Buiksloot is a former village in the Dutch province of North Holland . It is now a neighbourhood of Amsterdam-Noord . Buiksloot was a separate municipality from 1811 until 1921, when it was merged with Amsterdam .
94-680: From 1888 to 1956, Buiksloot had a tram connection with Amsterdam-Noord and Waterland . The Waterland tram had a stop in Buiksloot, near today's Nieuwe Leeuwarderweg . Since 2018, Buiksloot has been cut in half by the Noord/Zuidlijn metro. The old village center lies along the Buiksloterdijk (a dyke ), more specifically at the Northern IJdijk , between Nieuwendam and Oostzaan . The Buiksloot church, built in 1609,
188-508: A ferry line to Amsterdam, Buiksloterveer . Since 1556, this line is owned by Amsterdam. In 1659, five cities ( Amsterdam , Hoorn , Edam , Monnickendam and Purmerend ) agreed to build a network of tow-canals ( Zesstedenweg ) with a regular trekschuit service. In Buiksloot there was a crossroad from the IJ to the tow-canal northwards, which uses the western ring canal from the reclaimed Buikslotermeer in 1627. This reclaimed land became part of
282-549: A pulpit or an ambo , or from behind a lectern . The word sermon comes from a Middle English word which was derived from Old French , which in turn originates from the Latin word sermō meaning 'discourse.' A sermonette is a short sermon (usually associated with television broadcasting, as stations would present a sermonette before signing off for the night). The Christian Bible contains many speeches without interlocution, which some take to be sermons: Jesus' Sermon on
376-414: A breach may experience flooding similar to a natural event, while damage near a breach can be catastrophic, including carving out deep holes and channels in the nearby landscape. Under natural conditions, floodwaters return quickly to the river channel as water-levels drop. During a levee breach, water pours out into the floodplain and moves down-slope where it is blocked from return to the river. Flooding
470-400: A controlled inundation by the military or a measure to prevent inundation of a larger area surrounded by levees. Levees have also been built as field boundaries and as military defences . More on this type of levee can be found in the article on dry-stone walls . Levees can be permanent earthworks or emergency constructions (often of sandbags ) built hastily in a flood emergency. Some of
564-564: A deeper faith , and to inspire them to practice works of love for the benefit of the neighbor, rather than carry on with potentially empty rituals. In the 18th and 19th centuries during the Great Awakening , major (evangelistic) sermons were made at revivals , which were especially popular in the United States. These sermons were noted for their " fire-and-brimstone " message, typified by Jonathan Edwards ' famous " Sinners in
658-612: A distance of some 610 km (380 mi). The scope and scale of the Mississippi levees has often been compared to the Great Wall of China . The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) recommends and supports cellular confinement technology (geocells) as a best management practice. Particular attention is given to the matter of surface erosion, overtopping prevention and protection of levee crest and downstream slope. Reinforcement with geocells provides tensile force to
752-422: A dyke may be a drainage ditch or a narrow artificial channel off a river or broad for access or mooring, some longer dykes being named, e.g., Candle Dyke. In parts of Britain , particularly Scotland and Northern England , a dyke may be a field wall, generally made with dry stone . The main purpose of artificial levees is to prevent flooding of the adjoining countryside and to slow natural course changes in
846-444: A high suspended sediment fraction and thus are intimately associated with meandering channels, which also are more likely to occur where a river carries large fractions of suspended sediment. For similar reasons, they are also common in tidal creeks, where tides bring in large amounts of coastal silts and muds. High spring tides will cause flooding, and result in the building up of levees. Both natural and man-made levees can fail in
940-524: A homily was read from a printed copy by a layman . In the 20th century the distinction has become one of the sermon being likely to be longer, have more structure, and contain more theological content. Homilies are usually considered to be a type of sermon, usually narrative or biographical ( see § Types below ). The word sermon is used contemporarily to describe many famous moments in Christian (and Jewish) history. The most famous example
1034-618: A major and profitable literary form, and category of books in the book trade, from at least the Late Antique Church to about the late 19th century. Many clergymen openly recycled large chunks of published sermons in their own preaching. Such sermons include John Wesley 's Forty-four Sermons , John Chrysostom 's Homily on the Resurrection (preached every Easter in Orthodox churches) and Gregory Nazianzus ' homily "On
