Misplaced Pages

#680319

94-869: Bibek Debroy (25 January 1955 – 1 November 2024) was an Indian economist, who served as the chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India . He was also the Chairman of the Finance Ministry's 'Expert Committee for Infrastructure Classification and Financing Framework for Amrit Kaal'. Debroy has made significant contributions to game theory, economic theory, income and social inequalities, poverty, law reforms, railway reforms and Indology among others. From its inception in January 2015 until June 2019, Mr. Debroy

188-441: A university's chancellor . The chancellor is the principal record-keeper of a diocese or eparchy , or their equivalent. The chancellor is a notary, so that he may certify official documents, and often has other duties at the discretion of the bishop of the diocese: he may be in charge of some aspect of finances or of managing the personnel connected with diocesan offices, although his delegated authority cannot extend to vicars of

282-521: A Chancellor ( Kantsler ) directs the work of a ministry and coordinates institutions subject to the ministry, comparably to a Permanent Secretary in Great Britain. A ministry can also have one or several Vice-Chancellors ( Asekantsler ), who fulfill the duties of the Chancellor, when they are absent. The Chancellor of Justice ( Õiguskantsler , currently Ülle Madise ) supervises

376-611: A candidate is elected as the prime minister, he must vacate his posts at any private or government companies and may take up the position only on completion of his term. The prime minister is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the President of India before entering office, the oath of office and secrecy, as per the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India. Oath of office: I, <name>, do swear in

470-458: A consultative vote and prepares the reports on policy and activities of the council to parliament (assembly). The chancellery is responsible for the publication of all federal laws. In most Swiss cantons there is a State Chancellor who heads the central administrative unit of the cantonal government. In the Canton of Geneva , the first documents attesting to the existence of a Chancellor go back to

564-412: A few instances, the term chancellor applies to a student or faculty member in a high school or an institution of higher learning who is either appointed or elected as chancellor to preside on the highest ranking judicial board or tribunal . They handle non-academic matters such as violations of behavior. In Germany many heads of university administration carry the title Kanzler (Chancellor) while

658-624: A general election. In the subsequent general election , the Congress secured a supermajority , winning 401 of 552 seats in the Lok Sabha , the maximum number received by any party in the history of India. Vishwanath Pratap Singh —first finance minister and then later defence minister in Gandhi's cabinet—uncovered irregularities, in what became known as the Bofors scandal , during his stint at

752-455: A half years as PM; on 28 July 1979, Desai tendered his resignation to the president; and his government fell. Thereafter, Charan Singh —a deputy prime minister in Desai's cabinet—with outside, conditional support from Congress, proved a majority in Lok Sabha and took oath as Prime Minister. However, Congress pulled its support shortly after, and Singh had to resign; he had a tenure of 5 months,

846-399: A member of one of the houses of bicameral Parliament of India , alongside heading the respective house. The prime minister and his cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha . The prime minister is appointed by the president of India ; however, the prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected every five years , lest

940-408: A person who is commanding support of majority members of Lok Sabha to form the government of India —also known as the central government or Union government—at the national level and exercise its powers. In practice the prime minister nominates the members of their council of ministers to the president. He also works upon to decide a core group of ministers (known as the cabinet), as in charge of

1034-528: A prime minister can resign from office; Morarji Desai was the first prime minister to resign while in office. Upon ceasing to possess the requisite qualifications to be a member of Parliament subject to the Representation of the People Act, 1951 . The prime minister leads the functioning and exercise of authority of the government of India. The president of India—subject to eligibility—invites

SECTION 10

#1732776356681

1128-410: A recommended name to the collegium for reconsideration, this, however, is not a full Veto power, and the collegium can still put forward rejected name. The prime minister acts as the leader of the house of the chamber of parliament—generally the Lok Sabha —he belongs to. In this role, the prime minister is tasked with representing the executive in the legislature, announces important legislation, and

