A jazz club is a venue where the primary entertainment is the performance of live jazz music, although some jazz clubs primarily focus on the study and/or promotion of jazz-music. Jazz clubs are usually a type of nightclub or bar, which is licensed to sell alcoholic beverages. Jazz clubs were in large rooms in the eras of Orchestral jazz and big band jazz , when bands were large and often augmented by a string section . Large rooms were also more common in the Swing era, because at that time, jazz was popular as a dance music , so the dancers needed space to move. With the transition to 1940s-era styles like Bebop and later styles such as soul jazz , small combos of musicians such as quartets and trios were mostly used, and the music became more of a music to listen to, rather than a form of dance music. As a result, smaller clubs with small stages became practical.
55-573: The Blue Note Jazz Club is a jazz club and restaurant located at 131 West 3rd Street in Greenwich Village , New York City . The club's performance schedule features shows every evening at 8:00 pm and 10:30 pm and a Sunday jazz brunch. The club has locations across the globe in New York, NY ; Waikiki, Hawaii ; Napa, CA ; Tokyo, Japan ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; São Paulo, Brazil ; Milan, Italy ; Beijing and Shanghai, China. The club
110-415: A Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra , and Exsultate, jubilate , a de facto concerto for soprano voice. They all exploit and explore the characteristics of the solo instrument(s). Haydn wrote an important trumpet concerto and a Sinfonia Concertante for violin, cello, oboe and bassoon as well as two horn concertos. Haydn also wrote a concerto for double bass but has since been lost to history in
165-581: A cello concerto , a piano concerto and a double concerto for violin and cello ), Karol Szymanowski (two violin concertos and a "Symphonie Concertante" for piano), and Richard Strauss (two horn concertos, a violin concerto, Don Quixote —a tone poem that features the cello as a soloist—and among later works, an oboe concerto ). However, in the first decades of the 20th century, several composers such as Debussy , Schoenberg , Berg , Hindemith , Stravinsky , Prokofiev and Bartók started experimenting with ideas that were to have far-reaching consequences for
220-439: A cover charge if a live band is playing. Some jazz clubs host " jam sessions " after hours or on early evenings of the week. At jam sessions, both professional musicians and amateurs will typically share the stage. In the 19th century, before the birth of jazz, popular forms of live music for most well-to-do white Americans included classical concert music, such as concerti and symphonies , music played at performances, such as
275-566: A woodwind instrument , and concerti grossi for a group of soloists. The first keyboard concertos , such as George Frideric Handel 's organ concertos and Johann Sebastian Bach 's harpsichord concertos , were written around the same time. In the second half of the 18th century, the piano became the most used keyboard instrument , and composers of the Classical Era such as Joseph Haydn , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven each wrote several piano concertos , and, to
330-422: A child, made arrangements for keyboard and orchestra of four sonatas by now little-known composers. Then he arranged three sonata movements by Johann Christian Bach . By the time he was twenty, Mozart was able to write concerto ritornelli that gave the orchestra admirable opportunity for asserting its character in an exposition with some five or six sharply contrasted themes, before the soloist enters to elaborate on
385-447: A concerto for a rock band . Concertos from previous ages have remained a conspicuous part of the repertoire for concert performances and recordings. Less common has been the previously common practice of the composition of concertos by a performer to be performed personally, though the practice has continued via certain composer-performers such as Daniil Trifonov . The Italian word concerto , meaning accord or gathering, derives from
440-484: A concerto for wordless coloratura soprano by Reinhold Glière . As a result, almost all classical instruments now have a concertante repertoire. Among the works of the prolific composer Alan Hovhaness may be noted Prayer of St. Gregory for trumpet and strings, though it is not a concerto in the usual sense of the term. In the later 20th century the concerto tradition was continued by composers such as Maxwell Davies , whose series of Strathclyde Concertos exploit some of
495-542: A culture based around informal music performances, such as brass band performances at funerals, music sung in church and music played for families eating picnics in parks. African-American culture developed communal activities for informal sharing, such as Saturday night fish fries, Sunday camping along the shores of Lake Pontchartrain at Milneburg and Bucktown, making red beans and rice banquettes on Mondays, and holding nightly dances at neighborhood halls all over town. This long and deep commitment to music and dance, along with