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#17328022008401128-463: A message with the same precision as people using detailed notes or memorizing detailed aspects of their speech. While some might say this style is distinct from impromptu preaching, and that the preacher gives no specific preparation to their message, what Charles Spurgeon referred to as "impromptu preaching" he considered to be the same as extemporaneous preaching. He, in his sermon "The Faculty of Impromptu Speech", describes extemporaneous preaching as
1222-400: A natural wedge shaped delta forming, a " birds-foot delta " extends far out into the ocean. The results for surrounding land include beach depletion, subsidence, salt-water intrusion, and land loss. Sermon A sermon is a religious discourse or oration by a preacher , usually a member of clergy . Sermons address a scriptural , theological , or moral topic, usually expounding on
1316-428: A number of ways. Factors that cause levee failure include overtopping, erosion, structural failures, and levee saturation. The most frequent (and dangerous) is a levee breach . Here, a part of the levee actually breaks or is eroded away, leaving a large opening for water to flood land otherwise protected by the levee. A breach can be a sudden or gradual failure, caused either by surface erosion or by subsurface weakness in
1410-544: A powerpoint, images and videos. In some churches, messages are grouped into thematic series. The one who brings the message is usually a pastor trained either in a bible college or independently. Evangelical sermons are broadcast on the radio, on television channels ( televangelism ), on the Internet, on web portals , on the website of the churches and through social media like YouTube and Facebook . Roman Catholic preaching has evolved over time but generally
1504-569: A priest, or on rare occasions a deacon, preaches standing and wearing his biretta . In most denominations, modern preaching is kept below forty minutes, but historic preachers of all denominations could at times speak for several hours, and use techniques of rhetoric and theatre that are today somewhat out of fashion in mainline churches. During the Middle Ages, sermons inspired the beginnings of new religious institutes (e.g., Saint Dominic and Francis of Assisi ). Pope Urban II began
1598-612: A process of the preacher immersing himself in the Scriptures and prayer, knowing it so well that he only needs to find the appropriate words in the moment that the sermon is given. He states, Only thoughtless persons think this to be easy; it is at once the most laborious and the most efficient mode of preaching[.] Henry Ware Jr. states, The first thing to be observed is, that the student who would acquire facility in this art, should bear it constantly in mind, and have regard to it in all his studies and in his whole mode of study. On
1692-799: A property-boundary marker or drainage channel. Where it carries a stream, it may be called a running dike as in Rippingale Running Dike , which leads water from the catchwater drain , Car Dyke, to the South Forty Foot Drain in Lincolnshire (TF1427). The Weir Dike is a soak dike in Bourne North Fen , near Twenty and alongside the River Glen , Lincolnshire . In the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads ,
1786-433: A regular beat; finally, he reaches an emotional peak in which the chanted speech becomes tonal and merges with the singing, clapping, and shouting of the congregation. Impromptu preaching is a sermon technique where the preacher exhorts the congregation without any previous preparation. It can be aided with a reading of a Bible passage, aleatory opened or not, or even without any scriptural reference. The Bible says that
1880-525: A ridge and increasing the river channel's capacity. Alternatively, levees can be artificially constructed from fill , designed to regulate water levels. In some circumstances, artificial levees can be environmentally damaging . Ancient civilizations in the Indus Valley , ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and China all built levees. Today, levees can be found around the world, and failures of levees due to erosion or other causes can be major disasters, such as
1974-412: A shorter route to the ocean and begin building a new delta. Wave action and ocean currents redistribute some of the sediment to build beaches along the coast. When levees are constructed all the way to the ocean, sediments from flooding events are cut off, the river never migrates, and elevated river velocity delivers sediment to deep water where wave action and ocean currents cannot redistribute. Instead of
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#17328022008402068-421: A shorter time interval means higher river stage (height). As more levees are built upstream, the recurrence interval for high-water events in the river increases, often requiring increases in levee height. During natural flooding, water spilling over banks rises slowly. When a levee fails, a wall of water held back by the levee suddenly pours out over the landscape, much like a dam break. Impacted areas far from
2162-472: A type of belief, law, or behavior within both past and present contexts. Elements of the sermon often include exposition , exhortation , and practical application. The act of delivering a sermon is called preaching. In secular usage, the word sermon may refer, often disparagingly, to a lecture on morals . In Christian practice, a sermon is usually preached to a congregation in a place of worship, either from an elevated architectural feature, known as