1222-514: A review of Shiva Purana in News18, Bibek Debroy's translation is highlighted for its clarity and ease of understanding, like his previous translations of the Puranas, enriched with extensive footnotes and consistent use of terms, addressing the challenge of untranslated Sanskrit terms through explanatory footnotes and is highly recommended for those seeking an unabridged, distortion-free translation of

1316-594: A span of three years, viz. , two tenures of Atal Bihari Vajpayee ; one tenure of H. D. Deve Gowda from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997; and one tenure of I. K. Gujral from 21 April 1997 to 19 March 1998. The government of Prime Minister Vajpayee—elected in 1998 —took some concrete steps; in May 1998—after a month in power—the government announced the conduct of five underground nuclear explosions in Pokhran . In response to these tests, many western countries , including

1410-525: A sympathy wave to form a minority government ; Rao became the first PM of South Indian origin. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , India was on the brink of bankruptcy , so, Rao took steps to liberalise the economy, and appointed Manmohan Singh —an economist and a former governor of the Reserve Bank of India —as finance minister. Rao and Singh then took various steps to liberalise

1504-521: A tenure of less than a year, Singh and his government accepted the Mandal Commission 's recommendations. Singh's tenure came to an end after he ordered the arrest of BJP member Lal Krishna Advani , as a result, BJP withdrew its outside support to the government, V. P. Singh lost the subsequent vote-of-no-confidence 146–320 and had to resign. After V. P. Singh's resignation, Chandra Shekhar along with 64 members of parliament (MPs) floated

1598-620: Is a monumental contribution to India's cultural and intellectual discourse, providing a foundational framework for the nation's engagement with its ancient glory and spiritual inheritance. The review in The Sunday Guardian of Debroy's recent work, "Life, Death and the Ashtavakra Gita," praises the book for successfully combining Bibek Debroy's literal translation of the Ashtavakra Gita with Hindol Sengupta's personal reflections. In contrast, Willis Goth Regier, director of

1692-466: Is further expected to respond to the opposition's concerns. Article 85 of the Indian constitution confers the president with the power to convene and end extraordinary sessions of the parliament; this power, however, is exercised only on the advice of the prime minister and their council, so in practice the prime minister does exercise some control over affairs of the parliament. The official website of

1786-546: Is generally divided into various ministries, the prime minister may retain certain portfolios if he is not allocated to any member of the cabinet. The prime minister—in consultation with the cabinet—schedules and attends the sessions of the houses of parliament and is required to answer the question from the Members of Parliament to them as the in-charge of the portfolios in the capacity as prime minister of India. Some specific ministries/department are not allocated to anyone in

1880-467: Is now working on a translation of Kurma Purana. Prime Minister of India The prime minister of India ( ISO : Bhārata kē Pradhānamaṁtrī ) is the head of government of the Republic of India . Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Council of Ministers, despite the president of India being the nominal head of the executive. The prime minister has to be

1974-450: Is the 14th and current prime minister of India, serving since 26 May 2014 . India follows a parliamentary system in which the prime minister is the presiding head of the government and chief of the executive of the government. In such systems, the head of state , or, the head of state's official representative (i.e., the monarch, president, or governor-general ) usually holds a purely ceremonial position and acts—on most matters—only on

SECTION 20

#1732776356681

2068-406: Is the head of government and has the responsibility for executive power. The president's constitutional duty is to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law per article 60 . In the constitution of India, the prime minister is mentioned in only four of its articles (articles 74, 75, 78 and 366). The prime minister plays a crucial role in the government of India by enjoying majority in

2162-637: Is the head of the Government of Austria. Since 2021, the Chancellor of Austria is Karl Nehammer . The Chancellor of Germany ( Bundeskanzler ) is the head of government in Germany. In German politics , the Bundeskanzler is equivalent to a prime minister and is elected by the Bundestag ("Federal Diet", the directly elected federal parliament) every four years on the beginning of

2256-635: The 2014 general election . In the general election of 2014 , the BJP-led NDA got an absolute majority, winning 336 out of 543 Lok Sabha seats; the BJP itself became the first party since 1984 to get a majority in the Lok Sabha. Narendra Modi —the Chief Minister of Gujarat —was elected prime minister, becoming the first prime minister to have been born in an independent India. Narendra Modi

