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41-950: Despite its name, the Black Russian Terrier is not a true terrier : it is believed that about seventeen breeds were used in its development, including the Airedale Terrier , the Giant Schnauzer , the Rottweiler , the Newfoundland , the Caucasian Shepherd Dog , the South Russian Shepherd Dog and other breeds. The Black Russian Terrier was developed in the former USSR in Red Star (Krasnaya Zvezda) Kennel by

82-464: A Black Russian Terrier should be slightly longer than tall, a ratio of 9 ½ to 10 being ideal. The Black Russian Terrier, because of its breeding as a working dog, has a very strong "work ethic", and needs a job to do in order to be happy. Early training is a must and they are very responsive to firm, consistent training, excelling at obedience competitions. They also perform well in other dog sports, such as agility , and Schutzhund training. They have

123-484: A UD title on the dog with whom they are competing. The "Utility B" division is for competitors who have earned an OTCh title on any dog, and those dogs who already have earned their UD title. Utility Class involves six exercises: 1st Exercise is called the Signal Exercise. The handler must give a signal (non-verbal) to the dog "to heel" as the judge gives a heeling pattern. At the end of the heeling pattern,

164-499: A beard and eyebrows on the face, and a slight mane around the withers and neck that is more pronounced in males. The coat is low-shedding and the colour is black or black with some scattered gray hairs. According to the FCI standard the male stands 72 to 76 cm and not more than 78 cm at the withers compared to the female's 68–72 cm and not more than 74 cm. The male weighs between 50 and 60 kg (110 and 130 lb), and

205-467: A dog earns a title, an abbreviation is permanently affixed as either a prefix or suffix to the dog's registered name. The titles given by various organizations do vary, but most are similar to "CD" (Companion Dog), "CDX" (Companion Dog Excellent), "UD" (Utility Dog), "UDX" (Utility Dog Excellent), and "OTCh" (Obedience Trial Champion). The following explanation applies to AKC competition, but also generally applies to other organizations as well. Information

246-561: A low-shedding coat, and need grooming several times a week. Dogs who compete in conformation need to be groomed a minimum of every three weeks to keep the coat in show condition. This breed forms a strong bond with a single person and will not thrive if sent to boarding facilities. The young Black Russian Terrier should not be forced to exercise as a pup and tend to sleep the majority of the day because they grow so quickly [around 1 kg per week], they may become hyperactive and destructive when older if not provided an outlet for its energy. Once

287-691: A new hairless breed of terrier derived from the Rat Terrier called the American Hairless Terrier . When competing in conformation shows , most kennel clubs including the Fédération Cynologique Internationale group pedigree terrier breeds together in their own terrier group. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale grouped Terriers in Group 3. Obedience trial An obedience trial

328-399: A passing score (170 points out of a possible 200, and more than 50% of the points allocated to each exercise). A handler may choose to train for higher degrees of accuracy and style in order to receive more points. For example, on a recall, to receive a perfect score the dog must come at a trot or run directly to the handler, without sniffing or veering to one side, and sit straight in front of

369-474: Is a dog sport in which a dog must perfectly execute a predefined set of tasks when directed to do so by his handler. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC) obedience regulations The basic objective of obedience trials, however, is to recognize dogs that have been trained to behave in the home, in public places, and in the presence of other dogs, in a manner that will reflect credit on

410-410: Is a type of dog originally bred to hunt vermin . A terrier is a dog of any one of many breeds or landraces of the terrier type , which are typically small, wiry, game , and fearless. There are five different groups of terrier, with each group having different shapes and sizes. Most terrier breeds were refined from the older purpose-bred dogs. The gameness of the early hunting terriers

451-428: Is for competitors who have earned an OTCh title on any dog, and those dogs who already have earned their CDX title. Open Class involves seven exercises: Heel Free and a Figure 8 (off leash), a Drop on Recall, Retrieve on Flat, Retrieve over High Jump, Broad Jump, Command Discrimination and Stand, Stay, Get your leash. Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) three times under two different judges in order to earn

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492-463: Is reserved for handlers who have never before shown a dog and earned a title in obedience. Other "A" classes have restrictions on the handler's or dog's experience. Depending on the level of the class a dog and handler may be expected to perform as few as five specific exercises or may be required to perform several of the exercises determined at random by the judge on the day of competition. Obedience Titles are awarded through several organizations. In

533-648: Is sanctioning any given competition. However, the list of exercises below provides a general description of what a dog and handler can expect at most obedience trials. Depending on who has sanctioned the given trial dogs are divided into classes based on their proficiency, age, or their handlers experience. Most organizations break down the dog and handler teams into novice, intermediate, and advanced classes. The American Kennel Club (AKC) calls these three classes, Novice, Open (intermediate), and Utility (advanced). The AKC then further divides these classes into "A" and "B" classes: i.e. Novice "A" or Open "B". The Novice "A" class

