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43-717: The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation , commonly known as the Bradley Foundation , is an American charitable foundation based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , that primarily supports conservative causes. The foundation provides between $ 35 million and $ 45 million annually to a variety of causes, including cultural institutions, community-based nonprofit organizations in Milwaukee, and conservative groups. It has been active in education reform including school choice , and efforts to change election rules. Approximately 70% of

86-458: A declaration of intention including a purpose and endow assets for such purpose. This document can be in the form of a notarized deed or a will. To obtain legal personality, the foundation must enroll in the legal register of each prefettura (local authority) or some cases the regional authority. There are several nuances in requirements according to each foundation's purpose and area of activity. Non-profit foundations are termed as stichting in

129-540: A distinct patrimony independent of its founder . In Finland, foundations ( Finnish : säätiö , Swedish : stiftelse ) are regulated by the Finnish Patent and Registration Office and have the four following characteristics: Foundations are considered legal persons in Finland. The Foundations Act in 2015 dramatically updated the laws regarding foundations. There are not many foundations in comparison to

172-432: A diversity of forms and may follow varying regulations depending on the jurisdiction where they are created. Foundations are often set up for charitable purposes , family patrimony and collective purposes which can include education or research. In some jurisdictions, a foundation may acquire its legal personality when it is entered in a public registry, while in other countries a foundation may acquire legal personality by

215-895: A general discussion on foundations was brought forth to the Jersey government concerning this possibility. It was adopted by the states of Jersey on 22 October 2008 through the Foundations (Jersey) Law 200. In the United States, many philanthropic and charitable organizations (such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ) are considered to be foundations. However, the Internal Revenue Code distinguishes between private foundations (usually endowed by an individual, family, or corporation) and public charities ( community foundations or other nonprofit groups that raise money from

258-412: A role in supporting research on foundations. Middle East Forum The Middle East Forum was founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes as an independent non-profit organization with the mission of “promoting American interests”. The MEF advocates for strong U.S. ties with Turkey, Israel, and other democracies in the region, a stable price for oil, human rights, and peaceful conflict resolutions. It publishes

301-474: A specific purpose. When the purpose is for the public benefit, a foundation may enjoy favorable tax treatment. A foundation may have diverse purposes, including but not limited to public benefit, humanitarian or cultural purposes, religious, collective, familiar, or the simple passive administration of funds. Normally, the supervision of a foundation is done by the county government where the foundation has its domicile, however, large foundations must be registered by

344-994: Is a grant to "formally recognize individuals of extraordinary talent and dedication who have made contributions of excellence in areas consistent with The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation's mission." As many as four prizes of $ 250,000 each are awarded annually. Winners have included Fouad Ajami (2006), John Bolton (2007), Martin Feldstein (2007), Victor Davis Hanson (2008), Leonard Leo (2009), William Kristol (2009), Paul A. Gigot (2010), Jeb Bush (2011), Edwin Meese III (2012), Roger Ailes (2013), Paul Clement (2013), Mitch Daniels (2013), Yuval Levin (2013), Kimberly Strassel (2014), Ayaan Hirsi Ali (2015), James Ceaser (2015), Gary Sinise (2016), Peter Berkowitz (2017), Charles R. Kesler (2018), Roger Kimball (2019), Amity Shlaes (2021), and Glenn Loury (2022). Note: The Bradley Prizes for 2020 were canceled due to

387-668: Is best known as a co-founder, former spokesman and former leader of the English Defence League (EDL) organization, and for his service as a political adviser to the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Gerard Batten . They revealed that "the full resources of the Middle East Forum were activated to free Mr. Robinson", which included: conferring with Robinson's legal team and providing necessary funds; funding, organizing and staffing

430-510: Is dominated by private entities). Foundations may only be operational after being recognized by the Prime Minister of Portugal . Foundations must designate and pursue at least one of twenty-five public benefit goals defined by law. They must also have enough assets to pursue those goals. They may not benefit the founders or any other restricted group, but the general public. Portuguese foundations may voluntarily associate themselves via

