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53-615: Bisbee may refer to: Bisbee, Arizona Bisbee Blue , turquoise from Bisbee, Arizona Bisbee Deportation , the illegal expulsion of 1,300 miners from Bisbee, Arizona (1917) Bisbee Riot , gunfight between black Buffalo Soldiers and local police in Bisbee, Arizona (1919) Bisbee massacre , payroll robbery and murder, followed by hangings, in Bisbee, Arizona (1883) Bisbee, North Dakota Bisbee, Texas Sam Bisbee , American independent film producer and composer Topics referred to by

106-602: A destination in the 1960s for artists and hippies of the counter culture . Artist Stephen Hutchison and his wife Marcia purchased the Copper Queen Hotel , the town's anchor business and architectural gem, from the Phelps-Dodge mining company in 1970. The company had tried to find a local buyer, offering the deed to any local resident for the sum of $ 1, but there were no takers. The property needed renovation for continued use. Hutchison purchased and renovated

159-416: A household in the city was $ 27,942, and the median income for a family was $ 36,685. Males had a median income of $ 29,573 versus $ 23,269 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,129. About 12.9% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 23.2% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over. The Bisbee 1000 Stair Climb is a five-kilometer run through

212-468: A large grant to the City of Bisbee to help the mine tour project and other improvements in downtown Bisbee; these were designed to meet tourist business needs. The Queen Mine Tour was officially opened to visitors on February 1, 1976. More than a million visitors have taken the underground mine tour train. From 1950 to 1960, the sharp population decline happening over the previous few decades changed course and

265-513: A local group of private citizens and the county sheriff to deputize about 2,000 members of a posse . Given names of Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) members and other miners, they arrested nearly 1,300 striking miners at gunpoint in an early morning raid at Bisbee , Lowell and Warren . Portraying those affiliated with the IWW as bent on war-related sabotage, the company ordered them expelled from

318-501: A mine tour and historic interpretation of a portion of the Copper Queen Mine as part of an effort to create heritage tourism as another economic base to compensate for the financial loss due to the end of the mining industry. Community volunteers cleared tons of fallen rock and re-timbered the old workings. Eventually, this local effort came to the attention of the federal Economic Development Administration . It approved

371-432: A semi-desert appearance with shrubby acacia , oak and the like, along with cacti , grass , ocotillo and yucca . The town itself is much more luxuriant with large trees such as native cypress , sycamore and cottonwood plus the introduced ailanthus and Old World cypresses , cedars and pines . Palms are capable of growing tall, but are not reliably hardy. At least one mature blue spruce may be seen. Bisbee

424-484: A steady decline in its standard of living. The residential district still houses a significant portion of the population, and includes City Hall, Greenway Elementary School, Bisbee High School, and the historic Warren Ballpark . Lowell was at one time a sizable mining town located just to the southeast of Old Bisbee. The majority of the original townsite was consumed by the excavation of the Lavender Pit mine during

477-524: A ten-pound block of ice with antique ice tongs. Bisbee hosts an annual Blues festival, occurring in 2015 during the second week of September. The festival effectively lengthens the tourist season, and provides a large amount of business to local bars and breweries. Bisbee joined with Clifton in forming a cricket team that travelled to Santa Monica, California , in 1908 to play the Santa Monica Cricket Club in two games overlooking

530-404: A union busting Bisbee Deportation of 1300 miners working in the mines around Bisbee, Arizona . Using World War I as the premise to take action, Phelps Dodge, in collusion with the local sheriff, illegally kidnapped and deported striking mine workers. When Anson G. Phelps died, his sons-in-law purchased his portion of the company, but retained the name, and the import-export business. In 1880,

583-600: Is $ 3–4. Phelps Dodge Corporation On March 19, 2007, Freeport-McMoRan completed a $ 25.9 billion acquisition of Phelps Dodge Corporation. in 1821, Anson G. Phelps started a partnership in New York City with Elisha Peck , a merchant who had been in trade in Berlin, Connecticut . Peck moved to Liverpool to run the British end of their business, an import-export company that shipped US-grown cotton from