2350-1044: The Bhagavata Purana (in three volumes), the Markandeya Purana (one volume), the Brahma Purana (two volumes), the Vishnu Purana (one volume), the Shiva Purana (three volumes) and the Brahmanda Purana (two volumes). Along with Manmatha Nath Dutt, he is only the second person to have translated both the Mahabharata and the Ramayana , in unabridged form, into English. For his translations, he has been conferred with Sir Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar Memorial Award in July 2023 by

2444-681: The District of Columbia Public Schools , who run the municipally-operated public schools in those jurisdictions, carry the title of Chancellor. New York State also has a Chancellor of the University of the State of New York , the body that licenses and regulates all educational and research institutions in the state and many professions (not to be confused with the State University of New York , an actual institution of higher learning). In

2538-770: The Finnish Council of State . In Sweden the Chancellor of Justice or Justitiekanslern acts as the Solicitor General for the Swedish Government . The office was introduced by Charles XII of Sweden in 1713. Historically there was also a Lord High Chancellor or Rikskansler as the most senior member of the Privy Council of Sweden . There is in addition to this a University Chancellor or Universitetskansler , who leads

2632-705: The Gulf states ; and the United States, culminating with the ratification of India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement near the end of Singh's first term. At the same time, the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks also happened during Singh's first term in office. In the general election of 2009 , the mandate of UPA increased. Prime Minister Singh's second term, however, was surrounded by accusations of high-level scandals and corruption. Singh resigned as prime minister on 17 May 2014, after Congress' defeat in

2726-650: The Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the country's premier civil service, which staffs most of the senior civil service positions; the Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB); and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), except for the selection of its director, who is chosen by a committee of: (a) the prime minister, as chairperson; (b) the leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha; and (c)

2820-534: The Indian Institute of Foreign Trade and the National Council of Applied Economic Research. On 5 January 2015, he was appointed permanent member of NITI Aayog (or National Institution for Transforming India Aayog), which is the replacement of Planning Commission and will act as a think-tank to the government of India. He served as a Member of Niti Aayog till June 2019. In September 2017, he

2914-679: The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 . Shashtri subsequently died of a reported heart attack in Tashkent , after signing the Tashkent Declaration . After Shastri, Indira Gandhi —Nehru's daughter—was elected as the country's third prime minister. The first—and to date, the only—woman to hold the post, Indira's first term in office lasted 11 years, in which she took steps such as nationalisation of banks ; end of allowances and political posts, which were received by members of

Bibek Debroy - Misplaced Pages Continue

3008-461: The Kargil War with Pakistan. In the subsequent October 1999 general election , the BJP-led NDA and its affiliated parties secured a comfortable majority in the Lok Sabha, winning 299 of 543 seats in the lower house . Vajpayee continued the process of economic liberalisation during his reign, resulting in economic growth. In addition to the development of infrastructure and basic facilities,

3102-500: The Lahore Declaration , in which the two countries announced their intention to annul mutual enmity, increase trade and use their nuclear capabilities for peaceful purposes. In May 1999, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam withdrew from the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) coalition; Vajpayee's government, hence, became a caretaker one after losing a motion-of-no-confidence 269–270, this coincided with

3196-482: The Lok Sabha . According to Article 84 of the Constitution of India, which sets the principle qualification for member of Parliament, and Article 75 of the Constitution of India, which sets the qualifications for the minister in the Union Council of Ministers, and the argument that the position of prime minister has been described as primus inter pares (the first among equals), A prime minister must: Once

3290-799: The Ministry of Defence ; Singh was subsequently expelled from Congress and formed the Janata Dal and—with the help of several anti-Congress parties—also formed the National Front , a coalition of many political parties. In the general election of 1989 , the National Front—with outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Left Front —came to power. V. P. Singh was elected prime minister. During

