Misplaced Pages

#923076

175-671: The facility was purchased in 1962 by Columbia Records , who replaced the former residence and Studio A with a newer, larger recording studio, mastering and editing studios, and administrative offices, while keeping Studio B (the Quonset hut studio) intact. Columbia continued to host sessions for various record labels until 1965, when they began using the studios exclusively with Columbia artists. Between 1962 and 1982, hits by Johnny Cash, Bobby Vinton , Bob Dylan , Roger Miller, George Jones , Tammy Wynette , Lynn Anderson , Ray Price , Merle Haggard , Charlie Rich and many others were produced at

350-480: A covers album of country music songs. Other artists who recorded at Columbia's Nashville studios included George Jones , Dusty Springfield , The Byrds , Patti Page , Lacy J. Dalton , Dave Loggins , John Hiatt , and Johnny Paycheck . In 1982, John Anderson 's album Wild & Blue was the last to be recorded at the studio before Columbia closed their Nashville recording studios and converted them to office space. In 2005, philanthropist Mike Curb bought

525-507: A "beautiful relationship" with her mother. In his interviews with Hilda Hensley, he quoted Cline's mother as saying they "were more like sisters" than parent and child. Cline attended the ninth grade at John Handley High School in Winchester, Virginia. However, the family had trouble sustaining an income after her father's desertion, and Cline dropped out of high school to help support the family. She began working at Gaunt's Drug Store in

700-669: A $ 500,000 investment which subsequently earned the company some $ 32 million in profits. In October 1958, Columbia, in time for the Christmas season, put out a series of "Greatest Hits" packages by such artists as Johnny Mathis, Doris Day, Guy Mitchell, Johnnie Ray, Jo Stafford , Tony Bennett, Rosemary Clooney, Frankie Laine and the Four Lads ; months later, it put out another Mathis compilation as well as that of Marty Robbins . Only Mathis' compilations charted, since there were only 25 positions on Billboard ' s album charts at

875-514: A Nashville park the following morning. Cline auditioned for Opry performer Moon Mullican the same day. The audition was well-received and Cline expected to hear from the Opry the same day. However, she never received news and the family returned to Virginia. By the early 1950s, Cline continued performing around the local area. In 1952, she asked to audition for local country bandleader Bill Peer. Following her audition, she began performing regularly as

1050-612: A Rich Man's Gold) ". "Crazy" has since been called a country music standard. Cline's vocal performance and the song's production have received high praise over time. Cub Koda of AllMusic noted the "ache" in her voice that makes the song stand out: "Cline's reading of the lyric is filled with an aching world weariness that transforms the tune into one of the first big crossover hits without even trying hard." Country music historian Paul Kingsbury also highlighted her "ache," saying in 2007, "Cline's hit recording swings with such velvety finesse, and her voice throbs and aches so exquisitely, that

1225-576: A benefit at the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall , Kansas City, Kansas , for the family of disc jockey "Cactus" Jack Call; he had died in an automobile crash a little over a month earlier. Also performing in the show were George Jones , George Riddle and The Jones Boys, Billy Walker , Dottie West , Wilma Lee and Stoney Cooper , George McCormick, the Clinch Mountain Boys as well as Cowboy Copas and Hawkshaw Hawkins . Despite having

1400-406: A boy my own age who's a hurricane in pants! Del, I'm in love, and it's for real this time." The pair had children Julie and Randy together. Their relationship was considered both romantic and tempestuous. According to Robert Oermann and Mary Bufwack, Cline and Dick's marriage was "fueled by alcohol, argument, passion, jealousy, success, tears, and laughter." According to biographer Ellis Nassour,

1575-603: A brilliant blue laminated product with matching label. Royal Blue issues, made from late 1932 through 1935, are particularly popular with collectors for their rarity and musical interest. The Columbia plant in Oakland, California, did Columbia's pressings for sale west of the Rockies and continued using the Royal Blue material for these until about mid-1936. As southern gospel developed, Columbia had astutely sought to record

1750-414: A catalog of blues and jazz artists, including Bessie Smith in their 14000-D Race series. Columbia also had a successful "Hillbilly" series (15000-D) with Dan Hornsby among others. By 1927, the "Sweet Jazz" bandleader Guy Lombardo also joined Columbia and recorded forty five 78 rpm's by 1931. In 1928, Paul Whiteman , the nation's most popular orchestra leader, left Victor to record for Columbia. During

1925-658: A closet full of her daughter's stage costumes, including a sequined dress Cline wore while performing in Las Vegas in 1962. She worked as a seamstress and made many of her daughter's stage costumes. Hensley died from natural causes in 1998. Cline's father Samuel Hensley died of lung cancer in 1956. Hensley had deserted the family in 1947. Shortly before his death, upon learning that he was gravely ill, Cline said to her mother, "Mama, I know what-all he did, but it seems he's real sick and may not make it. In spite of everything, I want to visit him." Cline and her mother visited him at

SECTION 10

#1732787743924

2100-477: A cold, Cline performed at 2:00, 5:15, and 8:15 pm. All the shows were standing-room only. For the 2 p.m. show, she wore a sky-blue tulle-laden dress; for the 5:15 show, a red dress; and for the closing show at 8 p.m., Cline wore white chiffon. Her final song was the last she had recorded the previous month, "I'll Sail My Ship Alone". Cline, who had spent the night at the Town House Motor Hotel ,

2275-702: A conceited little son of a bitch! You just go out there, do your spot, and leave without saying hello to anyone." Howard was upset and replied angrily back. Cline then laughed and said, "Slow down! Hoss, you're all right. Anybody that'll stand there and talk back to the Cline like that is all right...I can tell we're gonna be good friends!" The pair remained close for the remainder of Cline's life. Other friendships Cline had with female artists included Brenda Lee , Barbara Mandrell and pianist Del Wood . She also became friends with male country artists including Roger Miller , who helped Cline find material to record. Faron Young

2450-400: A concert in her hometown. Cline convinced concert employees to let her backstage where she asked Fowler for an audition. Following a successful audition, Cline's family received a call asking for her to audition for the Opry. She traveled with her mother, two siblings, and a family friend on an eight-hour journey to Nashville, Tennessee . With limited finances, they drove overnight and slept in

2625-757: A decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American sound recording. In 1903, to add prestige to its early catalog of artists, Columbia contracted several prominent singers from the Metropolitan Opera in New York to make a highly touted series of Grand Opera Records. These stars included Marcella Sembrich , Lillian Nordica , Antonio Scotti , and Edouard de Reszke , but

2800-468: A distribution deal with Philips Records to market Columbia recordings outside North America. EMI continued to distribute Okeh and later Epic label recordings until 1968. EMI also continued to distribute Columbia recordings in Australia and New Zealand. American Columbia was not happy with EMI's reluctance to introduce long playing records. Columbia became the most successful non-rock record company in

2975-481: A fan." The present-day American female blues, swing, and rock and roll singer, songwriter and record producer Casey Hensley is a distant relation of Cline's. Cline was married twice. Her first marriage was to Gerald Cline, on March 7, 1953. His family had owned a contracting and excavating company in Frederick, Maryland . According to Cline's brother Sam, he liked "flashy cars and women." The two met while she

3150-668: A few more years. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players. Columbia Phonograph relocated to Bridgeport, Connecticut , and Edward Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation . In late 1922, Columbia entered receivership. The company was bought by its UK subsidiary, the Columbia Graphophone Company , in 1925 and the label, record numbering system, and recording process changed. On February 25, 1925, Columbia began recording with

3325-535: A forerunner for women in country music, being among the first to sell records and headline concerts. In 1973, she became the first female performer to be inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame . In the 1980s, Cline's posthumous successes continued in the mass media. She was portrayed twice in major motion pictures, including the 1985 biopic Sweet Dreams starring Jessica Lange . Several documentaries and stage shows about her have been made, including

3500-506: A genuine interest in her career" and they became close friends. The pair often spent time at their homes and worked on packaged tour dates together. West also stated Cline was a supportive friend who helped out in times of need. Jan Howard was a third female artist with whom Cline had a close friendship. The pair first met when Cline tried starting an argument with Howard backstage at the Grand Ole Opry. She said to Howard, "You're

3675-546: A group of investors. It derived its name from the District of Columbia , where it was headquartered. At first it had a local monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington, D.C. , Maryland , and Delaware . As was the custom of some of the regional phonograph companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own, and its catalog of musical records in 1891

SECTION 20

#1732787743924

3850-475: A high executive with RCA Victor from 1932 thru 1938, was asked to comment on ARC. "The chief value was that the record industry had come back tremendously, especially in the case of two other record companies; and the American Record Company, with all its facilities, had not, so far as I could learn, increased its business in any degree at all in the previous six years." On December 17, 1938,

