Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase , and is the reverse of vaporization . The word most often refers to the water cycle . It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei within the atmosphere . When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, the change is called deposition .
85-462: Bransholme is an area and a housing estate on the north side of Kingston upon Hull , East Riding of Yorkshire , England. The name Bransholme comes from an old Scandinavian word meaning Brand's water meadow ( brand or brandt meant 'wild boar'). The largely council owned estate is located in between Sutton-on-Hull to the east, Sutton Park to the south, and Kingswood to the west. It is surrounded by fields and 'A' Roads which largely isolate it from
170-623: A market town , military supply port, trading centre, fishing and whaling centre and industrial metropolis. Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars . Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce , took a prominent part in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain. More than 95% of the city was damaged or destroyed in the blitz and suffered a period of post-industrial decline (social deprivation, education and policing). The destroyed areas of
255-455: A non-metropolitan district of the newly created shire county of Humberside. Humberside (and its county council ) was abolished on 1 April 1996 and Hull was made a unitary authority area . The single-tier local authority of the city is now Hull City Council (officially Kingston upon Hull City Council), headquartered in the Guildhall in the city centre. The council was designated as
340-531: A City, which itself is the 11th most deprived of the 354 local authorities in England." The Hull NHS PCT said the following in a report: "All services currently provided for will continue in the new facility, alongside additional provision to meet the health needs of the community. A discreet, predominantly paediatric audiology and speech and language therapies area will enable a greater number of patients to be seen in appropriate accommodation. Multi-functional space
425-401: A building. The amount of water vapor that can be stored in the air can be increased simply by increasing the temperature. However, this can be a double edged sword as most condensation in the home occurs when warm, moisture heavy air comes into contact with a cool surface. As the air is cooled, it can no longer hold as much water vapor. This leads to deposition of water on the cool surface. This
510-537: A covered market, and Kingswood Retail Park , which is the site of a number of large major stores as well as an entertainment area including a multiscreen cinema, bowling alley and restaurants. At the 2011 census Bransholme was made up of the Bransholme East and West Wards and the combined population was 18,533. Bransholme history goes at least as far back as the Domesday Book of 1086 where Bransholme
595-401: A new flood defence scheme to protect homes and businesses, stretching 4 miles (6.4 km) from St Andrews Quay Retail Park to Victoria Dock , linking to other defences at Paull and Hessle . Started in 2016, it was completed in early 2021. The scheme was officially opened on 3 March 2022, by Rebecca Pow . At around 00:56 GMT on 27 February 2008, Hull was 30 miles (48 km) north of
680-531: A waste gasification process. Commissioning of the plant was undertaken in 2019 with full operation expected to be late 2019. Hull Marina was developed on land formerly occupied by the railway docks in the centre of the city. It was repurposed and opened in 1983, it has 270 berths for yachts and small sailing craft. Condensation Condensation is initiated by the formation of atomic/molecular clusters of that species within its gaseous volume—like rain drop or snow flake formation within clouds —or at
765-466: Is 36.9 °C (98.4 °F), set in July 2022. Typically, the warmest day should reach 28.8 °C (83.8 °F), though slightly over 10 days should achieve a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or more in an "average" year. All averages refer to the 1991–2020 period. The absolute minimum temperature is −11.1 °C (12.0 °F), recorded during January 1982. Winters are generally mild for
850-456: Is a crucial component of distillation , an important laboratory and industrial chemistry application. Because condensation is a naturally occurring phenomenon, it can often be used to generate water in large quantities for human use. Many structures are made solely for the purpose of collecting water from condensation, such as air wells and fog fences . Such systems can often be used to retain soil moisture in areas where active desertification
