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97-493: Represented predominantly by South Asian ethnic groups , census data regarding birthplace and ethnicity demonstrate around a million Asian British people derive their ancestry between East Asia , Southeast Asia , Central Asia , and West Asia . Since the 2001 census , British people of general Asian descent have been included in the "Asian/Asian British" grouping ("Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" grouping in Scotland) of

194-531: A broad "Asian/Asian British" ("Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" in Scotland) heading in all parts of the UK. Shown in order, as listed on the 2011 Census form, the five categories of Asian British are: There are several regional subgroupings of Asian British people, and Asians living in the United Kingdom generally. As approximately defined concepts, sometimes due to varying geographical regionalisation of

291-559: A crisis or emergency is considered to affect the entirely of either the United Kingdom or the British Isles, such as the 2007 Glasgow Airport attack , the UK Government and Scottish Government (along with the governments of both Wales and Northern Ireland), will develop a co-ordinate response to a UK wide emergency or crisis. The First Minister is directly responsible for co-ordinating this policy and would be called to attend

388-666: A language isolate. The traditions of different ethnic groups in South Asia have diverged, influenced by external cultures, especially in the northwestern parts of South Asia and also in the border regions and busy ports, where there are greater levels of contact with external cultures. There is also a lot of genetic diversity within the region. For example, most of the ethnic groups of the northeastern parts of South Asia are genetically related to peoples of East or Southeast Asia . There are also genetically isolated groups who have not been genetically influenced by other groups, such as

485-538: A number of Asian characters portrayed by British actors of Asian heritage. Tsai Chin , the first Asian British actress to play a Bond girl , appeared in 1967's You Only Live Twice and the 2006 re-make of Casino Royale . Burt Kwouk , who appeared in over fifty films, including three of the James Bond film series , received an OBE for services to drama in 2010. Art Malik had notable roles in The Jewel in

582-1003: A reserved matter under the devolution settlement, and advice on the appointment of the Lords Lieutenants in Scotland, the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and members of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution and the Forestry Commission. There are also matters where a Minister of the Crown gives advice to the reigning monarch and the First Minister would need to be consulted by

679-563: A separate heading. In Scotland, all of these tick-boxes were grouped together under an "Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" heading, and in Northern Ireland no broad headings were used, just tick-boxes for each of the Asian groups. The 2011 census questionnaire was more consistent with regard to the grouping of Asian ethnicities, such that Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese and any other Asian background options appeared under

776-508: A sizeable number of Gujarati Muslims speak Urdu for religious and cultural reasons. Bangladeshis mainly speak Sylheti Bengali and other dialects of Bengali. People from Sri Lanka speak Tamil and Sinhala . Speakers of different dialects mainly refer to their dialects as the main language, for example Sylheti Bengali speakers refer to the Sylheti dialect as just "Bengali" and Mirpuri speakers sometimes say they speak Punjabi. The reason for this

873-424: A total Asian British population of 4,373,339 (6.9 per cent of the total population), excluding people of mixed ethnicity. The 2011 population represented a 1,794,513 increase on the 2001 United Kingdom census figures. All five of the subcategories (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, and Other Asian) rose in their own right, representing both outright population growth, as well as increased demographic share of

970-642: Is an official consultee regarding selections for membership of the Supreme Court . The Office of the First Minister has responsibility for all functions relating to reports made by the Interception of Communications Commissioner and Intelligence Services Commissioner as detailed in both Sections 58 and 60 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000. During times of national crisis, such as flooding, terror attacks or public health emergencies,

1067-966: Is defeated in a general election, they do not immediately vacate office. The first minister only leaves office when the Scottish Parliament nominates a successor individual. After accepting office, the first minister takes the Official Oath , as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868. The oath is tendered by the Lord President of the Court of Session at a sitting of the Court in Parliament House in Edinburgh. The oath is: I, [ name ], do swear that I will well and truly serve His Majesty King Charles in

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1164-543: Is no term of office for a first minister; they hold office " at His Majesty's pleasure ". In practice, a first minister cannot remain in office against the will of the Scottish Parliament; indeed, the Scotland Act explicitly requires the first minister to either resign or seek a parliamentary dissolution (and with it, new elections) if his or her government "no longer enjoys the confidence of the Parliament." Whenever

1261-513: Is overseen by the First Minister and Scottish Government ministers: The First Minister is directly responsible for each of the corresponding resilience levels in Scotland, and has the responsibility of the Scottish Government Liaison Offices who can be deployed in emergencies and national crisis to act as the principal point of contact for the First Minister, Scottish Government and other Scottish ministers. If

