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27-507: The Bôcher Memorial Prize was founded by the American Mathematical Society in 1923 in memory of Maxime Bôcher with an initial endowment of $ 1,450 (contributed by members of that society). It is awarded every three years (formerly every five years) for a notable research work in analysis that has appeared during the past six years. The work must be published in a recognized, peer-reviewed venue. The current award

54-642: A $ 95,000 grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) included a seminar course followed by a two-month apprenticeship working with a scientist engaged in science policy work. In 1973 was elected as an AMS Member at Large. She held this position until 1975. On July 30, 2017, when Gray received (from the American Statistical Association) the Karl E. Peace Award for Outstanding Statistical Contributions for

81-530: A caucus was first made publicly at a MAG [Mathematics Action Group] meeting in 1971 ... in Atlantic City . Joanne Darken, then an instructor at Temple University and now at the Community College of Philadelphia , stood up at the meeting and suggested that the women present remain and form a caucus. I have been able to document six women who remained: me (I was a graduate student at Maryland at

108-794: A southeastern sectional meeting of the Mathematical Association of America in Nashville . The citation delivered at the 2007 MAA awards presentation, where Lee Lorch received a standing ovation, recorded that: Also in 1951, the American Mathematical Society's headquarters moved from New York City to Providence, Rhode Island . The society later added an office in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1965 and an office in Washington, D.C. in 1992. In 1954

135-773: A statistician and a lawyer, has made important contributions in the application of statistics in human rights, economic equality, legal issues, and education. She is the founder and first president of the Association for Women in Mathematics and chair of the American Middle East Education and Training Services. Dr. Gray is a fellow of the American Statistical Association and the American Association for

162-487: Is $ 5,000. There have been forty-one prize recipients. The first woman to win the award, Laure Saint-Raymond , did so in 2020. About eighty percent of the journal articles recognized since 2000 have been from Annals of Mathematics , the Journal of the American Mathematical Society , Inventiones Mathematicae , and Acta Mathematica . American Mathematical Society The American Mathematical Society ( AMS )

189-607: Is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs. The society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences . The AMS

216-870: The University of Kansas . She also completed her J.D. from Washington College of Law . She is a member of the District of Columbia and U.S. Supreme Court bars. Gray was one of the founding members of the Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) and the first President of the AWM from 1971 to 1973. As reported in A Brief History of the Association for Women in Mathematics: The Presidents' Perspectives , by Lenore Blum , "As Judy Green remembers (and Chandler Davis , early AWM friend, concurs): 'The formal idea of women getting together and forming

243-585: The University of Nebraska , Mount Holyoke College, and Hastings College. She is a fellow of the American Mathematical Society , The American Statistical Association , the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and the Association for Women in Science . In 2017, Gray was selected as a fellow of the Association for Women in Mathematics in the inaugural class. In 2021, she

270-633: The AMS acquired Chelsea Publishing Company , which it uses as an imprint. In 2017, the AMS acquired MAA Press, the book publishing program of the Mathematical Association of America . The AMS has continued to publish books under the MAA Press imprint. Journals: Proceedings and Collections: Some prizes are awarded jointly with other mathematical organizations. See specific articles for details. The AMS creates outreach materials aimed at middle school, high school, and college students. These include: The AMS

297-527: The AMS was governed by what could only be called an "old boys network," closed to all but those in the inner circle. Mary challenged that by sitting in on the Council meeting in Atlantic City. When she was told she had to leave, she refused saying she would wait until the police came. (Mary relates the story somewhat differently: When she was told she had to leave, she responded she could find no rules in

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324-749: The Advancement of Science, and is the recipient of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Engineering and Mathematics Mentoring. She is the author of two books and over eighty articles and has lectured throughout the United States, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East, on these important topics." Gray has received the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Mentoring from President George W. Bush . She has also received honorary degrees from

351-580: The Betterment of Society (Paul S. Albert, chair), this was the written citation: "For the innovative use of statistics for fighting discrimination through the promotion of equality and human rights; for legal advocacy in court cases; and for leadership in multiple societies, including as first president of the Association for Women in Mathematics and chair of the American Middle East Educational and Training Services." And, this

378-874: The by-laws restricting attendance at Council meetings. She was then told it was by "gentlemen's agreement." Naturally Mary replied "Well, obviously I'm no gentleman.") After that time, Council meetings were open to observers and the process of democratization of the Society had begun." A Brief History of the Association for Women in Mathematics: The Presidents' Perspectives dedicates a chapter to Mary W. Gray titled "Mary Gray (1971-1973): The mother of us all". She worked closely with her AU colleague, chemist Nina Roscher , to improve resources for women and minorities in mathematics and science and prevent them from dropping classes. They created an apprenticeship program to help show first year female students an interdisciplinary, people-oriented perspective of scientists. The program, funded by