4025-600: A hospital in Martinsburg, West Virginia . Cline's mother died in 1998, 35 years after Cline's death. Both of Cline's surviving siblings fought in court over their mother's estate. Because of legal fees, many of Cline's possessions were sold at auction. Cline had two surviving children at the time of her death: Julie Simadore and Allen Randolph "Randy". Julie has been a significant factor in keeping her mother's legacy alive. She has appeared at numerous public appearances in support of her mother's music and career. Following

4200-707: A member of Bill Peer's Melody Boys and Girls. The pair's relationship turned romantic, continuing an affair for several years. Nonetheless, the pair remained married to their spouses. Peer's group played primarily at the Moose Lodge in Brunswick, Maryland where she would meet her first husband, Gerald Cline. Peer encouraged her to have a more appropriate stage name. She changed her first name from Virginia to Patsy (taken from her middle name "Patterson"). She kept her new last name, Cline. Ultimately, she became professionally known as "Patsy Cline". In August 1953, Cline

4375-632: A member of the Opry. When she asked general manager Ott Devine about a membership he replied, "Patsy, if that's all you want, you're on the Opry." Also in January 1960, Cline made her final recording sessions set forth in her contract with Four Star Records. Later that year, her final singles with the label were released: " Lovesick Blues " and " Crazy Dreams ". Leaving Four Star, Cline officially signed with Decca Records in late 1960, working exclusively under Bradley's direction. Insisting on receiving an advance, she received $ 1,000 from Bradley once she began at

4550-847: A press release, "The American Record Co. tag is discarded". Columbia Records was actually reborn on May 22, 1939, as "Columbia Recording Corporation, Inc.", a Delaware corporation. The NYDOS shows a later incorporation date of April 4, 1947. This corporation changed its name to Columbia Records, Inc. on October 11, 1954, and reverted to Columbia Recording Corporation on January 2, 1962. The Columbia trademark remained under Columbia Records, Inc. of Delaware, filed back in 1929. Brothers Ike and Leon Levy owned stakes in CBS. In February 1939, NYC Studios moved from ARC headquarters at 1776 Broadway, to 799 7th Avenue, 6th&7th flrs, New York City ("Studio A"). Corporate offices, studio and Pressing Plant would also continue at 1473 Barnum Avenue, Bridgeport, CT. John Hammond

4725-533: A prisoner." Around the same time, Cline was fired from her regular slot on Town and Country Jamboree . According to Connie B. Gay, she ran late for shows and "showed up with liquor on her breath." In September 1957, Cline married Charlie Dick and he was soon sent to Fort Bragg, North Carolina on a military assignment. Cline also gave birth to her first daughter Julie. In hopes of restarting her career, Cline and her family moved to Nashville, Tennessee . Cline's professional decisions yielded more positive results by

4900-467: A ranch house located in Goodlettsville, Tennessee , a suburb of Nashville. The home was decorated by Cline and included a music room, several bedrooms and a large backyard. According to Dottie West , "the house was her mansion, the sign she'd arrived." Cline called it her "dream home" and often had friends over to visit. After her death, the house was sold to country artist Wilma Burgess . In

5075-557: A sense of impending doom and did not expect to live much longer. In letters, she would also describe the happiness of her new career successes. In January 1963, her next single " Leavin' on Your Mind " was released and debuted on the Billboard country chart soon after. In February, she recorded her final sessions for Decca Records. Among the songs recorded were " Sweet Dreams ", " He Called Me Baby ", and " Faded Love ". Cline arranged for friends Jan Howard and Dottie West to come and hear

5250-458: A set of CDs devoted to Columbia's Broadway albums. Over the years, Columbia joined Decca and RCA Victor in specializing in albums devoted to Broadway musicals with members of the original casts. In the 1950s, Columbia also began releasing LPs drawn from the soundtracks of popular films. Many album covers put together by Columbia and the other major labels were put together using one piece of cardboard (folded in half) and two paper "slicks", one for

5425-759: A single in January 1961, "I Fall to Pieces" attracted little attention upon its initial issue. In April, the song debuted on the Hot Country and Western Sides chart. By August 7, the song became her first to top the country chart. Additionally, "I Fall to Pieces" crossed over onto the Billboard Pop chart , peaking at number 12. Billboard ranked it as the No. 2 song for 1961 in the end of year charts. On June 14, 1961, Cline and her brother Sam Hensley Jr. were involved in an automobile accident. Cline had brought her mother, sister and brother to see her new Nashville home

Quonset Hut Studio - Misplaced Pages Continue

5600-582: A single take. "Crazy" was released as a single in October 1961, debuting on the Billboard country charts in November. It would peak at number 2 there and number 9 on the same publication's pop charts. "Crazy" would also become Cline's biggest pop hit. Her second studio album Patsy Cline Showcase was released in late 1961. The album featured both major hits from that year and re-recorded versions of " Walkin' After Midnight " and " A Poor Man's Roses (Or

5775-527: A skilled modernist composer himself, Columbia cemented contracts with jazz composer/musicians Thelonious Monk and Charles Mingus , while Macero became a significant figure in Miles Davis career from an explorer of the art of modal jazz from Davis' sextets 1958 album Milestones to innovator and avatar of the marriage of jazz with rock and electronic sounds—commonly known as jazz fusion . In 1954, Columbia embraced small-group modern jazz by signing of

5950-501: A stylus (the legs) on a record (the eye); however, the "eye" also subtly refers to CBS's main business in television , and that division's iconic Eye logo. Columbia continued to use the "notes and mike" logo on record labels and even used a promo label showing both logos until the "notes and mike" was phased out (along with the 78 in the US) in 1958. In Canada, Columbia 78s were pressed with the "Walking Eye" logo in 1958. The original Walking Eye

6125-413: A time when the economy was bad enough that many of them would not have had the opportunity to enter a studio and play real jazz (a handful of these in this special series were issued in the US). Hammond's work for Columbia was interrupted by his service during World War II , and he had less involvement with the music scene during the bebop era, but when he returned to work as a talent scout for Columbia in

6300-567: The Australian Record Company (founded in 1936) including Coronet Records , one of the leading Australian independent recording and distribution companies of the day. The CBS Coronet label was replaced by the CBS label with the 'walking eye' logo in 1963. ARC continued trading under that name until the late 1970s when it formally changed its business name to CBS Australia. Patsy Cline Patsy Cline (born Virginia Patterson Hensley ; September 8, 1932 – March 5, 1963)

6475-519: The Billboard country chart. It was also Cline's first entry in the United Kingdom singles chart, reaching number 43. The cover by Alma Cogan , one of Britain's most popular female artists of the 1950s, performed notably as well. In 1962, Cline had three major hits with " When I Get Through with You , " So Wrong ", and " Imagine That ". Cline's career successes helped her become financially stable enough to purchase her first home. She bought

6650-521: The Eastman School of Music in the 1930s.) Miller quickly signed up Mercury's biggest artist at the time, Frankie Laine , and discovered several of the decade's biggest recording stars including Tony Bennett , Mahalia Jackson , Jimmy Boyd , Guy Mitchell (whose stage surname was taken from Miller's first name), Johnnie Ray , The Four Lads , Rosemary Clooney , Kay Lande , Ray Conniff , Jerry Vale and Johnny Mathis . He also oversaw many of

6825-635: The Merri-Mint Theatre in Las Vegas, Nevada for 35 days. Cline would later dislike the experience. During the engagement, she developed a dry throat. She also was homesick and wanted to spend time with her children. By appearing at the engagement, Cline became the first female country artist to headline her own show in Las Vegas. During this period Cline was said to have experienced premonitions of her own death. Dottie West, June Carter Cash , and Loretta Lynn recalled Cline telling them she felt

7000-682: The Westminster Choir conducted by Leonard Bernstein (recorded on December 31, 1956, on 1 ⁄ 2 -inch tape, using an Ampex 300-3 machine). Bernstein combined the Nativity and Resurrection sections, and ended the performance with the death of Christ. As with RCA Victor, most of the early stereo recordings were of classical artists, including the New York Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Bruno Walter , Dimitri Mitropoulos , and Leonard Bernstein , and

7175-532: The piano . With the new performing opportunities, Cline's interest in singing grew, and at the age of 14, she told her mother that she was going to audition for the local radio station. Her first radio performances were at WINC in the Winchester area. According to WINC's radio disc jockey Joltin' Jim McCoy, Cline appeared in the station's waiting room one day and asked to audition. McCoy was impressed by her audition performance, reportedly saying, "Well, if you've got nerve enough to stand before that mic and sing over

