The Socialist Party of Washington was the Washington state section of the Socialist Party of America (SPA), an organization originally established as a federation of semi-autonomous state organizations.
107-710: Blue Mountain School is an historic school located at 1986 Blue Mountain Road, about 8.7 miles (14.0 km) southeast of Port Angeles, Washington . It has been moved shortly east of its original location in the early 20th century. The school operated from 1903 to the date of its closure in 1935 as the only educational facility in the Blue Mountain district. After closure, the Blue Mountain Cemetery Association continued to maintain and preserve
214-726: A 32-page monthly in 1902 and to a 16-page magazine in October 1903. The colony went into decline in the early twentieth century. In December 1904 some members abandoned the communal concept and reorganized as the Burley Rochdale Mercantile Association, and three months later the Co-operative Brotherhood itself re-organized into a joint stock company. By 1908 there were 150 members of the Brotherhood, only 17 of them residents of
321-716: A March 1900 article in the Appeal to Reason that the Social Democratic Party's progress had been "the greatest in the states of Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and Washington" and declaring that "these three states are marked for early conquest." The vision of the Washington Socialists was particularly radical. No ameliorative reforms whatsoever were part of the 1900 Washington platform, which declared: We are fighting for no half-way measures. We will not be content until every workingman understands how he
428-651: A deliberate Referendum", Titus declared. This criticism caused a quick reversal by the Local Quorum, which caused left wing State Secretary U.G. Moore to state in The Socialist on June 2: "I want to apologize to the comrades of the state for any part I took in such action." The other two members of the Local Quorum, the moderates William McDevitt and Scott, held a session in State Secretary Moore's absence and appointed H.B. Jory, an opponent of
535-401: A different solution to the financial problem was chosen. They decided to change the name and focus of the publication, thereby boosting circulation to a level which could sustain the 50 cent subscription rate. Effective September 1, 1904, it was announced that the name of The Socialist would change to Next , and its orientation would change from a party paper "published for Socialists first" to
642-487: A disciple of Edward Bellamy and Laurence Gronlund . Lermond called for the formation of a membership organization to carry on such a colonization program in an unnamed Western state, and he issued a call in the pages of the socialist press for a convention to establish a new organization called the Brotherhood of the Cooperative Commonwealth (BCC). This call was endorsed by an impressive list of 143 of
749-438: A federal reserve for lighthouse, military and naval purposes. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers platted a federal town site on the reserve land, laying out the street plan which still exists today. The fact that Washington, D.C. , was the only other city officially laid out by the federal government led the U.S. Board of Trade in 1890 to dub Port Angeles the "Second National City." Settlers soon followed slowly, but Smith's death in
856-488: A large mill and a railway connecting the hinterlands to the mill. Other mills were soon built and the lumber and pulp mills supported the economy of the area until well into the century. Tourism became increasingly important as the growing national affluence, and especially the 1961 opening of the Hood Canal Bridge that cut driving time from the populated central Puget Sound region, brought more visitors drawn by
963-553: A medical practitioner for the rest of the decade. In the Pacific Northwest, Titus' interests turned towards politics, and he established an independent "Seattle Citizens' Movement" in 1900, turning to the Social Democratic Party and their successor, the Socialist Party, when that attempt failed to garner enduring support. On August 12, 1900, he launched Seattle's first explicitly socialist weekly newspaper under
1070-494: A national role for his weekly newspaper and stood satisfied with the 1903 battle against so-called "fusionism" culminated by victory at the July 1903 State Convention, the moderate wing of the party continued to battle for its own vision of socialism. Winning majority control of Central Branch of Local Seattle — one of 7 branches in the city, albeit the largest — William McDevitt and his associates brought Walter Thomas Mills to town on
1177-494: A national umbrella for presidential campaigns and major political projects. The foundation of the new SPA in 1901 "rebranded" the already-existing socialist movement in Washington state as the Socialist Party of Washington (SPW). A formal charter was granted to the state organization in the last days of September 1901. For all the national hoopla, the size and structure of the local groups themselves experienced very little in
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#17327987503961284-463: A new guise. If this was not the original intent of the founders, within two years it became the practical reality of the enterprise, as the colony platted an overlooking bluff and sold lots there to outsiders as part of a subdivision called "Edgewood". Amidst squabbling over finances and a shortage of ready cash, a wave of lawsuits ensued with 336 legal claims filed against the heavily mortgaged colony and its 196 separate notes and debts. Liquidation and
1391-611: A plain statement of our aims and objects". A new five member State Committee was elected which included four members from Seattle and one from the town of Fairhaven, Washington . The Socialist Party of America (SPA) was established in August 1901 at a "Socialist Unity Convention" which brought together the Chicago-based Social Democratic Party headed by railroad union organizer Eugene V. Debs and socialist newspaper publisher Victor L. Berger with
