Our Lady of Sorrows ( Latin : Beata Maria Virgo Perdolens ), Our Lady of Dolours , the Sorrowful Mother or Mother of Sorrows (Latin: Mater Dolorosa ), and Our Lady of Piety , Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows or Our Lady of the Seven Dolours are names by which Mary, mother of Jesus , is referred to in relation to sorrows in life. As Mater Dolorosa , it is also a key subject for Marian art in the Catholic Church .
41-683: Scapulars are devotional objects in Christian worship. Black Scapular may refer to: Black Scapular of the Passion Scapular of the Seven Sorrows of Mary See also [ edit ] Scapular of Saint Michael the Archangel , a scapular that is both blue and black. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
82-642: A chaplet of seven septets of beads, upon which is said an Ave , ( Hail Mary ), separated by one bead, on which is prayed a Pater Noster (the Lord's Prayer, or Our Father). Meditations for each dolor were composed by Pope Pius VII in 1818. The Black Scapular is a symbol of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Sorrows, which is associated with the Servite Order . Most devotional scapulars have requirements regarding ornamentation or design. The devotion of
123-519: Is required to honour them, together with the founder, Paul of the Cross, and the other saints of the congregation, whose feasts they celebrate in community. On 11 June 1741, they first affixed the emblem or "sign" of the Passion (Jesu XPI Passio) on their black tunics. The professed renewed their vows, and the new members pronounced their first vows. "We seek the unity of our lives and our apostolate in
164-787: The Congregation for Indulgences in 1877. The Superior-General of the Passionists communicates to other priests the faculty to bless and invest with the scapular. Canonised members of the Congregation Beatified members of the Congregation In addition, the causes for the canonization of Carl Schmitz, Ignatius Spencer , Theodore Foley , Sr. Carmelina Tarantino della Croce and Elizabeth Prout have been opened. The Passionist Sisters (the Sisters of
205-589: The Mediterranean . In 1233, seven youths in Tuscany founded the Servite Order (also known as the "Servite Friars", or the "Order of the Servants of Mary"). Later in 1239, they took up the sorrows of Mary, standing under the Cross, as the principal devotion of their order. That year, according to Alphonsus Liguori in his book The Glories of Mary , Mary appeared to the seven founders presenting them
246-584: The Servites . Pope Innocent XII renamed it the Feast of Our Lady of Sorrows . Pope Pius VII introduced it into the General Roman Calendar in 1814. In 1913, Pope Pius X , in view of his reform giving precedence to Sundays over ordinary feasts, moved this feast to September 15, the day after the Feast of the Cross . It is still observed on that date. Since there were thus two feasts with
287-577: The Basilica of Saints John and Paul, and the General Headquarters also hosts an international house of studies for Passionists from around the world. Passionist Monasteries are correctly referred to as "Retreats". The members of the congregation are not allowed to possess land, and the congregation collectively can only own the community house and a bit of land attached to it. They rely completely on their own labor and on contributions from
328-635: The Black Scapular requires only that it be made of black woollen cloth. Over the centuries several other devotions, and even orders, arose around meditation on Mary's Sorrows in particular. Related to this devotion is the Stabat Mater , a hymn composed in honor of the sufferings of Mary during the Crucifixion, generally attributed to Jacopone da Todi (1230-1306). During the 17th century, Alphonsus Liguori, later proclaimed Doctor of
369-529: The Church , dedicated a whole chapter of his famous book The Glories of Mary to the seven dolors of Mary, and wrote reflections on each of the seven dolors. In this chapter, he also relates four promises made by Jesus to Mary for those who were devoted to her seven sorrows. These promises were reportedly revealed to Elizabeth of Hungary (1207-1231). From the National Shrine of Saint Peregrine spread
410-523: The Cross and Passion ) is an institute founded in 1852 by Father Gaudentius Rossi, an early Passionist priest, in collaboration with Elizabeth Prout. In its beginnings, it was called " Sisters of the Holy Family", and was later included under the Passionist family. Due to their separate raisings guided by members of the congregation, Maria Goretti and Gemma Galgani are traditionally counted in
451-530: The Cross, they were founded in order to "teach people how to pray", which they do through activities such as retreats and missions, spiritual direction, and prayer groups. Today they often also assist local churches in pastoral works, including saying masses, hearing confessions, and visiting the sick. Due to the continuing shortage of priests throughout the world, the Passionists today are sometimes designated as parish priests and curates of various parishes. The Passionists hold many retreat and conference centers around
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#1732773408704492-531: The Passion The Passionists , officially named the Congregation of the Passion of Jesus Christ ( Latin : Congregatio Passionis Iesu Christi ), abbreviated CP , are a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men, founded by Paul of the Cross in 1720, with a special emphasis on and devotion to the Passion of Jesus Christ . A known symbol of the congregation is
533-483: The Passion of Jesus." The Passionate express their participation in the Passion by a special vow, by which they bind themselves to keep alive the memory of the Passion of Christ. They strive to foster awareness of its meaning and value for each person and for the life of the world. They seek to incorporate this vow into our daily lives by living the evangelical counsels . Traditionally, their main apostolate has been preaching missions and retreats . According to Paul of
