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20-630: The Bithyni originally lived in the area of the lower Strymon river , due to which the ancient Greeks claimed that they were originally called the Strymoni ( Ancient Greek : Στρυμόνιοι , romanized :  Strymonioi ; Latin : Strymonii ). Around c.  700 BC , the Paeonians displaced the Bithynians in the Strymon valley, after which they Bithyni migrated eastwards, and crossed

40-741: A number of gorges, enters Greece near the village of Promachonas in eastern Macedonia . In Greece it is the main waterway feeding and exiting from Lake Kerkini , a significant centre for migratory wildfowl. Also in Greece, the river entirely flows in the Serres regional unit into the Strymonian Gulf in Aegean Sea , near Amphipolis . The river's length is 415 kilometres (258 miles) (of which 290 kilometres (180 mi) in Bulgaria, making it

60-464: A river-name pattern against which to fit the story of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain and pockets of surviving native British culture. His river map of Britain divided the island into three principal areas of English settlement: the river valleys draining eastward in which surviving British names are limited to the largest rivers and Saxon settlement was early and dense; the highland spine; and

80-718: Is a river in Bulgaria and Greece . Its ancient name was Strymṓn ( Greek : Στρυμών [stryˈmɔːn] ). Its drainage area is 17,330 km (6,690 sq mi), of which 8,670 km (3,350 sq mi) in Bulgaria , 6,295 km (2,431 sq mi) in Greece and the remaining 2,365 km (913 sq mi) in North Macedonia and Serbia . It takes its source from the Vitosha Mountain in Bulgaria , runs first westward, then southward, forming

100-433: Is a type of toponym that designates a proper name of a body of water . Hydronyms include the proper names of rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, swamps and marshes, seas and oceans. As a subset of toponymy , a distinctive discipline of hydronymy (or hydronomastics ) studies the proper names of all bodies of water, the origins and meanings of those names, and their development and transmission through history. Within

120-679: The Israel / Jordan area contain the Egyptian word for river ( itrw , transliterated in the Bible as ye'or ). It is also possible for a toponym to become a hydronym: for example, the River Liffey takes its name from the plain on which it stands, called Liphe or Life ; the river originally was called An Ruirthech . An unusual example is the River Cam , which originally

140-1084: The Konska River , the Dragovishtitsa , the Rilska River , the Blagoevgradska Bistritsa , the Sandanska Bistritsa , the Strumitsa , the Pirinska Bistritsa and the Angitis . The river's name comes from Thracian Strymón , derived from Proto-Indo-European * srew- 'stream', akin to English stream , Old Irish sruaimm 'river', Polish strumień 'stream', Lithuanian straumuo 'fast stream', Bulgarian струя ( struia ) 'water flow', Greek ῥεῦμα ( rheũma ) 'stream', Albanian rrymë 'water flow', shi 'rain'. The name Strymón

160-685: The Mekong in southeast Asia . (The Tibetan name is used for three other rivers as well.) Hydronyms from various languages may all share a common etymology . For example, the Danube , Don , Dniester , Dnieper , and Donets rivers all contain the Scythian name for "river" (cf. don , "river, water" in modern Ossetic ). A similar suggestion is that the Yarden , Yarkon , and Yarmouk (and possibly, with distortion, Yabbok and/or Arnon ) rivers in

180-839: The Thracian Bosporus and settled in northwestern Anatolia, where they assimilated the Phrygians and the Bebryces , with the region becoming known as Bithynia after them. The Dolonci tribe, who lived in the Thracian Chersonese and whom Greek mythology claimed were related to the Bithyni, might have been remnants of the Bithyni who were left behind on the European side of the Thracian Bosporus. By

200-464: The onomastic classification, main types of hydronyms are (in alphabetical order): Often a given body of water will have several entirely different names given to it by different peoples living along its shores. For example, Tibetan : རྫ་ཆུ , Wylie : rDza chu , ZYPY : Za qu and Thai : แม่น้ำโขง [mɛ̂ː náːm kʰǒːŋ] are the Tibetan and Thai names, respectively, for the same river,