1498-545: A policy of colonization; they named a 3-member "Colonization Committee" on August 1, 1897, consisting of Col. Richard J. Hinton (Washington, DC), Wilfred P. Borland (Bay City, MI), and Cyrus Field Willard (Chicago, IL). This trio moved their focus for a colony to seed the future "Cooperative Commonwealth" from Washington state to the Cumberland plateau of Tennessee. At its so-called "First National Convention" in June 1898,
1605-610: A population of 19,960 as of the 2020 census , it is the largest city in the county. The population was estimated at 20,134 in 2021. The city's harbor was dubbed Puerto de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (Port of Our Lady of the Angels) by Spanish explorer Francisco de Eliza in 1791. By the mid-19th century, after settlement by English speakers from the United States, the name was shortened and partially anglicized to its current form, Port Angeles Harbor. Port Angeles
1712-529: A price. While readers were encouraged to make the publication sustainable through a fourfold increase in circulation, switch to a subscription rate of $ 1 per year was openly mooted. The subsequent issue featured an article by Debs titled "To The Socialist and its Readers," in which the party's leading orator came down firmly in support of a rate hike. Debs decried the inconsistency of Socialists who "talk continually about 'education' while they let their own press starve to death" and noted that The Socialist , at
1819-460: A propaganda paper "published primarily for non-Socialists". Titus declared: For four years The Socialist, or The Seattle, as so many comrades call it, has fought squarely against all middle class tendencies in the party. This paper has borne a conspicuous part in driving all such tendencies to the read. Now that they ware in the rear and the working class elements represented by [Socialist Party ticket heads] Debs and Hanford are in full control,
1926-426: A rate of 50 cents per year, "cannot pay legitimate expenses". Debs added, "I want to see a substantial paper, the best that can be produced, and a reasonable price paid for it, instead of a flimsy sheet on crutches that manages to limp from one issue to another like a walking epitaph." Then, in August 1904, at the semi-annual meeting of the Washington Socialists who assisted Titus with the publication of The Socialist ,
2033-582: A resolution endorsing Mills as "an uncompromising, class-conscious, and revolutionary Socialist" and upbraiding Hermon Titus's newspaper for participating in a "plan to silence Mills by driving him off the Socialist lecture platform, and by blacklisting him in the eyes of the Socialist Party." This proved to be a red flag to the Reds. Titus railed against "the Mills men" using "packed" meetings to gain control of
2140-539: A similarly named East Coast organization of expatriates from the Socialist Labor Party, featuring prominently Henry Slobodin and Morris Hillquit . United by a distaste for the centralism and enforced uniformity of the Socialist Labor Party of Daniel DeLeon , the new SPA was founded on the principle of "state autonomy" – a federation of state organizations each conducting their own electoral and educational affairs as they best saw fit, while combining under
2247-418: A socialist society would be to flood a single state of the union with organized socialist colonies. They argued that, through practical experience, the superiority of socialist organization of production and distribution and the virtues of pure democratic government would be demonstrated to hesitant Americans. Once the case was proven in one state, and its elected government won by socialist political candidates,
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#17327987503962354-430: A sparse 2-page sheet, running a headline on the front entitled "Shall The Socialist Live or Die?" This article noted that, while the publication had been basically covering its expenses over a period of several months, for the past two months the publication had suddenly begun running at a deficit of $ 100 per month, an amount deemed unsustainable by the 35 members of the "Socialist Educational Union" headed by Titus back of
2461-468: A speaking engagement in July 1903. Mills was anathema to Titus and the left wingers around him, depicted as a devotee of middle class reformism and regarded by one historian of the period as an oratorial gun for hire used by moderate factionalists in various states to rally the troops. After hearing Mills' presentation, a committee of the Local Seattle, Central Branch, headed by McDevitt, drafted
2568-629: A year of financial difficulty for the publication as some in the Washington Socialist movement moved to distance themselves from the radical Seattle paper. Part of Titus' financial difficulty was beyond the factional division of the Socialist Party of Washington and instead was related to Titus' stubborn insistence on maintaining a nominal subscription rate of just 50 cents per year, an artificially low price which mandated mass circulation akin to that of his rival, Wayland's Appeal to Reason: Titus declared it essential for his paper to expand to
2675-664: Is a community college based in Port Angeles that serves the Olympic Peninsula. [REDACTED] Mutsu, Aomori , Japan, is a sister city of Port Angeles. The cities have an exchange student program set up through the Port Angeles School District . Puget Sound Cooperative Colony During the 1910s, the Socialist Party of Washington was one of the largest state affiliates of the SPA in
2782-537: Is exploited and robbed by the capitalist and understands also that he has an immediate weapon in the ballot whereby to achieve his own emancipation. We propose to show every worker with hand or head that he is being expropriated by his capitalist masters, and that the time has come when the expropriators must be expropriated. While the great majority of Washington socialists supported the Springfield Social Democratic Party, an effort
