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44-553: Bryansk Oblast lies in western European Russia in the central to western parts of the East European Plain , on the divide between the Desna and Volga basins . The oblast borders with Smolensk Oblast in the north, Kaluga Oblast in the northeast, Oryol Oblast in the east, Kursk Oblast in the southeast, Chernihiv and Sumy Oblasts of Ukraine in the south, and with Gomel and Mogilev Oblasts of Belarus in

88-488: A 2012 survey 49.5% of the population of Bryansk Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 4.7% are unaffiliated Christians , 0.8% are Orthodox Christian believers who don't belong to any church or are members of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches , and 0.7% are adherents of Rodnovery (Slavic folk religion). In addition, 36% of the population declares to be " spiritual but not religious ", 5.4%

132-430: A Nazi prison and a forced labour battalion for Jews in the town. Starodub finally became a part of Bryansk Oblast in 1944. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Starodub serves as the administrative center of Starodubsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug —an administrative unit with

176-539: A popular movement. In the Bryansk area about 60,000 guerrillas from the guerrilla units of Sydir Kovpak , Oleksiy Fedorov and Alexander Saburov operated. The fighting resulted in the destruction and burning of many towns and villages, affecting some 111,000 homes and many important industrial enterprises. After the Red Army liberated the area (August–September 1943), extensive restoration work commenced. A decree of

220-495: A result of the Chernobyl disaster on April 26, 1986, part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast (mainly Gordeyevsky , Klimovsky , Klintsovsky , Krasnogorsky , Surazhsky , and Novozybkovsky Districts ) has been contaminated with radionuclides . In 1999, some 226,000 people, representing approximately 16% of the oblast's population, lived in areas with the contamination level above 5 Curie/km. The Venus of Eliseevichi

264-520: Is atheist , and 2.6% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. There are seventeen museums in Bryansk Oblast. The main cities have many major architectural and archeological monuments. In Bryansk is the Svenski monastery, Chashin mound (the birthplace of Bryansk), the ancient Kremlin of Bryansk on Pokrovskaya Mountain, Peter and Paul monastery etc. Main churches include

308-658: Is a town in Bryansk Oblast , Russia , on the Babinets River in the Dnieper basin , 169 kilometers (105 mi) southwest of Bryansk . Population: 17,687 ( 2021 Census ) ; 19,010 ( 2010 Census ) ; 18,643 ( 2002 Census ) ; 18,906 ( 1989 Soviet census ) ; 16,000 (1975). Starodub has been known since the 11th century, when it was a part of the Principality of Chernigov . It

352-581: Is a piece of Paleolithic art (dated to 14,000 YBP ) found in the region. The Eliseevichi site is also associated with the earliest recognized dog remains, dating to 15,000 YBP. In the 9th to 11th centuries AD Slavic tribes lived along the banks of the Desna River and in the forests of the land between the Desna and the Oka . The city of Bryansk was established in 985. Bryansk remained poorly attested until

396-407: Is cut in the upper part of each quadrangle facet. The tier of the bell tower is decorated with large flat-arched niches in the center of the facets, rusticated corner parts to the waist, and round niches-medallions above it. In the interior, all the side parts are completely open into the high central one, forming a single space of the temple. The central part is covered with a four-lane closed vault,

440-534: Is the most densely populated region of Russia, with a population density of 27.5 people per km (70 per sq mi). European Russia counts for about 15% of Europe's total population . All three federal cities of Russia lie within European Russia. These cities are Moscow , the nation's capital and largest city , which is the second most populous city in Europe ; Saint Petersburg , the cultural capital and

484-524: Is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run

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528-582: The 1237-1242 Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' . It was the northernmost of the Severian cities in the possession of the Chernigov Rurikids and the Principality of Novgorod-Seversk . After the Mongols murdered Prince Mikhail of Chernigov in 1246 and his capital was destroyed, his son Roman Mikhailovich moved his seat to Bryansk. In 1310, when the Mongols sacked the town again, it belonged to