Quonset Hut Studio - Misplaced Pages Continue

7350-553: The swing music era, Hammond had already been of great help to Columbia in 1932–33. Through his involvement in the UK music paper Melody Maker , Hammond had arranged for the struggling US Columbia label to provide recordings for the UK Columbia label, mostly using the specially created Columbia W-265000 matrix series. Hammond recorded Fletcher Henderson , Benny Carter , Joe Venuti , Roger Wolfe Kahn and other jazz performers during

7525-536: The 10-inch variety initially selling for 65 cents each. Columbia also introduced the internal-horn " Grafonola " to compete with the extremely popular " Victrola " introduced by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company in 1906. During this era, Columbia began to use the "Magic Notes" logo—a pair of sixteenth notes (semiquavers) in a circle—both in the United States and overseas (where this particular logo would never substantially change). In 1908, Columbia ceased

7700-546: The 10th anniversary of the introduction of the LP, in 1958 Columbia initiated the "Adventures in Sound" series that showcased music from around the world. As far as the catalog numbering system went, there was no correlation between mono and stereo versions for the first few years. Columbia started a new CS 8000 series for pop stereo releases, and figuring the stereo releases as some sort of specialty niche records, didn't bother to link

7875-491: The 1931 Brunswick lease agreement, so they discontinued Vocalion in June 1940, and fired up Okeh. By July, it was releasing new Hillbilly platters by Gene Autry and Bob Wills, and re-issuing past Vocalion discs, using the same catalogue numbers with a leading zero added. When a January 1941 audit found that not more than 150,000 Brunswick records had sold during the period from December 1, 1939, through December 31, 1940, control of

8050-509: The 1950s after it lured producer and bandleader Mitch Miller away from the Mercury label in 1950. Despite its many successes, Columbia remained largely uninvolved in the teenage rock'n'roll market until the mid-1960s, despite a handful of crossover hits, largely because of Miller's frequently expressed loathing of rock'n'roll. (Miller was a classically trained oboist who had been a friend of Columbia executive Goddard Lieberson since their days at

8225-436: The 1950s, his career proved to be of incalculable historical and cultural importance – the list of superstar artists he would discover and sign to Columbia over the course of his career included Charlie Christian , Count Basie , Teddy Wilson , Pete Seeger , Bob Dylan , Leonard Cohen , Aretha Franklin , Bruce Springsteen and Stevie Ray Vaughan , and in the early 1960s Hammond would also exert an enormous cultural effect on

8400-438: The 1956 Newport Jazz Festival , which proved a boost to a bandleader whose career had stalled. Under new head producer George Avakian , Columbia became the most vital label to the general public's appreciation and understanding (with help from Avakian's prolific and perceptive play-by-play liner notes) of jazz, releasing a series of LP's by Louis Armstrong , but also signing to long-term contracts Dave Brubeck and Miles Davis ,

8575-492: The 1988 musical Always...Patsy Cline . A 1991 box set of her recordings received critical acclaim. Her greatest hits album sold over 10 million copies in 2005. In 2011, Cline's childhood home in Winchester was restored as a museum for visitors and fans to tour. Virginia Patterson Hensley was born in Winchester, Virginia , on September 8, 1932, to Hilda Virginia (née Patterson) and Samuel Lawrence Hensley. Mrs. Hensley

8750-591: The ARC, including the Columbia label in the U.S., was acquired by William S. Paley of the Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. for US$ 700,000, ten times the price ARC paid in 1934, which would later spark lawsuits by disgruntled shareholders. (Columbia Records had originally co-founded CBS in 1927 along with New York talent agent Arthur Judson , but soon cashed out of the partnership leaving only

8925-710: The Bradleys purchased a 3-track mixing console from Decca and built a control room in the Quonset hut to turn it into Studio B. The Quonset hut location of Studio B also offered sufficient space for recording the musical elements essential to the developing Nashville sound , such as orchestras and string sections . A steady string of hits were produced at Bradley Studios, including Sonny James ' " Young Love ", and Ferlin Husky 's "Gone", as well as Conway Twitty 's first hit single " It's Only Make Believe " in 1958. That same year Johnny Cash recorded his second studio album at

SECTION 50

#1732787743924

9100-576: The Columbia Graphophone Company, had been the moving force behind bringing Western Electric's recording process, and the British takeover. Originally from New York, Sterling became Chairman of Columbia NY from 1925 until 1931, and oversaw stability and success. In 1926, Columbia acquired Okeh Records and its growing stable of jazz and blues artists, including Louis Armstrong and Clarence Williams . Columbia had already built

9275-471: The Columbia Records name because EMI operated a separate record label by that name, Columbia Graphophone Company , outside North America. This was the result of legal maneuvers which led to the creation of EMI in the early 1930s. While this happened, starting in late 1961, both the mono and the stereo labels of domestic Columbia releases started carrying a small "CBS" at the top of the label. This

9450-534: The Columbia name. During the 1940s, Frank Sinatra recorded for Columbia and helped to substantially boost the company's revenue. Sinatra recorded over 200 songs for Columbia which include his most popular songs from his early years. Other popular artists on Columbia at this time included Benny Goodman (signed from RCA Victor in 1939), Count Basie , Jimmie Lunceford (both signed from Decca), Eddy Duchin , Ray Noble (both moved to Columbia from Brunswick), Kate Smith , Mildred Bailey , and Will Bradley . In 1947,

9625-563: The Dave Brubeck Quartet, which resulted in the release of the on-location, best-selling jazz album (up to this time), Jazz Goes to College . Contemporaneously with Columbia's first release of modern jazz by a small group, which was also the Brubeck Quartet's debut on the label, was a Time magazine cover story on the phenomenon of Brubeck's success on college campuses. The humble Dave Brubeck demurred, saying that

9800-572: The Gramophone Company (HMV) was now a wholly owned subsidiary of Victor, and Columbia in America was a subsidiary of UK Columbia, Victor now technically owned its largest rival in the US. To avoid antitrust legislation, EMI had to sell off its US Columbia operation, which continued to release pressings of matrices made in the UK. In December, 1931, the U.S. Columbia Phonograph Company, Inc.

9975-442: The LP record was officially demonstrated, Columbia offered to share the new speed with rival RCA Victor, who initially rejected it and soon introduced their new competitive 45 RPM record. When it became clear that the LP was the preferred format for classical recordings, RCA Victor announced that the company would begin releasing its own LPs in January 1950. This was quickly followed by the other major American labels. Decca Records in

10150-657: The Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by Eugene Ormandy , who also recorded an abridged Messiah for Columbia. Some sessions were made with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra, an ensemble drawn from leading New York musicians, which had first made recordings with Sir Thomas Beecham in 1949 in Columbia's New York City studios. George Szell and the Cleveland Orchestra recorded mostly for Epic. When Epic dropped classical music,

10325-735: The Quonset hut attached to the rear of the building was retained, while the new Studio A, which measured 58 feet by 37 feet wide, and was 25 feet high, opened on October 22, 1965. In 1966 on the suggestion of producer Bob Johnston , the recording sessions for Bob Dylan 's album Blonde on Blonde were moved from Columbia's studios in New York City to Nashville, and that album was followed up by John Wesley Harding (1967) and Nashville Skyline (1969), all recorded at Columbia Studio A in Nashville. Johnston himself became head of Columbia in Nashville, and produced albums for Leonard Cohen at

10500-399: The Quonset hut studio and recorded his hit song " Ring of Fire ", and would later record " Jackson " at the studio with June Carter in 1967. In 1963, Bobby Vinton recorded his No. 1 song " Blue Velvet " at the studio, and the same year, Loretta Lynn recorded her first studio album there, the first of five she would record at the studio. The same year, Columbia announced plans to demolish

10675-435: The Quonset hut. Columbia Records Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Music Group , the American division of multinational conglomerate Sony . Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. From 1961 to 1991, its recordings were released outside North America under

SECTION 60

#1732787743924

10850-720: The Rough Guide reported that Owen Bradley recognized potential in Cline's voice and once he gained studio control, he smoothed arrangements and "refined her voice into an instrument of torch-singing glory." In November 1961, she was invited to perform as part of the Grand Ole Opry's show at Carnegie Hall in New York City . She was joined by Opry stars Minnie Pearl , Grandpa Jones , Jim Reeves , Bill Monroe , Marty Robbins , and Faron Young . Despite positive reviews, New York Journal-American columnist Dorothy Kilgallen commented, "everybody should get out of town because

11025-529: The Strangers recorded If We Make It Through December in the Quonset hut studio (Columbia B). The same year, Charlie Rich recorded his hit album Behind Closed Doors at the studio, including the hit title track and the even more successful follow-up release, " The Most Beautiful Girl ". In 1981 Elvis Costello and the Attractions chose Columbia Studio A in Nashville to record Almost Blue ,