574-412: Is stopped in standing position. The handler must continue moving (10 feet) and turn around to face the dog. The judge "examines" the dog and instructs the handler "call your dog to heel position". 6th Exercise is Directed Jumping. It is often referred to as "go outs". The dog and handler are centered at one end of the ring. The dog is sent out and required to turn and sit approximately 20 feet beyond

615-539: Is taken from the AKC Obedience Regulations (amended to January 1. 2012) – see references. The first obedience title is a CD, or "Companion Dog", which is earned through competition in the Novice obedience class. Handlers who have never earned an obedience title or have never owned a dog with a CD title compete in the Novice A division. Handlers who have earned a CD title in the past, or who do not own

656-674: The Bull Terrier and Staffordshire Bull Terrier , into suitable family dogs and show terriers. Toy terriers have been bred from larger terriers and are shown in the Toy or Companion group. Included among these breeds are the English Toy Terrier and the Yorkshire Terrier . While small, they retain true terrier character and are not submissive " lap dogs ". Other descendants of the bull and terrier types, such as

697-612: The United States , Canada , Australia and others. In 1955 the first working examples of the breed were put on show at an exhibition in Moscow and the first Breed Standard was published in 1958, which was then adopted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1984. In 1996 The Russian Federation Working Dog-breeders & Russian Kynological Federation (RKF) adopted a second Standard for

738-577: The United States , a purebred dog recognized by the AKC can compete under AKC rules. The AKC also allows dogs registered with its Canine Partners program (mixed-breed dogs) to compete; this became effective April 1, 2010. Dogs can also earn titles in the United Kennel Club (UKC), Mixed Breed Dog Club of America (MBDCA), Service Dogs Of America (SDA), American Mixed Breed Obedience Registry (AMBOR), or Australian Shepherd Club of America (ASCA). When

779-727: The blood sport of dog-fighting. Modern pet breeds such as the Miniature Bull Terrier are listed by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) under Bull type terriers. Today, most terriers are kept as companion dogs and family pets. They are generally loyal and affectionate to their owners. In the 18th century in Britain, only two types of terriers were recognized, long- and short-legged. Today, terriers are often informally categorized by size or by function. Hunting-types are still used to find, track, or trail quarry, especially underground, and sometimes to bolt

820-557: The Asian Gull Terrier , are among the dogs still raised for dog-fighting. Terriers range greatly in appearance from very small, light bodied, smooth coated dogs such as the English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) , which weighs as little as 2.7 kg (6 lb), to the very large rough-coated Airedale Terriers , which can be up to 25 kg (56 lb) or more. As of 2004, the United Kennel Club recognized

861-581: The CD title. The second obedience title is a CDX, or "Companion Dog Excellent", which is earned through competition in the Open obedience class. Competitors are eligible for the Open class after the dog has earned the CD title from the Novice class. The "Open A" division is for competitors who have not earned an OTCh title on any dog, who own the dog, and for dogs who have not yet earned the CDX title. The "Open B" division

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902-554: The CDX title. Dogs with a CDX title may compete in the Open B division indefinitely. The third obedience title is a UD, or "Utility Dog", which is earned through competition in the Utility obedience class. Competitors enter the Utility Classes after completing their CDX in the Open class. Teams may enter the "Utility A" division if the handler owns the dog, has never earned an OTCh title on any dog, and does not already have

943-512: The UDX, or "Utility Dog Excellent" title, a dog-and-handler team must qualify (earn 170 out of 200 points) in both the Open B and the Utility B class at a single trial to earn a leg towards the title. In most cases this effectively requires the team to qualify in both Open B and Utility B on the same day. In order to earn the title the team must do this a total of 10 times. The American Kennel Club (AKC) awards an "Obedience Trial Championship" (OTCh) to

984-650: The breed more in line to the modern day Russian Black Terrier. And it was also in 1996 that the breed was first introduced into the UK. In 1998 The Kennel Club added the Russian Black Terrier to the Import Register. The coat is a double coat with a coarse outer guard hair over a softer undercoat. The coat is hard and dense, never soft, woolly, silky or frizzy. It should be trimmed to between 5 and 15 cm (2.0 and 5.9 in) in length. It should form

1025-473: The class. For example, a team that placed first out of 15 may only earn 4 OTCh points but a team that places first out of 50 may earn as much as 40 points. In addition to the points a team must win three first place awards – one in an Open B class, one in a Utility B class, and an additional first place win in either Open B or Utility B all under different judges. Since a team begins accruing OTCh points by competing in any Open B or Utility B class after completing

1066-438: The desired height between 26 and 28 inches. A mature male less than 27 inches or more than 30 inches at the withers is considered a serious fault. A mature female less than 26 inches or more than 29 inches at the withers is considered a serious fault. Although the standard also states "Height consideration should not outweigh that of type, proportion, movement and other functional attributes." In proportions,

1107-446: The dog has reached maturity their energy level decreases dramatically and they are most content laying near their owner. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 10.9 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds . The Black Russian Terrier is prone to certain hereditary diseases : Major concerns: Minor concerns Other problems Terrier Terrier (from Latin terra , 'earth')

