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34-665: The Brixentaler Ache is a river of Tyrol , Austria , a right tributary of the Inn . It passes through the districts of Kitzbühel and Kufstein . It is one of the largest tributaries of the Inn in the Tyrolean Unterland by catchment area (329 km (127 sq mi)), but is only 26.4 km (16.4 mi) long. The Brixentaler Ache rises as the Brixenbach in the territory of Brixen im Thale and flows westwards through

68-723: A state of the Holy Roman Empire in its own right. When the Counts of Tyrol died out in 1253, their estates were inherited by the Meinhardiner Counts of Görz . In 1271, the Tyrolean possessions were divided between Count Meinhard II of Görz and his younger brother Albert I , who took the lands of East Tyrol around Lienz and attached them (as "outer county") to his committal possessions around Gorizia ("inner county"). The last Tyrolean countess of

102-526: A small power station run by Tiroler Wasserkraft . Below the weir the Luecher Bach enters the main stream from the direction of Söll to the north. After having been fed by so much water from its large tributaries the Ache now dominates the landscape of the broad and densely settled Brixental valley. After the now around 16 metres (52 ft) wide Brixentaler Ache has flowed through Wörgl, it discharges from

136-565: A thoroughly comparable picture: In Vienna and Lower Austria, Austria patriotism dominated (1988) over territorial consciousness. In Upper Austria, Salzburg and Styria, national patriotism slightly outweighed federal state patriotism. In Carinthia, Tyrol and Vorarlberg, national patriotism clearly dominated. When asked to rate their own national patriotism on a ten-point scale, 83% of Carinthians, 69% of Tyroleans, 63% of Vorarlbergers, Burgenlanders and Styrians, 59% of Upper Austrians, 55% of Lower Austrians, 47% of Viennese and 43% of Salzburgers gave it

170-429: Is associated with Tyrol it is also known as "Tyrolean Dried Fruit Bread". The question of which regional unit was the bearer of primary identification was raised in the 1987 Austrian Consciousness Survey. The possible answers were: the hometown (local patriotism), one's own province (regional patriotism), (Central) Europe (European consciousness), the world (cosmopolitanism). A research project led by Peter Diem offers

204-475: Is divided into nine districts ( Bezirke ); one of them, Innsbruck, is a statutory city . There are 277 municipalities. The districts and their administrative centres, from west to east and north to south, are: The traditional form of mural art known as Lüftlmalerei is typical of Tyrolean villages and towns. Kletzenbrot is a sweet bread made with dried fruits and nuts for the Advent season . Because it

238-496: Is known for its university, and especially for its medicine. Tyrol is popular for its famous ski resorts, which include Kitzbühel , Ischgl and St. Anton . The 15 largest towns in Tyrol are: The historical population is given in the following chart: The federal state's gross domestic product (GDP) was 34.6 billion euro in 2018, accounting for 9% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

272-822: Is located entirely within the Eastern Alps at the Brenner Pass . The highest mountain in the federal state is the Großglockner , part of the Hohe Tauern range on the border with Carinthia. It has a height of 3,797 m (12,457.35 ft), making it the highest mountain in Austria. In ancient times, the region was split between the Roman provinces of Raetia (west of the Inn River) and Noricum . From

306-670: The Brixental , a southeastern valley of the Lower Inn Valley . Between Westendorf and Hopfgarten im Brixental (the main village in the valley), the valley floor narrows. Immediately after this bottleneck the Windauer Ache joins the Brixenbach from the south. From this confluence the Brixenbach is known as the Brixentaler Ache. After about one kilometre the larger Kelchsauer Ache joins the river (also from

340-532: The Helvetii , on the east with Noricum , on the north with Vindelicia , on the south-west with Transalpine Gaul and on the south with Venetia et Histria , a region of Roman Italy . It thus comprised the districts occupied in modern times by eastern and central Switzerland (containing the Upper Rhine and Lake Constance ), southern Germany ( Bavaria and most of Baden-Württemberg ), Vorarlberg and

374-839: The Kingdom of Italy according to the 1915 London Pact and the provisions of the Treaty of Saint Germain . From November 1918, it was occupied by 20,000–22,000 soldiers of the Italian Army. Tyrol was the center of an important resistance group against Nazi Germany around Walter Caldonazzi, which united with the group around the priest Heinrich Maier and the Tyrolean Franz Josef Messner. The Catholic resistance group very successfully passed on plans and production facilities for V-1 rockets , V-2 rockets , Tiger tanks , Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet and other aircraft to

