Bochov ( German : Buchau ) is a town in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 1,900 inhabitants.
64-417: The villages of Číhaná, Dlouhá Lomnice, Herstošice, Hlineč, Javorná, Jesínky, Kozlov, Mirotice, Německý Chloumek, Nové Kounice, Polom, Rybničná, Sovolusky, Teleč, Těšetice and Údrč are administrative parts of Bochov. Bochov is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Karlovy Vary . It lies on the border of three nature regions. The eastern part of the municipal territory with the town proper lies in
128-504: A market town . It was founded in the first half of the 14th century as a mining settlement, but the tin reserves here were soon mined. From 1938 to 1945, Bochov was occupied by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland . The I/6 road (part of the European route E48 ), which replaces the incomplete section of the D6 motorway from Prague to Karlovy Vary) passes through
192-444: A cultural monument needs to care for its conservation, to keep it in good condition and to protect it at his/her own expense. The owner is entitled to free professional advice when providing care for the monument. Since repairing a monument usually requires a specific approach like the use of traditional materials and technologies which may prove costly, the owner has an option to apply for various grants offered by some institutions in
256-485: A historical environment or part of the landscape. A total of 211 village monument zones are declared in the Czech Republic as of 2011. A landscape monument zone is an area protected primarily for the cultural value of the landscape. This means that they such areas do not necessarily have to be of exceptional natural or ecological quality, although in most cases the protection of cultural and natural heritage
320-700: A territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, historical environment or part of a landscape area that display significant cultural values as a monument zone. As of 2019 there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List . The criteria for declaring an object a cultural monument, as well as the rules of their protection and management are defined in Act 20/1987 Coll., on State Heritage Preservation. The criteria include objects that are an "important record of historical development, way of life and environment of society from
384-633: A wooden structure, built in Swiss style in 1882–1883 by Fellner & Helmer), and Castle Colonnade ( Zámecká ; built in Art Nouveau style in 1910–1912 by Friedrich Ohmann ). The most valuable church is the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene. It is a Catholic church, built in the Baroque style in 1732–1736 on the site of an old Gothic church from the second half of the 14th century. It was built according to
448-527: Is a massive granite fountain from the 18th century. A tourist destination is a ruin of the Hartenštejn Castle on a hill near the town. It was built in the 1460s–1470s and belonged to the best defense systems in Bohemia , but already in 1573, it was abandoned. The reconstructed tower of Hartenštejn Castle now serves as an observation tower. The predecessor of Hartenštejn was Hungerberg Castle, located on
512-506: Is also represented by the football club FC Slavia Karlovy Vary , which plays in the third tier of the Czech football system . Karlovy Vary is notable for its large concentration of monuments and architecturally valuable buildings. The origin of most of them is connected with the spa tradition of the city. Since 2018, the spa centre of the city along the Teplá river and the wider surroundings with
576-622: Is an area that includes the city and its surroundings, linked to the city by commuting and migration. It has about 138,000 inhabitants. Karlovy Vary is the most visited spa town in the Czech Republic. As the principal city on the West Bohemian Spa Triangle and the largest spa complex in Europe, Karlovy Vary has over 80 springs. They are a part of the Eger Graben , a tectonically active region in western Bohemia. Although
640-558: Is an international airport located 4.5 kilometres (3 mi) southeast from the city centre, at the village of Olšová Vrata. In the 19th century, Karlovy Vary became a popular tourist destination, especially known for international celebrities who visited for spa treatment. The city is also known for the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival , which is one of the oldest in the world and one of Europe's major film events. The city has been used as
704-872: Is declared by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Most urban monument zones are of medieval origin, but some urban formations are from other historical eras. Among the historical zones are examples of the Renaissance upper towns ( Horní Blatná , Jiřetín pod Jedlovou ), Baroque and Classicist towns ( Nový Bor , Jablonec nad Nisou ), spa towns ( Karlovy Vary , Mariánské Lázně , Luhačovice ) or urban areas connected with industrial production ( Vítkovice and Přívoz in Ostrava) or rental apartments construction ( Prague districts Karlín , Vinohrady , Vršovice , Žižkov , Nusle , Bubeneč , Smíchov and Dejvice ). Modern urban and residential districts dated from
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#1732801699311768-477: Is focused on services and only small and medium-sized industrial enterprises are based in it. The main industry is the food and beverage industry, characterized by the bottling of mineral waters and the production of unique delicacies. The largest industrial employer based in the city is Mattoni 1873 . Karlovy Vary is known for the popular Czech liqueur Becherovka , which has been produced here since 1807. The Karlovarské oplatky (Carlsbad wafers ) originated in