572-728: The Khmelnytskyi Uprising , Zaporozhian Cossacks seized the town, and 188 families of local Ruthenian nobility recognized the Cossack hetman as a new governor, within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, after which the Ukrainians staged a anti-Jewish pogrom . In 1654, it passed to Russia, confirmed in 1686. In 1660, the town was ravaged by Tatars, and in 1663 it was attacked by the Poles. Starodub became

616-1005: The Muscovite Rus' arose, over all this time, western Russia and the various Rus' regions had strong cultural contacts with the Byzantine Empire, while the Slavic culture was cultivated all the time. The elements of East Slavic paganism and Christianity overlapped each other and sometimes produced even double faith in Muscovite Rus'. In 2022 the GRDP of European Russia was around ₽ 100 trillion ( US$ 1.4 trillion). The following Federal districts of Russia are overwhelmingly European: 55°N 40°E  /  55°N 40°E  / 55; 40 Starodub Starodub ( Russian : Староду́б , IPA: [stərɐˈdup] , lit.   ' old oak ' )

660-695: The Oka river . Finno-Ugric, Baltic and Turkic tribes were also present in the area (although large parts of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric people were absorbed by the Slavs, there are great minorities in European Russia today). The western region of Central Russia was inhabited by the Eastern Slavic tribe of the Severians . One of the first Rus' regions according to the Sofia First Chronicle

704-618: The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established the modern Bryansk Oblast on July 5, 1944. On 4 July 1997, Bryansk, alongside Chelyabinsk , Magadan , Saratov , and Vologda , signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy. The power-sharing would be abolished on 9 August 2002. On 2 March 2023, the villages of Lyubechane and Sushany were attacked by pro-Ukrainian forces during

748-767: The Russian Federation . It is geographically situated in Europe , as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia , which is situated in Asia , encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. The two parts of Russia are divided by the Ural Mountains and Ural river , bisecting the Eurasian supercontinent . European Russia covers the vast majority of Eastern Europe , and spans roughly 40% of Europe's total landmass, with over 15% of its total population, making Russia

792-633: The Russo-Ukrainian War . A large railway junction is located in the capital of Bryansk. Most rail lines in the oblast are electrified, using AC power. In connection with the border situation, Bryansk there are several major customs terminals. The oblast is crossed by the M3 Moscow—Kiev highway and the M13 Bryansk-Novozybkov-Boundary Belarus—(Kobrin), and fourteen kilometers from the administrative center of

836-678: The Western Oblast . On September 27, 1937, the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union decided to abolish the Western Krai, dividing it into Smolensk and Oryol Oblasts. The current territory of Bryansk Oblast became a part of Oryol Oblast . In August–October 1941 Axis troops took over the region. From the first days of occupation, the struggle against the invaders took on the character of

880-462: The largest and most populous country in Europe. It is divided into five Federal districts . European Russia accounts for about 80% of Russia's total population. It covers an area of over 3,969,100 square kilometres (1,532,500 sq mi), with a population of nearly 110 million—making Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe, surpassing second-place Germany. European Russia

924-637: The 12 biggest cities of Kievan Rus' or Ancient Rus' were Novgorod , Kiev , Polotsk , Smolensk , Murom and Rostov . Through trade and cultural contact with Byzantine Empire , the Slavic culture of the Rus' adopted gradually the Eastern Orthodox religion . Many sources say that Ryazan , Kolomna , Moscow , Vladimir and Kiev were destroyed by the Mongol Empire . After the Mongol invasion

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968-473: The 6th-7th centuries. "'Church of the Ascension in the village of Veliky Bor'" The supplier on the hill of intermediaries is the compositional center of his development. Year of construction of the church (by order of Count Bezborodko) - 1809. By now, the side porticos and the top of the bell tower have been lost. An interesting example of a cross-shaped manor church in the style of mature classicism. Around

1012-641: The Voksresenskaya, Vvedenskaya, and Spaso-Grobovskaya, Pokrovskaya and Gorne-Nikolskaya. Klintsy is the second-largest city of Bryansk oblast. It was one of the Old Believers ' centers, now known for its textile industry and ancient temples. Trubchevsk is noted for its archeological and architectural monuments, in particular the Trinity Cathedral of the 13th-19th centuries with its tomb. The museum contains some valuable items dated to

