72-614: Bhoothathankettu is a dam and tourist spot in Ernakulam district in Kerala ,. It is situated outside the village of Pindimana, about 10 km away from the town of Kothamangalam and 50 km away from the main city of Kochi . The original natural dam has been supplemented by a modern dam impounding the Bhoothathankettu Reservoir (Thattekad Reservoir). Large blocks of unshaped stones are placed on both sides of
144-419: A sex ratio of 1027 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 95.89%. 68.07% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 8.18% and 0.50% of the population respectively. Languages of Ernakulam district (2011) According to the 2011 census , 96.70% of the population spoke Malayalam, 0.97% Konkani and 0.94% Tamil as their first language. This district
216-542: A document is submitted directly for approval as a draft International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS), if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council. The first step, a proposal of work (New Proposal), is approved at the relevant subcommittee or technical committee (e.g., SC 29 and JTC 1 respectively in
288-442: A long process that commonly starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status are: Abbreviations used for amendments are: Other abbreviations are: International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC) by a process with six steps: The TC/SC may set up working groups (WG) of experts for
360-663: A major chunk of the Kothamangalam UA. Hindus (46%) accounts for the largest community, followed by Christians (38%) ( Latin Catholic , Syro-Malabar , Jacobites , Pentecostals and Malankara Orthodox ) and Muslims (15.7%). A small population of Jains , Jews , and Sikhs reside in Kochi. Ernakulam once had a vibrant Jewish population, with several synagogues , known as the Malabar Jews who used to dominate
432-887: A moderate climate and mostly falls within the Malabar Coast moist forests ecoregion, while the highlands are part of the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests ecoregion. The Anamudi is the tallest peak in South India, on the border of Ernakulam and Idukki districts. Some parts of the Idamalayar Reserve Forest and Mankulam Forest Division have Sholas but these parts are inaccessible by road. The Idamalayar Reserve Forest, and Edamalakkudy . Many types of sand, soil, and rocks are abundant here. Cochin International Airport
504-548: A proposal to form a new global standards body. In October 1946, ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the International Organization for Standardization. The organization officially began operations on 23 February 1947. ISO Standards were originally known as ISO Recommendations ( ISO/R ), e.g., " ISO 1 " was issued in 1951 as "ISO/R 1". ISO
576-436: A relatively small number of standards, ISO standards are not available free of charge, but rather for a purchase fee, which has been seen by some as unaffordable for small open-source projects. The process of developing standards within ISO was criticized around 2007 as being too difficult for timely completion of large and complex standards, and some members were failing to respond to ballots, causing problems in completing
648-658: A significant Konkani Hindu population who migrated from Goa during the Goa Inquisition . There is a small Jain community in Ernakulam district, concentrated mainly in Kochi city. The Sikh community in Ernakulam is also concentrated mainly in Kochi. There are more than 25 Sikh families in Kochi and there is one gurdwara . The Aluva Sivarathri festival at the Aluva Mahadeva Temple (situated on
720-637: Is "to develop worldwide Information and Communication Technology (ICT) standards for business and consumer applications." There was previously also a JTC 2 that was created in 2009 for a joint project to establish common terminology for "standardization in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources". It was later disbanded. As of 2022 , there are 167 national members representing ISO in their country, with each country having only one member. ISO has three membership categories, Participating members are called "P" members, as opposed to observing members, who are called "O" members. ISO
792-466: Is a voluntary organization whose members are recognized authorities on standards, each one representing one country. Members meet annually at a General Assembly to discuss the strategic objectives of ISO. The organization is coordinated by a central secretariat based in Geneva . A council with a rotating membership of 20 member bodies provides guidance and governance, including setting the annual budget of
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#1732772815046864-464: Is abused, ISO should halt the process... ISO is an engineering old boys club and these things are boring so you have to have a lot of passion ... then suddenly you have an investment of a lot of money and lobbying and you get artificial results. The process is not set up to deal with intensive corporate lobbying and so you end up with something being a standard that is not clear. International Workshop Agreements (IWAs) are documents that establish