2256-447: A waterway to provide reliable shipping lanes for maritime commerce over time; they also confine the flow of the river, resulting in higher and faster water flow. Levees can be mainly found along the sea, where dunes are not strong enough, along rivers for protection against high floods, along lakes or along polders . Furthermore, levees have been built for the purpose of impoldering, or as a boundary for an inundation area. The latter can be
2350-537: Is electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). This non-destructive geophysical method can detect in advance critical saturation areas in embankments. ERT can thus be used in monitoring of seepage phenomena in earth structures and act as an early warning system, e.g., in critical parts of levees or embankments. Large scale structures designed to modify natural processes inevitably have some drawbacks or negative impacts. Levees interrupt floodplain ecosystems that developed under conditions of seasonal flooding. In many cases,
2444-462: Is a style of preaching involving extensive preparation of all the sermon except for the precise wording. The topic, basic structure and scripture to be used are all determined in advance, and the preachers saturate themselves in the details necessary to present their message so thoroughly that they are able to present the message with neither detailed notes nor perhaps even an outline. Consequently, unprepared preachers may find themselves unable to deliver
2538-429: Is an elevated ridge , natural or artificial, alongside the banks of a river , often intended to protect against flooding of the area adjoining the river. It is usually earthen and often runs parallel to the course of a river in its floodplain or along low-lying coastlines. Naturally occuring levees form on river floodplains following flooding, where sediment and alluvium is deposited and settles, forming
2632-546: Is below mean sea level. These typically man-made hydraulic structures are situated to protect against erosion. They are typically placed in alluvial rivers perpendicular, or at an angle, to the bank of the channel or the revetment , and are used widely along coastlines. There are two common types of spur dyke, permeable and impermeable, depending on the materials used to construct them. Natural levees commonly form around lowland rivers and creeks without human intervention. They are elongated ridges of mud and/or silt that form on
2726-420: Is important in order to design stable levee and floodwalls . There have been numerous studies to investigate the erodibility of soils. Briaud et al. (2008) used Erosion Function Apparatus (EFA) test to measure the erodibility of the soils and afterwards by using Chen 3D software, numerical simulations were performed on the levee to find out the velocity vectors in the overtopping water and the generated scour when
2820-553: Is located behind the dyke. To the west of the village, behind the dyke is the Buiksloterbreek , formed after a dyke breach . A part of the present Nieuwendammerdijk (part of Nieuwendam) belonged to Buiksloot. A part of this has been called Leeuwarderweg since 1935. The Buiksloterdijk is intersected by the Nieuwe Leeuwarderweg (a road), which opened in 1968. Buiksloot is a (former) polder . The village
2914-451: Is permanently diverted through the gap. Sometimes levees are said to fail when water overtops the crest of the levee. This will cause flooding on the floodplains, but because it does not damage the levee, it has fewer consequences for future flooding. Among various failure mechanisms that cause levee breaches, soil erosion is found to be one of the most important factors. Predicting soil erosion and scour generation when overtopping happens
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3008-573: Is prolonged over such areas, waiting for floodwater to slowly infiltrate and evaporate. Natural flooding adds a layer of sediment to the floodplain. The added weight of such layers over many centuries makes the crust sink deeper into the mantle , much like a floating block of wood is pushed deeper into the water if another board is added on top. The momentum of downward movement does not immediately stop when new sediment layers stop being added, resulting in subsidence (sinking of land surface). In coastal areas, this results in land dipping below sea level,
3102-696: Is the Sermon on the Mount by Jesus of Nazareth . This address was given around 30 AD, and is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew ( 5:1–7:29 , including introductory and concluding material) as being delivered on a mount on the north end of the Sea of Galilee , near Capernaum . It is also contained in some of the other gospel narratives. During the later history of Christianity , several figures became known for their addresses that later became regarded as sermons. Examples in
3196-426: Is typically identified as an address or discourse delivered to a congregation of Christians, typically containing theological or moral instruction. The sermon by Christian orators was partly based on the tradition of public lectures by classical orators. Although it is often called a homily , the original distinction between a sermon and a homily was that a sermon was delivered by a clergyman (licensed preacher) while