1358-505: Is that for any given ethnic community, their region-specific dialect is the normative form of the language used. Asian Britons have significant numbers of adherents to various major religions. Based on 2011 census figures for England and Wales (94.7 percent of UK statistics), Muslims account for 43% of the group, while Hindus make up over 18%, and Christians almost 11%. Sikhs constitute nearly 9% of British Asians, and 3.5% are Buddhists. British Chinese are mainly irreligious , with 55% of

1455-438: Is then formally appointed by the monarch . Although any member of the Scottish Parliament can be nominated for first minister, the government must maintain the confidence of the Scottish Parliament in order to gain supply (access to exchequer funds) and remain in office. For this reason, every permanent first minister has been the leader of the largest party, or the leader of the senior partner in any majority coalition . There

1552-692: Is unclear. If the Romany are included, then the earliest arrivals were in the Middle Ages . DNA surveys have linked Romanies to present-day South Asian populations and the Romani language is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family . Romanies are believed to have begun travelling westward around 1000 CE, and have mixed with Middle Eastern and European populations over many centuries. Romani began arriving in sizeable numbers in parts of Western Europe in

1649-698: The 2011 United Kingdom census . Census results show that Asian Britons with descent from across all of Asia are represented in the UK. For example, births in the Philippines and Thailand in Southeast Asia , or Iran and Iraq in West Asia , are among the highest in the Other Asian subcategory of "Asian / Asian British". Outside of the census, organisation and bodies have made explicit use of such geographic classifications. These have included

1746-483: The 2011 census , the two categories Chinese and Other Asian were listed explicitly under the broad heading and within the grouping of "Asian/Asian British". According to the 2021 United Kingdom census , those identifying as Asian British in England and Wales enumerated 5,515,420, or 9.3% of the population In Northern Ireland, 30,667, or 1.6% of the population, identified as Asian or British Asian. The census in Scotland

1843-434: The 2011 election , and thus had enough numbers to vote in its leader, Alex Salmond , as first minister for a second term. After the election of the Scottish Parliament , a first minister must be nominated within a period of 28 days. Under the terms of the Scotland Act, if the Parliament fails to nominate a first minister, within this time frame, it will be dissolved and a fresh election held. If an incumbent first minister

1940-780: The Ahmadiyya Community), Sheikh Abdul Qayum (one of the best known scholars in Europe and Chief Imam of East London Mosque ), Abu Yusuf Riyadh ul Haq (Khateeb of Birmingham Central Mosque ), Dr. Mahmudul Hasan (Khateeb of Essex Mosque), Abdur Rahman Madani (Chairman of Global Eid Trust and Chief Imam of Darul Ummah Mosque), Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (principal of Hijaz College ), Ajmal Masroor (Imam and Liberal Democrats politician) and Pramukh Swami Maharaj (fifth spiritual successor of Hindu Swaminarayan ). The earliest date at which South Asians settled in Great Britain

2037-632: The Asian continent , the subgroups are often utilized in broad ethnic or cultural classification. Despite wider use, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) does not provide geographic distinctions within the census, meaning all people born in Asia (regardless of region), or with Asian ancestry, are provided designation as "Asian / Asian British". The ONS did, however, acknowledge East, South, Southeast and West Asian individuals in its final recommendations report for

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2134-632: The British Heart Foundation , the Greater London Authority , and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office . In alphabetical order, some of these subgroups are: Terms to describe British people with Asian heritage are varied and are subject to gradual change created by study in academia, reporting in journalistic works, coverage in other media forms, as well as concepts of self-identity and personhood. Some of

2231-878: The Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. The Andamanese (Sentinel, Onge, Jarawa, and Great Andamanese) live in some of the Andaman Islands and speak a language isolate , as do the Kusunda in central Nepal, the Vedda in Sri Lanka, and the Nihali of Central India, who number about 5,000 people. The people of the Hunza Valley in Pakistan are another distinct population; they speak Burushaski ,

2328-638: The Commonwealth ). Immigrants from former Caribbean colonies (including Indo-Caribbeans ) were also moving to Britain. Although this immigration was continuous, several distinct phases can be identified: Bengali social reformer and founder of the All-India Seamen's Federation, Aftab Ali 's work is recognised to have helped thousands of Asian lascars to migrate, settle and find employment in Britain . He organised rallies and meetings with

2425-738: The East London Mosque , London Central Mosque , Birmingham Central Mosque , Baitul Futuh Mosque , BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London , Bradford Lakshmi Narayan Hindu Temple , Shikharbandi Jain Derasar in Potters Bar , Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha in Southall and Guru Nanak Darbar Gurdwara in Gravesend . The publication of Salman Rushdie 's novel The Satanic Verses in 1988 caused major controversy . Muslims condemned

