A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. Genre is to be distinguished from musical form and musical style , although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
117-462: Go-go is a subgenre of funk music with an emphasis on specific rhythmic patterns, and live audience call and response . Go-go was originated by African-American musicians in Washington, D.C. , during the mid-1960s to late-1970s. Go-go has limited popularity in other areas, but maintains a devoted audience in the Washington metropolitan area as a uniquely regional music style and was named
234-470: A Rick Rubin -produced single "The Word" in 1986. Not much happened with that record—at first. However, within a year or two of its release, the flipside, "Sardines", became (and remains to this day) the group's signature song. It was even performed in the 1988 film Tougher Than Leather . Rare Essence signed with Mercury / PolyGram Records but for one single for the label—"Flipside," released in 1986—was unremarkable. E.U. got its big break in 1986 when it
351-524: A Go-Go by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles (released November 1965). At a go-go club, dancers could expect to hear the latest top 40 hits, performed by local bands and DJ's. (The French Whiskyagogo had been one of the first venues in the world to replace live music with records selected by a disc jockey.) In Washington D.C., minor group the Young Senators were formed in 1965, beginning
468-605: A Los Angeles club, the Whisky a Go Go , and from there the term "go-go" spread nationwide. The Cafe Au Go Go in NYC was also in business during that time, gaining notoriety when Lenny Bruce was arrested there in April 1964. By 1965, "go-go" was a recognized word for a music club, as evidenced by the TV show Hollywood A Go-Go (march 1965-1966), or the song title of that year's hit Going to
585-772: A broader and wider range of music styles. In addition, social identity also plays a large role in music preference. Personality is a key contributor for music selection. Those who consider themselves to be "rebels" will tend to choose heavier music styles like heavy metal or hard rock , while those who consider themselves to be more "relaxed" or "laid back" will tend to choose lighter music styles like jazz or classical music. According to one model, there are five main factors that exist that underlie music preferences that are genre-free, and reflect emotional/affective responses. These five factors are: Studies have shown that while women prefer more treble oriented music, men prefer to listen to bass-heavy music. A preference for bass-heavy music
702-404: A commodity and (4) in capitalist societies, subject to the laws of 'free' enterprise_ it should ideally sell as much as possible. The distinction between classical and popular music has sometimes been blurred in marginal areas such as minimalist music and light classics. Background music for films/movies often draws on both traditions. In this respect, music is like fiction, which likewise draws
819-891: A dedicated music hall in Rohrersville . The Maryland Classic Youth Orchestras (MCYO) was formed in the 1946 to "nurture, develop and advance young talented musicians in a quality orchestral program". Beginning in 1964, the Orchestras began to offer new programs, such as a summer camp that eventually became the Maryland Center for the Arts . The largest music venue in Maryland is the Merriweather Post Pavilion , opened in 1967 and designed by architect Frank Gehry to avoid disturbing as much as possible
936-584: A distinction between literary fiction and popular fiction that is not always precise. Country music, also known as country and western (or simply country) and hillbilly music, is a genre of popular music that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s. Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments , digital instruments, or circuitry-based music technology in its creation. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from experimental art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music (EDM). Funk
1053-462: A fierce competition with Chuck Brown and Black Heat on the local club circuit. The Young Senators later became known for their song "Jungle" released in 1970 by Innovation Records. Chuck Brown was a fixture on Washington and Maryland music scene with his band Los Lotinos as far back as 1966. By the mid-1970s, he had changed the group's name to The Soul Searchers, and developed a laid-back, rhythm-heavy style of funk performed with one song blending into
1170-505: A group of kids (as young as nine) from the Barry Farm, Washington, D.C. , projects. Unable to afford instruments for their band, they fashioned drums out of empty buckets and traffic cones, tin cans substituted for timbales, and, in place of a brass section, they used plastic toy horns. Adding real instruments to their gear a little at a time, by 1985 they had joined the ranks of D.C.'s finest; they were scooped up by Def Jam , who released
1287-549: A heavy influence on the Maryland scene. After disbanding The Obsessed in the mid 80s and moving to California to sing with doom legends Saint Vitus , Wino reformed The Obsessed and signed to the German-based Hellhound Records . With The Obsessed on board, Hellhound began to sign other Maryland bands, such as Wretched , Iron Man , Unorthodox , Internal Void , and Revelation (who already had an album on Rise Above Records ). After Hellhound's demise in