3384-568: The Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) , and proved a majority in the Lok Sabha with support from Congress. But Shekhar's premiership did not last long, Congress proceeded to withdraw its support; Shekhar's government fell as a result, and new elections were announced. Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated on the campaign trail for the general election of 1991 , and the Congress—under the leadership of P. V. Narasimha Rao —rode

3478-400: The University of Cambridge on a Trinity College scholarship, where he met his then supervisor, Frank Hahn , a noted British economist. Debroy, under the tutelage of Hahn, worked on integrating information into a general equilibrium framework. A considerable amount of work on integrating information into a general equilibrium framework took place during this period. Though his initial intention

3572-399: The University of Illinois Press , found Debroy's translation of Ramayana to be poor and lacking, if compared to that of Robert P. Goldman . Debroy anchored Itihasa, a show telecasted on Sansad TV, the official channel of Parliament of India. The series is a journey to discover what is "Bharata", what it means to be "Bhartiya" and what it means in terms of India's Sanatana Sanskriti. Debroy

3666-667: The Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany had the equivalent position of Reichskanzler as the head of the executive. Between 1871 and 1918, the Chancellor was appointed by the German Emperor . During the Weimar Republic (1919-1933), the Chancellor was chosen by the President and stood under his authority. This continued (formally) during the first year of the Nazi regime until the death of President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934. Between 1934 and 1945, Adolf Hitler combined

3760-544: The chief justice . Unlike most other countries, the prime minister does not have much influence over the selection of judges, that is done by a collegium of judges consisting of the Chief Justice of India , four senior most judges of the Supreme Court of India and the chief justice —or the senior-most judge—of the concerned state high court . The executive as a whole, however, has the right to send back

3854-480: The 12th century, and until 1660 it was the title of the leader of the state administration (a kind of a "Home Office" but often with foreign political duties). Often he appeared to be the real leader of the government. From 1660 until 1848, the title continued as "Grand Chancellor" or "President of the Danish Chancellery", and was replaced in 1730 by the title "Minister of Domestic Affairs". In Estonia,

Bibek Debroy - Misplaced Pages Continue

3948-707: The 12th century. In the 16th century the Chancery is officially described as the permanent secretariat of the executive and legislature. The first of these functions still constitutes an important part of its activities in Geneva and other cantons. In the canton of Bern , the Chancellor is elected by the Grand Council (i.e. Parliament) and has the task of supporting the Grand Council and the Executive Council in carrying out their tasks. The Chancellor directs

4042-633: The Annual Conference usually hires outside professional counsel in matters that require legal representation, that hiring and representation is done under the supervision, and with the consent, of the Conference Chancellor. A chancellor is the leader, either ceremonial or executive, of many public and private universities and related institutions. The heads of the New York City Department of Education and

4136-505: The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. The Reception by experts in the popular press has been favorable. Business Standard , reviewing his translation of Ramayana, admired Debroy's lucidity and addition of explanatory footnotes. Arshia Sattar , reviewing the same work for The Indian Express , applauded his remarkable feat of translating the two major Sanskrit epics and praised his introduction to

4230-858: The Economy), set up by the Finance Ministry and UNDP for examining legal reforms in India. Between December 2006 and July 2007, he was the rapporteur for implementation in the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor . Debroy has authored several books, papers and popular articles, has been the Consulting Editor of Indian financial and other newspapers. He has been a member of the National Manufacturing Competitive Council from November 2004 to December 2009. He

4324-521: The German foreign service, the term Kanzler (chancellor) refers to the administrative head of a diplomatic mission. In Finland the Chancellor of Justice ( Oikeuskansleri , Justitiekanslern ) supervises the legality of actions taken by the government and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. In this special function the chancellor also sits in the Finnish Cabinet ,

4418-418: The Lifetime Achievement Award by the US-India Business Summit. In 2022, he was conferred with the Lifetime Achievement Award by The Australia India Chamber of Commerce (AICC). In February 2024, Debroy was conferred Insolvency Law Academy Emeritus Fellowship, in recognition of his distinguished leadership, public service, work and contributions in the field of insolvency. Bibek Debroy died on 1 November 2024, at