11200-479: The U.K. was the first to release LPs in Europe, beginning in 1949. EMI would not fully adopt the LP format until 1955. An "original cast recording" of Rodgers & Hammerstein 's South Pacific with Ezio Pinza and Mary Martin was recorded in 1949. Both conventional metal masters and tape were used in the sessions in New York City. For some reason, the taped version was not used until Sony released it as part of

11375-479: The U.S. Columbia material was issued in Australia and New Zealand on the CBS Coronet label. In the same year, former Columbia A&R manager Goddard Lieberson was promoted to President of the entire CBS recording division, which included Columbia and Epic, as well as the company's various international divisions and licensees. Under his leadership the corporation's music division soon overtook RCA Victor as

11550-510: The Winchester area as a clerk and soda jerk . At age 15, Cline wrote a letter to the Grand Ole Opry asking for an audition. She told local photographer Ralph Grubbs about the letter, "A friend thinks I'm crazy to send it. What do you think?" Grubbs encouraged Cline to send it. Several weeks later, she received a return letter from the Opry asking for pictures and recordings. At the same time, Gospel performer Wally Fowler headlined

11725-612: The Worm' sold 2.5 million copies. In 1929, Ben Selvin became house bandleader and A. & R. director. Other favorites in the Viva-tonal era included Ruth Etting , Paul Whiteman, Fletcher Henderson , Ipana Troubadours (a Sam Lanin group), and Ted Lewis . Columbia used acoustic recording for "budget label" pop product well into 1929 on the labels Harmony, Velvet Tone (both general purpose labels), and Diva (sold exclusively at W.T. Grant stores). When Edison Records folded, Columbia

11900-443: The abuse to friend Loretta Lynn , Cline told her, "take this to your grave." Hilda Hensley would later report details of the abuse to producers of Cline's 1985 biopic Sweet Dreams . At age 13, Cline was hospitalized with a throat infection and rheumatic fever . Speaking of the incident in 1957 she said, "I developed a terrible throat infection and my heart even stopped beating. The doctor put me in an oxygen tent. You might say it

12075-531: The accident via the radio and rushed to the scene, helping to remove pieces of broken glass from Cline's hair. When first responders arrived, Cline insisted the driver in the other vehicle be treated first. Two of the three passengers riding in the car that struck Cline died after arriving at the hospital. When she was brought to the hospital, her injuries were life-threatening and she was not expected to live. She underwent surgery and survived. According to her husband Charlie Dick, upon waking up she said to him, "Jesus

12250-668: The aegis of the Mull Singing Convention of the Air sponsored on radio (and later television) by southern gospel broadcaster J. Bazzel Mull (1914–2006). In 1935, Herbert M. Greenspon, an 18-year-old shipping clerk, led a committee to organize the first trade union shop at the main manufacturing factory in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Elected as president of the Congress of Industrial Unions (CIO) local, Greenspon negotiated

12425-423: The air live, I've got nerve enough to let you." While performing on the radio, Cline also started appearing in talent contests and created a nightclub cabaret act similar to performer Helen Morgan's . Cline's parents had marital conflicts during her childhood and by 1947 her father had deserted the family. Author Ellis Nassour of the biography Honky Tonk Angel: An Intimate Story of Patsy Cline reported Cline had

12600-516: The airport and boarding a Piper PA-24 Comanche plane, aircraft registration number N7000P. On board were Cline, Copas, Hawkins, and pilot Randy Hughes. The plane stopped once in Rogers, Arkansas , to refuel and subsequently landed at Dyersburg Municipal Airport in Dyersburg, Tennessee , at 5 p.m. Hawkins had accepted Billy Walker's place after Walker left on a commercial flight to take care of

12775-636: The artists associated with the emerging genre; for example, Columbia was the only company to record Charles Davis Tillman . Most fortuitously for Columbia in its Depression Era financial woes, in 1936 the company entered into an exclusive recording contract with the Chuck Wagon Gang , a hugely successful relationship which continued into the 1970s. A signature group of southern gospel, the Chuck Wagon Gang became Columbia's bestsellers with at least 37 million records, many of them through

12950-490: The back of the house to create a 78 x 35-foot sound stage for filming musical performances, and renamed the studios to Bradleys' Film & Recording Studios in 1957. The Bradleys produced several Country Style, USA film programs in the Quonset hut, but the demand for recording music in the Quonset hut (which was much larger than the house's basement Studio A) eventually overtook the Bradley's film production business, and

13125-548: The blues-R&B label, and the exclusive outlet for Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys , a phenomenal mid-1930s Western Swing band, which drew 10,000+ customers nightly to dance. Columbia was added in mid-1932, relegated to slower sellers such as the Hawaiian music of Andy Iona , the Irving Mills stable of artists and songs, and the still unknown Benny Goodman . It tried a marketing ploy, the Columbia "Royal Blue Record",

13300-540: The bottom to the back and "pasted over" by the back slick. Conversely, for a mono album, they moved the slick up so the mono information showed at the bottom, and the stereo information was pasted over. Soon, other record companies had adopted the paste-over method. In 1951, Columbia US began issuing records in the 45 rpm format RCA Victor had introduced two years earlier. The same year, Ted Wallerstein retired as Columbia Records chairman; and Columbia US also severed its decades-long distribution arrangement with EMI and signed

13475-608: The case). The blue Columbia label was retained for its classical music Columbia Masterworks Records series until it was later changed to a green label before switching to a gray label in the late 1950s, and then to the bronze that is familiar to owners of Columbia/CBS classical and Broadway albums. Columbia Phonograph Company of Canada did not survive the Great Depression , so CBS made a distribution deal with Sparton Records in 1939 to release Columbia records in Canada under

13650-637: The catalog were in the 10 inch format starting with ML 2001 for the light classics, CL 6001 for popular songs and JL 8001 for children's records. The Library of Congress in Washington DC now holds the Columbia Records Paperwork Archive which shows the Label order for ML 4001 being written on March 1, 1948. One can infer that Columbia was pressing the first LPs for distribution to their dealers for at least 3 months prior to

13825-450: The collaborative effort, but Wallerstein credits engineer William Savory with the technical prowess that brought the long-playing disc to the public. By the early 1940s, Columbia had been experimenting with higher fidelity recordings, as well as longer masters, which paved the way for the successful release of the LPs in 1948. One such record that helped set a new standard for music listeners

14000-529: The company was renamed Columbia Records Inc. and founded its Mexican record company, Discos Columbia de Mexico. 1948 saw the first classical LP Nathan Milstein's recording of the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto . Columbia's new 33 rpm format quickly spelled the death of the classical 78 rpm record and for the first time in nearly fifty years, gave Columbia a commanding lead over RCA Victor Red Seal . Columbia's president Edward Wallerstein

14175-481: The conviction of Wanda Jackson or the spunk of Brenda Lee . In fact, in comparison with her best work, she sounds rather stiff and ill-at-ease on most of her early singles." Between 1955 and 1956, Cline's four singles for Four Star failed to become hits. However, she continued performing regionally, including on the Town and Country Jamboree . In 1956, she appeared on ABC's Country Music Jubilee, Ozark Jubilee . It

14350-575: The cover of Time magazine were all Columbia artists. (In the early 1960s Columbia jazz artist Thelonious Monk would be afforded the same honor.) Columbia changed distributors in Australia and New Zealand in 1956 when the Australian Record Company picked up distribution of U.S. Columbia product to replace the Capitol Records product which ARC lost when EMI bought Capitol. As EMI owned the Columbia trademark at that time,

14525-448: The day before. On the day of the accident, Cline and her brother went shopping to buy material for her mother to make clothing. Upon driving home, their car was struck head-on by another vehicle. The impact threw her directly into the car windshield, causing extensive facial injuries. Among her injuries, Cline suffered a broken wrist, dislocated hip and a large cut across her forehead, barely missing her eyes. Friend Dottie West heard about

14700-518: The death of her father in 2015, she helped open a museum dedicated to Cline in Nashville, Tennessee . Julie has few memories of her mother due to Cline's death while she was young. In an interview with People Magazine , Julie discussed her mother's legacy, "I do understand her position in history, and the history of Nashville and country music...I'm still kind of amazed at it myself, because there's 'Mom' and then there's 'Patsy Cline,' and I'm actually

14875-496: The delight of many, this did not happen, and Art went on to many more successful years supervising all aspects of Columbia's Hillbilly/Country artists and sessions. On August 30, 1939, Columbia replaced its $ .75 Brunswick record for a $ .50 Columbia label. Brunswick was gradually phased out, the final issue being Brunswick 8520, in April 1940. Wallerstein and Paley knew in advance that their course of action would lead to violation of