574-565: The Passionists. The tradition of the Passionists holds that in 1720 before Paul of the Cross founded the Congregation of the Passionists he had a Marian apparition during which was revealed the black habit of the order with the badge on the chest. Pope Pius IX approved of this Scapular by a Brief dated June 24, 1864. Thereafter, the Passionist Fathers established the "Confraternity of the Passion of Jesus Christ", and gave
615-834: The Sorrowful Mother Novena, the core of which is the Via Matris. The core of the prayers in the novena is the Via Matris . On February 2, the same day as the Great Feast of the Meeting of the Lord , Orthodox Christians and Eastern Catholics commemorate a wonder-working icon of the Theotokos ( Mother of God ) known as "the Softening of Evil Hearts" or "Simeon's Prophecy". It depicts Mary at
656-669: The black "garment of mourning" that they would wear, telling them that they should often meditate upon her dolors. This Order greatly contributed to the spread of the devotion to Our Lady of Sorrows. The Servites developed the three most common devotions to Our Lady's Sorrows, namely the Rosary of the Seven Sorrows , the Black Scapular of the Seven Dolours of Mary and the Novena to Our Sorrowful Mother. The rosary consists of
697-465: The entire Latin Church, under the title "Septem dolorum B.M.V.". In 1954, it still held the rank of major double (slightly lower than the rank of the September feast) in the General Roman Calendar . Pope John XXIII 's 1960 Code of Rubrics reduced it to the level of a commemoration . In 1668, a separate feast of the Seven Sorrows of Mary, celebrated on the third Sunday in September, was granted to
738-647: The exception than the rule. The Passionists are involved in social welfare projects and education mainly in the various mission territories assigned to them. Though Passionists are not required to work in non-Christian areas as missionaries, their Rule allows its members to be posted to missionary work, such as in mainland China (before the Communists took over in 1949), India, and Japan, and in many other nations in Africa, Asia, Latin America and elsewhere as dictated by
779-401: The faithful to maintain themselves financially. The habit worn by members is a black rough woolen tunic and mantle bearing the words "Jesu XPI Passio", meaning "Passion of Jesus Christ", and the congregation was historically discalced , wearing sandals rather than shoes. With regard to Popular Piety, the Congregation is also known for promoting devotion to the Passion among the faithful through
820-455: The faithful who wished to associate themselves more closely with their order a black scapular in honor of the Passion of Christ . No special practice besides wearing the Scapular and leading a good Christian life is obligatory in order to participate in the privileges of the confraternity. The small scapular has a replica of the badge of the Passionists. It is made of black cloth, having on
861-652: The feast was officially placed in the Roman Missal under the title of Our Lady of Compassion , highlighting the great love our Blessed Mother displayed in suffering with her Son. The word compassion derives from the Latin roots cum and patior which means "to suffer with". After 1600 it became popular in France and was set for the Friday before Palm Sunday. By a Decree of 22 April 1727, Pope Benedict XIII extended it to
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#1732773408704902-497: The front the figure of a Heart surmounted by a White Cross and bears the words "Jesu XPI Passio sit semper in cordibus nostris" (May the passion of Jesus Christ always be in our hearts). The other portion of the scapular hanging at the back, may consist simply of a small segment of black cloth, but at times has an image of the Crucifixion of Christ . Various other indulgences for the faithful who wear this scapular were approved by
943-731: The hearts of evil men!" is also used. In the Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Church , the feast of Our Lady of Sorrows is celebrated on the Friday before Palm Sunday and as a separate feast on September 15. The Five Lances (Latin: Quinque Lanceis ) of the Immaculate Heart of Mary refer to events, that according to St. Bridget , were revealed by the Blessed Virgin Mary as having pierced her heart, while she
984-530: The labeled emblem of the Sacred Heart of Jesus , surmounted by a cross. This symbol is often sewn into the attire of its congregants. Paul of the Cross , who was born in 1694 in Ovada , wrote the rules of the Congregation between 22 November 1720 and 1 January 1721. On 7 June 1725, Pope Benedict XIII granted Paul permission to form his congregation. Paul and his brother, John Baptist Danei, were ordained by
1025-453: The life of Mary that are a popular devotion and are frequently depicted in art. These Seven Sorrows should not be confused with the five Sorrowful Mysteries of the Rosary . Traditionally, the Seven Sorrows are (with some variations, using nearby episodes) : The Catholic devotion to Our Lady of Sorrows started to develop around the end of the 11th century, particularly in areas around
1066-530: The moment that Simeon the Righteous says, "Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also...." ( Luke 2:35 ). She stands with her hands upraised in prayer, and seven swords pierce her heart, indicative of the seven sorrows. This is one of the few Orthodox icons of the Theotokos which do not depict the infant Jesus . The refrain "Rejoice, much-sorrowing Mother of God, turn our sorrows into joy and soften
1107-490: The pope on the same occasion. After serving for a time in the hospital for skin diseases of St. Gallicano, in 1737 they left Rome with permission of the Pope and went to Mount Argentario, where they established the first house of the institute. They took up their abode in a small hermitage near the summit of the mount, to which was attached a chapel dedicated to Saint Anthony. They were soon joined by three companions, one of whom