2889-527: Is home to Peninsula College . It is the birthplace of football hall of famer John Elway and residents include writers and other celebrities. The city is served by William R. Fairchild International Airport . Ferry service is provided across the Strait of Juan de Fuca to Victoria, British Columbia , Canada on the MV Coho . This area was long occupied by succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples . In 1791,
2996-592: Is in the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains , resulting in much lower precipitation (only 26.54 in [674 mm] per year) than locations to the west outside of the rain shadow. As of the 2020 census , of 2020, there were 19,960 people, 8,783 households, and 4,826 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,863.68 inhabitants per square mile (719.6/km ). There were 9,567 housing units at an average density of 893.28 units per square mile (344.90 units/km ). The racial makeup of
3103-502: Is located at FM 102.1 Port Angeles is the home base of Rygaard Logging , one of the logging companies featured in the second season of the History Channel program Ax Men . The Strait of Juan de Fuca north of Port Angeles was used for filming some of the open water scenes in the 1990 film The Hunt for Red October . Port Angeles was also used in the last scene of the 1994 movie Wyatt Earp when Wyatt and Josie were on
3210-531: Is water. The city is situated on the northern edge of the Olympic Peninsula along the shore of the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Port Angeles features a long and narrow glacial moraine named Ediz Hook that projects northeasterly nearly three miles into the Strait. Ediz Hook creates a large, natural deep-water harbor shielded from the storms and swells that move predominantly eastward down the Strait from
3317-572: The Great Depression . Port Angeles has a warm summer mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csb ). It is heavily moderated by the Pacific Ocean , resulting in cool summers and mild winters for its latitude. Summers are far cooler than those of nearby Seattle . On June 27, 2021, Port Angeles set a new all-time record high of 97 °F (36 °C), breaking the city's previous all-time record high of 96 °F (36 °C). Port Angeles
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3424-521: The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in 1905, espousing the notion of " One Big Union " of all the workers, organized according to industries in accord with the principles of industrial unionism , excited a portion of the membership of the Socialist Party of Washington. As early as January 1906 the idea began to be voiced among some of the left wing of SPW that the organization should go on
3531-583: The King County Board of Education in Seattle. Together the pair received about 25 percent of the vote in a losing effort. By 1904, the Washington Socialists were sufficiently organized to run a practically full slate, with 55 of the organization's members standing as candidates for various state and county offices. From its earliest days, the Socialist Party of Washington was divided along factional lines between those who saw electoral politics as
3638-418: The Olympic Mountains , which means the city gets significantly less rain than other areas of western Washington. The average annual precipitation total is approximately 25 in (640 mm), compared to Seattle's 38 in (970 mm). Temperatures are moderated by the maritime location, with winter lows rarely below 25 °F (−4 °C) and summer highs rarely above 80 °F (27 °C). However, in
3745-557: The Port Angeles Evening News (founded 1916). The Peninsula Daily News publishes six days a week and hosts a website for the North Olympic Peninsula. Newsradio 1450 KONP is a local radio station offering news, sports, information and talk programming on AM 1450. The station is also broadcast on FM 101.7 (founded 1945). The Strait 102 KSTI is an FM radio station playing country music. KSTI
3852-555: The Puget Sound Cooperative Colony , which was established in 1887 and built several of the settlement's first permanent civic facilities, including a sawmill, church, office building, and opera house . The town was incorporated on June 11, 1890, and was named the county seat of Clallam County later that year. A depression a few years later was weathered and the town continued to grow into the new century. In 1914, large-scale logging began with construction of
3959-716: The Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance , the Scandinavian Cooperative League, the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, the Chicago Labor Union Exchange, and other groups. The gathering adopted a declaration of principles and elected officers, with a 5-member Executive Board which included Debs as governing chairman of the organization. The Social Democracy of America was initially oriented towards
4066-561: The 1902 campaign. In a third action, Thomas Neill, the newly elected city prosecutor of Colfax suffered a more severe fate via referendum vote, as he was expelled from the party for violation of the group's constitution when he accepted nomination for office independently of the SPW. Voting in all three of these actions against "fusionism" by Eastern Washington locals and individuals was similar, coming down approximately 2-to-1 in favor of sanctions; locals largely cast their votes en bloc one way or
4173-413: The 25,000 subscriber mark in order to survive at the current subscription rate. While this circulation target was not reached, The Socialist nevertheless managed to weather its difficult economic position for another year. The paper's financial crisis came to a head in the summer of 1904. Effective with its June 26, 1904 issue, The Socialist abruptly shifted from a heavily illustrated 4-page format to