2522-755: The First Minister and Keeper of the Scottish Seal , is the head of government of Scotland and the leader of the Scottish Government , the executive branch of the devolved government of Scotland. The first minister also serves as the keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland whilst in office. The first minister chairs the Scottish Cabinet and is primarily responsible for the formulation, development, and presentation of

2619-788: The Jarawa people of the Andaman Islands . The largest ethnolinguistic group in South Asia are the Indo-Aryans, numbering around 1 billion, and the largest subgroup are the native speakers of Hindi languages , numbering more than 470 million. These groups are based solely on a linguistic basis and not on a genetic basis. Many South Asian ethnic groups and nationalities have substantial diasporas. See also Bangladeshi diaspora , Indian diaspora , Nepalese diaspora , Pakistani diaspora , Afghan diaspora , and . Two (or possibly three) other people groups have ethnic and linguistic ties with

2716-513: The Mandarin , Cantonese , Min , and Hakka languages. The language spoken by Indians are Punjabi , Gujarati , Kutchi , Hindustani ( Hindi – Urdu ), Bengali , Tamil , Telugu and Malayalam . People from Pakistan speak Urdu , Punjabi , Mirpuri , Hindko (dialects of Punjabi), Sindhi , Kashmiri , Pashto and Saraiki . Gujaratis who emigrated from India and East Africa speak Gujarati , Hindi , and Kutchi (a dialect of Sindhi), while

2813-745: The Mirpur District in Azad Kashmir . The second largest ethnic group of British Pakistanis are the Punjabi people, largely from Attock District of Punjab followed by Pashtuns and other ethnic groups from the districts of Nowshera , Peshawar and Ghazi in province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . In the London Borough of Waltham Forest there are substantial numbers of Pakistani people originating from Jhelum , Punjab. Studies have shown 95 per cent of British Bangladeshis originate from

2910-942: The Prince of Sylhet . The man was waited upon by the British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger , and then dined with the Duke of York before presenting himself in front of the King. When the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrived in Calicut, India in 1498, he established the first European-Asian sea route (commonly called the Cape Route), opening up direct maritime passage between South Asia and Europe. An extension of this route, devised by

3007-523: The Scotland Act 1978 . This would have established an autonomous Scottish Executive with a leader termed 'First Secretary', a post for which Strathclyde political leader Geoff Shaw was widely expected to be chosen. Shaw died prematurely and the failure of the referendum of 1979 led to the Act not being implemented. Following the 1997 referendum and Scotland Act 1998 , Scottish devolution led to

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3104-530: The Sylhet Division , located in the Northeastern part of Bangladesh. British Chinese people originate primarily from former British colonies, such as Hong Kong , but also from areas of Southeast Asia , where they were already diasporic populations. There have been three waves of migration of Hindus in the United Kingdom. The first wave was before India's independence in 1947. In the early 1950s

3201-576: The UK census questionnaires. Categories for British Indians , British Pakistanis , British Bangladeshis , British Chinese , British Hongkongers and other Asians have existed under an Asian British heading since the 2011 census. In British English usage, especially in less formal contexts, the term "Asian" usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to the Indian subcontinent or South Asia , contrary to other Anglosphere countries such as Australia and

3298-688: The United States , where the term "Asian" usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to the Far East ( East , North and Southeast Asia ). There is a long history of migration to the United Kingdom (and its predecessor states) from across Asia . British colonies and protectorates throughout Asia brought lascars (sailors and militiamen) to port cities in Britain. Immigration of small numbers of South Asians to England began with

3395-475: The presiding officer would appoint an interim first minister, until the Scottish Parliament determined on a new nominee to be appointed by the monarch. During their tenure in office, the First Minister is supported by the Chief of Staff to the First Minister , who acts at the first minister's principal adviser on the first minister's strategic programme in government, inter-governmental relations, co-ordination of

3492-451: The "Asian / Asian British: Other" group by birthplace: ONS = Office for National Statistics, coding index. The unemployment rate among Indian men was only slightly higher than that for White British or White Irish men, 7 per cent compared with 5 per cent for the other two groups. On the other hand, Pakistanis have higher unemployment rates of 13–14%, and Bangladeshis have one of the highest rates, around 23%. Some surveys also revealed

3589-468: The 16th century. The Romani who settled in Britain are sometimes known as Romanichal , but there are several subgroups within the Romani population of the United Kingdom today. The first educated South Asian to travel to Europe and live in Britain was I'tisam-ud-Din , a Bengali Muslim cleric, munshi and diplomat to the Mughal Empire who arrived in 1765 with his servant Muhammad Muqim during