15050-619: The direction of producer Owen Bradley , her musical sound shifted and she achieved consistent success. The 1961 single " I Fall to Pieces " became her first to top the Billboard country chart. As the song became a hit, Cline was severely injured in an automobile accident, which caused her to spend a month in the hospital. After she recovered, her next single " Crazy " also became a major hit. During 1962 and 1963, Cline had hits with " She's Got You ", " When I Get Through with You ", " So Wrong " and " Leavin' on Your Mind ". She also toured and headlined shows with more frequency. On March 5, 1963, she

15225-424: The early 1960s. Upon moving to Nashville, she signed a management deal with Randy Hughes. She originally wished to work with Hubert Long, however, he was busy managing other artists. Instead, she turned her attention to Hughes. With the help of Hughes, she began working steadier jobs. He organized fifty dollar bookings and got her multiple performances on the Grand Ole Opry . In January 1960, Cline officially became

15400-433: The early numbers with the "ledge" variation (i.e., no deep groove), had the small "CBS". This text would be used on the Columbia labels until June 1962. Columbia's Mexican unit, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS. With the formation of CBS Records International, CBS started establishing its own distribution in the early 1960s, beginning in Australia. In 1960 CBS took over its distributor in Australia and New Zealand,

15575-846: The early singles by the label's top female recording star of the decade, Doris Day . In 1953, Columbia formed a new subsidiary label Epic Records . 1954 saw Columbia end its distribution arrangement with Sparton Records and form Columbia Records of Canada. To enhance its country music stable, which already included Marty Robbins , Ray Price and Carl Smith , Columbia bid $ 15,000 for Elvis Presley 's contract from Sun Records in 1955. Presley's manager, Colonel Tom Parker , turned down their offer and signed Presley with RCA Victor. However, Columbia did sign two Sun artists in 1958: Johnny Cash and Carl Perkins . With 1954, Columbia U.S. decisively broke with its past when it introduced its new, modernist -style "Walking Eye" logo, designed by Columbia's art director S. Neil Fujita . This logo actually depicts

15750-417: The electric recording process licensed from Western Electric . "Viva-tonal" records set a benchmark in tone and clarity unequaled on commercial discs during the 78-rpm era. The first electrical recordings were made by Art Gillham , the "Whispering Pianist". In a secret agreement with Victor, electrical technology was kept secret to avoid hurting sales of acoustic records. Louis Sterling, managing director of

15925-540: The emerging rock music scene thanks to his championing of reissue LPs of the music of blues artists Robert Johnson and Bessie Smith . By 1937–38, the record business in America was finally recovering from the near-death blow of the Great Depression, at least for RCA Victor and Decca, but privately, there were doubts about the survival of ARC. In a 1941 court case brought by unhappy shareholders of Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. ("CBS"), Edward Wallerstein,

16100-573: The end of 1956 and divorced in 1957. Cline married her second husband Charlie Dick on September 15, 1957. The pair met in 1956 while Cline was performing with a local Virginia band. At the time, Dick was a linotype operator for a local newspaper, The Winchester Star . According to Dick, he had asked Cline to dance, and she replied, "I can't dance while I'm working, okay?" They eventually started spending time together, and Cline told close friends about their relationship. Cline told Grand Ole Opry pianist Del Wood in 1956, "Hoss, I got some news. I met

16275-896: The entire production sounds absolutely effortless." Jhoni Jackson of Paste Magazine called the recording "iconic", highlighting the emotional "pain" Cline expressed in her voice. "Crazy" and Cline's further Decca recordings have received critical praise. Mary Bufwack and Robert Oermann noted "Her thrilling voice invariably invested these with new depth. Patsy's dramatic volume control, stretched-note effects, sobs, pauses and unique ways of holding back, then bursting into full-throated phrases also breathed new life into country chestnuts like " San Antonio Rose ", " Blue Moon of Kentucky ", and " Half as Much ". Richie Unterberger of AllMusic commented that her voice "sounded richer, more confident, and more mature, with ageless wise and vulnerable qualities that have enabled her records to maintain their appeal with subsequent generations." Kurt Wolff of Country Music

16450-408: The first contract between factory workers and Columbia management. In a career with Columbia that lasted 30 years, Greenspon retired after achieving the position of executive vice president of the company. Columbia also hired talent scout, music writer, producer, and impresario John Hammond in 1937. Alongside his significance as a discoverer, promoter, and producer of jazz, blues, and folk artists during

16625-508: The first of several of the artist's classic songs recorded at the studio, including " I Fall to Pieces " and " Crazy ". In 1958, Bradley asked a 13-year old Brenda Lee to record " Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree " at the studio, and the artist continued to record at the studio with Bradley through the early 1960s, including her signature song , " I'm Sorry ". In 1961, during the recording of Marty Robbins ' song, " Don't Worry " at

16800-425: The former residential structure housing Studio A in order to construct a new three-story office building with estimated cost of $ 100,000 that included a new, larger recording studio, two editing rooms, two mastering rooms, a musicians' lounge, and an engineering room. The new building's address was 804 16th Avenue South (which would become 34 Music Square East when the street was renamed in 1975). The revered Studio B in

16975-457: The front and one for the back. The front slick bent around the top, bottom, and left sides (the right side is open for the record to be inserted into the cover) and glued the two halves of cardboard together at the top and bottom. The back slick is pasted over the edges of the pasted-on front slick to make it appear that the album cover is one continuous piece. Columbia discovered that printing two front cover slicks, one for mono and one for stereo,

17150-404: The greatest gift, I think, that you folks coulda given me was the encouragement that you gave me. Right at the very time I needed you the most, you came through with the flying-est colors. And I just want to say you'll just never know how happy you made this ol' country gal." Cline's follow-up single to "I Fall to Pieces" was the song " Crazy ". It was written by Willie Nelson , whose version of

17325-508: The highest number being 32601, "Heinie", which is a duet by Arthur Collins and Byron G. Harlan . The molded brown waxes may have been sold to Sears for distribution (possibly under Sears' Oxford trademark for Columbia products). Columbia began selling disc records , invented and patented by Victor Talking Machine Company's Emile Berliner , and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their "Toy Graphophone" of 1899, which used small, vertically cut records. For

17500-419: The hillbillies are coming!" The comment upset Cline but did not affect ticket sales; the Opry performance sold out. By the end of year, Cline had won several major industry awards including "Favorite Female Vocalist" from Billboard Magazine and Cashbox Magazine ' s "Most Programmed Female Artist". Also in 1961, Cline was back in the studio to record an upcoming album. Among the first songs she recorded

17675-765: The introduction of the LP on June 21, 1948. The catalog numbering system has had minor changes ever since. Columbia's LPs were particularly well-suited to classical music's longer pieces, so some of the early albums featured such artists as Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra , Bruno Walter and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra , and Sir Thomas Beecham and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra . The success of these recordings persuaded Capitol Records to begin releasing LPs in 1949. Even before

17850-470: The label". Kurt Wolff of Country Music the Rough Guide commented that the music was "sturdy enough, but they only hinted at the potential that lurked inside her. Richie Unterberger of Allmusic claimed it was Cline's voice that made the Four Star material less appealing: "Circumstances were not wholly to blame for Cline's commercial failures. She would have never made it as a rockabilly singer, lacking

18025-666: The label. Her first release on Decca was 1961's " I Fall to Pieces ". The song was written by newly established Nashville songwriters Hank Cochran and Harlan Howard . "I Fall to Pieces" had first been turned down by Roy Drusky and Brenda Lee before Cline cut it in November 1960. At the recording session, she worried about the song's production, particularly the background vocals performed by The Jordanaires . After much arguing between both Cline and Bradley, they negotiated that she would record "I Fall to Pieces" (a song Bradley favored) and "Lovin' in Vain" (a song she favored). Released as

18200-532: The latter half of 1961, Columbia started using pressing plants with newer equipment. The "deep groove" pressings were made on older pressing machines, where the groove was an artifact of the metal stamper being affixed to a round center "block" to assure the resulting record would be centered. Newer machines used parts with a slightly different geometry, that only left a small "ledge" where the deep groove used to be. This changeover did not happen all at once, as different plants replaced machines at different times, leaving

18375-505: The loaned trademarks and catalog of master recordings made prior to December 3, 1931, reverted to Warner Bros. Pictures. The Columbia trademark from this point until the late 1950s was two overlapping circles with the Magic Notes in the left circle and a CBS microphone in the right circle. The Royal Blue labels were dropped in favor of a deep red, which caused RCA Victor to claim infringement on its famous Red Seal trademark (RCA lost

18550-499: The low 2000s. Columbia's engineering department developed a process for emulating stereo from a mono source. They called this process "Electronically Rechanneled for Stereo". In the June 16, 1962, issue of Billboard magazine (page 5), Columbia announced it would issue "rechanneled" versions of greatest hits compilations that had been recorded in mono, including albums by Doris Day, Frankie Laine, Percy Faith, Mitch Miller, Marty Robbins, Dave Brubeck, Miles Davis, and Johnny Mathis. By