4280-646: The ARU in Chicago proved to be the group's last. On Tuesday, June 15, a speech by Debs began a three-day summation of the union's activities and a wrapping up of loose ends. Three days later, the organization formally declared itself the Social Democracy of America and opened its doors to outside participation, including representatives of the Socialist Labor Party of America , its trade union arm
4387-672: The Central Branch and the Seattle City Central Committee in the absence of other delegates. "They will stop at nothing in the way of injustice," Titus indignantly proclaimed. Local Seattle remained divided between radical and moderate socialists, with some branches, such as the Pike Street Branch, dominated by the left wing, while others, such as the Finnish branch, were firmly on the side of
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4494-472: The Pacific Ocean. Coast Guard Air Station / Sector Field Office (SFO) Port Angeles is situated on the end of Ediz Hook. The harbor is deep enough to provide anchorage for large ocean-going ships such as tankers and cruise ships. The south shore of Vancouver Island and the city of Victoria, British Columbia are visible across the Strait to the north. Port Angeles is located in the rain shadow of
4601-522: The SDP of Washington held a founding convention which composed a Washington state platform endorsing "the principles of international Socialism , based on the irrepressible struggle of wage-labor against modern capitalism " and expressing approval of the nomination of the Debs-Harriman ticket for President and Vice President . Candidate Debs mutually admired the Washington Socialists, proclaiming in
4708-433: The SPW's "Red faction" until about 1909. He aggressively hammered those whom he deemed insufficiently stalwart in their commitment to revolutionary socialism, running on his front page the fire-breathing 1903 platform of Local Seattle next to the civic reform-oriented platform of Local Spokane under the headings "As Much Socialism as Possible" and "As Little Socialism as Possible," respectively. Public ridicule of this sort at
4815-629: The Social Democracy of America split over the colonization issue, with Debs and his brother Theodore, Victor Berger, and others bolting the gathering to establish the Social Democratic Party of America . The majority of the Social Democracy plowed ahead with their colonization scheme, turning their focus once again to Washington state. They assigned Cyrus Field Willard the task of locating a site for their initial colony and gave him authority to "do what in his judgment appeared
4922-534: The State Committee for its failure to decisively cleanse the SPW of the friends of "fusionism" in Eastern Washington, Titus began to show signs of dissatisfaction the financial drain from The Socialist . In a handwritten appeal "To All Friends of The Socialist " (May 20, 1903) and reproduced in facsimile in the paper's pages, Titus announced that with the third anniversary of his publication in
5029-596: The Washington party. At this gathering E. Lux of Whatcom was selected as the representative of the party to the Socialist Unity Convention in Indianapolis in August. The convention opined in favor of the name "Socialist Party" and instructed Lux "to vote first, last and all the time for organic union of the Socialist movement of the United States; and also to vote for the elimination from our platform of all immediate demands and to confine it to
5136-508: The Western United States, touting a membership which peaked with more than 6,200 paid members. The Socialist Party of Washington is remembered today for its place in the free speech fights of the first decade of the 20th century, during which it was closely connected with the Industrial Workers of the World . It was also the organizational home of a number of key leaders of the early Communist Party of America . Washington
5243-608: The ages of 18 and 64, and 10% of people over 65 being in poverty. As of the 2010 census , there were 19,038 people, 8,459 households, and 4,808 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,779.3 inhabitants per square mile (687.0/km ). There were 9,272 housing units at an average density of 866.5 units per square mile (334.6 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 88.9% White , 0.8% African American , 3.2% Native American , 1.8% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 0.9% from other races , and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of
5350-403: The average family size was 2.84. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.7% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males. The median income for a household in
5457-558: The bitter experience of the People's Party ("Populists") whom, it was believed, had destroyed their organization through political "fusion" with the Democrats . Local Spokane refused to accept the resignations of its newly elected Democratic members, however, prompting a party crisis. A referendum election was launched calling for the revocation of Local Spokane's SPW charter by the State Committee. On April 18, 1903, Local Spokane's charter
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#17327987503965564-584: The boat out from the harbor with the Olympic Mountains in the distance. Public school education is provided by the Port Angeles School District which operates five elementary schools, one middle school, a high school , an alternative high school and a vocational school. In addition, there are two private schools, Queen of Angels Catholic School and Olympic Christian School, both of which serve grades K-8. Peninsula College
5671-443: The cause for mass meetings with a parade of energetic speakers who stirred the juices of the crowd. Dances were sponsored regularly on Saturday night in Seattle, at which young Socialists could socialize, and the effort was made to put together a Socialist orchestra and a Socialist choir. Such activities doubtlessly helped to foster unity within the state's numerically dominant Seattle local. No amount of vocal harmonizing could hide