3290-769: The First Crusade in November 1095 at the Council of Clermont , France, when he exhorted French knights to retake the Holy Land . The academic study of sermons, the analysis and classification of their preparation, composition and delivery, is called homiletics . A controversial issue that aroused strong feelings in early modern Britain was whether sermons should be read from a fully prepared text, or extemporized, perhaps from some notes. Many sermons have been written down, collected and published; published sermons were
3384-782: The Methodist local preachers , but in general preaching has usually been a function of the clergy . The Dominican Order is officially known as the Order of Preachers ( Ordo Praedicatorum in Latin ); friars of this order were trained to publicly preach in vernacular languages, and the order was created by Saint Dominic to preach to the Cathars of southern France in the early 13th century. The Franciscans are another important preaching order; Travelling preachers, usually friars, were an important feature of late medieval Catholicism. In 1448
3478-525: The Nile Delta on the shores of the Mediterranean . The Mesopotamian civilizations and ancient China also built large levee systems. Because a levee is only as strong as its weakest point, the height and standards of construction have to be consistent along its length. Some authorities have argued that this requires a strong governing authority to guide the work and may have been a catalyst for
3572-647: The Noordhollandsch Kanaal in 1824. Throughout the 16th century, Buiksloot experienced multiple floods, including the All Saints' Flood of 1570. Because of these floods, certain parts of the village were lost in the waves. At the start of the Eighty Years' War /Dutch Revolt (1568-1648) hagepreken ( sermons ) were held in Buiksloot, among other places. As early as 1572, Waterland assumed a pro-prince stance , while Amsterdam remained loyal to
3666-473: The 90s, Banne-Oost (eastern part) was added. In Buikslotermeer , from the 1960s onwards, many new houses and a mall were built. Old village buildings of Buiksloot on the dyke of the Buikslotermeer , alongside the ring canal, were demolished for this purpose. Also in the western part of the village, between the Buiksloot church and the Buiksloterbreek , many old dyke structures disappeared. Part of
3760-528: The Buiksloot dyke was also excavated for the construction of the Nieuwe Purmerweg (a road), which never saw the light of day. Eventually, only the middle part of the village along the Buiksloterdijk was spared. Buiksloot, along with the garden villages dating from the 1920s, has been part of the Rijksbeschermd gezicht Amsterdam-Noord (state protected) since 2014. Near Buiksloot, close to
3854-526: The Gentiles. 19: But when they deliver you up, take no thought how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak. 20: For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father which speaketh in you. According to some people, when Jesus says "take no thought how or what ye shall speak" he is saying that it is better not to script your speeches or sermons, but to let
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3948-452: The Hands of an Angry God " speech. In these sermons the wrath of God was intended to be made evident. Edwards also preached on Religious Affections , which discussed the divided Christian world. In Evangelical Christianity , the sermon is often called the "message". It occupies an important place in worship service , half the time, about 45 to 60 minutes. This message can be supported by
4042-480: The Holy Spirit gives disciples the inspiration to speak: Matthew 10:16-20 16: Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves. 17: But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues; 18: And ye shall be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them and
4136-485: The Holy Spirit of your Father speak through you. Others see the expression as simply a comforting exhortation not to worry or be anxious, but to rest confident that God is in control (cf. Phil. 2:12-13). In other places the apostle Paul emphatically underscored the importance of diligent work in study and preparation (I Tim. 4:13-16; II Tim. 2:15). Today impromptu preaching is practiced by unprogrammed Quakers , Mennonites and some Pentecostals . Extemporaneous preaching
4230-638: The Mississippi, stretching from Cape Girardeau , Missouri , to the Mississippi delta . They were begun by French settlers in Louisiana in the 18th century to protect the city of New Orleans . The first Louisiana levees were about 90 cm (3 ft) high and covered a distance of about 80 km (50 mi) along the riverside. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in conjunction with the Mississippi River Commission, extended
4324-511: The Mount in Matthew 5–7 (though the gospel writers do not specifically call it a sermon; the popular descriptor for Jesus' speech there came much later); and Peter after Pentecost in Acts 2:14–40 (though this speech was delivered to non-Christians and as such is not quite parallel to the popular definition of a sermon). In Islam , sermons are known as khutbah . In Christianity, a sermon