473-507: Is no commonly accepted legal definition across Europe for a foundation. There was a proposal for a European Foundation Statute , a legal form that would create a legal definition recognised across all EU Member States . However, this proposal was withdrawn in 2015 following its failure to pass through COREPER 1 . The term "foundation", in general, is used to describe a distinct legal entity. Foundations as legal structures ( legal entities ) and/or legal persons ( legal personality ) may have

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516-408: Is regularly criticized "as a channel for anti-Muslim polemics ". The journal is abstracted and indexed in: In 2002, the Middle East Forum launched an initiative called Campus Watch that it claimed would identify "analytical failures, the mixing of politics with scholarship, intolerance of alternative views, apologetics , and the abuse of power over students" within academia. Winfield Myers

559-458: Is taxed like any other legal entity. There is no central register for German foundations. Only charitable foundations are subject to supervision by state authorities. Family foundations are not supervised after establishment. All forms of foundations can be dissolved, however, if they pursue anti-constitutional aims. Foundations are supervised by local authorities within each state ( Bundesland ) because each state has exclusive legislative power over

602-471: Is the director of Campus Watch. Initially, Campus Watch published the profile of eight university professors and teachers, who, it said, were "hostile" to America and "preaching dangerous rhetoric to students". This led around 100 professors to accuse Campus Watch of " McCarthyesque " intimidation and ask that their names be listed on Campus Watch too. Subsequently, Campus Watch removed the list from its website. The Israel Victory Project, launched in 2017,

645-680: The Center for Public Integrity found that the Bradley Foundation was a contributor to Donors Trust , a right-wing think tank which has been described as the " dark money ATM" for conservative billionaires, enabling them to make sizable donations to conservative causes without attracting public scrutiny. In a 2018 interview, the foundation's CEO, Richard Graber , described its four major areas of funding as "constitutional order", education (in particular school choice ), civil society , and arts and culture. In that interview, Graber said that

688-516: The "Free Tommy" London rallies on June 9 and July 14, which was, they claim, reported by The Times , The Guardian , and The Independent ; funding travel of the US congressman , Rep. Paul Gosar , Republican from Arizona, to London to address the rallies; and lobbied Sam Brownback , the State Department's ambassador-at-large for International Religious Freedom , to raise the issue with

731-454: The Bradley Foundation "has become an extraordinary force in persuading mainstream Republicans to support radical challenges to election rules—a tactic once relegated to the far right" and "funds a network of groups that have been stoking fear about election fraud, in some cases for years. Public records show that, since 2012, the foundation has spent some eighteen million dollars supporting eleven conservative groups involved in election issues." On

774-689: The Middle East Quarterly and runs various advocacy programs. Pipes said in 2003 that "militant Islam is the problem and moderate Islam is the answer", but the left-leaning Center for American Progress and the Southern Poverty Law Center have criticized the MEF for spreading anti-Islamic messages. In 2018, the MEF stated that it had been "heavily involved" in the release from prison of British anti-Islam activist and far-right political operative Tommy Robinson , who

817-627: The Netherlands which are regulated by Dutch law . A foundation ( Fundação ) in Portugal is regulated by Law 150/2015, with the exception of religious foundations, which are regulated by the Religious Freedom Law. Foundations may be private, wholly public (created and managed exclusively by public bodies), or public but with private management (created by public entities and optionally also private entities, but whose management

860-739: The Portuguese Foundation Centre ( CPF – Centro Português de Fundações ), that was founded in 1993 by the Eng. António de Almeida Foundation, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the Oriente Foundation. Foundations in Spain are organizations founded with the purpose of not seeking profit and serving the general needs of the public. Such foundations may be founded by private individuals or by