936-517: Is an abbreviation for "International Standardization Organization" or a similar title in another language, the letters do not officially represent an acronym or initialism . The organization provides this explanation of the name: Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French), our founders decided to give it
1008-521: Is approved as an International Standard (IS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC is in favour and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. After approval, the document is published by the ISO central secretariat , with only minor editorial changes introduced in the publication process before the publication as an International Standard. Except for
1080-482: Is divided geographically into highland, midland, and coastal area. The altitude of the highlands is about 300 m (980 ft). The Periyar River , Kerala's longest, flows through all the taluks except Muvattupuzha . The Muvattupuzha River and a branch of the Chalakkudy River also flow through the district. The average yearly rainfall in the district is 3,432 mm (135.1 in). The district has
1152-467: Is forbidden to use the stretch without permission. The railway station at Aluva (a northern suburb of the city of Kochi) is about 43 km away. Cochin International Airport is about 42 km and 26 km from Kochi city (Cochin). Bhoothathankettu Mud Race has conducted as part of the Onam an annual holiday and a National Festival of Kerala, every year. Entertainment programs and adventurous games are
1224-529: Is formed by a section of the Western Ghats . Muvattupuzha and Kothamangalam taluks, which were initially parts of the Kottayam district and constitute the highlands. Muvattupuzhayar and Periyar are the main rivers, of which the latter flows through Muvattupuzha , Aluva , Kunnathunad and Parur taluks. During the rainy season these rivers are full and heavy floods affect the low-lying areas on
1296-522: Is funded by a combination of: International standards are the main products of ISO. It also publishes technical reports, technical specifications, publicly available specifications, technical corrigenda (corrections), and guides. International standards Technical reports For example: Technical and publicly available specifications For example: Technical corrigenda ISO guides For example: ISO documents have strict copyright restrictions and ISO charges for most copies. As of 2020 ,
1368-717: Is in this district. There are three prominent universities in Ernakulam: Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit in Kalady , Cochin University of Science and Technology in Kalamassery , and Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies in Kochi . The district has the most educational institutions in the state; as of 2019, there are 476 fully high-tech schools in Ernakulam. In 2017, Ernakulam district administration launched
1440-502: Is listed as the "most advanced" district in Kerala. It had a resident population of 3,105,798 as of 2001, excluding the commuters from neighbouring districts. According to the 2011 Census of India, Ernakulam District also houses the largest city (UA) in the state (17th largest in the country) – Kochi Urban Agglomeration . Kochi UA spans across 843km2 with a population of 2,119,724 (2.12 million), thereby housing approximately two thirds of
1512-498: Is located in the northern part of the district at Nedumbassery , Kochi. The district houses two Urban Agglomerations, Kochi and Kothamangalam . Kochi is the largest city in the state, and 17th most populous in the country according to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs rankings based on the 2011 Census, with an area of over 843km2 and 2.12 million population. The district is divided into three parts: lowland, midland, and
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#17327728150461584-437: Is primarily agrarian in nature. Rice is the principal crop cultivated in the wetlands. The district is the largest producer of nutmeg and pineapple in the state: more than 55% of pineapples produced in the state is cultivated in the district. Rubber is the most cultivated plantation crop in the district and the district is the second-largest producer of rubber in the state behind Kottayam. Other important crops cultivated in
1656-425: Is produced, for example, for audio and video coding standards is called a verification model (VM) (previously also called a "simulation and test model"). When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a working draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard, but is kept internal to working group for revision. When a working draft is sufficiently mature and
1728-617: Is restricted. The organization that is known today as ISO began in 1926 as the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations ( ISA ), which primarily focused on mechanical engineering . The ISA was suspended in 1942 during World War II but, after the war, the ISA was approached by the recently-formed United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with
1800-560: Is that monsters (Malayalam: Bhootham) planned to submerge the Trikkariyoor temple, whose presiding deity is Lord Shiva by making a dam in the Periyar river and flooding the area. Suspecting trickery the omnipotent Lord Shiva , came up with a plan to deter them. He faked the approaching dawn by a rooster's sound. The demons fearing the arrival of light fled the place. To this day there is a visible proof of their effort where you can see