4512-411: The Lok Sabha void, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed —on Indira's advice—imposed a state of emergency , therefore bestowing the government with the power to rule by decree ; this period is known for human rights violations such as mass sterilisation and the imprisonment of Indira's political opponents. After widespread protests, the emergency was lifted in 1977, and a general election was held. All of

4606-425: The National Agency for Higher Education . In the legal system of the United Kingdom, the term can refer to these officials: Some U.S. states , like Delaware , Tennessee , and Mississippi , still maintain a separate Court of Chancery with jurisdiction over equity cases. Judges who sit on those courts are called chancellors. In Denmark, the office of chancellor (or royal chancellor) seems to have appeared in

4700-418: The Naval Staff and commanders of operational and training commands. In addition, the ACC also decides the posting of Indian Police Service officers—the All India Service for policing, which staffs most of the higher level law enforcement positions at federal and state level—in the government of India . Also, as the Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions , the PM also exercises control over

4794-426: The Parliament with the power to decide the remuneration and other benefits of the prime minister and other ministers are to be decided by the Parliament. and is renewed from time to time. The original remunerations for the prime minister and other ministers were specified in the Part B of the second schedule of the constitution, which was later removed by an amendment. In 2010, the Prime Minister's Office reported that

SECTION 50

#1732776356681

4888-414: The Prime Minister's Office is available in 11 Indian languages namely Assamese , Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada , Malayalam , Meitei ( Manipuri ), Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil and Telugu, out of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic , in addition to English and Hindi . The eleven Indian language websites can be accessed at the following links: Article 75 of the Constitution of India confers

4982-419: The Shiva Purana. Bibek Debroy's translation of the Shiva Purana is lauded by Open Magazine for its ability to capture the profound complexity and depth of this ancient text, effectively bringing its wisdom to modern readers who are not well-versed in Sanskrit. His work is not just a translation but an intellectual bridge that connects contemporary India with its rich spiritual heritage. Debroy masterfully conveys

5076-412: The Swiss Federal Government. He is elected by the Swiss Federal Assembly (German: Bundesversammlung , French: Assemblée fédérale , Italian: Assemblea federale ) to head the Federal Chancellery (German: Bundeskanzlei ) — the general staff of the seven-member executive Federal Council , the Swiss federal government. The Chancellor participates in the meetings of the seven Federal Councilors with

5170-474: The United States, imposed economic sanctions on India, but, due to the support received from Russia, France, the Gulf countries and some other nations, the sanctions—were largely—not considered successful. A few months later in response to the Indian nuclear tests, Pakistan also conducted nuclear tests . Given the deteriorating situation between the two countries, the governments tried to improve bilateral relations. In February 1999, India and Pakistan signed

5264-447: The advice of the prime minister. The prime minister must become a member of parliament within six months of beginning their tenure, if they are not one already. A prime minister is expected to work with other central ministers to ensure the passage of bills by the parliament. Since 1947, there have been 14 different prime ministers. The first few decades after 1947 saw the Indian National Congress ' (INC) near complete domination over

5358-627: The age of 69. He had been admitted to All India Institutes of Medical Sciences in New Delhi one month prior. Debroy was born in Shillong, now in Meghalaya, on 25 January 1955 to a Bengali Hindu family. His grandparents had migrated from (Pail, Habiganj) Sylhet, now in Bangladesh; his paternal grandfather and his father migrating as late as 1948. His father went on to join the Indian Audit and Accounts Service . Bibek Debroy started his school education at Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya, Narendrapur . After that he studied at Kolkata Presidency College and Delhi School of Economics . Later on, Debroy went to

5452-419: The cabinet but the prime minister themself. The prime minister is usually always in charge/head of: The prime minister represents the country in various delegations, high level meetings and international organisations that require the attendance of the highest government office, and also addresses to the nation on various issues of national or other importance. Per Article 78 of the Constitution of India ,