5778-408: The centrist forces which had steadily come to dominate the national Socialist Party. The situation seems to shown signs of developing into two parallel organizations, one dedicated to agitation, propaganda, and the cultivation of the working class into the SPW, the other devoted to trying to build a successful electoral organization by building a multi-class alliance around common desires. The birth of
5885-483: The city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female. The ancestry of Port Angeles was 15.3% German , 15.1% English , 13.2% Irish , 5.5% Norwegian , 3.3% Italian , 3.2% French , 2.9% Scottish , 2.3% Polish , and 0.1% Sub-Saharan African . The median household income was $ 53,690, with families having $ 65,994, married couples having $ 79,727, and non-families having $ 30,368. A total of 11.5% of the population were in poverty, with 13.4% of people under 18, 11.5% of people between
5992-482: The city was 86.9% White , 1.5% African American , 2.8% Native American , 2.5% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 1.4% from other races , and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.6% of the population. The median age in the city was 38.9 years. 21.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.1% were from 25 to 44; 23.1% were from 45 to 64; and 21.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
6099-476: The city was US$ 33,130, and the median income for a family was $ 41,450. Males had a median income of $ 33,351 versus $ 25,215 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,903. About 9.9% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over. The local newspaper is the Peninsula Daily News , originally
6206-440: The city. The population density was 1,823.1 people per square mile (703.9 people/km ). There were 8,682 housing units at an average density of 860.4 units per square mile (332.2 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 91.35% White , 0.69% Black , 3.26% Native American , 1.29% Asian , 0.17% Pacific Islander , 0.38% from other races , and 2.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.34% of
6313-534: The colony had grown to include 115 participants, including 45 men, 25 women, and 45 children. This group living at Burley was supported by a network of about 1,000 others nominally participating in the organization off site. Originally named "Brotherhood", the inhabitants gradually began to refer to it as "Burley" after the nearby Burley creek. A colony scrip was created that included a $ 1 denomination for an eight-hour work day and smaller units, called minims, for minutes worker over or less than six hours. "Circle City"
6420-532: The colony. The trustees called a meeting of stockholders to dissolve the Brotherhood in late 1912, but it lacked the two-thirds majority, whereupon those who were in favor of disbanding took the company to court. On January 10, 1913 Judge John P. Young ordered the Cooperative Brotherhood dissolved and put its assets into receivership. The last of its properties were sold off in 1924. The Social Democracy of America (SDA), established in 1897 from
6527-418: The coming of winter, the deficiencies of the colony became apparent. Money pledged for the purchase of stock had not come in, housing was inadequate, and expenses of nearly $ 200 a day drained the colony's resources. Disillusionment set in among many of the participants that the enterprise, far from establishing a cooperative community of secure work and plenty, was little more than a land speculation scheme in
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#17327987503966634-450: The community worked as loggers, carpenters, farmers, cooks, and specialized professions. Three pay grades were established for all workers, including officers of the colony, with payment made on the basis of an 8-hour workday (6-hour for women). Payment was made in colony scrip , with legal tender reserved for the colony's purchases from the outside world. The colonists worked furiously to construct their own community from nothingness. By
6741-511: The construction of a constitution to be voted on by mail. Officers were elected on September 19, 1896, a list which included Debs as organizer. He converted to the ideas of socialism while in jail as a result of the 1894 Pullman Strike , and he also saw in the BCC's colonization plan a possibility for gainful employment for railroad workers blacklisted for membership in his failing American Railway Union . (ARU) The Coming Nation continued to beat
6848-515: The direct means for the working class and its allies to gain control of the political system and to thus establish socialism as opposed to those who harbored few illusions about the efficacy of elections and who instead viewed the electoral process as a means of bringing socialist ideas to erstwhile voters on the road to a future socialist revolution . The electorally oriented, moderate faction described themselves as "constructive socialists," while besmirching their opponents as " impossibilists ", whereas
6955-403: The direction of the referendum "that an organizer be sent to organize a Local of such members as believe in the uncompromising and independent political action of the Socialist Party", instead elected to issue a call for new applications for a charter from both cities. The Local Quorum [Executive Committee] of the State Committee had "not obeyed the will of the party expressed in its highest form by
7062-589: The drum of publicity for the project. The colony in Skagit County , near the small town of Edison , was established in the November 1897. Three members of the "Equality" colony would go on to become important leaders in the early Socialist Party of Washington — Harry Ault , an associate editor of The Socialist and later editor of the Seattle Union Record ; George Boomer, a left winger who