3686-725: The Asian lascars, Austronesian Malay people , from Southeast Asia, formed a significant part of the lascar population settling in, and sailing to and from Britain. From East Asia, Japanese and Chinese seamen were often operating as lascars for British ships and trading companies. From South Asia, Indians made up a huge proportion of these sea crews, particularly in the East India Company 's earliest decades of operation. Parsees (who originate from Persia , West Asia) and Luso-Asians of mixed Portuguese and Indian heritage, also came from South Asia to work as lascars. From West Asia, Armenians formed part of diverse lascar crews, and Yemenis increasingly served as lascar sailors and militiamen after

3783-464: The Conservative Health Minister, Enoch Powell recruited a large number of doctors from the Indian subcontinent . The second wave occurred in the 1970s mainly from East Africa . The later communities included those from Guyana , Trinidad and Tobago , Mauritius and Fiji . The last wave of migration began in the 1990s and included Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka and professionals including doctors and software engineers from India. Chinese Britons speak

3880-538: The Crown and The Living Daylights , and Sir Ben Kingsley (born Krishna Pandit Bhanji) is one of Britain's most acclaimed and well-known performers. Kingsley is one of few actors to have won all four major motion picture acting awards, receiving Oscar , BAFTA , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild awards throughout his career, including the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Gandhi (1982). South Asian ethnic groups Ethnic groups in South Asia are ethnolinguistic groupings within

3977-428: The Dutch explorer Hendrik Brouwer in 1611 and known as the Brouwer Route , subsequently found a new waterway to Southeast Asia. In the following centuries, the United Kingdom , and its predecessor states, utilised these sea routes to form the British Empire . Capitilising on their growing naval dominance among the other European powers, the British colonised the coastal areas in the West, South, Southeast and East of

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4074-421: The English parliament, forming the Parliament of Great Britain . The re-establishment of a dedicated legislature and executive for Scotland was known as devolution and initiated a measure of home rule (self-governance) in its domestic affairs, such as health , education and justice . The devolution movement came to a head in the 1970s, and resulted in a Royal Commission on the Constitution , leading to

4171-458: The First Minister chairs the Scottish Government Resilience Room (SGoRR). The function of the resilience room committee is to co-ordinate policy and response to major events in Scotland that affect the population and, with the help of specialist teams within the division assist department, develop detailed risk assessments which are used to inform policy across Scotland. There are currently different levels of resilience response in Scotland which

4268-405: The Government of the United Kingdom to use the term Asian Briton. Research project Minorities at Risk described this as an effort "to link ethnic groups to their heritage, and to make greater recognition of the sacrifices made by members of ethnic groups during World War II ". British Asian is a widely used term to describe British persons of Asian descent with either citizenship or residency in

4365-400: The Indian unemployment rate to be 6–7% Persons of Indian or mixed Indian origin are more likely than White British to have university degrees, whereas Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are less likely. With the exception of Bangladeshi women, every other group of South Asians, have higher attendance at university than the national average. GCSE pass rates have been rising for all South Asians. In

4462-411: The Minister of the Crown, or would be required to give advice to that Minister of the Crown. The Scotland Act 1998 confers upon the First Minister various functions of advising the monarch directly. Such functions include seeking the monarch's approval regarding the appointment of Scottish Ministers as well as recommending to the monarch nominations for appointment as Scottish Law Officers. Section 95 of

4559-410: The ONS designated the "Main countries of birth of Other Asian group" (the 10 places of birth with highest recorded figures), which, in descending order of population, were: United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Iran, India, Iraq, Mauritius, Pakistan, Kenya, Nepal and Yemen. As updated a decade later by the Office for National Statistics , the 2011 United Kingdom census recorded the following population figures for

4656-494: The Philippines are the largest foreign-national groups of National Health Service workers. South Asian ethnic groups mostly originate from a few select places in South Asia, these are known as place of origins. East Asian ethnic groups are particularly represented by the Han Chinese in the United Kingdom. British Indians tend to originate mainly from the two Indian States, Punjab and Gujarat . Evidence from Bradford and Birmingham have shown, Pakistanis originate largely from

4753-403: The Privy Council and is appointed by the Monarch. There are a variety of matters in which the Prime Minister would offer advice to the monarch on the exercise of their functions and on which it would be appropriate for the Prime Minister to consult or to take advice from the First Minister. Such matters include the recommendations of Scottish candidates for honours and dignities, which are currently