18725-502: The money to her mother, which she used to the pay the mortgage on her Winchester house. In August 1957, her debut studio album was released on Decca Records. Cline's follow-up singles to "Walkin' After Midnight" did not yield any success. This was partially due to the quality of material chosen for her to record. Cline was dissatisfied with the limited success following "Walkin' After Midnight". Bradley recounted how she often came to him saying, "Hoss, can't you do something? I feel like

18900-462: The mono and stereo numbers for two years. Masterworks classical LPs had an MS 6000 series, while showtunes albums on Masterworks were OS 2000. Finally, in 1960, the pop stereo series jumped from 8300 to 8310 to match Lambert, Hendricks & Ross Sing Ellington , the Lambert, Hendricks & Ross album issued as CL-1510. From that point, the stereo numbers on pop albums were exactly 6800 higher than

19075-402: The mono; stereo classical albums were the mono number plus 600; and showtunes releases were the mono number MINUS 3600. Only the last two digits in the respective catalog series' matched. Pop stereo LPs got into the high 9000s by 1970, when CBS Records revamped and unified its catalog numbering system across all its labels. Masterworks classical albums were in the 7000s, while showtunes stayed in

19250-423: The moods through movement of her hands and body and by the lilt of her voice, reaching way down deep in her soul to bring forth the melody. Most female country music vocalists stand motionless, sing with monotonous high-pitched nasal twang. Patsy's come up with a throaty style loaded with motion and E-motion." In 1954, Bill Peer created and distributed a series of demonstration tapes with Cline's voice on it. A tape

19425-627: The name Maestro FZ-1 Fuzz-Tone . In January 1962, the Bradleys sold Bradley Studios to Columbia Records for $ 300,000, with Columbia assuming operation on February 1. The sale agreement included a non-compete clause that the Bradleys would not operate a studio in Davidson County, and would not open another recording studio within two years. Under Columbia's ownership, the studios initially continued hosting recording sessions for Decca, Mercury , Epic , Capitol , and other labels in addition to Columbia artists. In 1963, Johnny Cash returned to

19600-505: The name CBS Records to avoid confusion with EMI 's Columbia Graphophone Company . Columbia is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels: Epic Records , and former longtime rivals, RCA Records and Arista Records as the latter two were originally owned by BMG before its 2008 relaunch after Sony's acquisition alongside other BMG labels. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded on January 15, 1889, by stenographer, lawyer, and New Jersey native Edward D. Easton (1856–1915) and

19775-497: The name; Paley acquired the fledgling radio network in 1928.) On January 3, 1939, Wallerstein left RCA Victor to become president of the CBS phonograph subsidiary, a position he would hold for twelve years. CBS kept the ARC name for three months. then on April 4, it amended the New York Department of State record of "Columbia Phonograph Company, Inc.," naming several of its own employees to directorships, and announced in

19950-460: The now accepted medium of the record business." Despite Wallerstein's stormy tenure, in June 1948, Columbia introduced the Long Playing "microgroove" LP record format (sometimes written "Lp" in early advertisements), which rotated at 33⅓ revolutions per minute , to be the standard for the gramophone record for forty years. CBS research director Dr. Peter Goldmark played a managerial role in

20125-442: The pair fought often but remained together. They had gained a reputation as "heavy drinkers", but according to Dick himself, they were not "drunks". During one particular fight, Cline had Dick arrested after they became physical with one another. Following Cline's death in 1963, Dick married country artist Jamey Ryan in 1965. The pair divorced in the early 1970s after having one child together. Dick helped keep Cline's legacy alive for

20300-418: The pop charts, the unique sound of the mixing console's faulty channel rapidly became sought after in Nashville studios. Snoddy and fellow WSM radio engineer Revis Virgil Hobbs built a stand-alone device entirely based around three 1n270 germanium transistors that would intentionally recreate the novel fuzzy effect, and the two engineers sold their circuit to Gibson , who commercialized the device in 1962 under

20475-517: The possibility that both deep groove and ledge varieties could be original pressings. The changeover took place starting in late 1961. In 1961, CBS ended its arrangement with Philips Records and formed its own international organization, CBS Records International , in 1962. This subsidiary label released Columbia recordings outside the US and Canada on the CBS label (until 1964 marketed by Philips in Britain). The recordings could not be released under

20650-461: The program, but Davis preferred another song she had recorded, " Walkin' After Midnight ". Cline initially refused to perform it, but ultimately agreed to it. Davis also suggested Cline wear a cocktail dress instead of the cowgirl outfit created by her mother. She performed "Walkin' After Midnight" and won the program's contest that night. The song had not yet been released as a single. In order to keep up with public demand, Decca Records rush-released

20825-435: The radio shortly after Cline's 1961 car accident. Cline heard the broadcast and sent her husband to pick up Lynn so they could meet. According to Lynn, the pair became close friends "right away." Lynn later described their friendship in detail, "She taught me a lot about show business, like how to go on a stage and how to get off. She even bought me a lot of clothes... She even bought me curtains and drapes for my house because I

21000-499: The recording and manufacturing of wax cylinder records after arranging to issue celluloid cylinder records made by the Indestructible Record Company of Albany, New York , as "Columbia Indestructible Records". In July 1912, Columbia decided to concentrate exclusively on disc records and ended production of cylinder phonographs, although Indestructible cylinders continued to be sold under the Columbia label for

21175-454: The remainder of his life. He assisted in producing several documentaries about Cline's career, including Remembering Patsy and The Real Patsy Cline . He became involved with Hallway Productions in the 1990s and helped produce videos on other artists, including Willie Nelson and The Mamas and the Papas . Dick died in 2015 and was laid to rest next to Cline. On March 3, 1963, Cline performed

21350-400: The roster and catalogue was moved to Columbia Masterworks Records . Columbia released its first pop stereo albums in the summer of 1958. All of the first dozen or so were stereo versions of albums already available in mono. It was not until September 1958, that Columbia began simultaneous mono/stereo releases. Mono versions of otherwise stereo recordings were discontinued in 1968. To celebrate

21525-628: The same year, Columbia executive Frank Buckley Walker pioneered some of the first country music or "hillbilly" genre recordings with the Johnson City sessions in Tennessee, including artists such as Clarence Horton Greene and "Fiddlin'" Charlie Bowman . He followed that with a return to Tennessee the next year, as well as recording sessions in other cities of the South. Moran and Mack as The Two Black Crows 1926 recording 'The Early Bird Catches

21700-447: The second Time cover story on a jazz musician (the first featured Louis Armstrong 's picture) had been earned by Duke Ellington , not himself. Within two years Ellington's picture would appear on the cover of Time , following his success at the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival. Ellington at Newport , recorded on Columbia, was also the bandleader-composer-pianist's best-selling album. Moreover, this exclusive trinity of jazz giants featured on

21875-411: The session playbacks. According to Howard, "I was in awe of Patsy. You know, afterward you're supposed to say something nice. I couldn't talk. I was dumbfounded." "At one time or another, she must have helped all of us girl singers who were starting out...Patsy was always giving her friends things [like] the scrapbook of clippings and mementos Patsy gave me weeks before she was killed...when I got home I

22050-404: The session were handpicked by McCall and Paul Cohen . Four Star leased the recordings to the larger Decca Records . For those reasons Owen Bradley was chosen as the session's producer , a professional relationship that would continue into the 1960s. Her first single release was 1955's " A Church, a Courtroom, Then Goodbye ". Although Cline promoted it with an appearance on the Grand Ole Opry ,

22225-420: The show. When Arthur Godfrey asked if Hensley had known Cline her entire life, she replied, "Yes, just about!" Cline and Mrs. Hensley flew into LaGuardia Airport in New York City on January 18, 1957. She made her debut appearance on the program on January 21. The day of the show, she met with the show's producer Janette Davis . Cline had chosen " A Poor Man's Roses (Or a Rich Man's Gold) " to perform on

22400-433: The single became her first major hit on both the country and pop charts. Cline's further singles with Four Star Records were unsuccessful, although she continued performing and recording. After marrying in 1957 and giving birth in 1958, she moved to Nashville, Tennessee , to further her career. Working with new manager Randy Hughes, Cline became a member of the Grand Ole Opry and then moved to Decca Records in 1960. Under

22575-626: The song "bluesy". Richie Unterberger noted "it's well-suited for the almost bemused aura of loneliness of the lyric." The success of "Walkin' After Midnight" brought Cline numerous appearances on shows and major networks. She continued working for Arthur Godfrey over the next several months. She also appeared on the Grand Ole Opry in February and the television program Western Ranch Party in March. The money she had earned from her numerous engagements totaled out to ten thousand dollars. Cline gave all