220-555: The saker falcon , the eastern imperial eagle and the greater spotted eagle . The Greek lamprey , which is listed as a critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List and is considered the rarest species of lamprey in the world, is only found at the Struma basin and the basin of the much smaller Louros river. Hydronym A hydronym (from Greek : ὕδρω , hydrō , "water" and ὄνομα , onoma , "name")

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240-538: The country's fifth-longest and one of the longest rivers that run solely in the interior of the Balkans . Parts of the river valley belong to a Bulgarian coal -producing area, more significant in the past than nowadays; the southern part of the Bulgarian section is an important wine region . The Greek portion is a valley which is dominant in agriculture, being Greece's fourth-biggest valley. The tributaries include

260-503: The entire Greek peninsula sieged and conquered Amphipolis. According to the ancient sources, the river was navigable from its mouth up to the ancient (and today dried) Cercinitis lake , which also favored the navigation; and thus was formed in antiquity an important waterway that served the communication between the coasts of Strymonian Gulf and the Thracian hinterland and almost to the city of Serres . The decisive Battle of Kleidion

280-744: The existing name of a body of water rather than rename it in their own language. For example, the Rhine in Germany bears a Celtic name, not a German name. The Mississippi River in the United States bears an Anishinaabe name, not a French or English one. The names of large rivers are even more conservative than the local names of small streams. Therefore, hydronomy may be a tool used to reconstruct past cultural interactions, population movements, religious conversions, or older languages. For example, history professor Kenneth H. Jackson identified

300-611: The mid-6th century BC, the Bithyni had come under the rule of the Lydian empire , after which it became part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire when Cyrus II annexed Lydia. The Bithyni used the round peltē shield in warfare. This Ancient Thrace –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Struma (river) The Struma or Strymónas ( Bulgarian : Струма [ˈstrumɐ] ; Greek : Στρυμόνας [striˈmonas] ;)

320-452: Was a hydronym in ancient Greek mythology , referring to a mythical Thracian king that was drowned in the river. Strymón was also used as a personal name in various regions of Ancient Greece during the 3rd century BC. In Macedonian it is called Струма [ˈstrumɐ] ; while in Turkish : Karasu [kaɾaˈsu] , 'black water'). In 437 BC, the ancient Greek city of Amphipolis

340-526: Was called the Granta , but when the town of Grantebrycge became Cambridge , the river's name changed to match the toponym. Another unusual example is the River Stort which is named after the town on the ford Bishops Stortford rather than the town being named after the river. Compared to most other toponyms, hydronyms are very conservative linguistically, and people who move to an area often retain

360-902: Was fought close the river in 1014 between the Bulgarians under Emperor Samuel and the Byzantines under Emperor Basil II and determined the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire four years later. In 1913, the Greek Army was nearly surrounded in the Kresna Gorge of the Struma by the Bulgarian Army during the Second Balkan War , and the Greeks were forced to ask for armistice. The river valley

380-545: Was founded near the river's entrance to the Aegean, at the site previously known as Ennea Hodoi ('Nine roads'). When Xerxes I of Persia crossed the river during his invasion in 480 BC he buried alive nine young boys and nine maidens as a sacrifice to the river god. The forces of Alexander I of Macedon defeated the remnants of Xerxes' army near Ennea Hodoi in 479 BC. In 424 BC the Spartan general Brasidas after crossing

400-804: Was part of the Macedonian front in World War I . The ship Struma , which took Jewish refugees out of Romania in World War II and was torpedoed and sunk in the Black Sea , causing nearly 800 deaths, was named after the river. The river's mouth and Lake Kerkini , a lake that the river is feeding and exiting, are both national parks and part of the Natura 2000 network. More than 300 bird species have been observed at these locations and some of them are considered endangered or vulnerable , like

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