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#17327839568101404-453: A hip-hop influence crept into go-go. Early MCs like D.C. Scorpio gave way to DJ Kool , whose 1996 indie release, " Let Me Clear My Throat "—based on a sample from DJ Mark the 45 King 's "The 900 Number"—was picked up by American Recordings and in 1997 became go-go's last certifiable hit single (No. 4 on Billboard's Rap singles chart, No. 21 on the R&;B/Hip-Hop singles chart, and No. 30 on
1521-487: A home for styles including emo and hardcore punk . A few instruments, such as drums and trumpets , are known to have existed in the early history of the Maryland colony, probably as a functional means "of calling the populace to church or to market, or in serving as symbols for sea captains and those from the military"; some folk dancing and ballad singing is also substantiated by the historical record. The early colonists had little tradition of any performance art, due to
1638-611: A hugely popular festival annually held at Pimlico Race Course , drawing in a variety of popular acts. The Takoma Park Folk Festival is also well known among folk music aficionados, and has been held annually since 1978 in Takoma Park, Maryland . Baltimore is home to several important concert spaces, including the Meyerhoff Symphony Hall , Concordia Hall and the Lyric Opera House . The Meyerhoff
1755-548: A month during February and March 1979 (peaking at #34 on the Pop chart). Experience Unlimited (a.k.a. E.U.) who originally formed in 1974 was a band more influenced by rock (their name a nod to the Jimi Hendrix Experience ), that started out in the 1970s. After witnessing Rare Essence in the late-1970s, they modified their style to incorporate the go-go beat. Kurtis Blow 's "Party Time" subsequently put them on
1872-490: A subcategory within major genres or their subgenres. The genealogy of musical genres expresses, often in the form of a written chart. New genres of music can arise through the development of new styles of music; in addition to simply creating a new categorization. Although it is conceivable to create a musical style with no relation to existing genres, new styles usually appear under the influence of pre-existing genres. Musicologists have sometimes classified music according to
1989-432: A trichotomous distinction such as Philip Tagg's "axiomatic triangle consisting of 'folk', 'art' and 'popular' musics". He explains that each of these three is distinguishable from the others according to certain criteria. Automatic methods of musical similarity detection, based on data mining and co-occurrence analysis, have been developed to classify music titles for electronic music distribution. Glenn McDonald,
2106-671: A wide array of popular styles. Modern Maryland is home to many well-regarded music venues, including the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra and Baltimore Opera , and the Peabody Institute 's Conservatory of Music. Baltimore, the largest city in the state, is home to many important local venues, such as the Red Room, a center for the local experimental music scene, and the house nightspot Club Choices. Outside of Baltimore, Frederick's Weinberg Center for
2223-899: A wildly varying array of styles or a "hard bop town, where R&B, gospel and bebop meet"; during the middle of the 20th century, Baltimore produced a vibrant local jazz tradition characterized by the use of the B3 organ . Many modern Baltimorean jazz musicians are renowned saxophonists, including Gary Thomas , Gary Bartz and the Afro-Caribbean influenced TK Blue . Internationally acclaimed jazz ensemble Fertile Ground are also based in Baltimore. Talking Heads lead singer David Byrne lived in Baltimore. Jimmie's Chicken Shack , Clutch , Good Charlotte , SR-71 , All Time Low , and O.A.R. are other popular American rock bands with strong ties to Maryland. Mama Cass Elliot of The Mamas &
2340-524: A world reference since the east–west tensions during the Early Modern Period . Traditional folk music usually refers to songs composed in the twentieth century, which tend to be written as universal truths and big issues of the time they were composed. Artists including Bob Dylan ; Peter, Paul and Mary ; James Taylor ; and Leonard Cohen , transformed folk music to what it is known today. Newer composers such as Ed Sheeran (pop folk) and
2457-618: A young DJ who spun at clubs in between Soul Searchers sets, was inspired (and encouraged by Brown himself) to start a band—called Rare Essence (originally the Young Dynamos)—that played the same kind of music. Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers released their first go-go hit " Bustin' Loose " in late 1978; it reached number one on the Billboard Hot R&;B/Hip-Hop Songs R&B charts and held that position for
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#17327839568102574-671: Is Bob Mintzer 's composition "Go-Go" from the Yellowjackets ' 2003 release, Time Squared . Composer Liza Figueroa Kravinsky composed the Go-Go Symphony , an original full orchestra symphony that incorporates the go-go and bounce beats. She founded the identically named Go-Go Symphony ensemble, which performs the Go-Go Symphony and other mashups of go-go and classical, sometimes in partnership with other full symphony orchestras. The February 21, 2014, world premiere of
2691-607: Is a U.S. state with a musical heritage that dates back to the Native Americans of the region and includes contributions to colonial era music , modern American popular and folk music . The music of Maryland includes a number of popular musicians, folk styles and a documented music history that dates to the colonial archives on music from Annapolis , an important source in research on colonial music. Famous modern musicians from Maryland range from jazz singer Billie Holiday to pop punk band Good Charlotte , and include