4850-432: The Scotland Act highlights the arrangements for the First Minister to nominate for the appointment as Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice Clerk. Additionally, the Scotland Act also grants the First Minister to recommend to the monarch the appointment of other judges. The First Minister is the head of the Scottish Government and is responsible for the overall development, implementation and presentation of

4947-410: The Scotland Act. The First Minister has the power to sign royal warrants on behalf of the monarch. As Keeper of the Great Seal, First Minister Humza Yousaf was the first First Minister to oversee the departure of the Stone of Scone , an ancient symbol of Scotland's nationhood, for Westminster Abbey for usage in the Coronation of Charles III and Camilla on 6 May. The First Minister is a member of

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5044-410: The Scottish Government's policies. Additional functions of the first minister include promoting and representing Scotland in an official capacity, at home and abroad. The first minister is nominated by the Scottish Parliament by members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), and is formally appointed by the monarch . Members of the Scottish Cabinet, junior ministers of the Scottish Government, as well as

5141-411: The Scottish Government's policy agenda. The First Minister is directly responsible for the management of the civil service in Scotland, as well as civil service staff within the Scottish Government. The First Minister has responsibility in respect of the exercise of operation and functions during vacancies which may arise in the offices of Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice Clerk and

5238-450: The Scottish Parliament for their actions and the actions of the overall Scottish Government. MSPs can scrutinise the activities of the first minister and their Cabinet by tabling written questions or by asking oral questions in the Scottish Parliament. Direct questioning of the first minister takes place at First Minister's Questions (FMQs) each Thursday at noon when Parliament is sitting. The 30-minute session enables MSPs to ask questions of

5335-414: The Scottish Parliament. Additionally, the First Minister has various functions and responsibilities regarding the appointments and removal of Scottish judges within the Scottish court system. The Permanent Secretary to the Scottish Government is nominated by the First Minister. The permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant in Scotland who serves to promote, implement, develop and communicating

5432-401: The Scottish Parliament. Ministers hold office at His Majesty's Pleasure and may be removed from office, at any time, by the first minister. The first minister also has the power to appoint the law officers and chief legal officers of the Scottish Government – the lord advocate and the solicitor general but only with the support of the Scottish Parliament. The first minister is responsible to

5529-421: The Scottish law officers, are appointed by the first minister. The first minister is directly accountable to the Scottish Parliament for their actions and the actions of the wider government and cabinet. The office is currently held by John Swinney , the MSP for Perthshire North and the leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP). Swinney was elected first minister by the Scottish Parliament on 7 May 2024, and

5626-444: The Trust in 2020, The Guardian questioned the merit of whether the American singer was a person "who inhabits the values of the British Asian community", reporting that Perry was "neither British nor Asian". The term has also received some criticism. BBC Asian Network commissioned an opinion poll that found that the majority of Asians in the UK disliked the term due to its inferred generalisation. Academic Roxy harris has critiqued

5723-504: The UK Government's emergency room, COBRA , for instances such as a significant terrorist attack, a serious outbreak of animal disease or emergencies affecting large numbers of British citizens overseas. The First Minister is the Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland which is considered to be one of the highest privileges of the office. The First Minister has additional responsibility over how Wafer Scottish Seals are to be kept and how they are to be taken under section 38(4) & 38(5)(b) of

5820-593: The UK South Asian population has higher rates of unemployment compared to the White-British population, and number of 16 to 64 year old's who were employed, by ethnicity showed Indians overall had the same ratio in employment as White-British at 76%. However those from Pakistani, Bangladeshi backgrounds have far lower rates in employment at 57%. The gap between men and women was biggest in the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic group, where 75% of men and 39% of women were employed compared to 80% of men and 73% of women amongst White-British. As of 2020, citizens of India and

5917-438: The UK's total population from 4.4% to 6.9%. In terms of birthplace, the first four categories of "Asian / Asian British" people are vastly represented by births in the United Kingdom and the corresponding national-based category (E.g. China and "Asian / Asian British: Chinese"). The following birthplace figures cover the region of England and Wales , which constitute 94.7 percent of the UK's Asian British statistics: In 2001,

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6014-473: The UK. Several Asian Britons have broken into the UK film industry , as well as Hollywood, and the U.S. film industry at large; starring in high-grossing box office films, including major film series , and receiving subsequent international recognition and media attention. In television, prominent roles in American sitcoms, series, and long-running British soap operas, such as Coronation Street , EastEnders , Emmerdale and Hollyoaks , have all had

6111-415: The UK. Although not following the UK's census formatting, there are numerous examples of the term gaining cultural traction in the country. Founded by Charles, Prince of Wales in 2007, the British Asian Trust follows the naming convention resultant from the popularity of the term, and projects an association to the category of British Asian people. After the appointment of Katy Perry as an ambassador of