7169-541: The example would spread to neighboring states and across America, ushering in the Cooperative Commonwealth in America, its participants hoped. Discussion of this idea began to take place in earnest in the pages of the pioneer radical publication The Coming Nation , published by J.A. Wayland , forerunner of the popular Kansas weekly The Appeal to Reason . By the fall of 1895, a concrete proposal had begun to take shape, advanced by Maine resident Norman Wallace Lermond –
7276-404: The expense of erstwhile comrades did little to advance the goal of a united Socialist Party of Washington. To his supporters, on the other hand, Titus's unflinching salvos at the temporizing half-measures of others were red meat for the faithful. The Socialist Party of Washington did not limit itself to dry group meetings and polemicizing in the party press. Special events such as May Day were
7383-512: The fact that the Socialist Party of Washington was the venue for an ongoing factional war between one-step-at-a-time moderates and workers-of-the-world-unite radicals, however. In the election of 1902, two members of the moderate Local Spokane were elected to public office under the banner of the Democratic Party. The pair dutifully resigned from the Socialist Party, which prohibited membership in any other political organization owing to
7490-664: The first settlers arrived and were followed by the Cherbourg Land Company in 1859. Soon afterwards the site caught the attention of Victor Smith. Smith, a protege of Salmon Chase , was Collector of Customs for the Puget Sound District. He quickly gained approval to relocate the U.S. Customs port of entry for Washington Territory from Port Townsend to Port Angeles. With Chase's support, he also succeeded in getting President Abraham Lincoln to designate 3,520 acres (1,424 ha) at Port Angeles as
7597-491: The harbor was entered by Spanish explorer Francisco de Eliza , who named it Puerto de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (Port of Our Lady of the Angels), claiming it for Spain. He was on an expedition from southern California. This name was shortened to the current one of Port Angeles. It was not until the 19th century that European Americans began to settle here. A small whaling, fishing and shipping village developed, which traded with Victoria, British Columbia . In 1856–57,
7704-415: The late 18th and early 19th centuries. Archeologists were called in to conduct a professional excavation. They found about 300 graves and 785 pieces of human bones, in addition to numerous ritual and ceremonial Indian artifacts of the former Tse-whit-zen village of the federally recognized Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe . This site had appeared to have been continuously occupied for thousands of years; some of
7811-564: The mission of The Socialist may be considered fulfilled. The interlude of Titus' paper as Next proved to be short-lived, however. On March 18, 1905, Titus' paper reemerged in Toledo, Ohio as a "party paper" called The Socialist . In this new permutation of his publishing project, Titus joined with William Mailly , former Executive Secretary of the Socialist Party and a left-winger in political temperament who had been replaced by centrist J. Mahlon Barnes on February 1 that same year. Although
7918-442: The more radical and confrontationalist faction self-described as "Reds," while denigrating their inner-party foes as "Yellows." The history of the SPW over its first two decades proved to be an almost ceaseless bedlam of factional warfare between these two groups. The radical faction was centered around Hermon F. Titus , born in 1852 and an 1873 graduate of Madison University and later its theological seminary . After graduating
8025-531: The mountains, rivers, and rainforest of Olympic National Park and by fishing and boating along the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The mills began to close in the 1970s and 1980s until only one pulp mill remained in operation; the Rayonier specialty pulp mill was shuttered in 1997. In August 2003, a $ 275 million construction project known as the Graving Dock Project was started in Port Angeles near
8132-454: The nation's leading social reformers, including the journalist Henry Demarest Lloyd , union organizer Eugene V. Debs , and religious leader Rev. William D.P. Bliss . From July 24–26, 1896, an organizational convention for the BCC was held in St. Louis, Missouri , site of a simultaneous gathering of the People's Party , the so-called "Populists". It was hoped that by holding the BCC convention at
8239-402: The new Ohio incarnation of The Socialist continued to give a place to news of the Socialist Party of Washington, the organization felt its loss. A referendum was subsequently conducted amongst the SPW's membership in 1905 on the question of whether a party-owned paper should be established – a proposal which carried by a majority of 70 votes. While Hermon Titus sought an enlarged press run and
8346-433: The offing, circulation remained stuck at 7,000 copies. He announced: It is not enough to pay expenses. I have given my services freely for three years, besides meeting all deficits. If you want this paper to continue, you must lend a hand and increase its circulation to Twenty Five Thousand before Aug. 12th. Our working class policy has made enemies who are working to kill the paper. Will its friends stand pat? This began
8453-556: The other, with Eastern Washington and Seattle's Finnish branch supporting the moderates' pro-"fusionist" position, while locals in Western Washington tended to back the radicals' demand for sanctions. Despite having one three referendum victories on matters of "political fusion", Titus was enraged by the method of reorganization put in place by the State Executive Committee, which instead of following
8560-617: The people living in the Northwest before European American settlement of the area. In 2016, Port Angeles installed two street signs in English and Klallam to revitalize and preserve the area's Klallam culture. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 14.52 square miles (37.61 km ), of which 10.70 square miles (27.71 km ) is land and 3.82 square miles (9.89 km )