550-509: A full concerto, though the distinction has never been formalised and many Concertinos are still longer than the original Baroque concertos. During the Romantic era the cello became increasingly used as a concerto instrument; though the violin and piano remained the most frequently used. Beethoven contributed to the repertoire of concertos for more than one soloist with a Triple Concerto for piano, violin, cello and orchestra while later in
605-404: A genre of vocal music in the late 16th century: the instrumental variant appeared around a century later, when Italians such as Giuseppe Torelli and Arcangelo Corelli started to publish their concertos. A few decades later, Venetian composers, such as Antonio Vivaldi , had written hundreds of violin concertos , while also producing solo concertos for other instruments such as a cello or
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#1732780526709660-482: A lesser extent, violin concertos, and concertos for other instruments. In the Romantic Era , many composers, including Niccolò Paganini , Felix Mendelssohn , Frédéric Chopin , Robert Schumann , Johannes Brahms , Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff , continued to write solo concertos, and, more exceptionally, concertos for more than one instrument; 19th century concertos for instruments other than
715-668: A neoclassical rejection of specific features which typically characterized the concerto form during the Baroque or Romantic periods. Several of them achieved this objective by incorporating various musical elements from the realm of jazz within the structure of the concerto. Included in this group were: Aaron Copland ( Concerto for Piano , 1926), Maurice Ravel ( Concerto for the Left Hand , 1929), Igor Stravinsky ( Ebony Concerto for clarinet and jazz band, 1945) and George Gershwin ( Concerto in F , 1925). Still others called upon
770-410: A steadier "funk" style groove, which was different from the swing rhythms typical of much hard bop. Soul Jazz proved to be a boon to Jazz clubs, because since organ trios were based around the powerful Hammond organ , a three-piece organ trio could fill a nightclub with the same full sound that in previous years would have required a five- or six-piece band. The 1980s saw something of a reaction against
825-509: Is linked by the twelve-tone serial method. In the 20th century, particularly after the Second World War, the cello enjoyed an unprecedented popularity. As a result, its concertante repertoire caught up with those of the piano and the violin both in terms of quantity and quality. The 20th century also witnessed a growth of the concertante repertoire of instruments, some of which had seldom or never been used in this capacity, and even
880-675: Is the Blue Note's live record label, founded in 2001. Numerous musicians have recorded live albums at the Blue Note and released them on this label, including James Carter , Avishai Cohen , Elvin Jones , Odean Pope , Charles Tolliver , Jeff "Tain" Watts , Kenny Werner , Arturo Sandoval , Kenny Garrett and others. Since its founding in 1998, the label has also expanded its scope to include studio releases, including McCoy Tyner 's 2008 album Guitars and Kenny Werner's 2010 release, No Beginning, No End . Blue Note Entertainment Group hosted
935-583: Is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre , which originated in African-American communities of primarily the " Deep South " of the United States at the end of the 19th century from their spirituals , work songs , field hollers , shouts and chants and rhymed simple narrative ballads . The music of New Orleans had a profound effect on the creation of early jazz. Many early jazz performers played in venues throughout
990-456: The Jazz Age were keen on the sound of jazz music, and especially of jazz clubs. By the advent of the 20th century, campaigns to censor the "devil's music" started to appear, prohibiting when and where jazz clubs could be built. For example, a Cincinnati home for expectant mothers won an injunction to prevent construction of a neighboring theater where jazz will be played, convincing a court that
1045-543: The Modern Jazz Quartet among prestigious regular performers there. Bensusan booked Ray Charles for a full week every year. The Blue Note is still considered one of the world's most famous jazz venues and one of the best known and most expensive in New York. Chick Corea , Keith Jarrett , Oscar Peterson , Dizzy Gillespie , and James Carter have all recorded live albums at the Blue Note. Half Note Records
1100-514: The Sinfonia Concertante for violin, viola, and orchestra. Beethoven wrote only one violin concerto that remained obscure until revealed as a masterpiece in a performance by violin virtuoso Joseph Joachim on 27 May 1844. C.P.E. Bach's keyboard concertos contain some virtuosic solo writing. Some of them have movements that run into one another without a break, and there are frequent cross-movement thematic references. Mozart, as
1155-411: The double bass (by composers like Eduard Tubin or Peter Maxwell Davies ) and cor anglais (like those by MacMillan and Aaron Jay Kernis ), but also folk instruments (such as Tubin's concerto for Balalaika , Serry 's Concerto in C Major for Bassetti Accordion , or the concertos for Harmonica by Villa-Lobos and Malcolm Arnold ), and even Deep Purple 's Concerto for Group and Orchestra ,