6208-454: The United Kingdom came following the Second World War with the resumed control of Hong Kong , the breakup of the British Empire and the independence of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and later Bangladesh, especially during the 1950s and 1960s. An influx of Asian immigrants also took place following the expulsion or flight of Indian communities (then holders of British passports ) from the newly-independent Uganda , Kenya and Tanzania in

6305-425: The United Kingdom. In particular, Indians also came to Britain for educational or economic reasons during the British Raj (with most returning to India after a few months or years) and in greater numbers as the Indian independence movement led to the partition of 1947 , eventually creating the separate countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The most significant wave of Asian immigration to and settlement in

6402-994: The arrival of Asians with British passports from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. At first these were the people employed in government and administrative roles, but this was expanded to include those Asians engaged in commerce. The movement was called the "Exodus". In 1972, all South Asians were expelled from Uganda by the controversial figure Idi Amin , then president of Uganda. Those holding British passports came to Britain. Many such displaced people who were predominantly of Gujarati origins had left behind successful businesses and vast commercial empires in Uganda, but built up their lives all over again in Britain, starting from scratch. Some of these "twice-over" migrants became retailers, while others found suitable employment in white-collar professions. The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and Immigration Act 1971 largely restricted any further primary immigration , although family members of already-settled migrants were still allowed. In addition, much of

6499-521: The arrival of the East India Company to the Indian subcontinent , and the decline of the Mughal Empire , at the end of the 16th century. Between the 17th and mid-19th century, increasingly diverse lascar crews heading for Britain imported East Asians , such as Japanese and Chinese seamen, Southeast Asians , such as Malays , South Asians such as the Indians (including the people from Pakistan), Bengalis and Ceylonese and post- Suez Canal ; West Asians , such as Armenians and Yemenis , who settled throughout

6596-441: The book for blasphemy . On 2 December 1988 the book was publicly burned at a demonstration in Bolton attended by 7,000 Muslims, followed by a similar demonstration and book-burning in Bradford on 14 January 1989. In 1989 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to kill Rushdie. Britain is also home of notable Asian religious leaders and scholars. Some of them are Mirza Masroor Ahmad (Caliph of

6693-480: The completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, going on to open businesses, like boarding houses , in port cities such as Cardiff and South Shields. There were also the Ceylonese (Sri Lankans) and the Bengalis who also took part in sailing. Following the Second World War and the breakup of the British Empire , South Asian migration to the UK increased through the 1950s and 1960s from Pakistan (including present-day Bangladesh), India and Sri Lanka (who are all members of

6790-455: The continent, creating dozens of British colonies and protectorates in Asia. The administrators of the British Empire termed Asian labourers working for them coolies , of which lascars were considered the maritime equivalent. Lascars were sailors or seamen from many different ethnic backgrounds. The term was sometimes used to specifically refer to a sailor of any Asian ancestry, however there were also African lascars recorded in Britain. Of

6887-411: The diverse populations of South Asia , including the countries of Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Maldives , Nepal , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka . Afghanistan is variously considered to be a part of both Central Asia and South Asia, which means Afghans are not always included among South Asians, but when they are, South Asia has a total population of about 2.04 billion. The majority of

6984-514: The early 1970s. Since the 2010s, British Asians have achieved positions of high political office; Sadiq Khan (of Pakistani descent) became Mayor of London in 2016, Rishi Sunak (of Indian descent) became the first British Asian Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in October 2022 and Humza Yousaf (also of Pakistani descent) became First Minister of Scotland in March 2023. In Britain,

7081-606: The establishment of a post of first minister as head of the devolved Scottish Government. Since 1999, the Secretary of State for Scotland of the British Government has had a much reduced role at the renamed Scotland Office as a result of the transfer of responsibilities to the Scottish Parliament and Scottish Government. The first minister is nominated by the Scottish Parliament at the beginning of each term, by means of an exhaustive ballot among its members, and

7178-516: The expiration of the four-year term, but only if two-thirds (or more) of elected MSPs vote for such action in a resolution of the Scottish Parliament. If a simple majority of MSPs voted a no-confidence motion in the first minister or government, that would trigger a 28-day period for the nomination of a replacement; should that time period expire without the nomination of a new first minister, then an extraordinary election would have to be called. The first minister, once appointed, continues in office as

7275-490: The former British Raj and Ceylon (the modern countries of India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka and the Maldives ). The British Sociological Association 's guidelines on equality and diversity suggest that "South Asian" is more precise than "Asian" and that the latter should not be used where there is a risk of it conflating South Asians with people from elsewhere in Asia. The Office for National Statistics uses