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636-482: Is a typical semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ) of the upland Mountain West . Summer days are warm to hot and dry before the monsoon brings the wettest season from July to September with 10.65 inches (270.5 mm) of Bisbee's total annual rainfall of 18.63 inches (473.2 mm), often with severe thunderstorms. During the winter, frontal cloudbands may bring occasional rainfall or even snowfall, though average maxima in

689-454: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bisbee, Arizona Bisbee is a city in and the county seat of Cochise County in southeastern Arizona , United States. It is 92 miles (148 km) southeast of Tucson and 11 miles (18 km) north of the Mexican border. According to the 2020 census , the population of the town

742-464: Is elected in a direct citywide vote. In 2013, the city council received public notoriety when it proposed same-sex civil unions and shortly after became the first municipality in Arizona to pass a civil union law. The state's Attorney General, Tom Horne , threatened to sue, but decided against it after Bisbee amended the ordinance; the civil union ordinance came into effect July 5, 2013. "Bisbee

795-614: Is well documented in contemporary articles in The New Yorker and in an article by Cynthia Buchanan in The Cornell Review . It was at this time that Bisbee became a haven for artists and hippies fleeing the larger cities of Arizona and California. Later it attracted people priced out by gentrification of places such as Aspen, Colorado . In the 1990s, additional people were attracted to Bisbee, leading it to develop such amenities as coffee shops and live theatre. Many of

848-661: The Congo of Africa, Phelps Dodge Corporation was the majority owner and operator of the Tenke Fungurume project, generally considered to be the world's largest undeveloped copper/cobalt project. A subsidiary of Phelps Dodge Corporation, Climax Molybdenum, is the largest primary producer of molybdenum in the world. At the Henderson mine west of Empire, Colorado , Climax Molybdenum has produced more than 160 million tons of ore and 770 million pounds of molybdenum since

901-581: The Deep South to England, importing tin , iron, copper and other metals essential for industrial growth and development in the United States. In 1834, Peck left the business and was replaced in Liverpool by Daniel James, who remained there until his death in 1876. It was at this time that the concern of Phelps Dodge and Company was begun. Between 1917 and 1919, Phelps Dodge was involved in

954-543: The Industrial Revolution took hold. As the company diversified, it began investing in new railroads, essential in the company's efforts to keep costs as low as possible, especially in Arizona Territory . It used its own lines to transport products to and from major railroads for its markets on the eastern/northeastern shores. In 1895, the first contract was signed by Phelps Dodge and Company and

1007-513: The Nichols Copper Company (which was renamed from G. H. Nichols and Company in 1891) to have Phelps Dodge deliver a minimum of 1,000,000 pounds (450,000 kg) of blister copper over three years. This economically symbiotic relationship lasted until 1922, in which Phelps Dodge provided 90% of the blister copper Nichols Copper Company used to produce 100% pure copper. During the 1920s, Phelps Dodge invested $ 3.5 million in

1060-582: The Phelps-Dodge Corporation acquired its claims. In 1908, with the Phelps Dodge owners no longer alive, the company was re-organized as a public company and the name changed to Phelps Dodge Corporation, a holding company for all of the various properties and operations. Dr. Douglas was its first president. The company became notorious for its anti-union tactics , primarily for the 1917 Bisbee Deportation . The company worked with

1113-731: The Tyrone , between Lordsburg and Silver City and the El Chino Mine , northeast of Bayard . Several of these locations provide ores rich in molybdenum as well. It had recently begun development of the Safford Mine near Safford, Arizona . In 2006, revenue was $ 11.910 billion USD , operating income was $ 4.226 billion, and net income was $ 3.017 billion. As of 2013, the Political Economy Research Institute identified Phelps Dodge as

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1166-600: The UCLA School of Law found that, on a proportional basis, Bisbee had more gay couples living together than anywhere else in the state. The ratio was 20.9 for every 1,000 households. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 21.6% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males. The median income for