4418-736: The Noordhollandsch Kanaal, lies the chalk mill D'Admiraal (The Admiral). This mill is the last of its kind. 52°24′N 4°55′E / 52.400°N 4.917°E / 52.400; 4.917 This North Holland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Content in this edit is translated from the existing Dutch Misplaced Pages article at nl:Buiksloot ; see its history for attribution. Dyke (embankment) A levee ( / ˈ l ɛ v i / or / ˈ l ɛ v eɪ / ), dike ( American English ), dyke ( British English ; see spelling differences ), embankment , floodbank , or stop bank
4512-552: The Spanish king until 1578. Several battles between the Geuzen (Beggars) and Alva's army take place around the vicinity. Trade begins to flourish after 1585, and Buiksloot benefited greatly from this. The village belonged to the settlement of Schellingwoude until 1811, after which it became a separate municipality. As Buiksloot was already strongly connected with Amsterdam (see Accessibility of Amsterdam ), they requested to join
4606-763: The Theophany, or Birthday of Christ" (preached every Christmas in Orthodox churches). The 80 sermons in German of the Dominican Johannes Tauler (1300–1361) were read for centuries after his death. Martin Luther published his sermons ( Hauspostille ) on the Sunday lessons for the edification of readers. This tradition was continued by Martin Chemnitz and Johann Arndt , as well as many others into
4700-409: The advent of reception theory , researchers also became aware that how sermons are listened to affects their meaning as much as how they are delivered. The expectations of the congregation, their prior experience of listening to oral texts, their level of scriptural education, and the relative social positions—often reflected in the physical arrangement—of sermon-goers vis-a-vis the preacher are part of
4794-657: The catastrophic 2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans that occurred as a result of Hurricane Katrina . Speakers of American English use the word levee , from the French word levée (from the feminine past participle of the French verb lever , 'to raise'). It originated in New Orleans a few years after the city's founding in 1718 and was later adopted by English speakers. The name derives from
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#17328022008404888-569: The church authorities seated at Angers prohibited open-air preaching in France. If a sermon is delivered during the Mass it comes after the Gospel is sung or read. If it is delivered by the priest or bishop that offers the Mass then he removes his maniple , and in some cases his chasuble , because the sermon is not part of the Mass. A bishop preaches his sermon wearing his mitre while seated whereas
4982-637: The city of Vancouver , British Columbia , there are levees (known locally as dikes, and also referred to as "the sea wall") to protect low-lying land in the Fraser River delta, particularly the city of Richmond on Lulu Island . There are also dikes to protect other locations which have flooded in the past, such as the Pitt Polder, land adjacent to the Pitt River , and other tributary rivers. Coastal flood prevention levees are also common along
5076-411: The city to benefit from the superior facilities in 1913. It took eight years to officialise the merger between Buiksloot and Amsterdam. The municipality was severely impoverished after the flood of 1916 , when a large area north of Amsterdam flooded. On the first of January 1921, Buiksloot merged into the municipality of Amsterdam along with Nieuwendam, Ransdorp , Sloten and Watergraafsmeer . After
5170-488: The development of systems of governance in early civilizations. However, others point to evidence of large-scale water-control earthen works such as canals and/or levees dating from before King Scorpion in Predynastic Egypt , during which governance was far less centralized. Another example of a historical levee that protected the growing city-state of Mēxihco-Tenōchtitlan and the neighboring city of Tlatelōlco,
5264-588: The earliest levees were constructed by the Indus Valley civilization (in Pakistan and North India from c. 2600 BCE ) on which the agrarian life of the Harappan peoples depended. Levees were also constructed over 3,000 years ago in ancient Egypt , where a system of levees was built along the left bank of the River Nile for more than 1,000 kilometers (600 miles), stretching from modern Aswan to
5358-532: The early church include Peter (see especially Acts 2:14b–36 ), Stephen (see Acts 7:1b–53 ), Tertullian and John Chrysostom . These addresses were used to spread Christianity across Europe and Asia Minor , and as such are not sermons in the modern sense, but evangelistic messages. The sermon has been an important part of Christian services since early Christianity , and remains prominent in both Roman Catholicism and Protestantism . Lay preachers sometimes figure in these traditions of worship, for example
5452-479: The earth together. On the land side of high levees, a low terrace of earth known as a banquette is usually added as another anti-erosion measure. On the river side, erosion from strong waves or currents presents an even greater threat to the integrity of the levee. The effects of erosion are countered by planting suitable vegetation or installing stones, boulders, weighted matting, or concrete revetments . Separate ditches or drainage tiles are constructed to ensure that