7372-549: The government's policies, as well as responsible promoting and representing Scotland at home and overseas. The role and powers of the first minister are set out in sections 45 to 49 of the Scotland Act 1998 . Following their appointment, the first minister may then nominate ministers to sit in the Scottish Cabinet and junior ministers to form the Scottish Government. They are then formally elected by

7469-415: The head of the Scottish Government until they resign, are dismissed or die in office. Resignation can be triggered by the passage of a Motion of No Confidence in the first minister or the Scottish Government or by rejecting a motion of confidence in the Scottish Parliament. In those situations, the first minister must tender their resignation and the resignation of their government. In such circumstances,

7566-801: The highest proportion was in Glasgow at 11.08%; in Wales, the highest concentration was in Cardiff at 9.66%; and in Northern Ireland, the highest concentration was in Belfast at 3.74%. Due to a growing sense of affiliation with Britain, many third generation South Asians chose to not mark "Asian or British Asian" and instead marked "British Asian" in the "Other Asian" write in section. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded 1,451,862 residents of Indian, 1,174,983 of Pakistani, 451,529 of Bangladeshi, 433,150 of Chinese, and 861,815 of "Other Asian" ethnicity, making

7663-680: The incapacity of the holders of those offices as outlined in the Senior Judiciary (Vacancies and Incapacity)(Scotland) Act 2006. Additionally, the First Minister considers any action relating to recommendations made by the Standards Commission or Chief Investigating Officer in regards of Crown Appointments under Section 23 of the Ethical Standards in Public Life etc (Scotland) Act 2000. The First Minister

7760-699: The likes of the Trades Union Congress . He encouraged lascars and seamen to remain and settle in the United Kingdom. In the 1950s, he founded the Overseas Seamen's Welfare Association which campaigned distressed seamen and their families to be granted British passports . Ali also played an instrumental role in the opening of a passport office in his own home in Sylhet . Beginning around 1964 Africanization policies in East Africa prompted

7857-603: The northern and eastern regions of Sri Lanka and a small pocket of Pakistan. The Iranic peoples also have a significant presence in South Asia, the large majority of whom are located in Afghanistan and the northwestern and western parts of Pakistan. Minority groups not falling within either large group mostly speak languages belonging to the Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burman language families, and largely live around Ladakh and Northeast India , Nepal, Bhutan, and

7954-464: The office of first minister falls vacant, the sovereign is responsible for appointing the new incumbent upon nomination by the Scottish Parliament; the appointment is formalised at a meeting between the sovereign and the first minister designate. Given the additional member system used to elect its members, it is difficult for a single party to gain an overall majority of seats in the Scottish Parliament. The SNP did gain an overall majority of seats in

8051-538: The office of first minister of the Scottish Government , So help me God. The period in office of a first minister is not linked to the term of members of the Scottish Parliament . The Scotland Act set out a four-year maximum term for each session of Parliament. The Act specifies than an election to the Scottish Parliament will be held on the first Thursday in May, every four years, starting from 1999. Parliament can be dissolved and an extraordinary general election held, before

8148-558: The population fall within three large linguistic groups : Indo-Aryan , Dravidian , and Iranic . These groups are also further subdivided into numerous sub-groups, castes and tribes. Indo-Aryans form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in India ( North India , East India , West India , and Central India ), Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Dravidians form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in southern India ,

8245-542: The population subscribing to no religion, 19% Christians and 12% Buddhists. British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis tend to be religiously homogeneous, with Muslims accounting for 92% of each group while their counterparts of Indian and Sri Lankan origin are more religiously diverse, with 55% Hindus, 29% Sikhs, and 15% Muslims. British Gujaratis are predominantly Hindu, belonging to various caste organizations, with large minorities of Muslims , Jains , and smaller numbers of Christians and Zoroastrians . Notable religious buildings are

8342-1454: The region: National demographics: 16. Vij SB, Webb ML. Culturally competent occupational therapy practice for South Asians in the United States of America: A narrative review. Indian J Occup Ther 2022;54:4-9. [REDACTED] Media related to Ethnic groups in India at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Media related to Ethnic groups in Pakistan at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Media related to Ethnic groups in Nepal at Wikimedia Commons First Minister of Scotland Charles III William , Duke of Rothesay Swinney government The Rt Hon John Swinney MSP The Rt Hon John Swinney MSP Kate Forbes MSP Sixth session Alison Johnstone MSP Angela Constance MSP Dorothy Bain KC The Rt Hon Lord Carloway KC PC United Kingdom Parliament elections European Parliament elections Local elections Referendums Starmer ministry The Rt Hon Keir Starmer MP The Rt Hon Ian Murray MP The first minister of Scotland ( Scottish Gaelic : prìomh mhinistear na h-Alba , [ˈpʰrʲiəv ˈvinɪʃtʲɛr nə ˈhal̪ˠapə] , formally known as