405-486: The first woman to join the AMS, then called the New York Mathematical Society. The society reorganized under its present name (American Mathematical Society) and became a national society in 1894, and that year Scott became the first woman on the first Council of the society. In 1927 Anna Pell-Wheeler became the first woman to present a lecture at the society's Colloquium. In 1951 there was

432-478: The four regional sections of the AMS (Central, Eastern, Southeastern, and Western) holds meetings in the spring and fall of each year. The society also co-sponsors meetings with other international mathematical societies. The AMS selects an annual class of Fellows who have made outstanding contributions to the advancement of mathematics. The AMS publishes Mathematical Reviews , a database of reviews of mathematical publications, various journals, and books. In 1997

459-408: The inner circle." Mary W. Gray challenged that situation by "sitting in on the Council meeting in Atlantic City. When she was told she had to leave, she refused saying she would wait until the police came. (Mary relates the story somewhat differently: When she was told she had to leave, she responded she could find no rules in the by-laws restricting attendance at Council meetings. She was then told it

486-402: The society called for the creation of a new teaching degree, a Doctor of Arts in Mathematics, similar to a PhD but without a research thesis. In the 1970s, as reported in "A Brief History of the Association for Women in Mathematics : The Presidents' Perspectives" by Lenore Blum , "In those years the AMS was governed by what could only be called an 'old boys network,' closed to all but those in

513-561: The strategic direction of the board of trustees. This article incorporates material from American Mathematical Society on PlanetMath , which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License . 41°50′14″N 71°24′44″W  /  41.8372°N 71.4123°W  / 41.8372; -71.4123 Mary W. Gray Gray completed her undergraduate degree from Hastings College and her Ph.D. in mathematics from

540-437: The time), Joanne Darken, Mary [W.] Gray (she was already at American University), Diane Laison (then an instructor at Temple), Gloria Olive (a Senior Lecturer at the University of Otago , New Zealand , who was visiting the U.S. at the time) and Annie Selden...It's not absolutely clear what happened next, except that I've personally always thought that Mary was responsible for getting the whole thing organized ....'". Mary W. Gray

567-551: Was an early advocate of the typesetting program TeX , requiring that contributions be written in it and producing its own packages AMS-TeX and AMS-LaTeX . TeX and LaTeX are now ubiquitous in mathematical publishing. The AMS is led by the President, who is elected for a two-year term, and cannot serve for two consecutive terms. The AMS has an executive director who sits at the helm of the organization, steering it, managing its operations, and carrying out its mission according to

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594-399: Was by 'gentlemen's agreement.' Naturally Mary replied 'Well, obviously I'm no gentleman.') After that time, Council meetings were open to observers and the process of democratization of the Society had begun." Also, in 1971 the AMS established its Joint Committee on Women in the Mathematical Sciences (JCW), which later became a joint committee of multiple scholarly societies. Julia Robinson

621-646: Was founded in 1888 as the New York Mathematical Society , the brainchild of Thomas Fiske , who was impressed by the London Mathematical Society on a visit to England. John Howard Van Amringe became the first president while Fiske became secretary. The society soon decided to publish a journal, but ran into some resistance over concerns about competing with the American Journal of Mathematics . The result

648-593: Was the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society , with Fiske as editor-in-chief. The de facto journal, as intended, was influential in increasing membership. The popularity of the Bulletin soon led to the launches of the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society and Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society , which were also de facto journals. In 1891, Charlotte Scott of Britain became

675-674: Was the early organizer, placing an advertisement in the February 1971 Notices of the AMS , and writing the first issue of the AWM Newsletter that May. Again as reported by Lenore Blum , "What I remember hearing about Mary [W.] Gray and the Atlantic City Meetings, indeed what perked my curiosity, was an entirely different event, one that was also to alter dramatically the character of the mathematics community. In those years

702-675: Was the first female president of the American Mathematical Society (1983–1984), but was unable to complete her term as she was suffering from leukemia . In 1988, the Journal of the American Mathematical Society was created, as the flagship journal of the AMS. The AMS, along with more than a dozen other organizations, holds the largest annual research mathematics meeting in the world, the Joint Mathematics Meeting , in early January. The 2019 Joint Mathematics Meeting in Baltimore drew approximately 6,000 attendees. Each of

729-454: Was the spoken citation: "The winners of the 2017 Karl E. Peace award for Outstanding Statistical Contributions for the Betterment of Society reflect ways that statistical thinking in action can make important scientific and societal impact. The first is using statistics to directly inform policy and improve society, and the second is developing new statistical methodology that translates to the betterment of society. Dr. Mary Gray, trained as both

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