22750-568: The song as a single on February 11. The song ultimately became Cline's breakthrough hit, peaking at number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country and Western Sides chart. The song also reached number 12 on the Billboard pop music chart . The song has since been considered a classic in country music since its release. Music critics and writers have positively praised "Walkin' After Midnight". Mary Bufwack and Robert Oermann called

22925-443: The song was first heard by Dick. When Dick brought the song to Cline she did not like it. When Dick encouraged her to record "Crazy", Cline replied, "I don't care what you say. I don't like it and I ain't gonna record it. And that's that." Bradley liked the song and set the date for its recording for August 17. When Cline got to Bradley's studio, he convinced her to record it. She listened to Nelson's version of "Crazy" and decided she

23100-548: The song was not successful. Cline recorded a variety of musical styles while recording for Four Star. This included genres such as gospel , rockabilly , traditional country , and pop . Writers and music journalists have had mixed responses on Cline's Four Star material. Robert Oermann and Mary Bufwack of Finding Her Voice: Women in Country Music called the label's choice of material "mediocre". They also commented that Cline seemed to have "groped for her own sound on

23275-471: The state. In her childhood, the family relocated where Samuel Hensley, a blacksmith, could find employment, including Elkton , Staunton , and Norfolk . When the family had little money, she would find work, including at an Elkton poultry factory, where her job was to pluck and cut chickens. The family moved often before finally settling in Winchester, Virginia , on South Kent Street. Cline would later report that her father sexually abused her. When confiding

23450-644: The structure and had it restored. Studio B was reopened as a recording classroom for Belmont University 's Mike Curb College of Entertainment & Music Business in 2009, with Studio A following in 2014. In 2011, the Mike Curb Foundation and The Historical Commission of Metropolitan Nashville and Davidson County erected a historical marker for Bradley Studios at the intersection of Music Square East and Music Circle South. Toontrack produced an expansion library for their EZdrummer software drum instrument , Traditional Country EZX, at Columbia Studio B in

23625-741: The studio following his departure from Sun Records . 1959's #1 song, Johnny Horton 's " The Battle of New Orleans ", was recorded at Bradley Studios, as was Mark Dinning 's hit song " Teen Angel ". Recording sessions were often accomplished with session musicians that came to be known as the Nashville A-Team , as well as vocal backing groups such as the Jordanaires and the Anita Kerr Quartet . In 1957, Patsy Cline recorded " Walkin' After Midnight " with Bradley in Studio B,

23800-525: The studio, including Songs from a Room (1969) and Songs of Love and Hate (1971). Dylan's positive results attracted other folk artists, including Joan Baez and Ian & Sylvia , to record at Columbia's studios beginning in the late 1960s. In 1967, Tammy Wynette recorded her debut studio album at Columbia's Nashville studios, and would record there almost exclusively through the 1970s, including several duet albums with George Jones . In 1968, Jeannie C. Riley recorded her hit " Harper Valley PTA " at

23975-518: The studio. In 1969, Lynn Anderson recorded Rose Garden and its crossover country and pop hit title track at Columbia A, with the song winning Anderson the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards in 1971. In 1970, Ray Price recorded For the Good Times , the best-selling album of the artist's career. In 1973, Merle Haggard and

24150-399: The studio. CBS closed the facility in 1982. Philanthropist Mike Curb bought the structure in 2006 and restored it; it is now a recording classroom for Belmont University 's Mike Curb College of Entertainment & Music Business. Bradley's proposal to build a Nashville recording studio was a response to Paul Cohen , head of Decca Records ' country music division , telling Bradley that he

24325-409: The studios, a defect in the mixing console unexpectedly transformed session musician Grady Martin 's guitar tone into an unusual distorted sound. "I'm pretty sure what happened was the primary transformer opened up, causing session player Grady Martin's guitar sound to go from clean to bludgeoning", Snoddy told The Tennessean in 2013. As Don't Worry topped the country charts and crossed over to

24500-640: The summer of 1962, manager Randy Hughes got her a role in a country music vehicle film. It also starred Dottie West, Webb Pierce and Sonny James . After arriving to film in DeLand, Florida , the producer "ran off with the money," according to West. The movie was never made. In August, her third studio album Sentimentally Yours was released. It featured "She's Got You", as well as several country and pop standards. According to biographer Ellis Nassour, her royalties "were coming in slim" and she needed "financial security." Therefore, Randy Hughes arranged Cline to work at

24675-513: The technical standard of Columbia's Grand Opera series was not considered to be as high as the results achieved with opera singers during the pre–World War I period by Victor, Edison, England's His Master's Voice (The Gramophone Company Ltd.) or Italy's Fonotipia Records . After an abortive attempt in 1904 to manufacture discs with the recording grooves stamped into both sides of each disc—not just one—in 1908 Columbia commenced successful mass production of what they called their "Double-Faced" discs,

24850-502: The time. However, the compilations were so successful that they led to Columbia doing such packages on a widespread basis, usually when an artist's career was in decline. Although Columbia began recording in stereo in 1956, stereo LPs did not begin to be manufactured until 1958. One of Columbia's first stereo releases was an abridged and re-structured performance of Handel 's Messiah by the New York Philharmonic and

25025-528: The top recording company in the world, boasting a star-studded roster of artists and an unmatched catalogue of popular, jazz, classical and stage and screen soundtrack titles. Lieberson, who had joined Columbia as an A&R manager in 1938, was known for both his personal elegance and his dedication to quality, overseeing the release of many hugely successful albums and singles, as well as championing prestige releases that sold relatively poorly, and even some titles that had limited appeal, such as complete editions of

25200-459: The trademarks and masters of the Brunswick, Vocalion , and Melotone labels to ARC. WB would receive a portion of the sales of its catalogues, while ARC was free to use the labels for new recordings. Brunswick immediately became the premium $ .75 label, Melotone would release new hillbilly and other $ .35 dime-store discounted discs, and Vocalion, while re-releasing prior ARC records, would also be

25375-527: The two modern jazz artists who would in 1959 record albums that remain—more than sixty years later—among the best-selling jazz albums by any label—viz., Time Out by the Brubeck Quartet and, to an even greater extent, Kind of Blue by the Davis Sextet, which, in 2003, appeared as number 12 in Rolling Stone 's list of the "500 Greatest Albums Of All Time". With another producer, Teo Macero ,

25550-399: The works of Arnold Schoenberg and Anton von Webern . One of his first major successes was the original Broadway cast album of My Fair Lady , which sold over 5 million copies worldwide in 1957, becoming the most successful LP ever released up to that time. Lieberson also convinced long-serving CBS President William S. Paley to become the sole backer of the original Broadway production,

25725-498: Was " She's Got You ". Written by Hank Cochran , he pitched the song to Cline over the phone. Insisting that Patsy hear it in-person, Cochran brought the recording over to her house, along with a bottle of alcohol. Upon listening to it again, she liked the song and wanted to record it. Owen Bradley also liked the song and she recorded it on December 17, 1961. "She's Got You" became her third country-pop crossover hit by early 1962. "She's Got You" would also be her second number 1 hit on

25900-496: Was 10 pages. Columbia's ties to Edison were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Company 's breakup. Thereafter, it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the "XP" record, a molded brown wax record, to use up old stock. Columbia introduced black wax records in 1903. According to one source, they continued to mold brown waxes until 1904 with

26075-562: Was a contestant in a local country music contest. She won 100 dollars and the opportunity to perform as a regular on Connie B. Gay 's Town and Country Time . The show included country stars Jimmy Dean , Roy Clark , George Hamilton IV and Billy Grammer , and was filmed in Washington D.C. and Arlington County, Virginia . She was not officially added to the program's television shows until October 1955. Cline's television performances received critical acclaim. The Washington Star magazine praised her stage presence, commenting, "She creates

26250-419: Was a shell corporation set up by Consolidated Films Industries, Inc. ("CFI") to hold the Columbia stock, while its subsidiary, American Record Corporation ("ARC"), operated the label. This assumption grew out of the ease which CFI later exhibited in selling Columbia in 1938. On December 3, 1931, CFI made a deal with Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc. ("WB") to lease Brunswick Record Corporation , which included

26425-486: Was acquired by the Grigsby-Grunow Company , the manufacturers of Majestic radios and refrigerators. When Grigsby-Grunow declared bankruptcy in November 1933, Columbia was placed in receivership, and in June 1934, the company was sold to Sacro Enterprises Inc. ("Sacro") for $ 70,000. Sacro was incorporated a few days before the sale in New York. Public documents do not contain any names. Many suspect that it

26600-759: Was also considered to be the first genuine concept album . Since the term "LP" has come to refer to the 12-inch 33 + 1 ⁄ 3 rpm vinyl disk, the first LP is the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto in E minor played by Nathan Milstein with Bruno Walter conducting the New York Philharmonic (then called the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York), Columbia ML 4001, found in the Columbia Record Catalog for 1949, published in July 1948. The other "LP's" listed in