1219-481: The 1950s. All that is left today is a small portion of Erie Street, along with Evergreen Cemetery, Saginaw subdivision and Lowell Middle School. These days Lowell is considered by most of the local residents to be more of a place name than an operating community. San Jose, on the southern side of the Mule Mountains , is the most modern of the city's subdivisions. As it is not restricted by mountains, it has had

1272-458: The 41st-largest corporate producer of Air pollution in the United States , with roughly 4.50 million pounds of toxins released annually into the air. Major pollutants included sulfuric acid , chromium compounds, lead compounds, and chlorine . The Center for Public Integrity has reported that Phelps Dodge is named as a potentially responsible party in at least 13 Superfund toxic waste sites. By June 1998, Reynaldo Delgado had worked for

1325-569: The Nichols Copper Company's plant modernization projects in exchange for stock in Nichols Copper Company. This dramatically increased copper production of the plant. In 1930, Dr. William Henry Nichols died; Phelps Dodge purchased the Laurel Hill plant that same year. During the late 19th century, in concert with its metal interests, Phelps Dodge Corporation became one of the largest producers of lumber and lumber products in

1378-809: The Pacific Ocean on the grounds of the Polo Field. The miners lost both cricket games. The Copper Echo reported that Bennie, the general manager of the Shannon Company Copper Mine, was the miners' best cricketer. Bisbee was home to a minor league baseball franchise. The Bisbee Bees played as members of the Arizona State League and Arizona-Texas League . Bisbee is governed via the mayor-council system. The city council consists of six members who are elected from three wards, each ward elects two members. The mayor

1431-464: The Phelps Dodge smelting plant in Hurley, New Mexico , for two years. The plant had recently incurred a 10-day shut-down, and, on June 30, 1998, the crew Mr. Delgado was assigned to was short-handed. When the crew encountered an emergency situation known as a "runaway," Mr. Delgado's supervisors ordered him to enter – alone – a tunnel to remove a ladle that was overflowing with molten slag . Mr. Delgado

1484-511: The United States. In Tombstone, Arizona during 1900 E. B. Gage, Frank Murphy, and William Staunton consolidated their various mining properties into a single entity, the Tombstone Consolidated Mines Company. They worked to drain mines that had filled with water, laid a rail spur into town, and revived mining. They experienced some success until the pumps failed in 1909. The new company filed for bankruptcy and

1537-792: The Warren District with the purchase of the Atlanta Copper Mine in 1882, neighboring the Copper Queen Mine . When both mines discovered the same ore body, instead of fighting over it, they merged in 1885, creating the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company. The Copper Queen Mine in Bisbee, Arizona Territory , became one of the most productive in the state of the early 20th century. The company focused largely on providing copper wire and cables to industry, products that were in high demand as

1590-452: The age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 39.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.90. An analysis of United States Census Bureau data by researchers at The Williams Institute at

1643-542: The automobile, Old Bisbee is compact and walkable. The town's hilly terrain is exemplified by the old four-story high school; each floor has a ground-level entrance. The city of Bisbee now includes the satellite communities of Warren, Lowell, and San Jose. The Lowell and Warren townsites were consolidated into Bisbee proper during the early part of the twentieth century. There are also smaller neighborhoods interspersed between these larger boroughs, including Galena, Bakerville , Tintown, South Bisbee, Briggs, and Saginaw. Warren

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1696-408: The census of 2000, there were 6,090 people, 2,810 households, and 1,503 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,266.3 inhabitants per square mile (488.9/km ). As of the 2020 U.S. Census Redistricting Data there were 3,138 housing units (21.5% of which were vacant or possibly secondary homes) at an average density of 605.8 per square mile (233.9/km ). The racial and ethnic makeup of

1749-436: The city (where race/ethnicity of residents was known) was 65.2% non-Hispanic White , 29.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.7% Non-Hispanic Black or African American , 0.6% Non-Hispanic Native American , 0.5% Non-Hispanic Asian , 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander , 0.5% from other races , and 3.3% from two or more races. There were 2,810 households, out of which 21.7% had children under