832-501: Is intertwined and complementary. The pool of the landscape monuments is very diverse – they can be architecturally composed landscapes with roads and alleys and related buildings ( Novohradsko , Chudenicko , Lednice-Valtice area), or important pilgrimage sites ( Římovsko , Libějovicko-Lomecko ), areas with the remains of mining activities ( Jáchymov , Krupka ) or memorial lands, reminiscent of major battles ( battlefield near Hradec Králové ), near Slavkov or Chlumec ). The owner of
896-649: Is located about 106 kilometres (66 mi) west of Prague . The northern part of the municipal territory with most of the built-up area lies in a relatively flat landscape of the Sokolov Basin . The southern part, including the valley of the Teplá River, lies in a hilly landscape of the Slavkov Forest and in the eponymous protected landscape area. The highest point is the hill Vítkův vrch at 642 m (2,106 ft) above sea level. The city lies at
960-658: Is located in Údrč. The originally Gothic church was rebuilt in the Neoclassical style after a fire in 1783. Karlovy Vary Karlovy Vary ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈkarlovɪ ˈvarɪ] ; German : Karlsbad , formerly also spelled Carlsbad in English) is a spa city in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 49,000 inhabitants. It is located at
1024-650: Is the Mill Colonnade (Czech: Mlýnská ; pseudo-Renaissance structure, built in 1871–1881). The best-known spring is Vřídlo, located in Hot Spring Colonnade ( Vřídelní ; built in Functionalistic style in 1975). The spring gushes out in a geyser up to 12 m (39 ft) high. Other colonnades in the city are Park Colonnade ( Sadová ; cast-iron architecture structure built in 1880–1881 by Fellner & Helmer ), Market Colonnade ( Tržní ;
1088-593: Is the biggest state-funded organisation under the Culture Ministry of the Czech Republic. Under the current laws it is entrusted with a number of expert tasks related to the state heritage conservation. The institute manages all the state-owned monuments. As of 2019 there are over a hundred castles, chateaux and other monuments under the NPÚ management. It also maintains the Central List of Cultural Monuments of
1152-541: The Teplá Highlands , the western part lies in the Slavkov Forest , and a small part in the northeast extends into the Doupov Mountains . The highest point is the hill Mirotický vrch at 791 m (2,595 ft) above sea level. The Střela River flows along the southern municipal border. The area of Bochov is rich in fishponds. The first written mention of Bochov is from 1325, when it was promoted to
1216-409: The 1756 season to 26,000 guests annually at the end of the 19th century. The greatest year for tourism was 1911, when the number of visitors reached 70,956. World War I ended the development of tourism. Other disasters for tourism were the world economic crisis and the beginning of World War II. At the end of World War I in 1918, the large German-speaking population of Bohemia was incorporated into
1280-473: The 18th through 20th centuries. The historic city centre with the spa cultural landscape is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation . Karlovy Vary is made up of 15 municipal parts and villages: Cihelny forms an exclave of the municipal territory. The city is named after its founder. The name Karlovy Vary means literally " Charles ' Baths". The city was also colloquially called Warmbad (German for "hot bath"). Karlovy Vary
1344-464: The 20th century ( Plzeň Lochotín and Plzeň Bezovka , Prague's Ořechovka and Baba ), or workers' colonies ( Brumov ) are among the urban monument zone. Even the era of the so-called socialist realism is included ( Poruba neighborhood in Ostrava ). A village monument zone has a lower concentration of cultural monuments than a village monument reservation but exhibits significant cultural value as
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#17328016993111408-425: The Church received the bulk of the contributions. The program provides contributions to ensure the most urgent repairs of the immovable cultural monuments. In 2018 the Church received the bulk of the contributions. This program provides contributions to the restoration of cultural monuments located in the most valuable parts of historic cities declared as conservation areas or zones. In 2018 municipalities received
1472-564: The Czech Republic and the Tentative List of cultural monuments which the Czech republic intends to consider for nomination for the World Heritage List . The institute is also required to provide free advice on the conservation, maintenance and renovation of the monuments, and provide expert supervision during their restoration and renovation. The Ministry has also established a monument inspectorate as its specialized supervisory body in
1536-419: The Czech Republic there are urban , village and archeological monument reservations. A monument zone can be a city, part of a city, or a part of a landscape unit that has significant cultural value. The Czech Republic has urban, village, and landscape monument zones. All are proclaimed by the Ministry of Culture. An urban monument zone is a part of a city or town that is historically significant. It
1600-799: The Czech Republic. In 2018 the Church received the bulk of the contributions. The UNESCO Support Program was created in 2008. Its main objective is to meet the Czech Republic's obligations arising from the adoption of the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage . The purpose of the program is to support the upkeep of the Czech monuments registered on the World Heritage List. It allows financial support of publicly beneficial projects submitted by associations, whose activities help to protect