26775-491: Was an American singer, songwriter, pianist and composer from the state of Virginia. She is considered one of the most influential vocalists of the 20th century and was one of the first country music artists to cross over into pop music . Cline had several major hits during her eight-year recording career, including two number-one hits on the Billboard Hot Country and Western Sides chart. Cline's first professional performances began at local radio station WINC when she

26950-561: Was another male artist whom Cline befriended from working on tour together. While on tour, the pair would spend time together, including a trip to Hawaii where the pair saw a hula show. Cline's mother Hilda Hensley continued living in Winchester, Virginia , following her daughter's death. She rented out the family's childhood home on South Kent Street and lived across the street. Following Cline's death, Hensley briefly spent time raising her two grandchildren in Virginia. Hensley maintained

27125-466: Was at one of her local performances that she met her second husband, Charlie Dick . In 1956, Cline received a call to perform on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts , a national television show she had auditioned for several months prior. She accepted the offer, using her mother Hilda Hensley as her talent scout for the show. According to the show's rules, talent scouts could not be family members. For those reasons, Cline's mother lied in order to appear on

27300-521: Was brought to the attention of Bill McCall, president of Four Star Records . On September 30, 1954, she signed a two-year recording contract with the label alongside Peer and her husband Gerald Cline. The original contract allowed Four Star to receive most of the money for the songs she recorded. Therefore, Cline received little of the royalties from the label, totaling out to 2.34 percent on her recording contract. Her first recording session took place in Nashville, Tennessee on January 5, 1955. Songs for

27475-489: Was considering moving Decca's country headquarters to Dallas , where Jim Beck had a recording studio. In 1954, Bradley and his brother Harold Bradley , who had experimented with putting together and running a television/film production studio previously, purchased a house at 804 16th Avenue South in Nashville for $ 7500 and tore out the first floor of the house to create a 30 x 35-foot basement recording space with 20-foot high ceiling. Initially called Music City Recordings, it

27650-647: Was fifteen. In the early 1950s, Cline began appearing in a local band led by performer Bill Peer. Various local appearances led to featured performances on Connie B. Gay 's Town and Country television broadcasts. She signed her first recording contract with the Four Star label in 1954, and had minor success with her earliest Four Star singles including " A Church, a Courtroom, Then Goodbye " (1955) and "I've Loved and Lost Again" (1956). In 1957 Cline made her first national television appearance on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts . After performing " Walkin' After Midnight ",

27825-455: Was going to perform it differently. Nelson's version included a spoken section that Cline removed. She cut additional material on August 17 and when she got to "Crazy", it became difficult to perform. Because Cline was still recovering from the accident, performing the song's high notes caused rib pain. Giving her time to rest, Bradley sent her home while musicians laid down the track without her. A week later she returned and recorded her vocal in

28000-418: Was here, Charlie. Don't worry. He took my hand and told me, 'No, not now. I have other things for you to do.'" She spent a month recovering in the hospital. Cline returned to her career six weeks after her 1961 car accident. Her first public appearance was on the Grand Ole Opry where she assured fans she would continue performing. She said to the audience that night, "You're wonderful. I'll tell you one thing:

28175-469: Was hired by Wallerstein as "Associate Director Popular Recording" (at 7th Ave). Another executive from ARC, Art Satherley , was not expected to transition over as easily. "It is understood that CBS and the Levys are not interested in retaining American Record's hillbilly department, and that Art Satherly, who has been running this section for many years, will take it out of the company with him". Fortunately, to

28350-461: Was inefficient and therefore needlessly costly. Starting in the summer of 1959 with some of the albums released in August, they went to the "paste-over" front slick, which had the stereo information printed on the top and the mono information printed on the bottom. For stereo issues, they moved the front slick down so the stereo information was showing at the top, and the mono information was bent around

28525-495: Was instrumental in steering Paley towards the ARC purchase. He set his talents to his goal of hearing an entire movement of a symphony on one side of an album. Ward Botsford writing for the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Issue of High Fidelity Magazine relates: "He was no inventor—he was simply a man who seized an idea whose time was ripe and begged, ordered, and cajoled a thousand men into bringing into being

28700-408: Was killed in a plane crash along with country musicians Cowboy Copas , Hawkshaw Hawkins , and manager Randy Hughes, during a flight from Kansas City, Missouri , back to Nashville. Since her death, Cline has been cited as one of the most celebrated, respected, and influential performers of the 20th century. Her music has influenced performers of various styles and genres. She has also been seen as

28875-461: Was leafing through it, and there was a check for $ 75 with a note saying, 'I know you have been having a hard time'...there'll never be another like Patsy Cline." — Dottie West on her friendship with Cline Cline had close friendships with several country artists and performers. Her friendship with Loretta Lynn has been the subject of numerous books, songs, films and other projects. The pair first met when Lynn performed " I Fall to Pieces " on

29050-407: Was my return to the living after several days that launched me as a singer. The fever affected my throat and when I recovered I had this booming voice like Kate Smith 's." It was during this time she developed an interest in singing. She started performing with her mother in the local Baptist choir. Mother and daughter also performed duets at church social events. She also taught herself how to play

29225-412: Was not something that changed at a certain date, but rather, pressing plants were told to use up the stock of old (pre-CBS) labels first, resulting in a mixture of labels for some given releases. Some are known with the CBS text on mono albums, and not on stereo of the same album, and vice versa; diggings brought up pressings with the CBS text on one side and not on the other. Many, but certainly not all, of

29400-540: Was only 16 years old at the time of Cline's birth. Sam Hensley had been married before; Cline had two half siblings (aged 12 and 15) who lived with a foster family because of their mother's death years before. After Cline, Hilda Hensley gave birth to Samuel Jr. (called John) and Sylvia Mae. Besides being called "Virginia" in her childhood, Cline was referred to as "Ginny". She temporarily lived with her mother's family in Gore, Virginia , before relocating many times throughout

29575-562: Was performing with Bill Peer at the Moose Lodge in Brunswick, Maryland . Gerald Cline said, "It might not have been love at first sight when Patsy saw me, but it was for me." Gerald Cline often took her to "one-nighters" and other concerts she performed in. Although he enjoyed her performances, he could not get used to her touring and road schedule. During their marriage, Patsy told a friend that she didn't think she "knew what love was" upon marrying Gerald. The pair began living separately by

29750-486: Was tall and solid; it was modified in 1961 to the familiar one still used today (pictured on this page), despite the fact that the Walking Eye was used only sporadically during most of the 1990s. Although the big band era had passed, Columbia had Duke Ellington under contract for several years, capturing the historic moment when Ellington's band provoked a post-midnight frenzy (followed by international headlines) at

29925-408: Was the 10" LP reissue of The Voice of Frank Sinatra , originally released on March 4, 1946, as an album of four 78 rpm records, which was the first pop album issued in the new LP format. Sinatra was arguably Columbia's hottest commodity and his artistic vision combined with the direction Columbia were taking the medium of music, both popular and classic, were well suited. The Voice of Frank Sinatra

30100-406: Was the first recording studio in what would become Music Row . The first song recorded at the studio was " Be-Bop-a-Lula " by Gene Vincent and His Blue Caps . The Bradleys' new studio hosted recording sessions that produced hits for Roy Acuff , and Ray Price , as well as Buddy Holly 's recording sessions for Decca. In 1955 the Bradleys bought an Army surplus Quonset hut and attached it to

30275-556: Was the oldest surviving record label. The repercussions of the stock market Crash of 1929 and subsequent Great Depression led to the near collapse of the entire recording industry and, in March 1931, J.P Morgan, the major shareholder, steered the Columbia Graphophone Company (along with Odeon records and Parlophone , which it had owned since 1926) into a merger with the Gramophone Company ("His Master's Voice") to form Electric and Musical Industries Ltd ( EMI ). Since

30450-469: Was too broke to buy them... She was a great human being and a great friend." Lynn also noted they became so close that Cline even gave her underwear. Lynn still has the underwear in storage, saying it was "well-made". Dottie West was another female country artist with whom Cline became friends. They first met backstage at the Grand Ole Opry . West wrote Cline a fan letter after hearing her first hit "Walkin' After Midnight". According to West, Cline "showed

30625-402: Was unable to fly out the day after the concert because Fairfax Airport was fogged in. West asked Patsy to ride in the car with her and her husband, Bill, back to Nashville, an 8-hour drive, but Cline refused, saying: "Don't worry about me, Hoss. When it's my time to go, it's my time." On March 5, she called her mother from the motel and checked out at 12:30 p.m., going the short distance to

#923076