935-534: Is expected to be at increasing levels of risk from flooding due to global warming. Historically, Hull has been affected by tidal and storm flooding from the Humber; the last serious floods were in the 1950s, in 1953, 1954 and the winter of 1959. Many areas of Hull were flooded during the June 2007 United Kingdom floods , with 8,600 homes and 1,300 businesses affected. Further flooding occurred in 2013, resulting in
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#17327866657201020-538: Is located in Bransholme West Ward, which this scheme is to be sited, is the 8th most deprived in Hull. A new NHS health centre was built and opened in 2012, also replacing the existing council office at North Point. According to a report by Hull NHS PCT when this new facility was proposed they said "The catchment area for the proposed facility also covers Bransholme East, which is the 6th most deprived in
1105-430: Is marked as a little hill surrounded by water. At this time the settlement known as Sudtone (now Sutton) occupied a strip of high ground forming a connecting link between Wagene (later Waghen then Wawne ). An ancient highway ran through Wagene across Sudtone and through to Bilton . Some time in the last half of the second century a Romano-British farming settlement stood on the site of the former Gibraltar Farm near where
1190-672: Is occurring—so much so that some organizations educate people living in affected areas about water condensers to help them deal effectively with the situation. It is also a crucial process in forming particle tracks in a cloud chamber . In this case, ions produced by an incident particle act as nucleation centers for the condensation of the vapor producing the visible "cloud" trails. Commercial applications of condensation, by consumers as well as industry, include power generation, water desalination, thermal management, refrigeration, and air conditioning. Numerous living beings use water made accessible by condensation. A few examples of these are
1275-577: Is part of the Humber Enterprise Zone . Although the fishing industry, including oilseed production, declined in the 1970s due to the Cod Wars , the city remains a busy port, handling 13 million tonnes of cargo per year. The port operations run by Associated British Ports and other companies in the port employ 5,000 people. A further 18,000 are employed as a direct result of the port's activities. The port freight railway line,
1360-661: Is probably the largest estate in Yorkshire. The early years were not easy. Some newcomers loved living in Bransholme, but as early as 1971, condensation was causing severe problems in over 1,000 houses, and Securicor had to be employed to combat vandalism. Two years later, it was trouble with the maisonettes , and the growing realisation that there were too few schools. Now, schools and churches offer much in terms of education and social and spiritual welfare. Winifred Holtby high school (formerly Bransholme High), named after
1445-469: Is provided for group clinical and non-clinical services, such as group smoking cessation classes and baby clinics. The space will be able to be secured from other areas of the building to provide useful community spaces, with their own toilets and drink preparation areas." There are a number of parks, playgrounds and sports facilities. Heartland's park (near the middle of the area) was opened in August 2000 on
1530-562: Is the largest. The city is surrounded by the rural East Riding of Yorkshire. Some areas of Hull lie on reclaimed land at or below sea level. The Hull Tidal Surge Barrier is at the point where the River Hull joins the Humber Estuary and is lowered at times when unusually high tides are expected. It is used between 8 and 12 times per year and protects the homes of approximately 10,000 people from flooding. Due to its low level, Hull
1615-562: Is the main shopping centre in the Bransholme area. It is still often referred to by its former name, the Bransholme Centre and was opened in the early 1970s. The first store to sign for the Centre was Boyes who still trade from the same store today. There is a health centre next to the site, the original Health Centre dated back from the 1960s/early 70s and was of the distinctive single-storey flat roofed design. A new health centre
1700-429: Is west of the River Hull and close to the Humber. The city is built upon alluvial and glacial deposits which overlie chalk rocks but the underlying chalk has no influence on the topography. The land within the city is generally very flat and is only 2 to 4 metres (6.5 to 13 ft) above sea level . Because of the relative flatness of the site there are few physical constraints upon building and many open areas are