1056-412: The altar is covered with a conch, and the altar vima, the side arms, and the refectory are covered with cylindrical vaults. The lower tier of the bell tower with rounded inner corners has a corrugated vault along the north–south axis. On the sides of the trapezoidal passage to the refectory, there are small rooms with a staircase in the southern one. Only the plaster cornices at the base of the vaults and at

1100-529: The biggest authority), the Chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, the CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the oblast administration, and eventually the governor, was appointed/elected alongside an elected regional parliament . The Charter of Bryansk Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Bryansk Oblast Duma

1144-409: The building at the level of the apse cornice. Four Tuscan pilasters decorating the ends of the side arms correspond to the columns of the lost porticoes. Between them, in the center, there are side entrances marked with triangular sandrids, and on the sides - rectangular windows. Above the openings, there are, respectively, an oval and two round niches. A large semicircular three-part Empire-type window

1188-454: The building were comparatively short sidearms, which were slightly protruding rectangular altars ending in a lowered semicircular apse. The originality of the composition is given by a large light quadrangle towering over the center with a tetrahedral dome cover and a small dome on a cubic pedestal. A small refectory with one window on the side facades is adjoined by a preserved quadrangle of the bell tower. A profiled belt bypasses all facades of

1232-476: The center of Starodub Cossack Regiment and enjoyed a large measure of autonomy between 1666 and 1686. In 1677 the town suffered a fire. Starodub remained rudiments of Cossack Hetmanate 's administrative division until 1782 when it became an uyezd town. In 1796, Starodub was incorporated into Chernigov Governorate . In 1867, Starodub had a population of 12,042. In 1870, there were ten factories, including nine tanneries . Four annual fairs were held. In 1918,

1276-950: The day-to-day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter under the Constitution of Russia . The current governor of Bryansk Oblast since 2015 is Alexander Bogomaz , a member of the United Russia party. He was re-elected in 2020, winning 71.7% of the vote. Population: 1,169,161 ( 2021 Census ) ; 1,278,217 ( 2010 Census ) ; 1,378,941 ( 2002 Census ) ; 1,474,785 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.20 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 68.67 years (male — 63.57, female — 73.88) Source: According to

1320-521: The fights against Grand Duchy of Lithuania , Kingdom of Poland , and Crimean Khanate . In 1618 the Truce of Deulino saw the southern and western area of the modern Bryansk Oblast ceded to Poland. After the annexation of the lands by the Tsardom of Russia in 1654, all the left bank of the Dnieper , including the south-western area of Bryansk, was divided into hundreds of administrative regiments. One of

1364-722: The largest was Starodub . In 1781, these regiments merged into districts and several territories. Peter the Great ( r.  1682–1725 ) incorporated Bryansk into the Kiev Governorate , but Empress Catherine the Great deemed it wise to transfer the town to the Oryol Governorate in 1779. She also promulgated the town's coat of arms. In 1709, part of the Bryansk ( Bryansky , Karachevsky , Sevsky , and Trubchevsky Uyezds ) belonged to Kiev Governorate . In 1727, Sevsk Province  [ ru ] became part of

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1408-410: The newly formed Belgorod Governorate . The 17th and 18th centuries saw a period of significant regional economic development. The industrial revolution began in the 18th century, particularly in the eastern part of Bryansk; due to its reserves of sand Bryansk saw the growth of the glass industry. On April 1, 1920, Bryansk Oblast was established but on October 1, 1929 it was incorporated into

1452-684: The oblast is the Bryansk International Airport . The top exports of Bryansk Oblast in 2021 were railway and trams (15.6%), iron & steel (10.8%), wood (9.74%), and paper articles (9.32%). Nearly half of exports (46.3%) were to Belarus. During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: the First Secretary of the Bryansk CPSU Committee (who in reality had