8439-436: The reign of King George III . He wrote of his experiences and travels in his Persian book, Shigurf-nama-i-Wilayat ('Wonderous Chronicle of Europe'). This is also the earliest record of literature by a British Asian. Also during the reign of George III, the hookah-bardar (hookah servant/preparer) of James Achilles Kirkpatrick was said to have robbed and cheated Kirkpatrick, making his way to England and stylising himself as

8536-537: The subsequent growth in the South Asian community has come from the births of second and third-generation South Asian Britons. After Brexit , EU nationals working in the health and social care sector were replaced by migrants from non-EU countries such as India. About 250,000 people came from India, 90,000 from China and 83,000 from Pakistan in 2023. In 2021, the government launched a scheme for Hongkongers , with more than 200,000 Hong Kong residents immigrating to

8633-412: The team of special advisers to the first minister. As detailed in the Scotland Act 1998, the First Minister is responsible for recommending to the monarch a nominee for the position of Lord Advocate and Solicitor General for Scotland . The First Minister is also responsible for advocating whether a Lord Advocate or Solicitor General who is currently in post should be removed, subject to the approval of

8730-408: The term "Asian / Asian British" to categorise British Indians , British Pakistanis , British Bangladeshis , British Chinese people and people of any other Asian ancestry. Definitions and naming conventions for the category have evolved in the history of UK censuses. The 1991 United Kingdom census was the first to include a question on ethnicity (apart from in Northern Ireland, where the question

8827-623: The term as an example of a hyphenated or dual identity within Europe . Use of "Asian Briton" has appeared as both an illustrative term in media and for purposes of self-identity. For example, in 2005, politician Shailesh Vara was described as an Ugandan Asian Briton. Television presenter Sonia Deol and journalist Yasmin Alibhai-Brown have identified themselves as Asian Britons. In 1999, Alibhai-Brown published an Institute for Public Policy Research report, advising various departments of

8924-529: The term of "British Asian" as essentialising and hierarchising the values, or order of priority, of "British" and "Asian". The portmanteau Brasian has also been proposed as an alternative form of the term. In the course of the 2010s, usage of British Asian broadened in British media usage and in self-identification by British citizens or residents, to increasingly also include British people of heritage other than South Asia , such as East Asia and West Asia . In

9021-481: The terms used to describe residents and citizens of the United Kingdom with ancestry from Asia are, in alphabetical order, as follows: The term Asian Briton has been consistently used to refer to someone who is a British citizen or resident with ancestry from across the continent of Asia . In 2005, social science researcher Praful Bidwai used Asian Briton as an example of a "mixed" identity. In 2011, multiple scholars, such as Timothy Garton Ash and Sonja Licht , used

9118-419: The word "Asian" most frequently refers to people with ancestry from the Indian subcontinent ( Pakistanis , Indians , Bangladeshis , Sri Lankans ) This usage contrasts to that in the United States , where it is used primarily to refer to people of East and South-East Asian origin. In British English usage, the term Asian usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to South Asia , in particular

9215-451: Was delayed for a year and took place in 2022, the equivalent figure was 212,022, representing 3.9% of the population. The ten local authorities with the largest proportion of people who identified as Asian were: Redbridge (47.33%), Slough (46.75%), Harrow (45.23%), Tower Hamlets (44.43%), Leicester (43.40%), Newham (42.21%), Luton (36.99%), Hounslow (36.73%), Blackburn with Darwen (35.66%) and Hillingdon (33.32%). In Scotland,

9312-488: Was not asked until 2001). The question had tick-boxes for "Indian", "Pakistani" and "Bangladeshi". There was also a tick box, as well as a general "Any other ethnic group (please describe)" option for those not wishing to identify with any of the pre-set tick boxes. For the 2001 census , in England and Wales, "Indian", "Pakistani" and "Bangladeshi" and "Any other Asian background (please write in)" options were grouped under an "Asian or Asian British" heading, with appearing under

9409-702: Was sworn in on the following day. Following the referendum in 1997 , in which the Scottish electorate gave their consent, the Scottish Parliament and Scottish Executive (later the Scottish Government) were established by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the Labour government of the prime minister , Tony Blair . Under the Acts of Union 1707 , the former Parliament of Scotland merged with

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