1785-611: The Time Out list of the 15 best places to visit in the UK in 2024, with the guide commenting that the city has got "The Deep, an enormous aquarium with 3,000 species, a picturesque old town which survived the city's relentless WWII bombings, and lots of up and coming indie art galleries like Ground and Artlink. Don't sleep on Hull". In 2016, it was named as one of the top 10 cities in the world to visit by Rough Guides alongside cities such as Seoul, Vancouver, Amsterdam and Reykjavik. In 2017,
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#17327866657201870-499: The 2007 local elections , ending several years in which no single party had a majority. They retained control in the 2008 local elections by an increased majority and in the 2010 local elections . Following the UK's local elections of 2011 , the Labour Party gained control of the council, increasing their majority in the 2012 and retained this following the 2014 local elections . They increased their majority by one in
1955-399: The 2015 local elections , but lost it in the 2016 local elections . In the 2018 local elections all of the council was up for election following boundary changes that reduced the number of seats by 2. Labour retained control of the council but with a much reduced majority, while in the 2019 local elections there was no change to the make-up of the council. In the 2021 local elections
2040-649: The Australian thorny devil , the darkling beetles of the Namibian coast, and the coast redwoods of the West Coast of the United States . Condensation in building construction is an unwanted phenomenon as it may cause dampness , mold health issues , wood rot , corrosion , weakening of mortar and masonry walls, and energy penalties due to increased heat transfer . To alleviate these issues,
2125-551: The House of Commons and at the last general election, in 2019 , elected three Labour MPs: Emma Hardy , Diana Johnson and Karl Turner . William Wilberforce is the most celebrated of Hull's former MPs. He was a native of the city and the member for Hull from 1780 to 1784 when he was elected as an Independent member for Yorkshire . Kingston upon Hull is on the northern bank of the Humber Estuary . The city centre
2210-491: The Hull Docks Branch , operates 22 trains per day. In January 2011 Siemens Wind Power and Associated British Ports signed a memorandum of understanding concerning the construction of a wind turbine blade manufacturing plant at Alexander Dock. The plan would require some modification of the dock to allow the ships, used for transporting the wind turbine blades, to dock and be loaded. Planning applications for
2295-705: The Liberal Democrats gained a couple of seats but Labour retained control by just three seats. On 3 March 2022, Labour councillor Julia Conner defected to the Liberal Democrats, reducing the Labour majority to one. The Liberal Democrats won overall control of the City Council in the 2022 local elections to end ten years of Labour rule, increasing their majority in the 2023 local elections . The city returned three members of parliament to
2380-519: The ancient parishes of Hessle and North Ferriby , but was remote from either parish church. A chapel of ease dedicated to Holy Trinity was built to serve the part of the borough in Hessle parish; that church subsequently became Hull Minster . St Mary's Church similarly began as a chapel of ease for the part of the borough in North Ferriby parish. In 1440, a further charter incorporated
2465-558: The epicentre of an earthquake measuring 5.3 on the Richter Scale which lasted for nearly 10 seconds. This was an unusually large earthquake for this part of the world. Another notable quake occurred early in the morning of 10 June 2018. Located in Northern England , Hull has a temperate maritime climate which is dominated by the passage of mid-latitude depressions. The weather is very changeable from day to day and
2550-474: The old town (including its museum quarter) and the marina . Hull University was founded in 1927 and had over 16,000 students in 2022. Rugby league football teams include clubs Hull F.C. and Hull Kingston Rovers . The city's association football club is Hull City ( EFL Championship ). Hull RUFC and Hull Ionians both play in the National League 2 North of rugby union. The city came 2nd in
2635-404: The 1991 UK census, and has been officially estimated as 256,200 in July 2006. In 2001, approximately 53,000 people were aged under 16, 174,000 were aged 16–74, and 17,000 aged 75 and over. Of the total population 97.7% were white and the largest minority ethnic group was of 749 people who considered themselves to be ethnically Chinese. There were 3% of people living in Hull who were born outside