5546-486: The diocesan bishop, such as vicars general , episcopal vicars or judicial vicars. His office is within the " chancery ". Vice-chancellors may be appointed to assist the chancellor in busy chanceries. Normally, the chancellor is a priest or deacon, although in some circumstances a layperson may be appointed to the post. In the eparchial curia a chancellor is to be appointed who is to be a presbyter (priest) or deacon and whose principal obligation, unless otherwise established by

5640-436: The economy, these resulted in unprecedented economic growth in India. His premiership, however, was also a witness to the demolition of the Babri Masjid , which resulted in the death of about 2,000 people. Rao, however, did complete five continuous years in office, becoming the first prime minister outside of the Nehru—Gandhi family to do so. After the end of Rao's tenure in May 1996, the nation saw four prime ministers in

5734-430: The electoral period after general elections. Between general elections, the Chancellor (together with the whole cabinet) can only be removed from office by a konstruktives Misstrauensvotum ( constructive vote of no confidence ), which consists of the Bundestag electing a successor. Since 2021, the Chancellor of Germany is Olaf Scholz of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) The former German Empire ,

SECTION 60

#1732776356681

5828-434: The exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice. The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. Like most parliamentary democracies , the president 's duties are mostly ceremonial as long as the constitution and the rule of law is obeyed by the cabinet and the legislature. The prime minister of India

5922-433: The first Sikh prime minister of the nation. During his tenure, the country retained the economic momentum gained during Prime Minister Vajpayee's tenure. Apart from this, the government succeeded in getting the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 , and the Right to Information Act, 2005 passed in the parliament. Further, the government strengthened India's relations with nations like Afghanistan ; Russia;

6016-411: The first non-Congress PM to complete a full five-year tenure. In the 2004 election , the Congress emerged as the largest party in a hung parliament ; Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA)—with outside support from the Left Front, the Samajwadi Party (SP) and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) among others—proved a majority in the Lok Sabha, and Manmohan Singh was elected prime minister; becoming

6110-517: The government took several steps to improve the infrastructure of the country, such as, the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) and the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY; IAST : Pradhānamaṃtrī Grāma Saḍaka Yojanā ; lit. Prime Minister Rural Road Scheme), for the development of roads. But during his reign, the 2002 Gujarat communal riots in the state of Gujarat took place; resulting in about 2,000 deaths. Vajpayee's tenure as prime minister came to an end in May 2004, making him

6204-409: The important functions and ministries of the government of India . The prime minister is responsible for aiding and advising the president in distribution of work of the government to various ministries and offices and in terms of the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 . The co-ordinating work is generally allocated to the Cabinet Secretariat . While the work of the government

6298-411: The intricate philosophies, narratives, and spiritual insights of the Shiva Purana, presenting them in a way that's comprehensive yet deeply impactful. This translation serves as a guiding light for serious readers, enabling them to explore and perhaps even experience the enigmatic essence of Shiva, encapsulated in the age-old question: "What is Shiva?" Beyond its spiritual significance, Debroy’s translation

6392-433: The legality of actions taken by the government and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. In the United States, the only "chancellor" established by the federal government is the Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution , a largely ceremonial office held by the Chief Justice of the United States . As the Smithsonian is a research and museum system, its use of the title is perhaps best thought of as akin to

6486-434: The militants and civilians. In revenge, on 31 October of that year, Gandhi was shot dead by Satwant Singh and Beant Singh —two of her bodyguards—in the garden of her residence at 1, Safdarjung Road , New Delhi. After Indira, Rajiv —her eldest son and 40 years old at the time—was sworn in on the evening of 31 October 1984, becoming the youngest person ever to hold the office of prime minister. Rajiv immediately called for

6580-474: The name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as Prime Minister for the Union and that I will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the Constitution and the law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will. Oath of secrecy: I, <name>, do swear in

6674-446: The name of God/solemnly affirm that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person or persons any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Prime Minister for the Union except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as such Minister. The prime minister serves at 'the pleasure of the president', hence, a prime minister may remain in office indefinitely, so long as

6768-684: The non-binding advice of the Cabinet Secretary of India led-Senior Selection Board (SSB)—decides the postings of top civil servants, such as, secretaries , additional secretaries and joint secretaries in the government of India. Further, in the same capacity, the PM decides the assignments of top military personnel such as the Chief of the Army Staff , Chief of the Air Staff , Chief of