1802-617: The city that traverses 1,034 stairs. Billed as "the most unique physical fitness challenge in the USA!" by the organizers, the Climb includes runners being serenaded by musicians at various locations among the stairs. The event has grown to include the Ice Man Competition, designed to honor the history of men delivering blocks of ice by hand before the advent of refrigeration. In the Ice Man Competition, entrants race up 155 steps carrying

1855-650: The company invested in the Detroit Copper Company of Clifton, Arizona , at the time a very small copper camp in the eastern Arizona Territory . Phelps-Dodge interested Dr. James Douglas of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania to inspect the property and make recommendations. Dr. Douglas inspected the Detroit Copper Co of Morenci and also ventured south to the Warren District . On his advice, Phelps-Dodge began its own mining operations in

1908-610: The desert without food or water to the town to Hermanas, New Mexico , due to allegations that they were members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). The company wanted to prevent unionization, while the IWW sought safer mining conditions and the end of discrimination between US-born and immigrant workers. Earlier that year, industry police conducted the Jerome Deportation , similarly intended to expel striking miners. Continued underground work enabled

1961-482: The early 20th century the population of Bisbee soared. Incorporated in 1902, by 1910 its population had swelled to 9,019, the third largest in the territory, and it sported a constellation of suburbs, including Warren, Lowell , and San Jose, some of which had been founded on their own (ultimately less successful) mines. In 1917, open-pit mining was successfully introduced to meet the copper demand during World War I . A high quality turquoise promoted as Bisbee Blue

2014-586: The hotel, as well as other buildings in the downtown area. One held the early 20th-century Brewery and Stock Exchange. Hutchison began to market Bisbee as a destination of the "authentic," old Southwest. His work attracted the developer Ed Smart. Among the many guests at the hotel have been celebrities from nearby California. Actor John Wayne was a frequent visitor to Bisbee and the Copper Queen. He befriended Hutchison and eventually partnered with Smart in his real estate ventures. This period of Bisbee's history

2067-578: The jurisdiction, deporting them to Hermanas, New Mexico . Company officials and Sheriff Harry C. Wheeler seized telegraph and telephone lines to keep news of this from getting out. The Phelps Dodge copper mine at Morenci, Arizona was the site of a violent strike from 1983 to 1986, culminating in one of the largest union decertifications in American labor history. In South America, the company had several very large copper mining operations in Peru . In

2120-824: The mine opened in 1976. Climax Molybdenum also owns the Climax molybdenum mine , north of Leadville, Colorado . In 1906, Phelps-Dodge acquired the Dawson Fuel Company of Dawson, New Mexico to mine coal for its copper smelting operations. Major accidents include the explosion at the Dawson Stag Canyon No. 2 mine which resulted in 264 deaths, and is one of the deadliest coal mining accidents in U.S. history. The company employed more than 13,500 people worldwide. On Sunday, November 19, 2006, Freeport-McMoRan announced that it planned to acquire Phelps Dodge for $ 25.9 billion in cash and stock to create

2173-496: The most new growth since the late 1990s. Named after a nearby Mexican mountain peak, it is the location of many newer county government buildings, the Huachuca Terrace Elementary School, and a large shopping center. In 2007, Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold bought Phelps-Dodge company . Freeport has invested in Bisbee by remediating soil contaminated in previous mining operations, donations to

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2226-437: The number of residents of Bisbee increased by nearly 160 percent when open-pit mining was undertaken and the city annexed nearby areas. The peak population was in 1960, at 9,914. In the following decade, there was a decline in jobs and population, although not as severe as from 1930 to 1950. But, the economic volatility resulted in a crash in housing prices. Coupled with an attractive climate and picturesque scenery, Bisbee became

2279-421: The old houses have been renovated, and property values in Bisbee now greatly exceed those of other southeastern Arizona cities. Today, the historic city of Bisbee is known as "Old Bisbee" and is home to a thriving downtown cultural scene. This area is noted for its architecture, including Victorian-style houses and an elegant Art Deco county courthouse. Because its plan was laid out to a pedestrian scale before