1148-421: The dog with whom they are competing participate in the Novice B division. Novice Class involves six exercises: Heeling on leash and a Figure 8, Stand for Exam, Heel Free (off leash), Recall and Group Exercises: a 1-minute sit stay and a 1-minute down stay with dogs on leash and handlers at the end of the leash. Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) three times under two different judges in order to earn

1189-408: The dog's owner recognizing that accomplishment. Obedience competition provides an opportunity for a person and a dog to work as a highly tuned team. Training for obedience trials can provide much needed mental stimulation and physical activity for a bored housepet, and provide a fun and challenging hobby for the dog's owner. The exact name and requirements of obedience exercises vary depending on who

1230-409: The dog-and-handler team that defeats a large number of other teams in competition. The team must earn a total of 100 points, based on a rating scale distributed by the AKC. The points can only be earned by competing in either an Open B or a Utility B class. In addition, points are only awarded to dogs that placed in the top four and the number of points awarded to each dog varies depending on the size of

1271-445: The females weigh between 45 and 50 kg (99 and 110 lb). Nowadays, even larger individuals are tolerated if the dog is well proportioned and retains correct movements. Dogs exhibited by the kennel club are slightly taller by about half an inch. At maturity (over 18 months of age), the AKC standard recommends 27-30 inches for males with the desired height between 27 and 29 inches and 26 and 29 inches for females with

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1312-417: The handler will be asked to "stand your dog, leave". The handler walks across the ring and at the judge's signal, the handler gives a signal for the dog "to down", "to sit", and "to come"; followed with "finish". 2nd and 3rd Exercises are called Scent Discrimination. A dog must retrieve a scented (handler's) metal and leather article. These are two separate exercises. The dog must be able to distinguish between

1353-485: The handler's scent and that of a person who has placed 8 other articles in a cluster approximately 20 feet away. 4th Exercise is the Directed Retrieve. Three gloves are placed approximately 15–20 feet away from the handler and dog. The handler must turn and face the glove that the judge has indicated and send the dog to retrieve it. 5th Exercise is The Moving Stand. The dog must heel with the handler and then

1394-410: The handler, not at an angle or off to one side or the other. The dog and handler teams with the four highest scores in a given class will receive placement ribbons, and sometimes additional prizes. All dogs that receive a passing, or "qualifying" score earn a "leg" towards an obedience title. When a dog has accumulated the requisite number of legs for a given title, the AKC will issue a certificate to

1435-473: The high jump and bar jump. The dog is given a signal and verbal command to jump a high jump and in the second half of the exercise the dog is sent out again and must execute the other jump. It is scored as one exercise. Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) three times under two different judges in order to earn the UD title. Dogs with a UD title may compete in the Utility B division indefinitely. To earn

1476-641: The killing of foxes) and the Hunt Terrier (developed in southern England to locate, kill or bolt foxes during a traditional mounted fox hunt). The various combinations of bulldog and terrier that were used for bull-baiting and dog-fighting in the late 19th century were later refined into separate breeds that combined both terrier and bulldog qualities. Except for the Boston Terrier , they are generally included in kennel clubs' Terrier Group. Breeders have bred modern bull-type terrier breeds, such as

1517-878: The quarry. Modern examples include the Jack Russell Terrier , the Jagdterrier , the Rat Terrier , and the Patterdale Terrier . There are also the short-legged terriers such as the Cairn Terrier , the Scottish Terrier , and the West Highland White Terrier , which were also used to kill small vermin. The original hunting terriers include the Fell Terrier (developed in northern England to assist in

1558-440: The sport of obedience at all times and under all conditions. Training a dog to participate in AKC obedience trials increases a dog's understanding and reliability in responding to commands such as "sit", "down", "stay", "come", and "heel". At a trial, the dog and handler will perform various predefined obedience exercises, which will be evaluated and scored by a judge. The dog must demonstrate basic proficiency in order to receive

1599-664: The state for use as a military/working dogs. The breeding stock was largely imported from countries where the Red Army was active during the Second World War , especially East Germany . Breeds used in the development include the Giant Schnauzer , Airedale Terrier , Rottweiler , Newfoundland , Caucasian Shepherd Dog and other breeds. The Black Russian Terrier was bred for working ability, rather than appearance, and early examples only resembled today's Black Russian Terrier in their build and coat type. They were bred solely by

1640-470: The state owned Red Star Kennel in Moscow until 1957, when some puppies were sold to civilian breeders. These breeders began to breed for looks (as the original was rather plain) while retaining working ability. In time, the breed spread to the other parts of USSR like Saint Petersburg , Siberia , Ukraine and later to the first European country Finland and next to the other European countries: Hungary , Czechoslovakia , Poland , Germany and finally to

1681-435: Was exploited by using them in sporting contests. Initially, terriers competed in events such as clearing a pit of rats. The dog that was the fastest in killing all the rats won. In the eighteenth century some terriers were crossed with hounds to improve their hunting, and some with fighting dog breeds to "intensify tenacity and increase courage". Some of the crosses with fighting dogs, bull and terrier crosses, were used in

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