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2720-522: The Baltic and the Low Countries were all key trading areas for Hull's merchants. In addition, there was trade with France, Spain and Portugal. Sir William de la Pole was the town's first mayor. A prosperous merchant, de la Pole founded a family that became prominent in government. Another successful son of a Hull trading family was bishop John Alcock , who founded Jesus College, Cambridge and
2805-651: The Boom, in Hull. After the decline of the whaling industry post the Second World War, emphasis shifted to deep-sea trawling until the Anglo-Icelandic Cod War of 1975–1976. The conditions set at the end of this dispute started Hull's economic decline. In 2017 Hull was awarded the title of 'City of Culture' by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Within the city there
2890-586: The New World, with thousands of emigrants sailing to Hull and stopping for administrative purposes before travelling on to Liverpool and then North America. Parallel to this growth in passenger shipping was the emergence of the Wilson Line of Hull (which had been founded in 1825 by Thomas Wilson ). By the early 20th century, the company had grown – largely through its monopolisation of North Sea passenger routes and later mergers and acquisitions – to be
2975-457: The Old Town's historic streets and buildings, plans for a purpose-built film studio complex have been approved by Hull City Council. The £3m complex could open by the end of 2025. The city has earned the nickname "Hullywood" in recent years, after productions including The Crown , Enola Holmes 2 , The Personal History of David Copperfield , Victoria and Blitz have been filmed in
3060-400: The UK's worst performing authority in both 2004 and 2005, but in 2006 was rated as a two star 'improving adequate' council and in 2007 it retained its two stars with an 'improving well' status. In the 2008 corporate performance assessment the city retained its "improving well" status but was upgraded to a three star rating. The Liberal Democrats won overall control of the City Council in
3145-600: The United Kingdom. In 2006, the largest minority ethnic grouping was Iraqi Kurds who were estimated at 3,000. Most of these people were placed in the city by the Home Office while their applications for asylum were being processed. In 2001, the city was 71.7% Christian. A further 18% of the population indicated they were of no religion while 8.4% did not specify any religious affiliation. Historically, minorities of many faiths and nationalities have lived around
3230-469: The advantageous situation of this hitherto neglected and obscure corner. He foresaw it might become subservient both to render the kingdom more secure against foreign invasion, and at the same time greatly to enforce its commerce". Pursuant to these thoughts, Craggs continues, Edward purchased the land from the Abbot of Meaux, had a manor hall built for himself, issued proclamations encouraging development within
3315-499: The area of the present city. The area was attractive to people because it gave access to a prosperous hinterland and navigable rivers but the site was poor, being remote, low-lying and with no fresh water. It was originally an outlying part of the hamlet of Myton, named Wyke. The name is thought to originate either from a Scandinavian word Vik meaning inlet or from the Saxon Wic meaning dwelling place or refuge. The River Hull
3400-648: The centre of Bransholme, with some of the largest space being the adjacent former site of the 'Alcatraz' maisonettes. Extensive refurbishment works relating to heating systems, kitchens, bathrooms, electrical rewires and thermal comfort (cavity and loft insulation) commenced in 2006 by Hull City Council to bring the housing stock up to the Decent Homes Standard . The programme of works is expected to be completed by March 2011. In 2010 ownership and management of council housing in North Bransholme
3485-417: The city centre was destroyed. Hull had 95% of its houses damaged or destroyed, making it the most severely bombed British city or town in terms of number of damaged or destroyed buildings, apart from London, during the Second World War. More than 1,200 people died in air raids on the city and some 3,000 others were injured. The worst of the bombing occurred in 1941. Little was known about this destruction by
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3570-475: The city cooler than inland areas during summer. It is also one of the most northerly areas where the July average maximum temperature exceeds 21.5 °C (70.7 °F), although this appears to be very localised around the city. Flooding in June 2007 caused significant damage to areas of the city. Droughts and heatwaves also occur such as in 2003, 2006 and recently in 2018. The absolute maximum temperature recorded