1872-468: Is the regional seat of Syriac Orthodox Church in India, and is where Saint Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Malayattoor is located. The eight-day lent (Ettunombu) festival at St Mary's Jacobite Syrian Valiyapally, Thamarachal attracts many people from all over the state. St. George Orthodox Syrian Church at Kadamattam near Muvattupuzha is very old and was founded by Mar Abo Syrian Metropolitan in
1944-485: The Anamalais is reached. Ernakulam district is the richest district in Kerala and is the biggest commercial centre in the state of Kerala . It contributes the most to the state exchequer in terms of GSVA and tax revenues. It has the highest literacy rate as well as the highest per capita income in the state, along with having the greatest number of commercialised banks, startups and large-scale industries & MSMEs in
2016-655: The International Electrotechnical Commission . It is headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland. The three official languages of ISO are English , French , and Russian . The International Organization for Standardization in French is Organisation internationale de normalisation and in Russian, Международная организация по стандартизации ( Mezhdunarodnaya organizatsiya po standartizatsii ). Although one might think ISO
2088-614: The Periyar River to form the dam , making it look like a natural dam built by superhumans. The name Bhoothathan Kettu , means " monster fort"; past generations believed it was built by a Bhootham (monster). Also located here are the Bhoothathankettu reservoir and the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary ( Thattekad reservoir is about 12 km distance from the place. The reason behind the dam's name
2160-792: The 5th century A.D. He brought a cross from Persia, which is preserved in the church. The festival at the Latin church of Vallarpadam on 24 September attracts people belonging to all religions. The icon of Virgin Mary in this church is credited with many miracles. St. George's Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Edappally was founded in 593 A.D. Important pilgrimage sites in Ernakulam are Koonan Kurish St George Orthodox Pilgrim church, Mattancherry ; Vadakken Paravoor St Thomas Catholic Church, Malayattoor Pally; and Mor Thoman Jacobite Church , Kothamangalam ; and Thrikkunnathu St Mary's Seminary Church, Aluva . The relics of Gregorios Abdul Jaleel are preserved at
2232-476: The Roshni project, which aims to provide Malayalam education to migrant children. It supported 1,265 migrant workers' children from lower primary to high school. There are two revenue divisions: Fort Kochi and Muvattupuzha. The municipal corporation is in Kochi. The district has the most taluks in the state. The district is divided by two revenue divisions with seven taluks. Interestingly, Ernakulam district has
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2304-655: The St. Thomas Jacobite church North Paravur . Thousands of pilgrims from Kerala culminate on 27 April for the Dhukrono of the Saint. The Feast of Eldho Mor Baselios is celebrated in the tomb church Mor Thoman Church at Kothamangalam every year on 2 and 3 October. The Feast of Paulose Mar Athanasius on 26 January at Thrikkunnathu St Mary's Seminary Church, Aluva , where he is entombed, also attracts thousands. Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala , also known as Parumala Thirumeni ,
2376-821: The Western Coastal Plains of India. It is surrounded by the Thrissur District to the north, the Idukki District to the east, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts to the south and the Laccadive Sea to the west. The Anamalais occupy a large part of the district, consisting of the forest areas around Pooyamkutty and the Idamalayar Dam . The range also extends into Thrissur, Palakkad, and Idukki districts, as well as Coimbatore and Tiruppur districts of Tamil Nadu. The district
2448-415: The accident needed repair and was overloaded. Pedal boats and speed boats are provided. The area around the boating facility is landscaped with tree houses and a children's play area. There is also a restaurant. The entrance fee is Rs-10/adult, for speed boat charge is Rs-500/ for 4 persons. There is a nature walk trail after the dam through thick growth to the old Boothathankettu which is very refreshing and
2520-505: The banks of river Periyar) in Aluva attracts people from around the country. St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Piravom is believed to be founded in 405 A.D. and was the headquarters of Archdeacon and St Thomas until the 18th century. Adi Shankaracharya was born in Kalady , which is considered to be a major pilgrimage centre for Hindus around the world. Kallil Kshethram is a famous Jain temple near Perumbavoor . Puthencruz
2592-486: The banks, but in the summer season, they generally go dry and narrow. The Periyar is stretched over a length of 229 km (142 mi). The flora of this district is tropical. The heavy rainfall combined with moderate temperatures and fertile soil support abundant vegetation. Many of the common plants are found in the coastal area, which forms the lowland region. The midland region is occupied by coconut palms, paddy, tapioca, pepper, pineapple and pulses. The lower slopes of
