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27-647: Brittle Paper is an online literary magazine styled as an "African literary blog" published weekly in the English language. Its focus is on "build(ing) a vibrant African literary scene." It was founded by Ainehi Edoro (at the time a doctoral student from Duke University , now an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison ). Since its founding in 2010, Brittle Paper has published fiction, poetry, essays, creative nonfiction and photography from both established and upcoming African writers and artists in

54-468: A Twitter user during an argument on the social network, by saying: "Sow the wind, reap the whirlwind. All is fair in love and war." Hadiza El-Rufai later apologized, claiming a misunderstanding. According to Edoro, the Brittle Paper post, written and published by Obi-Young without her vetting, contained language that was "histrionic, inflammatory, even melodramatic and totally not in keeping with

81-570: A major publicity platform for new books by African writers. Since 2015, Brittle Paper has recognized an African Literary Person of the Year, with the inaugural award going to Nigerian sci-fi novelist Nnedi Okorafor . The 2016 award went to Zimbabwean novelist Petina Gappah , and the 2017 award to the Nigerian writer and organiser Lola Shoneyin . In 2018, the award went to the publisher Bibi Bakare-Yusuf of Cassava Republic Press . In August 2017,

108-938: The Edinburgh Review in 1802. Other British reviews of this period included the Westminster Review (1824), The Spectator (1828), and Athenaeum (1828). In the United States, early journals included the Philadelphia Literary Magazine (1803–1808), the Monthly Anthology (1803–11), which became the North American Review , the Yale Review (founded in 1819), The Yankee (1828–1829) The Knickerbocker (1833–1865), Dial (1840–44) and

135-539: The Yale Review (founded in 1819) did not; thus the Yale journal is the oldest literary magazine in continuous publication. Begun in 1889, Poet Lore is considered the oldest journal dedicated to poetry. By the end of the century, literary magazines had become an important feature of intellectual life in many parts of the world. One of the most notable 19th century literary magazines of the Arabic-speaking world

162-761: The National Endowment for the Arts , which created a committee to distribute support money for this burgeoning group of publishers called the Coordinating Council of Literary Magazines (CCLM). This organisation evolved into the Council of Literary Magazines and Presses (CLMP). Many prestigious awards exist for works published in literary magazines including the Pushcart Prize and the O. Henry Awards . Literary magazines also provide many of

189-492: The Republic of Letters ) was a periodical devoted to reviews of current publications, edited and in large part written by Pierre Bayle . It began publication in 1684, and is the first known book review journal. Bayle edited it from March 1684 through February 1687; it was continued by Daniel de Larroque , Jean Barrin and Jean Le Clerc through April 1689. Publication was suspended from then until January 1699 when it

216-1083: The Arts, and New Ideas , which began publication in 1951 in England, the Paris Review , which was founded in 1953, The Massachusetts Review and Poetry Northwest , which were founded in 1959, X Magazine , which ran from 1959 to 1962, and the Denver Quarterly , which began in 1965. The 1970s saw another surge in the number of literary magazines, with a number of distinguished journals getting their start during this decade, including Columbia: A Journal of Literature and Art , Ploughshares , The Iowa Review , Granta , Agni , The Missouri Review , and New England Review . Other highly regarded print magazines of recent years include The Threepenny Review , The Georgia Review , Ascent , Shenandoah , The Greensboro Review , ZYZZYVA , Glimmer Train , Tin House , Half Mystic Journal ,

243-518: The Canadian magazine Brick , the Australian magazine HEAT , and Zoetrope: All-Story . Some short fiction writers, such as Steve Almond , Jacob M. Appel and Stephen Dixon have built national reputations in the United States primarily through publication in literary magazines. The Committee of Small Magazine Editors and Publishers (COSMEP) was founded by Richard Morris in 1968. It

270-711: The New Orleans–based De Bow's Review (1846–80). Several prominent literary magazines were published in Charleston, South Carolina , including The Southern Review (1828–32) and Russell's Magazine (1857–60). The most prominent Canadian literary magazine of the 19th century was the Montreal-based Literary Garland . The North American Review , founded in 1815, is the oldest American literary magazine. However, it had its publication suspended during World War II, and

297-399: The Nigerian writer and journalist Otosirieze Obi-Young , who had been serving as deputy editor departed the blog. Brittle Paper publishes original content submitted by authors, as well as commissioned reviews, interviews, essays, and other literary work. Having grown into "a thriving community of readers and writers interested in everything about African literature", the blog is regarded as

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324-447: The United States." According to its founding editor, the magazine began as an outlet for her postgraduate work at Duke University . The site was run out of her private finances. Edoro said: "I wanted Brittle Paper to be this place where lifestyle and literature intersected. I wanted to create a space for African literature that was chill and fun, that wasn’t preachy and had a little bit of everything for everybody. For me, Brittle Paper

351-655: The blog launched the Brittle Paper Awards. The awards are given in five categories: short prose fiction, poetry, creative nonfiction, essays/think pieces, and an Anniversary Award. It is the first literary awards in Africa to be run by a magazine and without corporate support. In a 2017 The Afrovibe profile, novelist Obinna Udenwe notes: While we acknowledge the rise in literary platforms since 2010, we haven’t seen one that equals Brittle Paper in style, creativity, innovation, richness of content, flexibility of