3655-500: The city had a high proportion, at 6.2%, of people of working age who were unemployed, ranking 354th out of 376 local and unitary authorities within England and Wales . The distance travelled to work was less than 3 miles (4.8 km) for 64,578 out of 95,957 employed people. A further 18,031 travelled between 3.1 and 6.2 miles (5 and 10 km) to their place of employment. The number of people using public transport to get to work
3740-554: The city was featured in The Sunday Times Best Places to Live Guide and in 2024 was named as one of the UK's most "up and coming" places to move to. Kingston upon Hull stands on the north bank of the Humber Estuary at the mouth of its tributary, the River Hull . The valley of the River Hull has been inhabited since the early Neolithic period but there is little evidence of a substantial settlement in
3825-443: The city were rebuilt in the post–Second World War period. In the early 21st century spending boom before the late 2000s recession the city saw large amounts of new retail, commercial, housing and public service construction spending. The city offers a variety of museums, art galleries, stunning architecture, and a thriving arts scene. Due to Hull's growing appeal as an outdoor film location, particularly for period dramas using
3910-656: The city. A senior council official has said that interest from the film industry was almost non-stop at the moment. In 2017, it was the UK City of Culture and hosted the Turner Prize at the city's Ferens Art Gallery . Other notable landmarks in the city are the Minster , the tidal surge barrier , the Paragon Interchange and The Deep Hull's award-winning aquarium. Areas of the town centre include
3995-435: The contact between such gaseous phase and a liquid or solid surface. In clouds , this can be catalyzed by water-nucleating proteins , produced by atmospheric microbes, which are capable of binding gaseous or liquid water molecules. A few distinct reversibility scenarios emerge here with respect to the nature of the surface. Condensation commonly occurs when a vapor is cooled and/or compressed to its saturation limit when
4080-601: The docks, Old Town and City Centre, coming in from European ports like Hamburg, aided by continental railways and steam-ships from the mid-1800s. Over 2 million passed through Hull between 1850 and 1914, on the way to a new life in America and elsewhere, but some planned or decided to stay. Dutch, Jews , Germans, Scandinavians and others were sometimes prominently involved in the life of the port city. They found opportunity but endured discrimination at times, such that these communities have now largely dispersed. Also in 2001,
4165-578: The estate, the nearest being Wilberforce College . Kingston upon Hull Kingston upon Hull , usually shortened to Hull , is a port city and unitary authority area in the East Riding of Yorkshire , England. It lies upon the River Hull at its confluence with the Humber Estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea and 37 miles (60 km) south-east of York ,
4250-641: The form of several well-maintained buildings from the period, including Wilberforce House , now a museum documenting the life of William Wilberforce . During the English Civil War , Hull became strategically important because of the large arsenal located there. Very early in the war, on 11 January 1642, the king named the Earl of Newcastle governor of Hull while Parliament nominated Sir John Hotham and asked his son, Captain John Hotham, to secure
4335-526: The historic county town . With a population of 268,852 (2022), it is the fourth-largest city in the Yorkshire and the Humber region after Leeds , Sheffield and Bradford . Hull has more than 800 years of seafaring history and is known as Yorkshire's maritime city. The town of Wyke on Hull was founded late in the 12th century by the monks of Meaux Abbey as a port from which to export their wool. Renamed Kings-town upon Hull in 1299, Hull had been
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#17327866657204420-543: The houses on the estate has been in question ever since their construction. Many of the houses have only small windows on the front, being small horizontal slits and, although these have proved efficient in maintaining security, many residents have complained their houses lack light and are unpleasant to live in. The houses have had condensation problems and the heating systems have often been described as being inadequate. In recent years, Skilgate Close and Selworthy Close have been demolished, leaving large amounts of open space in