6862-665: The particular law, is to see that the acts of the curia are gathered and arranged as well as preserved in the archives of the eparchial curia. In England, the Consistory courts of the Church of England are each presided over by a Chancellor of the Diocese. In the United Methodist Church , each Annual Conference has a Conference Chancellor, who is the Annual Conference's legal adviser and representative. While

6956-439: The political map of India. India's first prime minister— Jawaharlal Nehru —took oath on 15 August 1947. Nehru went on to serve as prime minister for 17 consecutive years, winning four general elections in the process. His tenure ended in May 1964, on his death. After the death of Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri —a former home minister and a leader of the Congress party—ascended to the position of prime minister. Shastri's tenure saw

7050-571: The political parties of the opposition—after the conclusion of the emergency—fought together against the Congress, under the umbrella of the Janata Party , in the general election of 1977 , and were successful in defeating the Congress. Subsequently, Morarji Desai —a former deputy prime minister —became the first non-Congress prime minister of India. Desai's government was composed of groups with opposite ideologies, in which unity and coordination were difficult to maintain. Ultimately, after two and

7144-834: The post of foreign minister . It is often used as a synonym to the full titles of the ministers of foreign affairs . Likewise, the ministry of foreign affairs in Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas is referred to as the Cancillería or in Portuguese-speaking Brazil as Chancelaria . However, in Spain the term canciller refers to a civil servant in the Spanish diplomatic service responsible for technical issues relating to foreign affairs. As to

7238-546: The president has confidence in him/her. However, a prime minister must have the confidence of Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India . The term of a prime minister can end before the end of a Lok Sabha's term, if a simple majority of its members no longer have confidence in him/her, this is called a vote-of-no-confidence . Three prime ministers, I. K. Gujral , H. D. Deve Gowda and Atal Bihari Vajpayee have been voted out from office this way. In addition,

7332-532: The president in the discharge of their constitutional functions. To quote, Article 53, 74 and 75 provide as under: The executive powers of the Union shall be vested in the president and shall be exercised either directly or through subordinate officers, in accordance with the Constitution. There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the president who shall, in

7426-437: The prime minister does not receive a formal salary, only monthly allowances. That same year The Economist reported that, on a purchasing power parity basis, the prime minister received an equivalent of $ 4106 per year. As a percentage of the country's per-capita GDP (gross domestic product), this is the lowest of all countries The Economist surveyed. Chancellor The Chancellor of Austria ( Bundeskanzler ),

7520-575: The prime minister shall resign. The prime minister can be a member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the parliament. The prime minister controls the selection and dismissal of members of the Union Council of Ministers ; and allocation of posts to members within the government. The longest-serving prime minister was Jawaharlal Nehru , also the first prime minister, whose tenure lasted 16 years and 286 days. His premiership

7614-470: The roles of head of state, head of government and leader of the ruling party, being officially titled " Führer und Reichskanzler " (literally "Leader and Chancellor"). In Switzerland , the Chancellor (German: Bundeskanzler , French: Chancelier fédéral , Italian: Cancelliere della Confederazione ) is not the political head of government, but rather its chief administrator as the Chief of Staff of

7708-496: The royal families of the erstwhile princely states of the British Indian Empire . In addition, events such as the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 ; the establishment of a sovereign Bangladesh ; accession of Sikkim to India, through a referendum in 1975; and India's first nuclear test in Pokhran occurred during Indira's first term. In 1975, amid growing unrest and a court order declaring Indira's election to

7802-530: The shortest in the history of the office. In 1980 , after a three-year absence, the Congress returned to power with an absolute majority. Indira Gandhi was elected prime minister a second time. In June 1984, Operation Blue Star —an Indian Army operation against Sikh militants inside the Golden Temple , the most sacred site in Sikhism—was conducted, resulting in reportedly thousands of deaths, both of