2664-498: The boulders which the demons were supposed to have rolled onto the riverbed, the Old Bhothathankettu. The Periyar flows on through the narrow space which the demons did not quite manage to dam up. It has been attributed to two great floods – one in the 4th century and the other in 1341, which threw open the port of Kochi. The massive landslides during the flood are believed to have caused gigantic rocks to roll down from
2736-576: The bridge on 10 June 2020. Ernakulam district Ernakulam ( IPA: [erɐɳɐːguɭɐm] ; ISO : Eṟaṇākuḷaṁ ) is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala , and takes its name from the eponymous city division in Kochi . It is situated in the central part of the state, spans an area of about 2,924 square kilometres (1,129 sq mi), and is home to over 9% of Kerala's population. Its headquarters are located at Kakkanad . The district includes Kochi, also known as
2808-491: The case of MPEG, the Moving Picture Experts Group ). A working group (WG) of experts is typically set up by the subcommittee for the preparation of a working draft (e.g., MPEG is a collection of seven working groups as of 2023). When the scope of a new work is sufficiently clarified, some of the working groups may make an open request for proposals—known as a "call for proposals". The first document that
2880-418: The central secretariat. The technical management board is responsible for more than 250 technical committees , who develop the ISO standards. ISO has a joint technical committee (JTC) with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to develop standards relating to information technology (IT). Known as JTC 1 and entitled "Information technology", it was created in 1987 and its mission
2952-435: The commercial capital of Kerala, which is famous for its ancient churches , Hindu temples , synagogues and mosques . The district includes the largest metropolitan region of the state: Greater Cochin . Ernakulam district yields the highest revenue and the largest number of industries in the state. Ernakulam is the second most populous district in Kerala, after Malappuram (out of 14 districts ). The district also hosts
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3024-421: The confidence people have in the standards setting process", and alleged that ISO did not carry out its responsibility. He also said that Microsoft had intensely lobbied many countries that traditionally had not participated in ISO and stacked technical committees with Microsoft employees, solution providers, and resellers sympathetic to Office Open XML: When you have a process built on trust and when that trust
3096-406: The district are tapioca , black pepper , areca nut , coconut , turmeric , banana , and plantain . Ernakulam is the first district in India to have 100 percent literacy by 1990. In fact Kochi has the highest literacy rate for any city in the country with over 20 lakhs population. Pothanikkad is the first village in India that achieved 100 percent literacy according to state literacy programme
3168-553: The district via rivers and lagoons. ISO Early research and development: Merging the networks and creating the Internet: Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet: Examples of Internet services: The International Organization for Standardization ( ISO / ˈ aɪ s oʊ / ) is an independent, non-governmental , international standard development organization composed of representatives from
3240-468: The district. Kochi Metro runs in Kochi. Ernakulam district has two airports: Naval airport in W.island (Old Cochin airport) and Cochin International Airport (CIAL). CIAL is the fourth largest airport in the country after Mumbai , Delhi , and Chennai , and serves International passengers. Ernakulam lies in the flat delta region of the Periyar and Moovattupuzha rivers. Water transport is prominent in
3312-413: The document, the draft is then approved for submission as a Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC are in favour and if not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. ISO will then hold a ballot among the national bodies where no technical changes are allowed (a yes/no final approval ballot), within a period of two months. It
3384-415: The entire city of Kochi is a strong public demand. According to the 2018 Statistics Report , Ernakulam has a population of 3,427,659. The 2011 census of India reports that the district is ranked 104th most populous in India out of 640. The district has a population density of 1,072 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,780/sq mi). Its population growth rate in 2001–2011 was 5.69%. Ernakulam has
3456-537: The first saint of Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church from India was born and brought up in Mulanthuruthy . The three major national highways passing through Ernakulam are the Cochin-Mumbai Highway ( NH 66 ), Salem-Kanyakumari ( NH 47 part of NSEW corridor ), and Cochin-Dhanushkodi highway ( NH 49 ). Ernakulam has 17 railway stations. The Ernakulam Junction , Ernakulam Town and Aluva are