4505-403: The indoor air humidity needs to be lowered, or air ventilation in the building needs to be improved. This can be done in a number of ways, for example opening windows, turning on extractor fans, using dehumidifiers, drying clothes outside and covering pots and pans whilst cooking. Air conditioning or ventilation systems can be installed that help remove moisture from the air, and move air throughout
4590-537: The largest privately owned shipping company in the world, with over 100 ships sailing to different parts of the globe. The Wilson Line was sold to the Ellerman Lines – which itself was owned by Hull-born magnate (and the richest man in Britain at the time) Sir John Ellerman . Hull's prosperity peaked in the decades just before the First World War ; it was during this time, in 1897, that city status
4675-472: The latitude with snow only occurring a couple of times a year on average and mostly only staying for a day or two before melting. It is frequently cloudy and the North Sea winds make it feel colder than it actually is. An average of 32.5 nights should report an air frost. Heavy snowfalls do occasionally occur such as in 2010. On 23 November 1981, during the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak , Hull
4760-429: The molecular density in the gas phase reaches its maximal threshold. Vapor cooling and compressing equipment that collects condensed liquids is called a "condenser" . Psychrometry measures the rates of condensation through evaporation into the air moisture at various atmospheric pressures and temperatures. Water is the product of its vapor condensation—condensation is the process of such phase conversion. Condensation
4845-666: The monks and the Lords of the Manor drained the land with a series of drains and dikes. In June 1939, more than 80 acres (32 ha) of land were requisitioned to build a Barrage Balloon defence station. Originally designated as RAF 17 Balloon Centre it was opened on 28 June 1939 and was from where, during the Second World War , the Balloon Barrage in the defence of Kingston upon Hull with its vital docks and rail network,
4930-473: The new bridge crosses the River Hull . Also a medieval stone dwelling house and two timber buildings existed where Foredyke Drain met the River Hull . A Roman camp was established to the north of Waghen. When the Angles and Saxons invaded they farmed land on the high ridge that ran from the village to Sutton. The ridge was surrounded by waters and marshland which at high tide separated Waghen from Sudtone. Later
5015-470: The novelist and journalist, had technology college status for ten years from 1999, and is now an academy. The very latest in technology, libraries, medical and community services are in existence, and numerous adult learning and leisure centres are available. Most housing in Bransholme is prefabricated terrace housing, and there are also two blocks of high rise flats on the estate (Padstow House (pictured) and Gatwick House (above)), as well as newer housing on
5100-411: The outskirts. Unusually during the construction of the estate, most of the houses predating the estate were left (mostly along Wawne Road) and the occasional older house will stand on a road amongst many of the estates other 'identikit' houses. A growing number of the houses are now boarded up, in particular the bungalows which were intended for occupation by the estate's older residents. The quality of
5185-573: The plant were submitted in December 2011, and affirmed in 2014, concerning 75-metre (246 ft) blades for the 6 MW offshore model. A 12.5-acre (5.1 ha) site waste-to-energy centre costing in the region of £150 million is also planned to be built by the Spencer Group. Announced in mid-2011, and named 'Energy Works', the proposed plant would process up to 200,000 tonnes of organic material per year, with energy produced via
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#17327866657205270-423: The rest of East Hull. There are two high, or secondary schools, Winifred Holtby Academy and Kingswood Academy , within the environs of Bransholme, these are fed by a number of primary schools. There are two major retail centres available within the area. These are North Point Shopping Centre, formerly and still locally known as Bransholme Centre, a location where a number of smaller shops can be found as well as
5355-415: The rest of the country at the time, since most of the radio and newspaper reports did not reveal Hull by name but referred to it as "a North-East town" or "a northern coastal town". Most of the city centre was rebuilt in the years following the war. As recently as 2006 researchers found documents in the local archives that suggested a non-exploded wartime bomb might be buried beneath a major new redevelopment,