8667-407: The population. There were 8,053 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and
8774-442: The population. There were 8,459 households, of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.9% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
8881-578: The property. Blue Mountain School was added to the National Historic Register in 1987. This article about a property in Washington on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Port Angeles, Washington Port Angeles ( / ˈ æ n dʒ əl ə s / AN -jəl-əs ) is a city and county seat of Clallam County , Washington , United States. With
8988-406: The publication. Noting that the circulation of the paper now stood at around 5,000 regular subscribers, with bundle orders of special issues occasionally pushing the total as high as 12,000, the article outlined the situation for the publication's readership: Our expenses have been kept down to the lowest possible notch consistent with the high standards of the paper. Our paper has been purchased by
9095-695: The remains date back at least 8,000 years. Because of the significance of the site for Native American history, in December 2004, the graving dock project was abandoned. Many of the graves uncovered appeared to hold entire families, who seemed to have died suddenly. Archeologists speculate that this could have been the result of pandemics of smallpox and other infectious illnesses. These caused massive death tolls among Native American populations in 1780 and 1835, as they had no acquired immunity . Infectious diseases contracted from interactions with European fur traders are believed to have killed about 90 percent of
9202-567: The remnants of the American Railway Union headed by Eugene V. Debs , maintained an existence in the new state of Washington, with Washington Local Branch No. 1 established in the town of Palouse . Washington Local Branch No. 3, based in Seattle, was the most important of the fledgling local organizations in the state, holding Tuesday evening meetings at 1118 Third Avenue. The Seattle branch included both male and female members, including two women who played mandolin and guitar for
9309-654: The right thing to do." Willard went to Seattle to consult with SDA member J.B. Fowler, who pointed out the good harbors on southern Puget Sound . There they found Henry W. Stein, who was sympathetic to them politically and had just become the executor of land in rural Kitsap County that was open for sale. In September 1898 the SDA re-incorporated in Seattle as the Co-Operative Brotherhood and on October 18 they purchased 260 acres (1.1 km ) for $ 6,000. The first colonists arrived on October 20, 1898. By 1901
9416-526: The sale of stock in the project, and 25 full blocks of land on the Ennis Creek platted for future expansion of Port Angeles were purchased from a son of the town's founder. On January 1, 1887, 22 members of the new community were on the town site, a number which had swelled to 239 six months later. The aim of the community was to provide each newcomer with "shelter, food, and occupation", and by that summer rudimentary buildings sprung forth as members of
9523-483: The same time and place, a large pool of like-minded persons would be assured. However, the Populist convention proved to be a protracted and contentious affair, as the people were divided over the question of endorsement of Democrat William Jennings Bryan ; this absorbed the attention of Lermond, Maine's People's Party delegate. The BCC convention was effectively reduced to an announcement of candidates for officers and
9630-465: The sanctions against Locals Spokane and Northport, as the special organizer in charge of reestablishing the two groups. This action fulfilled the directive of the party referendums while at the same time attempting to subvert its intent, Titus charged. Jory declined to perform the reorganization demanded of him, however, forcing the Local Quorum to make another selection for the reorganization, that being J.H.C. Scurlock of Dupont, Idaho. As his anger with
9737-657: The seminary, Titus had spent over a decade as a Baptist preacher in Ithaca, New York and Newton, Massachusetts before leaving the church owing to feelings that it did not adequately represent the teachings of Jesus. Thereafter, Titus decided to become a medical doctor, enrolling in Harvard Medical School , from which he graduated in 1890. Upon graduation, Titus practiced medicine for two years in Newton before moving to Seattle in 1892, where he continued to work as
9844-585: The settlement of claims took nearly a decade. The last surviving member of the colony, C. S. Stakemiller, died in 1958. If the Puget Sound Cooperative Colony was a matter of local import, a somewhat later attempt at socialist colonization of Washington by the Brotherhood of the Cooperative Commonwealth drew national attention. As early as 1894 the idea had been floated among Eastern socialists that one possible means for achieving
9951-411: The simple and direct title The Socialist. He quickly became an aggressive opponent of the neo- Populist agrarian -oriented socialism professed by J.A. Wayland and his newspaper, The Appeal to Reason , and soon became a leading national voice for a more assertive " proletarian " orientation. Young enthusiasts gathered around Titus and his newspaper, with him continuing to play the role of leader of
10058-534: The sinking of the Brother Jonathan led to the loss of interest in the area. The Port of Entry was returned to Port Townsend and the area sank into obscurity until the 1880s. In 1884, a hotel was built and the trading post was expanded into the area's first general store. A wharf was soon built upon the site where the current ferry pier stands. A village of 300 in 1886, Port Angeles' population grew to 3,000 by 1890. Hundreds of its new residents were part of