3528-529: The highest in India. Ernakulam has played a part in the political history of south India since ancient times. The Jews , Syrians , Arabs , Chinese, Dutch, British, and Portuguese seafarers followed the sea route to the Kingdom of Cochin and left their impressions on the town. The port at Kozhikode held superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur , Kollam , and Kochi , were commercially important secondary ports, where
3600-406: The highest number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala state. The most commonly spoken language in Ernakulam is Malayalam . English is widely used, mostly in business circles. Ernakulam became India's first district to have 100 percent banking or full "meaningful financial inclusion" in 2012. Ernakulam has a high Human Development Index of 0.801 (UNHDP report 2005), which is one of
3672-400: The highland region have teak and rubber. Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary is located at the centre of Kochi . It covers 2.74 ha (6.8 acres), supports many species of mangroves and is a nesting ground for a variety of migratory birds . The Managalavanam is called the "green lung of Kochi", considering its role in controlling the city's air pollution. Thattekad Bird Sanctuary lies on
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#17327728150463744-464: The highland that consist of seaboard, plains, and hills and forests respectively. 20 percent of the total area are lowlands. The forests in the eastern part of the district are mostly remote, forming a part of the Anamalais . The highest peak is the Anamudi . The midland consists mainly of plain land and a group of islands that naturally drain water via backwaters and canals. The hilly or eastern portion
3816-647: The main attractions of Bhoothathankettu Fest. Visitors from various parts of Kerala come to participate and enjoy the Bhoothathankettu Fest. Bhoothathankettu Mud Race (Bhoothathankettu Slush Fest) has been postponed to the October, due to floods in 2018. The bridge built (296 m length and 11 m width) parallel to the Bhoothathankettu Dam was opened to the public for transportation. Irrigation Minister of Kerala K. Krishnankutty inaugurated
3888-474: The major stations. The other stations are Angamaly , Thripunithura , Edapally , Mulamthuruthy , Cochin Harbour Terminus , Karakutty, Chowara , Kalamassery , Nettoor , Kumbalam , Mattancherry H. , Chottanikkara road, Kanjiramattom and Piravom road. The rail routes travel via Thrissur , Kottayam, Cochin H.T., Alappuzha , and Vallarpadam. The Angamaly-Erumely Sabarimala route passes through
3960-442: The most municipalities in the state. A criticism that has been centered around this fact is that despite municipalities like Aluva, Kalamassery, Thrikkakara, Maradu, Tripunithura and Eloor becoming assimilated into Kochi city, they still exist as individual municipalities instead of being under Kochi Corporation . Surprisingly the corporation has not amended its limits for over half a century, since 1967 to be precise. The corporation
4032-531: The mountain and become entrenched in the Old Bhoothathankettu. On 20 February 2007, 18 people, including three teachers , nine boys and six girls of a school excursion group from St Antony's UP School in Elavoor, Eranakulam district of Kerala drowned in Periyar river at Thattekkad. The tragedy occurred when water leaked into their boat, causing it to overturn. The boat which was the cause of
4104-860: The national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes. ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and (as of July 2024 ) it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development. The organization develops and publishes international standards in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare. More specialized topics like electrical and electronic engineering are instead handled by
4176-721: The necessary steps within the prescribed time limits. In some cases, alternative processes have been used to develop standards outside of ISO and then submit them for its approval. A more rapid "fast-track" approval procedure was used in ISO/IEC JTC 1 for the standardization of Office Open XML (OOXML, ISO/IEC 29500, approved in April 2008), and another rapid alternative "publicly available specification" (PAS) process had been used by OASIS to obtain approval of OpenDocument as an ISO/IEC standard (ISO/IEC 26300, approved in May 2006). As
4248-492: The next stage, called the "enquiry stage". After a consensus to proceed is established, the subcommittee will produce a draft international standard (DIS), and the text is submitted to national bodies for voting and comment within a period of five months. A document in the DIS stage is available to the public for purchase and may be referred to with its ISO DIS reference number. Following consideration of any comments and revision of
4320-399: The northern bank of the Periyar River and covers about 25 km (10 sq mi). It was founded by ornithologist Salim Ali . The sanctuary is 80 km (50 miles) from Kochi. Birds found here include falcons, jungle fowl, water hens, and hornbills . The flora of this area consists mainly of plantations of teak , rosewood , and mahogany. Further on the road, Pooyamkutty forest of