1664-499: The Czech republic, namely by the Ministry of Culture, or for funding available through the European Structural Funds . Financial support is also offered directly by some regional authorities, however the programs differ from region to region. The Ministry of Culture may provide a contribution to the restoration of a cultural monument from the state budget if there is an extraordinary social interest in preserving
1728-606: The Loket ). The location was subsequently named "Karlovy Vary" after the emperor. Charles IV granted the town privileges on 14 August 1370. Earlier settlements can also be found on the outskirts of today's city. An important political event took place in the city in 1819, with the issuing of the Carlsbad Decrees following a conference there. Initiated by the Austrian Minister of State Klemens von Metternich ,
1792-426: The Ministry publishes an evaluation report for six of the programs listed below. The report shows the total CZK amount allocated to the 14 regions of the Czech republic broken up by the recipient type and the monument type. The program provides contributions to the restoration of the most valuable pieces of the architectural heritage (for example, castles, chateaux, monasteries, historical gardens, churches). In 2018
1856-580: The actual count of the protected objects - in reality there are more than two millions individual pieces, many of them recorded under the same index number. There are almost 40 thousand immovable objects like historical buildings, archaeological sites, industrial monuments, folk architecture. The movable objects include works of art, valuable handicrafts, historical library collections and original furnishings of castles and chateaux and sacral buildings. There are hundreds of thousands of such items, almost 49 thousand items are protected as cultural monuments. Unlike
1920-527: The annual average temperature is 7.4 °C (45.3 °F), the hottest month in July is 17.2 °C (63.0 °F), and the coldest month is −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) in January. The annual precipitation is 568.4 millimetres (22.38 in), of which June is the wettest with 71.1 millimetres (2.80 in), while February is the driest with only 27.8 millimetres (1.09 in). The extreme temperature throughout
1984-442: The area of state monument care. The main mission of the monument inspectorate is to exercise central supervision over compliance with this Act 20/1987 and with regulations issued for its implementation. Each municipality manages cultural monuments within its territory. Municipalities with extended powers then carry out delegated state administration in the area of monument preservation, especially state building supervision during
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2048-476: The bulk of the contributions. This program provides contributions to the restoration of cultural monuments located in rural monument reserves and in rural and landscape conservation zones (for example the folk architecture monuments). In 2018 individuals received the bulk of the contributions. This program provides contributions to the restoration of movable cultural monuments, in particular important works of fine art or handicrafts placed in buildings open to
2112-516: The city in 1867. The city has also lent its name to "Carlsbad plums", candied stuffed prune plums . The second important industry is the production of glass and porcelain. Karlovy Vary is known for the lead glass manufacturer Moser Glass founded in 1857, which is considered the most luxurious Czech brand. The Karlovy Vary agglomeration was defined as a tool for drawing money from the European Structural and Investment Funds . It
2176-470: The city proper, where a village used to be. From the end of the 15th century, after the village was depopulated, the church began to deteriorate and became a ruin. Carlsbad, New Mexico , United States (after which Carlsbad Caverns National Park is named), Carlsbad, California , USA Carlsbad Springs, Ontario , Canada, and Carlsbad, Texas , USA, take their names from Karlovy Vary's English name, Carlsbad. All of these places were so named because they were
2240-795: The city was annexed by Nazi Germany according to the terms of the Munich Agreement and administered as part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland . During World War II , the Germans established a Gestapo prison here. After the war, in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and Beneš decrees , most German inhabitants were expelled . After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, spas and tourism began to develop rapidly again. The spa buildings were reconstructed and
2304-625: The city. The Imperial funicular is the oldest tunnel funicular in Europe and the steepest in the Czech Republic, the Diana funicular was at the time of commissioning the longest funicular in Austria-Hungary . The city is accessible via the D6 motorway and inter-city public transport options include inter-city buses, České dráhy , and Deutsche Bahn via the Karlovy Vary–Johanngeorgenstadt railway . Karlovy Vary Airport
2368-554: The confluence of the Ohře (which flows across the city) with the Teplá and Rolava rivers. There are several small bodies of water in the northern half of the Karlovy Vary territory. The most notable is the natural reservoir Rolava, which is located right in the centre of the city. It is used for recreational purposes. Karlovy Vary's climate is classified as humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ; Trewartha : Dclo ). Among them,
2432-508: The confluence of the Ohře and Teplá rivers. Karlovy Vary is named after Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and the King of Bohemia , who founded the city in the 14th century. The site of numerous hot springs , the city grew into a spa resort in the 19th century and was a popular destination for the European aristocracy and other luminaries. Karlovy Vary's rapid growth was brought to an end by