378-443: The continent and around the world. A member of The Guardian Books Network, it has been described as "the village square of African literature", as "Africa's leading literary journal", and as "one of Africa's most on the ball and talked-about literary publications". In 2014, the magazine was named a "Go-To Book Blog" by Publishers Weekly , who described it as "an essential source of news about new work by writers of color outside of

405-640: The evolution of independent literary journals. There are thousands of other online literary publications and it is difficult to judge the quality and overall impact of this relatively new publishing medium. Little magazines, or "small magazines", are literary magazines that often publish experimental literature and the non-conformist writings of relatively unknown writers. Typically they had small readership, were financially uncertain or non-commercial, were irregularly published and showcased artistic innovation. Nouvelles de la r%C3%A9publique des lettres Nouvelles de la république des lettres ( News from

432-566: The most influential—though radically different—journals of the last half of the 20th century were The Kenyon Review ( KR ) and the Partisan Review . The Kenyon Review , edited by John Crowe Ransom , espoused the so-called New Criticism . Its platform was avowedly unpolitical. Although Ransom came from the South and published authors from that region, KR also published many New York–based and international authors. The Partisan Review

459-1020: The pieces in The Best American Short Stories and The Best American Essays annual volumes. SwiftCurrent , created in 1984, was the first online literary magazine. It functioned as more of a database of literary works than a literary publication. In 1995, the Mississippi Review was the first large literary magazine to launch a fully online issue. By 1998, Fence and Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern were published and quickly gained an audience. Around 1996, literary magazines began to appear more regularly online. At first, some writers and readers dismissed online literary magazines as not equal in quality or prestige to their print counterparts, while others said that these were not properly magazines and were instead ezines . Since then, though, many writers and readers have accepted online literary magazines as another step in

486-600: The platform has demonstrated in the past and that I believe it should continue to stand for. Literary magazine Nouvelles de la république des lettres is regarded as the first literary magazine; it was established by Pierre Bayle in France in 1684. Literary magazines became common in the early part of the 19th century, mirroring an overall rise in the number of books, magazines, and scholarly journals being published at that time. In Great Britain , critics Francis Jeffrey , Henry Brougham and Sydney Smith founded

513-401: The publication over an internal editorial dispute. Official statements are unclear and differ as to whether he quit or was fired. The dispute revolved around potential edits to a story about Hadiza Isma El-Rufai , a novelist and wife of Kaduna state governor Mallam Nasir El-Rufai . The governor's wife had responded to a comment calling her attention to her son's threat of sexual violence against

540-400: The seriousness of the matter" and did not meet the site's editorial standard. She also pointed out "potentially libelous reference to two Nigerian newspapers." These and the disagreement over how to handle the publication of the story, which was eventually taken down, led to the exit of Obi-Young, the deputy editor. In his statement, he lamented a "censorship (that) goes against everything that

567-519: The website and in giving room for whoever that is a writer to share their works and have a space to interact with the larger literary community. Brittle Paper ' s ideas [do] not just help build the African literary tradition, [it] sets its foundation on a solid rock and gathers all classes of people who are needed to sustain the tradition and safe-guard it. In April 2020, the deputy editor of Brittle Paper , Otosirieze Obi-Young , stopped working for

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594-919: Was Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa . Among the literary magazines that began in the early part of the 20th century is Poetry magazine. Founded in 1912, it published T. S. Eliot 's first poem, " The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock ". Another was The Bellman , which began publishing in 1906 and ended in 1919, was edited by William Crowell Edgar and was based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Other important early-20th century literary magazines include The Times Literary Supplement (1902), Southwest Review (1915), Virginia Quarterly Review (1925), World Literature Today (founded in 1927 as Books Abroad before assuming its present name in 1977), Southern Review (1935), and New Letters (1935). The Sewanee Review , although founded in 1892, achieved prominence largely thanks to Allen Tate , who became editor in 1944. Two of

621-423: Was about thinking about how African literature intersected with so many different spheres." The site eventually featured news and views about contemporary African literature . Edoro describes it as "a literary project designed to adapt African literary culture to this new reality of speculative writing--fantasy, science fiction-- but also in experimental narratives, pulp-fiction, and other off-beat genres." In 2020,

648-414: Was an attempt to organize the energy of the small presses. Len Fulton, editor and founder of Dustbook Publishing, assembled and published the first real list of these small magazines and their editors in the mid-1970s. This made it possible for poets to pick and choose the publications most amenable to their work and the vitality of these independent publishers was recognized by the larger community, including

675-613: Was first associated with the American Communist Party and the John Reed Club ; however, it soon broke ranks with the party. Nevertheless, politics remained central to its character, while it also published significant literature and criticism. The middle-20th century saw a boom in the number of literary magazines, which corresponded with the rise of the small press . Among the important journals which began in this period were Nimbus: A Magazine of Literature,

702-574: Was monthly from the beginning through 1710; after that, it was published bi-monthly. A reproduction was published in Geneva by Slatkine in 1966. Le gazetier universel (digital resources on antique press) : Nouvelles de la république des lettres on Google (University of Michigan) : This article about mass media in the Netherlands is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This literary criticism -related article

729-699: Was resumed under the editorship of Jacques Bernard . He continued it through December 1710; it was then suspended until January 1716, when he resumed and continued until the final issue in June 1718. Although written in French, it was published in Amsterdam to escape French censorship. The initial publisher was Henri Desbordes from 1684 through 1689 and 1699 through May 1708, and subsequently by Pierre Mortier from June 1708 through December 1710, and David Mortier from January 1716 through June 1718. Publication

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