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#17327805267091210-413: The opera and the ballet , and ballroom music. For these people, going out was a formal occasion, and the music was treated as something to listen to (if at the symphony or the opera house), or dance reservedly to (if at a ball). During the same century, African-American communities were marginalized from an economic perspective. But despite this lack of material wealth, they had thriving community and
1265-833: The ripieno , functioning as a continuo keyboard accompaniment. Later, the concerto approached its modern form, in which the concertino usually reduces to a single solo instrument playing with (or against) an orchestra. The main composers of concertos of the baroque were Tommaso Albinoni , Antonio Vivaldi (e.g., published in L'estro armonico , La stravaganza , Six Violin Concertos, Op. 6 , Twelve Concertos, Op. 7 , Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione , Six Flute Concertos, Op. 10 , Six Concertos, Op. 11 and Six Violin Concertos, Op. 12 ), Georg Philipp Telemann , Johann Sebastian Bach , George Frideric Handel , Pietro Locatelli , Jean-Marie Leclair , Giuseppe Tartini , Francesco Geminiani and Johann Joachim Quantz . The concerto
1320-507: The 1930s heyday of the Cotton Club . Soul Jazz was a development of hard bop which incorporated strong influences from blues , gospel and rhythm and blues to create music for small groups, often the organ trio of Hammond organ , drummer and tenor saxophonist. Unlike hard bop , soul Jazz generally emphasized repetitive grooves and melodic hooks, and improvisations were often less complex than in other Jazz styles. It often had
1375-452: The 19th century such as the clarinet , viola and French horn . In the second half of the 20th century and onwards into the 21st a great many composers have continued to write concertos, including Alfred Schnittke , György Ligeti , Dimitri Shostakovich , Philip Glass and James MacMillan among many others. An interesting feature of this period is the proliferation of concerti for less usual instruments, including orchestral ones such as
1430-443: The 2000s, jazz clubs may be found in the basements of larger residential buildings , in storefront locations or in the upper floors of retail businesses. They can be rather small compared to other music venues, such as rock music clubs, reflecting the intimate atmosphere of jazz shows and long-term decline in popular interest in jazz. Despite being called " clubs ", these venues are usually not exclusive. Some clubs, however, have
1485-460: The Baroque period, before the invention of the piano, keyboard concertos were comparatively rare, with the exception of the organ and some harpsichord concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach . The concertos of the sons of Johann Sebastian Bach , such as C. P. E. Bach , are perhaps the best links between those of the Baroque period and those of the Classical era. It is conventional to state that
1540-546: The Caribbean. African-based rhythmic patterns were retained in the United States in large part through "body rhythms" such as stomping, clapping, and patting juba . In the post-Civil War period (after 1865), African Americans were able to obtain surplus military bass drums, snare drums and fifes, and an original African-American drum and fife music emerged, featuring tresillo and related syncopated rhythmic figures. The abolition of slavery in 1865 led to new opportunities for
1595-605: The Central Avenue zone of Los Angeles are often cited as the key nurturing places of jazz. The African musical traditions primarily made use of a single-line melody and call-and-response pattern, and the rhythms have a counter-metric structure and reflect African speech patterns. Lavish festivals featuring African-based dances to drums were organized on Sundays at Place Congo , or Congo Square , in New Orleans until 1843. Another influence on black music came from
1650-483: The Italian plural) is, from the late Baroque era , mostly understood as an instrumental composition, written for one or more soloists accompanied by an orchestra or other ensemble . The typical three(music)|movement]] structure, a slow movement (e.g., lento or adagio ) preceded and followed by fast movements (e.g., presto or allegro ), became a standard from the early 18th century. The concerto originated as
1705-512: The Latin verb concertare , which indicates a competition or battle. Compositions were for the first time indicated as concertos in the title of a music print when the Concerti by Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli [ scores ] were published in 1587. In the 17th century, sacred works for voices and orchestra were typically called concertos, as reflected by J. S. Bach 's usage of
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1760-464: The century, Brahms wrote a Double Concerto for violin, cello and orchestra. Many of the concertos written in the early 20th century belong more to the late Romantic school, hence modernistic movement. Masterpieces were written by Edward Elgar (a violin concerto and a cello concerto), Sergei Rachmaninoff and Nikolai Medtner (four and three piano concertos, respectively), Jean Sibelius (a violin concerto), Frederick Delius (a violin concerto,
1815-591: The city, such as the brothels and bars of the red-light district around Basin Street , known as " Storyville ". In addition to dance bands, there were numerous marching bands who played at lavish funerals (later called jazz funerals ), which were arranged by the African-American and European American communities. The instruments used in marching bands and dance bands became the basic instruments of jazz. Despite its growing popularity, not all who lived in