2496-425: The cultural monument (for example, if the monument is one of its kind, or if the monument is in a state of disrepair not caused by its owner or if the monument is included in one of the specialized contribution programs offered by the Ministry of Culture). The grant recipients can be individuals, municipalities and legal entities established by them, churches, nonprofit organizations, legal entities, regions. Every year
2560-415: The curative effects of thermal springs. From the end of the 12th century to the early 13th century, German settlers from nearby German-speaking regions came as settlers, craftsmen and miners to develop the region's economy. Eventually, Karlovy Vary/Karlsbad became a town with a German-speaking population. In 1325, Obora, a village in today's city area, was mentioned. Karlovy Vary as a small spa settlement
2624-574: The decrees were intended to implement anti-liberal censorship within the German Confederation . Due to publications produced by physicians such as David Becher and Josef von Löschner , the city developed into a spa resort in the 19th century and was visited by many members of European aristocracy as well as celebrities from many fields of endeavour. It became even more popular after railway lines were completed from Prague to Cheb in 1870. The number of visitors rose from 134 families in
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2688-577: The design by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer and belongs to the most important buildings of the Czech Baroque . It is protected as a national cultural monument. Among the most famous buildings of the city is the Church of Saint Peter and Paul . It was built in the Byzantine style in 1893–1897. It is the largest Orthodox church west of Post-Soviet states . The Church of Saint Andrew was built in
2752-529: The existing cultural monuments of the Old Town Hall (NKP no. 122) and Kotnov Castle with the Bechyně Gate (NKP no. 123) were promoted to the national cultural monuments. Protection was repealed by Government Decree No. 262/1995 Coll . for these monuments: The Ministry of Culture is the central body of the state administration for cultural monuments. The National Heritage Institute ( Czech: NPÚ)
2816-425: The immovable monuments data on movable monuments are not publicly accessible due to theft and personal data protection. Areas with sets of immovable cultural monuments preserved in the original historical environment or sites with archaeological finds can be declared as conservation areas. These are mainly the historical town or village centers. The Government of the Czech Republic defines them by government decree. In
2880-454: The infiltration area is several hundred square kilometres, each spring has the same hydrological origins, and therefore shares the same dissolved minerals and chemical formula. The hottest of the springs can approach 74 °C, while the coldest have temperatures under 40 degrees. All of the springs combined provide roughly 2,000 litres of water every minute. Local buses (Dopravní podnik Karlovy Vary) and cable cars take passengers to most areas of
2944-552: The late Gothic style around 1500, reconstructed in the Empire style in 1840–1841. A cemetery was established next to the church for foreign guests of the spa who died in Karlovy Vary. In 1911, the cemetery was converted into a park, known as Mozart's Park, with many Neoclassical tombstones. Since 2005, it is owned by the Greek Catholic Church . The Church of Saint Anne was built in the Baroque style in 1738–1749 on
3008-488: The location for a number of film-shoots, including the 2006 films Last Holiday and Casino Royale , both of which used the city's Grandhotel Pupp in different guises. Moreover, the Palace Bristol Hotel in Karlovy Vary was used as a model for The Grand Budapest Hotel . Karlovy Vary is home to the top-tier ice hockey club HC Karlovy Vary , and the top-tier volleyball club VK Karlovarsko . The city
3072-445: The monument restoration ; they oversee the compliance with the law. Central List of Cultural Monuments of the Czech Republic contains both the immovable and movable objects. One index number identifies both a single item (for example a building, a painting) or a set of buildings or items (for example castle grounds, chateau furniture). Thus, the number of cultural monuments on the list (currently almost 89,000 entries) does not reflect
3136-419: The most ancient times to the present day, as a display of creative skills and work of humankind from the various fields of human activities, for their revolutionary, historic, artistic, scientific and technical values, [or] that have a direct relation to important personalities and historic events". Unless a national cultural monument is involved, the Ministry of Culture may, on extremely serious grounds, cancel
3200-491: The most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments ( Czech : národní kulturní památka ) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic . Government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment is determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. Ministry of Culture may proclaim
3264-653: The new state of Czechoslovakia in accordance with the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) . As a result, the German-speaking majority of Karlovy Vary protested. A demonstration on 4 March 1919 passed peacefully, but later that month, six demonstrators were killed by Czech troops after a demonstration became unruly. According to the 1930 census, the city was home to 23,901 inhabitants – 20,856 were ethnic Germans, 1,446 were Czechoslovaks (Czechs or Slovaks), 243 were Jews, 19 were Hungarias and 12 were Poles. In 1938,