5440-436: The shopping centre, with the latest addition being Bransholme Pharmacy. Bransholme pharmacy was previously known as Lloyds Pharmacy before being sold to an independent group called Roshban. There are seven primary schools in Bransholme, and two secondary schools, Winifred Holtby Academy (formerly Bransholme High School) and Kingswood Academy (formerly Perronet Thompson School). There are no further education establishments on
5525-421: The site of former maisonettes, as a grassed area with trees and an adventure playground. Ings Road Playing Fields have sporting facilities plus grassed area and woodland. Noddle Hill Way has a fishing lake and wildlife wetland, as well as football pitches and community woodland. Bude Park playing fields has a children's playground, which was refurbished in 2010 after major vandalism. The North Point Shopping Centre
5610-400: The south and east the advancing suburbs had already reached it. The four villages were, nevertheless, distinct communities, of a largely rural character, until their absorption in the borough—Drypool and Sculcoates in 1837, Marfleet in 1882, and Sutton in 1929. The current boundaries of the city are tightly drawn and exclude many of the metropolitan area 's nearby villages, of which Cottingham
5695-401: The subject of pressures to build. The parishes of Drypool , Marfleet , Sculcoates , and most of Sutton parish, were absorbed within the borough of Hull in the 19th and 20th centuries. Much of their area has been built over, and socially and economically they have long been inseparable from the city. Only Sutton retained a recognisable village centre in the late 20th century, but on
5780-485: The town and instituted local government consisting of a mayor, a sheriff and twelve aldermen . In his Guide to Hull (1817) , J. C. Craggs provides a colourful background to Edward's acquisition and naming of the town. He writes that the King and a hunting party started a hare which "led them along the delightful banks of the River Hull to the hamlet of Wyke ... [Edward], charmed with the scene before him, viewed with delight
5865-571: The town at once. Sir John Hotham and Hull corporation declared support for Parliament and denied Charles I entry into the town. Charles I responded to these events by besieging the town . This siege helped precipitate open conflict between the forces of Parliament and those of the Royalists . After the Civil War, docks were built along the route of the town walls , which were demolished. The first dock (1778, renamed Queen's Dock in 1854)
5950-694: The town, and bestowed upon it the royal appellation, King's Town . The port served as a base for Edward I during the First War of Scottish Independence and later developed into the foremost port on the east coast of England. It prospered by exporting wool and woollen cloth, and importing wine and timber. Hull also established a flourishing commerce with the Baltic ports of the Hanseatic League . From its medieval beginnings, Hull's main trading links were with Scotland and northern Europe. Scandinavia,
6035-614: The warming influence of the Gulf Stream makes the region mild for its latitude. Locally, the area is sunnier than most areas this far north in the British Isles, and also considerably drier, due to the rain shadowing effect of the Pennines. It is somewhat warmer than west coast areas at a similar latitude such as Liverpool in summer due to stronger shielding from maritime air but also colder in winter and North Sea breezes keep
6120-519: The world. Docks were opened to serve the frozen meat trade of Australia, New Zealand and South America. Hull was also the centre of a thriving inland and coastal trading network, serving the whole of the United Kingdom. Throughout the second half of the 19th century and leading up to the First World War, the Port of Hull played a major role in the emigration of Northern European settlers to
6205-477: Was 12,915 while the number travelling by car was 53,443. Men in the University ward had the fourth lowest life expectancy at birth, 69.4 years, of any ward in England and Wales in 2016. The traditional industries of Hull are seafaring (whaling and later seafishing) and later heavy industry which both have since declined in the city. Companies BP and Reckitt Benckiser , have facilities in Hull. The city
6290-411: Was a good haven for shipping, whose trade included the export of wool from Meaux Abbey , which owned Myton. In 1293, the town of Wyke was acquired from the abbey by King Edward I, who, on 1 April 1299, granted it a royal charter that renamed the settlement King's town upon Hull or Kingston upon Hull. The charter is preserved in the archives of the Guildhall . When first created, the borough straddled