10165-545: The ton so as to get low rates. The lowest bidders for our printing have always had the contract. Almost nothing has been paid for salaries, the three comrades who have worked in the office at times the last year getting only five dollars a week and a bed. Our high item of expense has been our cartoons.... We have had on our staff about all the successful cartoonists among the Socialists, and many of these have contributed their work without pay. But our engraving comes high and at
10272-544: The water as part of the Hood Canal Bridge east-half replacement project. It was intended to construct an area for anchoring pontoons for the bridge. During construction, human remains and artifacts were discovered. This site was found to be the "largest prehistoric Indian village and burial ground found in the United States," according to a senior archaeologist for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Seattle. The archeology site also included Native American burials of
10379-493: The way of fundamental change under the banner of the "new" party. By the end of 1902, the SPW consisted of approximately 45 locals and 1,000 members, and by the spring of 1904, a total of 55 locals had been established, with the largest of these, Seattle, incorporated into no fewer than 7 branches. The SPW's first plunge into electoral politics came in the fall of 1901, when two party members, medical doctor-turned-radical newspaper publisher Hermon Titus and John T. Oldman, ran for
10486-477: The well attended meetings each week. Under the constitution of the SDA, the various local branches of Washington state would have been organized under the aegis of a superior body called the "State Union," a sort of state executive committee including one representative from each local branch in Washington that would have met annually on the first Tuesday in May. By 1900, the Social Democratic Party of America (SDP)
10593-449: The winter, the city can be vulnerable to windstorms and Arctic cold fronts that sweep across the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Port Angeles receives about 4 in (10 cm) of snow each year, but it rarely stays on the ground for long. Port Angeles is also the location of the headquarters of Olympic National Park , which encompasses most of the Olympic Mountains. This park was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938, during
10700-433: Was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.79. The median age in the city was 41.6 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.4% were from 25 to 44; 28.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 18,397 people, 8,053 households, and 4,831 families residing in
10807-477: Was established in Washington, probably as a continuation of a previously existing Socialist Labor Party organization in the state. The Washington state organization was affiliated with the faction of the SDP based in Springfield, Massachusetts , a national organization which had sprung from those SLP dissidents who had seceded in 1899 over the issues of inner-party democracy and trade union tactics. In 1900,
10914-494: Was governed by a five-member State Executive Committee, with State Treasurer Ida W. Mudgett of Tacoma handling the distribution of membership cards and dues stamps. State Secretary was J.D. Curtis and State Organizer was Hermon F. Titus. The SDP boasted 32 locals in the state early in 1901. The SDP of Washington held a second (and final) state convention at party headquarters, located at 220 Union Street in Seattle, on Sunday June 30. Delegates were present representing 16 locals of
11021-432: Was made by the rival Chicago party to organize "loyal members," with the effort conducted by L.W. Kidd of Seattle, thereby establishing for a time parallel party organizations. A full slate of state candidates were put forward by the SDP in the fall of 1900, headed by Seattle carpenter W.C.B. Randolph for Governor and William Hogan of Equality Colony and Dr. Hermon F. Titus of Seattle for Congress . The SDP of Washington
11128-649: Was pulled by the organization by a vote of 164–87. Most locals were unanimous one way or the other on the question; the Finnish Branch of Local Seattle, half of Central Branch Seattle, Local Tacoma, and several Eastern Washington branches joined Local Spokane in its losing effort to avoid disestablishment. Similar action against "fusionism" was taken against Local Northport , a town located in Northeastern Washington, which likewise had its charter revoked for collaboration with another party during
11235-468: Was the first representative of the SPW to the National Committee of the Socialist Party of America; and David Burgess, an organizer in the early days of the party and later State Secretary of the organization. While supportive of the idea of socialists targeting a single state for colonization, Eugene Debs was also committed to building a political party. The scheduled June 1897 convention of
11342-651: Was the home of a number of utopian socialist experiments in the 19th century, beginning with the establishment of Puget Sound Cooperative Colony near Port Angeles in 1887. The project was established by Daniel Cronin, an organizer for the Knights of Labor , and George Venable Smith, an attorney – both new arrivals from California. Peter Peyto Good is also cited as a founder of the colony. Despite being progressive advocates of labor rights, Good and Smith were also instigators of anti-Chinese riots and they resented Chinese workers. One hundred thousand dollars were raised through
11449-506: Was the informal name of a group of buildings near the water. The colony subsisted on agriculture, fishing and logging; they also made income selling cigars, jam, subscriptions of its magazines, and membership in the B.C. It rented out use of its mill and rooms in its "Commonwealth Hotel" for visitors. The colony's newspaper, the Co-operator stayed in publication from December 1898 to June 1906. Originally an 8-page weekly, it changed to
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