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#17328016993113328-404: The outbreak of World War I . After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, Karlovy Vary once again became a major tourist destination. Karlovy Vary is the most visited spa town in the Czech Republic. It is the largest spa complex in Europe. In 2021, the city became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name " Great Spa Towns of Europe " because of its spas and architecture from
3392-493: The outskirts of Bochov. It was founded in the 14th century and most likely ruined in 1469. Only a moat and a rampart have survived from the castle to this day. In Javorná is the Javorná Castle and the Church of Saint John of Nepomuk. The Baroque castle was built in 1729–1730 on the site of a fortress from the 14th century. The church, located next to the castle, was originally a castle chapel. The Church of Saint Leonard
3456-453: The proclamation of an object as a cultural monument at the request of the owner or of an organization which demonstrates a legal interest in the cancelling of the cultural monument status or at its own initiative. Following the Velvet Revolution the national cultural monument designation was removed from the commemorative sites of the workers' movement, however some of these buildings are still protected as cultural monuments. The protection
3520-545: The public for cultural, educational or religious purposes (e.g. paintings and sculptures in churches). In 2018 the Church received the bulk of the contributions. It was founded in 2008 to allow funding where other programs of the Ministry of Culture do not apply. The funds in the Program are intended for the preservation and restoration of immovable cultural monuments that are located outside the historical reserves and zones, are not national cultural monuments and are not owned by
3584-504: The site of an old church. It is a pilgrimage church, in the construction of which K. I. Dientzenhofer took part. The Church of Saints Peter and Paul is a pseudo-Gothic church, built in 1854–1856 and rebuilt in 1893–1894. Since 1946, it is property of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church . The Church of Saint Luke is a Methodist pseudo-Gothic two-aisle church, built in 1876–1877 after the design of Oskar Mothes which
3648-466: The sites of mineral springs or natural sources of mineral water. Karlovy Vary is twinned with: Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic ( Czech : kulturní památka ) are protected properties (both real and movable properties ) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic . Cultural monuments that constitute
3712-465: The spa became competitive again within Europe. The spa became popular with Russian clientele, and brought many Russian investors and developers to the city and its surroundings. In 2017, non-Czech residents were around 7% of the population of the Karlovy Vary region. After Prague, this is the highest proportion in the Czech Republic. The largest group of foreigners were Vietnamese , followed by Germans , Ukrainians and Russians . The city's economy
3776-626: The spa cultural landscape have been protected as an urban monument reservation . As part of the Great Spa Towns of Europe , Karlovy Vary became a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its spas and architecture from the 18th through 20th centuries. Císařské lázně is the most important spa building, protected as a national cultural monument . It was built in the historicist style of the French Neo-Renaissance in 1893–1895. The largest colonnade with five mineral springs
3840-463: The town. The main landmark of Bochov is the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel. It was built in the late Gothic style in the 15th century and rebuilt ito its present early Baroque form in 1666–1667, after it was damages by a fire. In the 18th century, further modifications were made. The landmark of the town square is the Baroque town hall, which dates from 1818. In the middle of the town square
3904-530: The year ranged from −25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) on 21 December 1969 to 35.8 °C (96.4 °F) on 27 July 1983 and 20 August 2012. An ancient late Bronze Age fortified settlement was found in Drahovice. A Slavic settlement on the site of Karlovy Vary is documented by findings in Tašovice and Sedlec. People lived in close proximity to the site as far back as the 13th century and they must have been aware of
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#17328016993113968-513: Was also used for the All Saints' Church in Leipzig . It was built with the financial support of English spa guests. Today it no longer serves religious purposes and houses a wax museum. The Church of Saint Leonard of Noblac was the oldest ecclesiastical structure in the territory of Karlovy Vary. It was first documented in 1246. This late Romanesque structure is located in the woods south of
4032-594: Was canceled by the Government Decree No. 112/1991 Coll . for these monuments: In May 1991 the status was also removed from the Monument to Soviet Tank Crews in Prague. By the government decree No. 404/1992 Coll. cultural monument status was withdrawn from Tábor historical center at the request of the city authorities because the designation prevented the property restitution in the city. At same time
4096-569: Was founded most likely around 1349. According to legend, Charles IV organized an expedition into the forests surrounding modern-day Karlovy Vary during a stay in Loket . It is said that his party once discovered a hot spring by accident, and thanks to the water from the spring, Charles IV healed his injured leg. On the site of a spring, he established a spa mentioned as in dem warmen Bade bey dem Elbogen in German, or Horké Lázně u Lokte ( Hot Spas at
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