1870-464: The clubs where it is performed in these countries provide meeting places for political dissidents , however, attendance of these clubs is minuscule compared to the popularity of jazz clubs during the Jazz Age . Known as the "birthplace of jazz," New Orleans is home to some of the oldest and most famous jazz clubs in the United States, including: Concerto A concerto ( / k ə n ˈ tʃ ɛər t oʊ / ; plural concertos , or concerti from
1925-692: The concerto as a musical form. Beside more or less radical effects on musical language, they led to a redefinition of the concept of virtuosity that included new and extended instrumental techniques and a focus on previously neglected aspects of sound such as pitch , timbre and dynamics . In some cases, they also brought about a new approach to the role of soloists and their relation to the orchestra. Two great innovators of early 20th-century music, Schoenberg and Stravinsky , both wrote violin concertos. The material in Schoenberg's concerto, like that in Berg's ,
1980-401: The education of freed African Americans. Although strict segregation limited employment opportunities for most blacks, many were able to find work in entertainment. Black musicians were able to provide entertainment in dances, minstrel shows , and in vaudeville , during which time many marching bands were formed. Black pianists played in bars, clubs and brothels, as ragtime developed. Blues
2035-536: The first movements of concertos from the Classical period onwards follow the structure of sonata form . Final movements are often in rondo form, as in J.S. Bach's E Major Violin Concerto . Mozart wrote five violin concertos, all in 1775. They show a number of influences, notably Italian and Austrian . Several passages have leanings towards folk music , as manifested in Austrian serenades . Mozart also wrote
2090-437: The fusion and free jazz that had dominated the 1970s. Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis emerged early in the decade, and strove to create music within what he believed was the tradition, rejecting both fusion and free jazz and creating extensions of the small and large forms initially pioneered by such artists as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington , as well as the hard bop of the 1950s. Whether Marsalis' critical and commercial success
2145-569: The great fire of Esterhaza in 1779. In the 19th century, the concerto as a vehicle for virtuosic display flourished, and concertos became increasingly complex and ambitious works. Whilst performances of typical concertos in the baroque era lasted about ten minutes, those by Beethoven could last half an hour or longer. The term concertino (composition) , or the German Konzertstuck ("Concert Piece") began to be used to designate smaller pieces not considered large enough to be considered
2200-723: The inaugural Blue Note Jazz Festival in New York City in June 2011, with more than 80 performances in 15 venues throughout New York City. The annual, month-long event features artists who have been integral to the club's history, including Chris Botti , Dave Brubeck , McCoy Tyner , Nancy Wilson , and many others. In 2023, the festival featured headliners such as Grace Jones , NxWorries, Robert Glasper , Pat Metheny , Buddy Guy , Bruce Hornsby & The Noisemakers and Chucho Valdés & Paquito D'Rivera. Blue Note Jazz Festival expanded to Napa Valley in 2022. Jazz club In
2255-846: The instruments less familiar as soloists. In addition, the 20th century gave rise to several composers who experimented further by showcasing a variety of nontraditional orchestral instruments within the center of the orthodox concerto form. Included within this group are: Paul Hindemith ( Concerto for Trautonium and String Orchestra in 1931), Andre Jolivet ( Concerto of Ondes Martenot in 1947), Heitor Villa-Lobos ( Concerto for Harmonica in 1956), John Serry Sr. ( Concerto in C Major for Bassetti Accordion in 1966), Astor Piazzolla ( Concerto for Bandoneon , String Orchestra and Percussion , "Aconcagua" in 1979), Peter Maxwell Davies ( Concerto for Piccolo and Orchestra, Op. 182 in 1996), and Tan Dun ( Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra in 1998) Other composers of this era adopted
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2310-430: The material. Of his 27 piano concertos , the last 22 are highly appreciated. A dozen cataloged keyboard concertos are attributed to Haydn, of which only three or four are considered genuine. C. P. E. Bach wrote five flute concertos and two oboe concertos. Mozart wrote five horn concertos, with two for flute, oboe (later rearranged for flute and known as Flute Concerto No. 2), clarinet , and bassoon , four for horn ,
2365-505: The mixing of musical traditions like spiritual music from the church, the blues carried into town by rural guitar slingers, the minstrel shows inspired by plantation life, the beat and cadence of military marching bands and the syncopation of the ragtime piano , led to the creation of a new way to listen to live music. In the jazz history books, places such as New Orleans, Chicago, Harlem, Kansas City, U Street in Washington D.C., and