2332-448: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bisbee . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bisbee&oldid=1128031594 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2385-562: The school system, and other civic activities. Arizona State Route 80 runs through the city, leading northwest 23 miles (37 km) to Tombstone and 47 miles (76 km) to Benson , and east 26 miles (42 km) to Douglas . The Mexican border at Naco is 11 miles (18 km) south of the center of Bisbee. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 5.2 square miles (13.4 km ), all land. Natural vegetation around Bisbee has

2438-497: The town to survive the changes in mining that caused mines in neighboring towns to close, leading to a resulting dramatic loss of population. But the population of Bisbee had dropped nearly 60%, from a high of 9,205 in 1920 down to 3,801 by 1950. In 1975 the Phelps Dodge Corporation halted its Bisbee copper-mining operations. Bisbee Mayor Chuck Eads, with the cooperation of Phelps Dodge, implemented development of

2491-503: The winter are typically very mild and sometimes even warm. Bisbee first appeared on the 1890 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It did not appear on the 1900 census, despite having a population of thousands (many unincorporated communities were not reported). In 1902, it incorporated as a city and has appeared on every census since 1910. On September 10, 1959, it incorporated the adjacent unincorporated villages of Lowell-South Bisbee (1950 pop. 1,136) and Warren (pop. 2,610). As of

2544-567: The world's largest publicly traded copper mining company. Stockholders for both companies voted on the proposal March 14, 2007. On Monday, March 19, 2007, Phelps Dodge Corporation was acquired by Freeport-McMoRan (NYSE: FCX), creating the world's largest publicly traded copper company, with 25,000 employees at acquisition. At the time of its acquisition in 2007, Phelps Dodge Corporation had large copper mining operations in Bagdad , Morenci , Sahuarita , Safford and Miami, Arizona . In New Mexico ,

2597-495: Was 4,923, down from 5,575 in the 2010 census. Bisbee was founded as a copper , gold , and silver mining town in 1880, and named in honor of Judge DeWitt Bisbee, one of the financial backers of the adjacent Copper Queen Mine . The town was the site of the Bisbee Riot in 1919. In 1929, the county seat was moved from Tombstone to Bisbee, where it remains. Mining in the Mule Mountains proved quite successful: in

2650-404: Was Arizona's first planned community . It was designed as a bedroom community for the more affluent citizens of the mining district. Warren has a fine collection of Arts and Crafts style bungalow houses. Many have been recognized as historic places, and the city has an annual home tour during which a varying selection are offered for tours. Since the end of mining in the 1970s, Warren has seen

2703-692: Was a by-product of the copper mining. Many high-quality mineral specimens have come from Bisbee area mines and are to be found in museum collections worldwide. Some of these minerals include cuprite , aragonite , wulfenite , malachite , azurite , and galena . Miners attempted to organize to gain better working conditions and wages. In 1917, the Phelps Dodge Corporation , using private police and deputized sheriffs in conjunction with Cochise County Sheriff Harry C. Wheeler , kidnapped at gunpoint over 1,000 striking miners, packed them into cattle cars, and shipped them for sixteen hours through

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2756-407: Was not qualified to perform this task and had never done so under runaway conditions, facts which he repeatedly told his supervisors. Following several instances of protesting and requesting help, which were refused by his supervisors, Mr. Delgado was sent to perform this task. There was an explosion inside the tunnel, and he subsequently emerged from the tunnel fully engulfed in flames and collapsed at

2809-727: Was the first in Arizona to approve civil unions, with Tucson , Jerome and Clarkdale following." The City of Bisbee administers the Bisbee Bus System which is in fact operated by the City of Douglas under contract, with regularly scheduled services from Monday through Saturday within Bisbee and to Naco ; One-way fare is $ 1; The City of Douglas also operates the Cochise Connection, with regular shuttle services between Douglas , Bisbee, and Sierra Vista ; One-way fare

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