1148-454: The pope or at the invitation of a local Bishop. As of 2014 there were 2,179 Passionists in 61 countries on the five continents, led by a superior general who is elected every six years. He is assisted by six consultors in governing the congregation. The congregation is divided into provinces, vice-provinces and missions. The Congregation is also divided into groups of provinces, vice-provinces and missions called configurations. The presidents of
1189-824: The prophecy of Simeon in Luke 2 :34–35. Pious practices in reference to this title include the Chaplet of the Seven Sorrows , the Seven Principal Dolors of the Blessed Virgin , the Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary , and the Via Matris . The feast of Our Lady of Sorrows is liturgically celebrated every 15 September, while a feast, the Friday of Sorrows is observed in some Catholic countries . The Seven Sorrows (or Dolors/dolours ) are events in
1230-538: The ranks of the Passionist Sisters, even though they died before they could formally enter the institute (Maria was murdered, Gemma died of tuberculosis). Our Lady of Sorrows The Seven Sorrows of Mary are a popular religious theme and a Catholic devotion . In common imagery, the Virgin Mary is portrayed sorrowful and in tears, with one or seven swords piercing her heart, iconography based on
1271-603: The same title, on each of which the Stabat Mater sequence was recited, the Passion Week celebration was removed from the General Roman Calendar in 1969 as a duplicate of the September feast. Each of the two celebrations had been called a feast of "The Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary" (Latin: Septem Dolorum Beatae Mariae Virginis ). Recitation of the Stabat Mater was made optional. On
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1312-537: The second Sunday of September, the congregation of Maria SS. Addolorata in the Carroll Gardens neighborhood of Brooklyn, hold an annual procession with a statue of Our Lady of Sorrows. The tradition started in the 1940s with Italian immigrants from Mola di Bari celebrating the Feast of their hometown patroness, Our Lady of Sorrows. Our Lady of Sorrows, depicted as " Mater Dolorosa " (Mother of Sorrows) has been
1353-608: The six configurations constitute the Extended General Council which meets with the Superior General and his consultors annually. There are six configurations in the world: The official name of the institute is "The Congregation of the Passion of Jesus Christ". The superior general resides in Rome (Piazza Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, 13, 00184 Roma; tel. 06 772711). The founder is buried in a chapel attached to
1394-501: The subject of some key works of Catholic Marian art . Mater Dolorosa is one of the three common artistic representations of a sorrowful Virgin Mary, the other two being Stabat Mater and the Pietà . In this iconography , Our Lady of Seven Sorrows is at times simply represented in a sad and anguished mode by herself, her expression being that of tears and sadness. In other representations
1435-462: The title Black Scapular . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Scapular&oldid=1081671940 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Black Scapular of
1476-548: The two. Its founder had attempted to combine aspects of the contemplative orders, such as the Trappist monks, together with the dynamic orders, such as the Jesuits . Both the members and the works of the congregation are entrusted to the protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Sorrows , as patroness of the congregation, with Saint Michael and Saint Joseph as co patrons. Every Passionist religious
1517-563: The use of "Black Scapular of the Passion" usually worn by aspirants to the Passionist way of life. Different devotional practices such as Devotion to the Five Wounds of Christ , The Seven Sorrows of The Blessed Virgin Mary , Stations of the Cross and various forms of the Office in honour of the Passion are still widely promoted among its members. The "Black Scapular of the Passion" is a Roman Catholic devotional scapular associated with
1558-627: The world. Unlike the La Sallians or the Gabrielites , Passionists do not usually open schools and universities, except seminaries for their own students wishing to become brothers and priests. There are some schools sponsored and run by the Passionists, like the St. Gemma Galgani School, (which includes primary, junior high and high school-level education) in Santiago (Chile), but these are more
1599-516: Was a priest, and the observance of community life according to the rules began there and is continued there to the present day. Paul of the Cross and his companions – now totalling six priests and two brothers – began a retreat. In 1769, Clement XIV granted full rights to the Passionists as enjoyed by the other religious institutes , making them not an order but a congregation . The congregation historically has had two primary goals: Preaching Missions and contemplative life, with an attempt to blend
1640-434: Was originated by a provincial synod of Cologne in 1423. It was designated for the Friday after the third Sunday after Easter and had the title: Commemoratio angustiae et doloris B. Mariae V . Its object was the sorrow of Mary during the Crucifixion and Death of Christ. Before the sixteenth century this feast was limited to the dioceses of North Germany, Scandinavia, and Scotland. According to Fr. William Saunders, "in 1482,
1681-589: Was standing by the Cross . These are not the same as the five sorrowful mysteries of the Rosary. According to St. Bridget, Mary stated that the Five Lances were: The Feast of Our Lady of Sorrows grew in popularity in the 12th century, although under various titles. Some writings would place its roots in the eleventh century, especially among the Benedictine monks. The feast of the Our Lady of Sorrows