903-695: The UK's ambassador, which he did. The MEF has itself been considered a part of the counter-jihad movement . Georgetown University 's Bridge Initiative reported in 2018 that the MEF had received millions of dollars from Donors Capital Fund ($ 6,768,000), the William Rosenwald Family Fund , the Middle Road Foundation, and the Abstraction Fund. Middle East Quarterly was founded in 1994 by Daniel Pipes and

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946-753: The UK, the word "foundation" is sometimes used in the title of a charity, as in the British Heart Foundation and the Fairtrade Foundation . Despite this, the term is not generally used in English law , and (unlike in civil law systems) the term has no precise meaning. Instead, the concept of charitable trust is in use (for example, the Wellcome Trust ). The States of Jersey are considering introducing civil law type foundations into its law. A consultation paper presenting

989-541: The charity's structure, funding sources, and mode of operation. Charities receive notification of their designation from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon registration. A charity with only one director or trustee is automatically designated as a private foundation. To be designated as a charitable organization or public foundation, more than half of the directors, trustees, or officials must be at arm's length. The CRA applies specific criteria to determine

1032-647: The coronavirus pandemic. 43°02′50.7″N 87°54′38.2″W  /  43.047417°N 87.910611°W  / 43.047417; -87.910611 Foundation (charity) A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation ) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations , and private foundations , which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless,

1075-671: The county administrative board (CAB), which must also supervise the administration of the foundation. The main legal instruments governing foundations in Sweden are the Foundation Act (1994:1220) and the Regulation for Foundations (1995:1280). A foundation needs to be registered with the company register. Under Canadian law , registered charities may be designated as charitable organizations , public foundations, or private foundations. The designation depends on factors such as

1118-604: The current editor-in-chief is Efraim Karsh , research professor and former Director of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London . In 2002 Juan Cole , a professor at the University of Michigan and a Campus Watch target, accused the journal of making "scurrilous attacks on people". In 2014, Christopher A. Bail of Duke University described it as a "pseudo-academic" journal with editorial board members who share an ideological outlook, adding that while it appears to present legitimate academic research, it

1161-527: The death of Lynde Bradley , to further the philosophy of the Bradley brothers. The foundation's credo is "The good society is a free society." In 1965, after the death of Harry Lynde Bradley , Lynde's brother, the foundation expanded and began to concentrate on public policy . The 1985 acquisition of the Allen-Bradley Company by Rockwell International Corporation resulted in a portion of

1204-557: The designation, including the charity's purposes, activities, income allocation, and relationships with officials and donors. The law does not prescribe any particular form for a foundation in Ireland. Most commonly, foundations are companies limited by guarantees or trusts. A foundation can obtain a charity registration number from the Revenue Commissioners for obtaining tax relief as far as they can be considered under

1247-475: The foundation or have reverted the initial assets. The private foundations or civil code foundations are under the section about non commercial entities of the first book of the Civil Code of Law of 1942. Article 16 CC establishes that the foundation's statutes must contain its name, purpose, assets, domicile, administrative organs and regulations, and how the grants will be distributed. The founder must write

1290-576: The foundation would deemphasize some areas in which it had previously made grants, including national security and foreign policy. Activities in these areas had funded millions of dollars for three anti-Muslim groups: the David Horowitz Freedom Center (which received $ 4.2 million), Frank Gaffney 's Center for Security Policy (which received $ 815,000) and Daniel Pipes ' Middle East Forum (which received $ 305,000). These grants were between 2008 and 2011. The foundation's funding

1333-474: The foundation's board of directors is attorney Cleta Mitchell , who joined Donald Trump on his phone call on 2 January 2021 when Trump pressured Georgia election officials to find 11,780 votes to overturn the state's 2020 presidential election results. The foundation describes itself as supporting limited government . The New York Times described the Bradley Foundation as "a leading source of ideas and financing for American conservatives." A 2013 report from

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1376-430: The foundation's giving is directed to national groups while 30% is Wisconsin-based. The foundation had about $ 850 million in assets as of 2021. Defunct Newspapers Journals TV channels Websites Other Economics Gun rights Identity politics Nativist Religion Watchdog groups Youth/student groups Miscellaneous Other The foundation was established in 1942, shortly after