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408-773: The Oenus ( River Inn ). During the last years of the Western Roman Empire , the land was in a desolate condition, but its occupation by the Ostrogoths in the time of Theodoric the Great , who placed it under a dux , to some extent revived its prosperity. Much of Raetia prima remained as a separate political unit, Raetia Curiensis , for several centuries, until it was attached to the Duchy of Swabia in AD 917. The land

442-424: The diocese of the vicarius Italiae , and was subdivided into Raetia prima , with a praeses at Curia Raetorum ( Chur ) and Raetia secunda , with a praeses at Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg), the former corresponding to the old Raetia, the latter to Vindelicia. The boundary between them is not clearly defined, but may be stated generally as a line drawn eastwards from the lacus Brigantinus ( Lake Constance ) to

476-636: The "tribes" that a book published in London would like to portray. (The Times Guide to the Peoples of Europe, London 1994 The Times guide to the peoples of Europe ) Raetia Raetia or Rhaetia ( / ˈ r iː ʃ ( i ) ə / REE -sh(ee-)ə , Latin: [ˈrae̯.ti.a] ) was a province of the Roman Empire named after the Rhaetian people . It bordered on the west with the country of

510-688: The Allies, with which they could target German production facilities. Maier and his group informed the American secret service OSS very early on about the mass murder of Jews in Auschwitz. For after the war they planned an Austria united with South Tyrol and Bavaria. After World War II , North Tyrol was governed by France and East Tyrol was part of the British Zone of occupation until Austria regained independence in 1955. The capital, Innsbruck,

544-713: The County of Tyrol (which in the next year became a constituent land of the Austrian Empire ), but Tyrol was ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1805. Andreas Hofer led the Tyrolean Rebellion against the French and Bavarian occupiers. Later, South Tyrol was ceded to the Kingdom of Italy , a client state of the First French Empire, by Bavaria in 1810. After Napoleon's defeat, the whole of Tyrol

578-785: The Danube. Raetia was connected to Italy across the Alps over the Reschen Pass , by the Via Claudia Augusta . The capital of the province was Augusta Vindelicorum , present-day Augsburg in southern Germany. Little is known of the origin or history of the Raetians , who appear in the records as one of the most powerful and warlike of the Alpine tribes. Livy states distinctly that they were of Etruscan origin (a belief that

612-682: The Meinhardiner Dynasty, Margaret , bequeathed her assets to the Habsburg duke Rudolph IV of Austria in 1363. In 1420, the committal residence was relocated from Merano to Innsbruck. The Tyrolean lands were reunited when the Habsburgs inherited the estates of the extinct Counts of Görz in 1500. In the course of the German mediatization in 1803, the prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen were secularized and merged into

646-515: The Romans, Celtic tribes were already in possession of much of it and had amalgamated so completely with the original inhabitants that, generally speaking, the Raetians of later times may be regarded as a Celtic people, although non-Celtic tribes (es. Euganei ) were settled among them. The Raetians are first mentioned (but only incidentally) by Polybius , and little is heard of them till after

680-641: The course of the Etsch and Eisack in present South Tyrol over the Brenner and then following the northern Wipp valley to Hall. From there roads branched along the River Inn . The Via Raetia went westwards and up onto the Seefeld Plateau , where it crossed into Bavaria where Scharnitz is today. The Porta Claudia , built in the early 17th century is a fortification that underlines the importance of

714-502: The end of the Republic . There is little doubt, however, that they retained their independence until their subjugation in 15 BC by Tiberius and Drusus . At first Raetia formed a distinct province, but towards the end of the 1st century AD Vindelicia was added to it; hence, Tacitus ( Germania , 41) could speak of Augusta Vindelicorum ( Augsburg ) as "a colony of the province of Raetia". The whole province (including Vindelicia)

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748-530: The federal states Salzburg in the east and Vorarlberg in the west. In the north, it adjoins the German federal state of Bavaria ; in the south, it shares borders with the Italian province of South Tyrol and the Swiss canton of Graubünden . East Tyrol shares its borders with the federal state of Carinthia to the east and Italy's Province of Belluno ( Veneto ) to the south. The federal state's territory