2808-455: Is a subordinate within a genre. In music terms, it is a subcategory of a musical genre that adopts its basic characteristics, but also has its own set of characteristics that clearly distinguish and set it apart within the genre. A subgenre is also often being referred to as a style of the genre. The proliferation of popular music in the 20th century has led to over 1,200 definable subgenres of music. A musical composition may be situated in
2925-600: Is a broad genre of popular music that originated as " rock and roll " in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom. Heavy metal evolved from hard rock , psychedelic rock , and blues rock in late 1960s and 1970s with notable acts such as Black Sabbath , Judas Priest and Motörhead . The popularity of heavy metal soared in
3042-439: Is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom. The terms popular music and pop music are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many disparate styles. The aggressiveness of the musical and performative style, based on structural simplicity and the vigorous rhythms of rock'n'roll style, reinforced
3159-605: Is a music genre that originated in African American communities in the mid-1960s when musicians created a rhythmic , danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Hip Hop music, also referred to as hip-hop or rap music , is a genre of music that was started in the United States, specifically the South Bronx in the New York City by African-American youth from
3276-561: Is a well-known organization that has hosted guests like Cuban violinist Guillermo Perich and Charlie Byrd ; the Annapolis Orchestra inspired composer David Ott to create the Annapolis Overture , which debuted in 1995. The Rohrersville Cornet Band , part of Maryland's cornet band heritage, claims to be the oldest continually performing community band in the state, having been founded in 1837; it now performs in
3393-540: Is generally defined similarly by many authors and musicologists, while the related term style has different interpretations and definitions. Some, like Peter van der Merwe , treat the terms genre and style as the same, saying that genre should be defined as pieces of music that share a certain style or "basic musical language". Others, such as Allan F. Moore, state that genre and style are two separate terms, and that secondary characteristics such as subject matter can also differentiate between genres. A subgenre
3510-489: Is home to the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. Concordia Hall is a long-standing venue, founded in 1867 by German musical societies, which were then a large portion of Baltimore's population. The Lyric Opera House, founded in 1894, is another important Baltimore music venue; it has hosted many of the most famous performers and public speakers to come to Baltimore. Smaller Hardcore and Punk acts play at
3627-725: Is lumped into existing categories or else a proliferation of derivative subgenres , fusion genres and "micro genres" starts to accrue. Douglass M. Green distinguishes between genre and form in his book Form in Tonal Music . He lists madrigal , motet , canzona , ricercar , and dance as examples of genres from the Renaissance period. To further clarify the meaning of genre , Green writes about " Beethoven's Op. 61 " and "Mendelssohn's Op. 64 ". He explains that both are identical in genre and are violin concertos that have different forms. However, Mozart's Rondo for Piano, K. 511, and
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3744-541: Is now a home for numerous programs, including the largest of its music venues, the Music Center at Strathmore; the Strathmore has hosted well-known musicians and composers like the cellist Steven Honigberg , pianist Christopher Taylor , jazz singers Nnenna Freelon and Luciana Souza and composers Virgil Thomson and Gunther Schuller , as well as DC-area cult acts like the founder of Go-go , Chuck Brown , and
3861-403: Is orally passed from one generation to another. Usually, the artist is unknown, and there are several versions of the same song. The genre is transmitted by singing, listening and dancing to popular songs. This type of communication allows culture to transmit the styles (pitches and cadences) as well as the context it was developed. Culturally transmitting folk songs maintain rich evidence about
3978-477: Is pivoted around sound recording technologies (for example jazz , pop, rock, rap and so on). These last two branches are created by means of the above-mentioned audiotactile matrix in which the formative medium is the Audiotactile Principle. Art music primarily includes classical traditions, including both contemporary and historical classical music forms. Art music exists in many parts of
4095-490: Is so particularly in the case of western classical music. Art music may include certain forms of jazz , though some feel that jazz is primarily a form of popular music. The 1960s saw a wave of avant-garde experimentation in free jazz, represented by artists such as Ornette Coleman , Sun Ra , Albert Ayler , Archie Shepp and Don Cherry . Additionally, avant-garde rock artists such as Frank Zappa , Captain Beefheart , and
4212-449: Is sometimes paired with borderline and antisocial personalities. Age is another strong factor that contributes to musical preference. Evidence is available that shows that music preference can change as one gets older. A Canadian study showed that adolescents show greater interest in pop music artists while adults and the elderly population prefer classic genres such as rock, opera, and jazz . Music of Maryland Maryland