6375-513: Was a patron of the grammar school in Hull. The increase in trade after the discovery of the Americas and the town's maritime connections are thought to have played a part in the introduction of a virulent strain of syphilis through Hull and on into Europe from the New World . The town prospered during the 16th and early 17th centuries, and Hull's affluence at this time is preserved in
6460-558: Was a series of festivals in public spaces to promote the city and its newly given title. At the start of the year there was a huge firework display attracting a crowd of 25,000. Following the Local Government Act 1888 , Hull became a county borough , a local government district independent of the East Riding of Yorkshire. This district was dissolved under the Local Government Act 1972 , on 1 April 1974 when it became
6545-457: Was built in the area occupied by Beverley and North gates, and the intermediate walls, which were demolished, a second dock ( Humber Dock , 1809) was built on the land between Hessle and Myton gates, and a third dock between the two was opened 1829 as Junction Dock (later Prince's Dock ). Whaling played a major role in the town's fortunes until the mid-19th century. As sail power gave way to steam, Hull's trading links extended throughout
6630-543: Was clearly necessary to rehouse on a massive scale. Urban renewal prompted the City Council to enforce the Acquisition of Land Act of 1946. The City Council already owned large areas in Bransholme. By January 1948, it had obtained four more farms. The intention of the Council at the time was to provide a new town at Bransholme rather than a large estate, but government approval was not forthcoming. The Bransholme Estate
6715-474: Was constructed, it opened in 2012, which also replaced dental services previously at the old health centre building. The centre is also a bus terminus for the many routes operated by Stagecoach in Hull serving the surrounding area. There were two banks in the shopping centre but, Yorkshire Bank closed in September 2014, leaving only Halifax . North Point Shopping Centre also has 3 pharmacies located inside
6800-488: Was controlled and maintained. By September 1942 over 2,000 Royal Air Force and Women's Auxiliary Air Force served there. On 15 October 1942, the station was renamed RAF Sutton on Hull . It became the home of the RAF School of Fire Fighting and Rescue from 1943–59. The RAF Station was finally disposed of on Monday 14 August 1961. After the Second World War, when large areas of Hull lay devastated due to enemy bombing , it
6885-583: Was demolished to make way for the building of Bransholme Estate. The houses in Midmere Avenue and Dorchester Road were built between 1971 and 1976. Kestrel Avenue was built in about 1981. Bransholme is widely believed to be largest council estate in Europe, but Susanna O'Neill says in her book, The Hull Book of Days , that The Becontree estate in Dagenham is larger, although she concedes that Bransholme
6970-407: Was granted. Many of the suburban areas on the western side of Hull were built in the 1930s, particularly Willerby Road and Anlaby Park, as well as most of Willerby itself. The city's port and industrial facilities, coupled with its proximity to mainland Europe and ease of location being on a major estuary, led to extremely widespread damage by bombing raids during the Second World War ; much of
7055-595: Was originally planned to have a population of 26,000 but now has a population of over 30,000. It was built mainly in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bransholme Housing Estate was originally known as 'north of Sutton Road' or 'The Wawne Estate' until the current name was chosen in 1966 from a list including Soffham, Meaux, Marvelton and Midmere Dales. The first houses were officially opened on 1 May 1967 by Lord Mayor Alderman RW Buckle. The first Bransholme tenants were housed in Dulverton Close. In 1968, Noddle Hill Farm
7140-442: Was struck by two tornadoes which passed through, and caused damage to residential buildings across the north-eastern suburbs of Hull and uprooted trees. According to the 2001 UK census , Hull had a population of 243,589 living in 104,288 households. The population density was 34.1 per hectare. Of the total number of homes 47.85% were rented compared with a national figure of 31.38% rented. The population had declined by 7.5% since
7225-598: Was transferred to a housing association , the Riverside Group. This involved 1,175 properties. Adjacent to the North Point shopping centre are a library, a health centre, and a police station. Next to the police station is a building formerly used as an NSPCC branch but now used as the Astra Youth Centre. The health centre's original building had been there since the late 1960s/early 1970s. It
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