5546-622: The following centuries—for example CH Spurgeon 's stenographed sermons, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit . The widow of Archbishop of Canterbury John Tillotson (1630–1694) received £2,500 for the manuscripts of his sermons, a very large sum. The Reformation led to Protestant sermons, many of which defended the schism with the Roman Catholic Church and explained beliefs about the Bible, theology, and devotion. The distinctive doctrines of Protestantism held that salvation
5640-938: The foundation does not become waterlogged. Prominent levee systems have been built along the Mississippi River and Sacramento River in the United States , and the Po , Rhine , Meuse River , Rhône , Loire , Vistula , the delta formed by the Rhine, Maas/Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands and the Danube in Europe . During the Chinese Warring States period , the Dujiangyan irrigation system
5734-450: The impact is two-fold, as reduced recurrence of flooding also facilitates land-use change from forested floodplain to farms. In a natural watershed, floodwaters spread over a landscape and slowly return to the river. Downstream, the delivery of water from the area of flooding is spread out in time. If levees keep the floodwaters inside a narrow channel, the water is delivered downstream over a shorter time period. The same volume of water over
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#17328022008405828-462: The inland coastline behind the Wadden Sea , an area devastated by many historic floods. Thus the peoples and governments have erected increasingly large and complex flood protection levee systems to stop the sea even during storm floods. The biggest of these are the huge levees in the Netherlands , which have gone beyond just defending against floods, as they have aggressively taken back land that
5922-549: The laboratory tests, empirical correlations related to average overtopping discharge were derived to analyze the resistance of levee against erosion. These equations could only fit to the situation, similar to the experimental tests, while they can give a reasonable estimation if applied to other conditions. Osouli et al. (2014) and Karimpour et al. (2015) conducted lab scale physical modeling of levees to evaluate score characterization of different levees due to floodwall overtopping. Another approach applied to prevent levee failures
6016-528: The levee system beginning in 1882 to cover the riverbanks from Cairo, Illinois to the mouth of the Mississippi delta in Louisiana. By the mid-1980s, they had reached their present extent and averaged 7.3 m (24 ft) in height; some Mississippi levees are as high as 15 m (50 ft). The Mississippi levees also include some of the longest continuous individual levees in the world. One such levee extends southwards from Pine Bluff , Arkansas , for
6110-420: The levee. A breach can leave a fan-shaped deposit of sediment radiating away from the breach, described as a crevasse splay . In natural levees, once a breach has occurred, the gap in the levee will remain until it is again filled in by levee building processes. This increases the chances of future breaches occurring in the same location. Breaches can be the location of meander cutoffs if the river flow direction
6204-475: The levees in the area, created for the purpose of farming the fertile tidal marshlands. These levees are referred to as dykes. They are constructed with hinged sluice gates that open on the falling tide to drain freshwater from the agricultural marshlands and close on the rising tide to prevent seawater from entering behind the dyke. These sluice gates are called " aboiteaux ". In the Lower Mainland around
6298-543: The main channel, this will make levee overtopping more likely again, and the levees can continue to build up. In some cases, this can result in the channel bed eventually rising above the surrounding floodplains, penned in only by the levees around it; an example is the Yellow River in China near the sea, where oceangoing ships appear to sail high above the plain on the elevated river. Levees are common in any river with
6392-445: The majority of The Lake being drained in the 17th century. Levees are usually built by piling earth on a cleared, level surface. Broad at the base, they taper to a level top, where temporary embankments or sandbags can be placed. Because flood discharge intensity increases in levees on both river banks , and because silt deposits raise the level of riverbeds , planning and auxiliary measures are vital. Sections are often set back from
6486-489: The manner, frequency, licensing, personnel and content of preaching accordingly. There are a number of different types of sermons, that differ both in their subject matter and by their intended audience, and accordingly not every preacher is equally well-versed in every type. Some types of sermon include: Sermons can be both written and spoken out loud. Sermons also differ in the amount of time and effort used to prepare them. Some are scripted while others are not. With