4392-416: The population of Ernakulam District. Government of Kerala have also marked Kochi UA as the only "first order UA" in the state, which has its influence spread across the entire state unlike the other smaller cities. The district also houses another smaller urban agglomeration – Kothamangalam , which has an area of 81.42 km housing over 1,14,639 people. The towns of Kothamangalam and Muvattupuzha form
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#17327728150464464-511: The portion of the city known as Ernakulam , which gave the district its name; the headquarters was relocated afterwards to Kakkanad . In the year 1998, Kuttampuzha village was added to the district from Idukki district following which the district got a political boundary with neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu . There is no interstate road that connects the district with the neighbouring state through this border. The Ernakulam district covers an area of 3,068 km (1,185 sq mi) on
4536-411: The preparation of a working drafts. Subcommittees may have several working groups, which may have several Sub Groups (SG). It is possible to omit certain stages, if there is a document with a certain degree of maturity at the start of a standardization project, for example, a standard developed by another organization. ISO/IEC directives also allow the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure,
4608-418: The return path is parallel to the river. However, the water is very deep and strong undercurrents. Edamalayar dam is 14 km drive through the thick jungle from Boothathankettu dam. You can find many picnic spots along the way. Apart from the fact that this land is deemed reserve forest, the area has a huge elephant and tiger population, so it is not advisable for people to picnic anywhere along this route. It
4680-472: The short form ISO . ISO is derived from the Greek word isos ( ίσος , meaning "equal"). Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short form of our name is always ISO . During the founding meetings of the new organization, however, the Greek word explanation was not invoked, so this meaning may be a false etymology . Both the name ISO and the ISO logo are registered trademarks and their use
4752-412: The state. Its M.G. Road is home to some of Kerala 's most prestigious enterprises. Kochi is also the headquarters of some large companies like Lulu Group International , Federal Bank , Geojit , V-Guard , and Muthoot . The sea along the entire coast of the district and its backwaters are the habitat of various kinds of fish that supply both marine and inland fisheries. The eastern part of Ernakulam
4824-509: The subcommittee is satisfied that it has developed an appropriate technical document for the problem being addressed, it becomes a committee draft (CD) and is sent to the P-member national bodies of the SC for the collection of formal comments. Revisions may be made in response to the comments, and successive committee drafts may be produced and circulated until consensus is reached to proceed to
4896-457: The trade and commercial activities in the district. After the state of Israel was formed in 1945, the entire community made aliyah to Israel in the 1950s. Today they number 8000 in Israel but very few Jews remain in the district. After a direct flight service was established between Kochi and Tel Aviv they have retained ties with the state with annual visits and gatherings. Ernakulam also has
4968-535: The traders from various parts of the world would gather. In 1664, the municipality of Fort Kochi was established by Dutch Malabar , making it the first municipality in Indian subcontinent , which got dissolved when the Dutch authority got weaker in 18th century. In 1896, the Maharaja of Cochin initiated local administration by forming a town council in Ernakulam. Initially, The district's headquarters were located in
5040-414: The typical cost of a copy of an ISO standard is about US$ 120 or more (and electronic copies typically have a single-user license, so they cannot be shared among groups of people). Some standards by ISO and its official U.S. representative (and, via the U.S. National Committee, the International Electrotechnical Commission ) are made freely available. A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of
5112-517: Was suggested at the time by Martin Bryan, the outgoing convenor (chairman) of working group 1 (WG1) of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 , the rules of ISO were eventually tightened so that participating members that fail to respond to votes are demoted to observer status. The computer security entrepreneur and Ubuntu founder, Mark Shuttleworth , was quoted in a ZDNet blog article in 2008 about the process of standardization of OOXML as saying: "I think it de-values
5184-402: Was the largest in area and population when it was formed, and all these regions were panchayaths back then. Instead of adding them to the corporation when these regions started developing due to the urban expansion of Kochi city, they were made into separate municipalities thus largely handicapping the corporation. Now the call to expand these outdated limits for a better unified administration for
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