782-659: The greater part of Tyrol in Austria , and part of northern Lombardy in Italy . The region of Vindelicia (today eastern Württemberg and western Bavaria) was annexed to the province at a later date than the others. The northern border of Raetia during the reigns of emperors Augustus and Tiberius was the River Danube . Later the Limes Germanicus marked the northern boundary, stretching for 166 km north of

816-479: The highest value. The results of this study underline the assumption of a highly developed sense of national identity in most Austrian provinces. Peculiarly, the federal provinces are also largely "endogamous" in relation to other provinces, i.e. they correspond to what ethnologists would call a gentile association, a "tribe". It is therefore also permissible to identify the inhabitants of the Austrian provinces as

850-740: The mid-6th century, it was resettled by Germanic Bavarii tribes. In the Early Middle Ages it formed the southern part of the German stem duchy of Bavaria , until the Counts of Tyrol , former Vogt officials of the Trent and Brixen prince-bishops at Tyrol Castle , achieved imperial immediacy after the deposition of the Bavarian duke Henry the Proud in 1138, and their possessions formed

884-688: The road in the Early Modern Period. Today Tyrol has international road, rail and air connections. Innsbruck Airport is Tyrol's international airport. In addition there are several smaller airports in various places such as St. Johann in Tirol , Höfen in the Außerfern or Langkampfen . Many public transit companies operate a common tariff scheme as part of the Tyrol Transport Association . The federal state

918-517: The south into the Inn . The river's catchment area is relatively large, especially as a result of its tributaries, the Windauer Ache and Kelchsauer Ache, and covers about a third of the territory of Kitzbühel District . Tirol (state) Tyrol is separated into two parts, divided by a 7-kilometre wide (4.3 mi) strip of Salzburg State . The two constituent parts of Tyrol are the northern and larger North Tyrol ( Nordtirol ) and

952-475: The south). The 26 km (16 mi) long Kelchsauer Ache drains the entire Kelchsau area. Between Hopfgarten and the section of river forming the boundary between Kirchbichl and Wörgl , the Ache is again forced through a gorge, before it breaks out into the plains of the Inn Valley. On leaving the gorge the Ache is impounded by a large weir and part of the water is diverted into a channel that leads to

986-565: The southeastern and smaller East Tyrol ( Osttirol ). Salzburg State lies to the east of North Tyrol, while on the south Tyrol has a border to the Italian province of South Tyrol , which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire before the First World War . With a land area of 12,683.85 km (4,897.26 sq mi), Tyrol is the third-largest federal state in Austria. North Tyrol shares its borders with

1020-530: Was 40,900 euro or 136% of the EU27 average in the same year. Tyrol has long been a central hub for European long-distance routes and thus a transit land for trans-European trade over the Alps. As early as the 1st century B.C. Tyrol had one of the most important north–south links of the Roman Empire , the Via Claudia Augusta . Roman roads crossed the Tyrol from the Po Plain in present-day Italy, following

1054-538: Was at first under a military prefect , then under a procurator ; it had no standing army quartered in it but relied on its own native troops and militia for protection until the 2nd century AD. During the reign of Marcus Aurelius , Raetia was governed by the commander of the Legio III Italica , which was based in Castra Regina ( Regensburg ) by 179 AD. Under Diocletian , Raetia formed part of

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1088-509: Was favored by Niebuhr and Mommsen ). A tradition reported by Justin and Pliny the Elder affirmed that they were a portion of that people who had settled in the plains of the Po and were driven into the mountains by the invading Gauls , when they assumed the name of "Raetians" from an eponymous leader Raetus. Even if their Etruscan origin be accepted, at the time when the land became known to

1122-430: Was returned to Austria in 1814. Tyrol was a Cisleithanian Kronland (royal territory) of Austria-Hungary from 1867. The County of Tyrol then extended beyond the boundaries of today's federal state, including North Tyrol and East Tyrol; South Tyrol and Trentino ( Welschtirol ) as well as three municipalities, which today are part of the adjacent province of Belluno. After World War I , these lands became part of

1156-596: Was very mountainous, and the inhabitants, when not engaged in predatory expeditions, chiefly supported themselves by breeding cattle and cutting timber, little attention being paid to agriculture. Some of the valleys, however, were rich and fertile, and produced wine, which was considered equal to any in Italia . Augustus preferred Raetian wine to any other. Considerable trade in pitch , honey , wax , and cheese occurred. The chief towns of Raetia (excluding Vindelicia) were Tridentum ( Trento ) and Curia (Coire or Chur ). It

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