6580-464: The meaning of the sermon. Albert Raboteau describes a common style of Black preaching first developed in America in the early 19th century, and common throughout the 20th and into the 21st centuries: The preacher begins calmly, speaking in conversational, if oratorical and occasionally grandiloquent, prose; he then gradually begins to speak more rapidly, excitedly, and to chant his words and time to
6674-550: The merger, the village underwent some major expansions north of the Buiksloterdijk and west of the Noordhollandsch Kanaal with garden village Buiksloterham . This garden village was one of the new garden villages in Amsterdam-Noord . East of the canal, you'll find garden village Buiksloot. In the 1960s-70s, a new district called Banne Buiksloot was built north of the village. It consists of two parts, Banne-Noord (northern part) and Banne-Zuid (southern part). During
6768-817: The most famous Catholic sermons are St. Francis of Assisi 's Sermon to the Birds, St. Alphonsus Liguori 's Italian Sermons for all the Sundays in the year , St. Robert Bellarmine 's sermons during the counter-reformation period in Sermons from the Latins , the French The Sermons of the Curé of Ars by St. John Vianney and the Old English sermons of Ælfric of Eynsham . Khutbah ( Arabic : خطبة ) serves as
6862-585: The new linear village Nieuwendam. In 1532, Charles V founded the Hoogheemraadschap (High Water Authority) Waterland for water management north of Buiksloot, from Monnickendam to Purmerend . This merged into the Hoogheemraadschap Noordhollands Noorderkwartier in 1919. From then on, the settlement Buiksloot fell under the jurisdiction of the bailiwick Waterland. From the 17th century onwards,
6956-399: The ocean migrating inland, and salt-water intruding into freshwater aquifers. Where a large river spills out into the ocean, the velocity of the water suddenly slows and its ability to transport sand and silt decreases. Sediments begin to settle out, eventually forming a delta and extending to the coastline seaward. During subsequent flood events, water spilling out of the channel will find
7050-557: The other hand, it is distinct from many other forms of memorized preaching. Proponents claim that the importance of preaching demands it be extemporaneous. A reflecting mind will feel as if it were infinitely out of place to present in the pulpit to immortal souls, hanging upon the verge of everlasting death, such specimens of learning and rhetoric. The style was popular in the late 19th century among Baptist ( Primitive Baptist especially), Methodist , Unitarian , and some Presbyterians preachers, such as Blackleach Burritt . Some of
7144-484: The overtopping water impinges the levee. By analyzing the results from EFA test, an erosion chart to categorize erodibility of the soils was developed. Hughes and Nadal in 2009 studied the effect of combination of wave overtopping and storm surge overflow on the erosion and scour generation in levees. The study included hydraulic parameters and flow characteristics such as flow thickness, wave intervals, surge level above levee crown in analyzing scour development. According to
7238-524: The population of Buiksloot exceeded that of the Schellingwoude settlement, of which it was part until the French era. Between the 17th and 19th century, Buiksloot had between 500 and 800 inhabitants. North of Buiksloterdijk was the Buiksloot polder and north of it the Zuiderpolder (South polder), which extended into the neighbouring municipality of Landsmeer , until the municipal boundary
7332-456: The primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition. In societies or communities with (for example) low literacy rates, strong habits of communal worship, and/or limited mass-media , the preaching of sermons throughout networks of congregations can have important informative and prescriptive propaganda functions for both civil and religious authorities—which may regulate
7426-454: The rebellious Batavi pierced dikes to flood their land and to protect their retreat (70 CE ). The word dijk originally indicated both the trench and the bank . It closely parallels the English verb to dig . In Anglo-Saxon , the word dic already existed and was pronounced as dick in northern England and as ditch in the south. Similar to Dutch, the English origins of
7520-413: The river floodplains immediately adjacent to the cut banks. Like artificial levees, they act to reduce the likelihood of floodplain inundation. Deposition of levees is a natural consequence of the flooding of meandering rivers which carry high proportions of suspended sediment in the form of fine sands, silts, and muds. Because the carrying capacity of a river depends in part on its depth, the sediment in
7614-440: The river to form a wider channel, and flood valley basins are divided by multiple levees to prevent a single breach from flooding a large area. A levee made from stones laid in horizontal rows with a bed of thin turf between each of them is known as a spetchel . Artificial levees require substantial engineering. Their surface must be protected from erosion, so they are planted with vegetation such as Bermuda grass in order to bind
7708-575: The riverbed, even up to a point where the riverbed is higher than the adjacent ground surface behind the levees, are found for the Yellow River in China and the Mississippi in the United States. Levees are very common on the marshlands bordering the Bay of Fundy in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia , Canada . The Acadians who settled the area can be credited with the original construction of many of