7896-628: The staff of the Executive Council, supports the President of the Government and the Executive Council in the performance of their duties, and usually participates as an advisor to the President of the Grand Council in Grand Council sessions. In most countries of Latin America , the equivalents to "chancellor" ( Canciller in Spanish and Chanceler in Portuguese ) are commonly used to refer to

7990-486: The text as well as literal translation; notwithstanding the relatively poor scholarly apparatus vis-à-vis Goldman, Debroy's was held to be more compact and accessible. Hindustan Times , reviewing the translation of Mahabharata, commended his academic-like rigor and passion; it spoke favorably of Debroy's choice of words—modernized yet true to the Sanskrit source—, and sprinkling of mathematical details in notes. According to

8084-459: The union cabinet and the president officially communicate through the prime minister. Otherwise, the Constitution recognises the prime minister as a member of the union cabinet only outside the sphere of union cabinet. The prime minister recommends to the president—among others—names for the appointment of: As the chairperson of Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), the prime minister—on

8178-781: Was a Reader (Associate Professor) in Economics at Centre for the Study of East European Economies, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, University of Poona, from March 1983 to March 1987. Debroy has translated the unabridged version of the Mahabharata into English, in a series of 10 volumes. He has also translated the Bhagavad Gita , the Harivamsa , the Vedas and Valmiki's Ramayana (in three volumes). He has translated

8272-642: Was a member of the NITI Aayog , the think tank of the Indian Government. He was awarded the Padma Shri (the fourth-highest civilian honour in India) in 2015. Bibek Debroy's recent co-authored magnum opus, Inked in India, stands distinguished as the premier comprehensive documentation, capturing the entirety of recognized fountain pen, nib, and ink manufacturers in India. In 2016, he was awarded

8366-597: Was appointed Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister. From September 2018 to September 2022, the President of the Indian Statistical Institute. In September 2022, he was appointed Chancellor of Pune’s Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute. In July 2024, Debroy was also appointed the Chancellor of the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics where he served till September 2024. Incidentally, Debroy

8460-509: Was followed by Lal Bahadur Shastri 's short tenure and Indira Gandhi 's 11- and 4-year-long tenures, both politicians belonging to the Indian National Congress . After Indira Gandhi's assassination , her son Rajiv Gandhi took charge until 1989, when a decade with five unstable governments began. This was followed by the full terms of P. V. Narasimha Rao , Atal Bihari Vajpayee , Manmohan Singh , and Narendra Modi . Modi

8554-986: Was married to Suparna Banerjee. Debroy died on 1 November 2024, at the age of 69. He had been admitted to All India Institutes of Medical Sciences in New Delhi one month prior. Debroy has translated the Bhagavad Gita, the Mahabharata (10 volumes), Harivamsha, the Valmiki Ramayana (3 volumes), the Bhagavata Purana (3 volumes), the Markandeya Purana, the Brahma Purana (2 volumes), the Vishnu Purana (1 volume), Shiva Purana (3 volumes) and Brahmanda Purana (2 volumes). He

8648-408: Was re-elected as prime minister in 2019 with a bigger mandate than that of 2014. The BJP-led NDA won 354 seats out of which BJP secured 303 seats. External support from INC The Constitution envisions a scheme of affairs in which the president of India is the head of state; in terms of Article 53 with office of the prime minister being the head of Council of Ministers to assist and advise

8742-704: Was the Chairman of a Committee set up by the Chief Minister of Jharkhand to recommend a development plan for the State. He has been a Member of the Chief Minister's Economic Advisory Council in Rajasthan. From 2014 to 2015, he was the Chairman of the High Powered Committee set up by the Ministry of Railways to restructure Indian Railways. In the past, Debroy has taught at Presidency College, Calcutta, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics,

8836-651: Was to complete a PhD, owing to no substantial results, Debroy settled for the lower degree of MSc and returned to work in India. His past positions include the Director of the Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies , Consultant to the Department of Economic Affairs of Finance Ministry (Government of India), Secretary-General of PhD Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Director of the project LARGE (Legal Adjustments and Reforms for Globalising

#680319