1419-428: The general public). While they offer donors more control over their charitable giving, private foundations have more restrictions and fewer tax benefits than public charities. At an international level there are a series of networks and associations of foundations, among them Council on Foundations , EFC ( European Foundation Centre ), WINGS (Worldwide Initiatives for Grantmaker Support). Those organization also have

1462-603: The law on charity, however, charitable status does not exist in Ireland. The definition usually applied is that from the Pemsel Case of English jurisprudence (1891) and the Irish Income Tax Act 1967. Trusts have no legal personality and companies acquire their legal status through the Company law and the required documents of incorporation. Foundations are not required to register with any public authority. In

1505-542: The laws governing foundations. In contrast to many other countries, German law allows a tax-sheltered charitable foundation to distribute up to one-third of its profit to the founder and his next of kin, if they are needy, or to maintain the founder's grave. These benefits are subject to taxation. As of 2008 , there are about 15,000 foundations in Germany, about 85% of them charitable foundations. More than 250 charitable German foundations have existed for more than 500 years;

1548-402: The main purpose of the foundation. There is no minimum starting capital, although in practice at least €50,000 is considered necessary. A German foundation can either be charitable or serve a private interest. Charitable foundations enjoy tax exemptions. If they engage in commercial activities, only the commercially active part of the entity is taxed. A family foundation serving private interests

1591-440: The mere action of creation through a required document. Unlike a company, foundations have no shareholders , though they may have a board, an assembly and voting members. A foundation may hold assets in its own name for the purposes set out in its constitutive documents, and its administration and operation are carried out in accordance with its statutes or articles of association rather than fiduciary principles. The foundation has

1634-429: The oldest dates back to 1509. There are also large German corporations owned by foundations, including Bertelsmann , Bosch , Carl Zeiss AG and Lidl . Foundations are the main providers of private scholarships to German students. In Italy, a foundation is a private non-profit and autonomous organization, its assets must be dedicated to a purpose established by the founder. The founder cannot receive any benefits from

1677-573: The proceeds going to expand the foundation, swelling its assets from $ 14 million to over $ 290 million. In 1986, the foundation gave away $ 23 million, more than it had in the previous four decades. The Bradley Foundation's former president, Michael S. Joyce , helped to create the Philanthropy Roundtable , a group of American philanthropists that, as of 2018, has 660 members (consisting of both individuals and organizations). In August 2021 New Yorker magazine, Jane Mayer wrote that

1720-432: The public. These foundations have an independent legal personality separate from their founders. Foundations serve the general needs of the public with a patrimony that funds public services and may not be distributed to the founders' benefit. A foundation in Sweden ( Swedish : stiftelse ) is a legal entity without an owner. It is formed by a letter of donation from a founder donating funds or assets to be administered for

1763-486: The rest of Europe. In practice public administration requires at least €1 million necessary. State representatives have a mandatory seat in the board. German regulations allow the creation of any foundation for public or private purposes in keeping with the concept of a gemeinwohlkonforme Allzweckstiftung ("general-purpose foundation compatible with the common good"). A foundation should not have commercial activities as its main purpose, but they arre permitted if they serve

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1806-463: The term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking. Legal entities existing under the status of "foundations" have a wide diversity of structures and purposes. Nevertheless, there are some common structural elements. Some of the above must be, in most jurisdictions, expressed in the document of establishment. Others may be provided by the supervising authority at each particular jurisdiction. There

1849-748: Was criticized by the Council on American-Islamic Relations , which described the grant recipients as an " Islamophobic network." Organizations awarded grants by the foundation have included FreedomWorks , Americans for Prosperity , The Heritage Foundation , the Hoover Institution , the Black Alliance for Educational Options and the SEED Foundation . The associated Bradley Impact Fund in 2020 gave $ 6.5 million, its largest donation that year, to Project Veritas . The Bradley Prize

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