1496-658: The principality of Smolensk . After the Mongols took Chernigov, the Principality of Bryansk was formed. In 1356 Bryansk territory was under the authority of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . The Great Duchy of Moscow conquered Bryansk following the Battle of Vedrosha in 1503. The town was turned into a fortress that played a major role during the Time of Troubles of 1598–1613. Bryansk became Moscow's south-western outpost in

1540-645: The second-most populous city in the country; and Sevastopol , located in Crimea , which is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine . Of the 16 Russian cities with over 1 million inhabitants, 12 lie within European Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan , Nizhny Novgorod , Samara , Ufa , Rostov-on-Don , Krasnodar , Voronezh , Perm , Chelyabinsk and Volgograd (the remaining four are Yekaterinburg , Omsk , Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk ). The historical population of European Russia

1584-404: The states of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. In the upper part of the shield is a stylized golden spruce with a three-tiered crown representing the forests of Bryansk. The flag is burgundy in color, representing the color of the banners under which the army and guerrillas fought for the liberation of Bryansk. European Russia European Russia is the western and most populated part of

1628-699: The status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Starodubsky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated as Starodub Urban Okrug . Prior to January 1, 2013, Starodub was administratively incorporated as a town of district significance within Starodubsky District. As a significant center of the Cossack Hetmanate, Starodub is the only place in Russia where authentic examples of Ukrainian Baroque may be seen. The Nativity Cathedral, built in 1617 and overhauled after

1672-411: The top of the main quadrangle, as well as pilasters between the windows on the north and south walls, have survived from the interior decoration. The Flag of Bryansk Oblast represents a panel burgundy with a ratio of 1:1,5. In the center of the cloth is placed the coat of arms of the Bryansk region and includes a hammer and sickle up top. The coat of arms is a blue shield representing Slavic unity between

1716-746: The town was occupied by the Germans and the town was part of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The Soviet authority was instated in November 1918. During the Soviet period, Starodub was a part of Gomel Governorate (1919–1926), Bryansk Governorate (1926–1929), Western Oblast (1929–1937), and Oryol Oblast (1937–1944). The town was once again occupied by the Germans between August 18, 1941 and September 22, 1943. The Germans operated

1760-425: The west. Natural resources include deposits of peat , sand , clay , chalk , marl , and other building materials, as well as phosphorite . About a quarter of the total area of the oblast is covered by forests, mainly coniferous , mixed, and deciduous , as well as forest-steppe. Bryansky Les Nature Reserve is a biosphere reserve that protects, among other things, a limited population of European bison . As

1804-630: Was Veliky Novgorod in 859. In late 8th and early-to-mid-9th centuries AD the Rus' Khaganate was formed in modern western Russia. The region was a place of operations for Varangians , eastern Scandinavian adventurers, merchants, and pirates. From the late 9th to the mid-13th century a large section of today's European Russia was part of Kievan Rus' . The lands of Rus' Khaganate and Kievan Rus' were important trade routes and connected Scandinavia , Byzantine Empire, Rus' people and Volga Bulgaria with Khazaria and Persia . According to old Scandinavian sources among

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1848-618: Was besieged and captured by Polish-Lithuanian forces and the defenders were executed however, it soon fell back to Muscovy. In 1616, it was recaptured by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , within which it became a county seat in the Smolensk Voivodeship . During the Smolensk War , in 1632, it was captured by Russia , however, it was restored to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1634. In 1648, during

1892-517: Was composed of Slavic , Finno-Ugric , Germanic , Turkic , Jewish , Scythians , North Caucasian , Huns , Baltic , Khazarian and Norse peoples . Some theories say that some early Eastern Slavs arrived in modern-day western Russia (also in Ukraine and Belarus) sometime during the middle of the first millennium AD. The Eastern Slavic tribe of the Vyatichis was native to the land around

1936-597: Was plundered by the Cumans in 1080. It was burned to the ground by the Mongols in the 13th century. It became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century (soon part of the Polish–Lithuanian union ), and Grand Duke Algirdas rebuilt it as a defensive stronghold against Muscovites and Tatars. In 1408, it was granted to Duke Švitrigaila . In 1503, it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow . In 1535, it

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