2420-410: The music was dangerous to fetuses. By the end of the 1920s, at least 60 communities across the nation enacted laws prohibiting jazz in public dance halls. Prohibition in 1920 fostered the emergence of the underground, gangster-run jazz clubs. These venues served alcohol, hired black musicians, and allowed whites, blacks and audiences of all social classes to mingle socially for the first time. Although
2475-511: The orchestra itself to function as the primary virtuosic force within the concerto form. This approach was adopted by Bela Bartok in his Concerto for Orchestra as well by other composers of the period including: Walter Piston (1933), Zoltan Kodaly (1939), Michael Tippet (1962) and Elliott Carter (1969). Concertos with concert band include: 20th century: Baroque era: 20th century: Baroque era: 20th century: Baroque era: Classical era: Early Romantic traits can be found in
2530-490: The piano, violin and cello remained comparatively rare however. In the first half of the 20th century, concertos were written by, among others, Maurice Ravel , Edward Elgar , Richard Strauss , Sergei Prokofiev , George Gershwin , Heitor Villa-Lobos , Joaquín Rodrigo and Béla Bartók , the latter also composing a concerto for orchestra , that is without soloist. During the 20th century concertos appeared by major composers for orchestral instruments which had been neglected in
2585-517: The style of hymns of the church, which black slaves had learned and incorporated into their own music as spirituals . During the early 19th century an increasing number of black musicians learned to play European instruments. The " Black Codes " outlawed drumming by slaves, which meant that African drumming traditions were not preserved in North America, unlike in Cuba, Haiti, and elsewhere in
2640-516: The title "concerto" for many of the works that we know as cantatas . The term "concerto" was initially used to denote works that involved voices and instruments in which the instruments had independent parts—as opposed to the Renaissance common practice in which instruments that accompanied voices only doubled the voice parts. Examples of this earlier form of concerto include Giovanni Gabrieli 's "In Ecclesiis" or Heinrich Schütz 's "Saul, Saul,
2695-495: The underground jazz clubs encouraged the intermingling of races in the Jazz Age, there were other jazz clubs, such as the Cotton Club in New York, that were white-only. By the 1940s, jazz music as a form of popular music was on the decline, and so was the popularity of jazz clubs. In the early 1940s, bebop-style performers began to shift jazz from danceable popular music towards a more challenging "musician's music." Since bebop
2750-404: The way music is written and, in some cases, performed. Some of these innovations include a more frequent use of modality , the exploration of non-western scales , the development of atonality and neotonality , the wider acceptance of dissonances , the invention of the twelve-tone technique of composition and the use of polyrhythms and complex time signatures . These changes also affected
2805-400: Was a cause or a symptom of the reaction against Fusion and Free Jazz and the resurgence of interest in the kind of jazz pioneered in the 1960s (particularly Modal Jazz and Post-Bop ) is debatable; nonetheless there were many other manifestations of a resurgence of traditionalism, even if fusion and free jazz were by no means abandoned and continued to develop and evolve. Well into the 1980s,
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#17327805267092860-437: Was intended as a composition typical of the Italian style of the time, and all the composers were studying how to compose in the Italian fashion ( all'Italiana ). The Baroque concerto was mainly for a string instrument ( violin , viola , cello , seldom viola d'amore or harp ) or a wind instrument ( flute , recorder , oboe , bassoon , horn , or trumpet ,). Bach also wrote a concerto for two violins and orchestra. During
2915-452: Was meant to be listened to, not danced to, it could use faster tempos. Drumming shifted to a more elusive and explosive style and highly syncopated music. While bebop did not draw the huge crowds that had once flocked to Swing-era dance clubs, the bebop style was based around small combos such as the jazz quartet . With these smaller combos on stage, smaller clubs could afford to pay the ensembles even with much smaller clubs than were common in
2970-530: Was opened on September 30, 1981, by owner and founder Danny Bensusan, with the Nat Adderley Quintet being the featured performers for the night. Bensusan's belief was "that if he brought big acts into a comfortable environment with great food, he could pack the house night after night." The Blue Note was soon established as New York City's premier jazz club, with Dizzy Gillespie , Sarah Vaughan , Carmen McRae , Lionel Hampton , Oscar Peterson and
3025-451: Was verfolgst du mich". The concerto began to take its modern shape in the late- Baroque period, beginning with the concerto grosso form developed by Arcangelo Corelli . Corelli's concertino group was two violins, a cello and basso continuo. In J. S. Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto , for example, the concertino is a flute, a violin, and a harpsichord; although the harpsichord is a featured solo instrument, it also sometimes plays with
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