7802-404: The soil to better resist instability. Artificial levees can lead to an elevation of the natural riverbed over time; whether this happens or not and how fast, depends on different factors, one of them being the amount and type of the bed load of a river. Alluvial rivers with intense accumulations of sediment tend to this behavior. Examples of rivers where artificial levees led to an elevation of
7896-457: The subject matter is similar. As the famous St. Alphonsus Ligouri states, "With regard to the subject matter of sermons. Those subjects should be selected which move most powerfully to detest sin and to love God; whence the preacher should often speak of the last things of death, of judgment, of Hell, of Heaven, and of eternity. According to the advice of the Holy Spirit, 'Remember your last end, and you shall never sin.' (Eccl. vii. 40)." Among
7990-492: The trait of the levee's ridges being raised higher than both the channel and the surrounding floodplains. The modern word dike or dyke most likely derives from the Dutch word dijk , with the construction of dikes well attested as early as the 11th century. The 126-kilometer-long (78 mi) Westfriese Omringdijk , completed by 1250, was formed by connecting existing older dikes. The Roman chronicler Tacitus mentions that
8084-530: The use of the lectionary for selecting texts for preaching, the Swiss Reformers, such as Ulrich Zwingli , Johannes Oecolampadius , and John Calvin , notably returned to the patristic model of preaching through books of the Bible. The goal of Protestant worship, as conditioned by these reforms, was above all to offer glory to God for the gift of grace in Jesus Christ, to rouse the congregation to
8178-494: The water which is over the flooded banks of the channel is no longer capable of keeping the same number of fine sediments in suspension as the main thalweg . The extra fine sediments thus settle out quickly on the parts of the floodplain nearest to the channel. Over a significant number of floods, this will eventually result in the building up of ridges in these positions and reducing the likelihood of further floods and episodes of levee building. If aggradation continues to occur in
8272-482: The word lie in digging a trench and forming the upcast soil into a bank alongside it. This practice has meant that the name may be given to either the excavation or to the bank. Thus Offa's Dyke is a combined structure and Car Dyke is a trench – though it once had raised banks as well. In the English Midlands and East Anglia , and in the United States, a dike is what a ditch is in the south of England,
8366-642: Was built by the Qin as a water conservation and flood control project. The system's infrastructure is located on the Min River , which is the longest tributary of the Yangtze River , in Sichuan , China . The Mississippi levee system represents one of the largest such systems found anywhere in the world. It comprises over 5,600 km (3,500 mi) of levees extending some 1,000 km (620 mi) along
8460-584: Was by faith alone , and convincing people to believe the Gospel and place trust in God for their salvation through Jesus Christ was the decisive step in salvation. In many Protestant churches, the sermon came to replace the Eucharist as the central act of Christian worship (although some Protestants such as Lutherans give equal time to a sermon and the Eucharist in their Divine Service ). While Luther retained
8554-542: Was changed in 1966. To the northeast was the partly Buiksloot-owned Buikslotermeer, a polder from 1627. Created in 1851 south of Buiksloot, the Buiksloterham polder initially belonged to Buiksloot, but since 1877 it belongs to the municipality of Amsterdam. Buiksloot has been bisected by the Noordhollands Kanaal since 1824, with a movable bridge at Buiksloterdijk level. The settlement of Buiksloot
8648-488: Was constructed during the early 1400s, under the supervision of the tlahtoani of the altepetl Texcoco, Nezahualcoyotl. Its function was to separate the brackish waters of Lake Texcoco (ideal for the agricultural technique Chināmitls ) from the fresh potable water supplied to the settlements. However, after the Europeans destroyed Tenochtitlan, the levee was also destroyed and flooding became a major problem, which resulted in
8742-482: Was formed along the Waterland Sea Dyke, erected from the 13th onwards. Buiksloot was first named in 1275, later becoming a linear village . Due to a dyke breach in 1514 south of the (not yet reclaimed ) Buikslotermeer , a large amount of the original buildings were washed away and contact between the settlements of Buiksloot and Schellingwoude was broken off. Here, the settlement of Zunderdorp founded
8836-529: Was traditionally one of the six settlements into which the Waterland bailiwick was divided. This designated a particular area where a bailiff could exercise his authority and administer justice. This term survived the Batavian Revolution , but it only kept its meaning in the polder. It was not until 1936 that the Waterland settlements were disbanded. From as early as the 14th century there was
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