4329-536: Is still being produced, but remains local to the area, depending on live shows to share its full effects. However, most of the venues have closed, with some residents putting it down to gentrification which has forced many African-American residents out of previously low-income neighborhoods. One area, Shaw , which was 11 percent white in 1970, was 62 percent white by 2015. Some new residents, however, have embraced go-go and locals are optimistic that it will continue to thrive. After one new resident's complaint about noise in
4446-465: Is underscored prominently by the bass drum and snare drum , and the hi-hat ... [and] is ornamented by the other percussion instruments , especially by the conga drums , rototoms , and hand-held cowbells ." Unique to go-go is instrumentation with two standard congas and two junior congas, 8" and 9" wide and about half as tall as the standard congas, a size rare outside go-go. They were introduced to Rare Essence by Tyrone "Jungle Boogie" Williams in
4563-657: The Academy of Music ; this new Academy of Music shared the name with the Peabody Institute's organization, but in the same year changed to the Conservatory of Music . The Academy's conductor, Adam Itzel, Jr. was a very popular composer, known for the national hit light opera The Tar and the Tartar . There were a number of mostly informal musical societies in Maryland by the end of the 19th century, including
4680-568: The Agnus Dei from his Mass, K. 317, are quite different in genre but happen to be similar in form." In 1982, Franco Fabbri proposed a definition of the musical genre that is now considered to be normative: "musical genre is a set of musical events (real or possible) whose course is governed by a definite set of socially accepted rules", where a musical event can be defined as "any type of activity performed around any type of event involving sound". A music genre or subgenre may be defined by
4797-640: The American Revolution but was reestablished by 1780, now with Baltimore having replaced Annapolis as a cultural capital in the state. Maryland ratified the federal Constitution on April 28, 1788, and became the seventh state in the Union. The Holiday Street Theater in Baltimore opened in 1793 and was one of the first large theaters in the country, showcasing light theater, opera, and concerts. In 1822, Arthur Clifton from Baltimore debuted his opera The Enterprise , while religious music flourished after
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4914-654: The Charm City Art Space . The city of Frederick is home to the Weinberg Centre for the Arts , which shows various kinds of theatrical and musical productions. The Weinberg was originally a large movie theater called the Tivoli, opened in 1926; the Tivoli was destroyed in a flood in 1976, and was reopened as the Weinberg Center two years later. North Bethesda's Strathmore opened in 1976, and
5031-493: The Peabody Institute 's Conservatory of Music. These include Baltimore Choral Arts and the Baltimore Opera , as well as the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra (BSO). The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra formed in 1916 and was the only orchestra in the country to operate as a branch of the city's government. In 1942, the orchestra was reorganized as a private institution. The Orchestra claims that Joseph Meyerhoff , President of
5148-596: The Peabody Institute . Maryland's folk music heritage remains little studied. There have been no major musicological studies in Maryland, though some Anglo-American and African American folk songs have been documented. The Library of Congress ' American Folklife Center has a library of recorded Maryland folk music, which includes a wide array of songs and styles, including Bahamanian spirituals , Mexican music , African American blues , Appalachian folk music , steelpan and gospel music , and Piscataway Native American music . Maryland's folk heritage also includes
5265-624: The United States . The larger growing port city of Baltimore 20 miles farther north eventually replaced Annapolis as a center for music in Maryland, and eventually became home to most of the prominent music institutions in the state, especially the Peabody Institute , founded by George Peabody in 1857. Later still, Baltimore's Pennsylvania Avenue, northwest of downtown, became a very well known home for African American music , especially jazz , while Maryland began producing popular musicians like The Orioles . In modern times, Maryland has been
5382-476: The musical techniques , the cultural context, and the content and spirit of the themes. Geographical origin is sometimes used to identify a music genre, though a single geographical category will often include a wide variety of subgenres. Timothy Laurie argues that, since the early 1980s, "genre has graduated from being a subset of popular music studies to being an almost ubiquitous framework for constituting and evaluating musical research objects". The term genre
5499-703: The 1821 opening of the first constructed Roman Catholic Cathedral in the country. The African Methodist Episcopal churches in Maryland were home to singing traditions using the shape-note method. By the turn of the century, the middle classes of Maryland were holding regular dances featuring the cotillion , quadrille , schottische , polka and waltz . Eastern European dances were also popular, brought by immigrants from various countries. Many immigrants in Maryland moved to Baltimore, forming their own distinct neighborhoods with German liederkranz singing societies, and Irish St. Patrick's Day parades and Jewish chants flourished among their respective communities. Maryland
5616-454: The 1980s with bands such as Iron Maiden , Metallica and Guns 'n' Roses . It has a rougher style and heavier sound than other forms of rock music, with notable subgenres such as thrash metal , hair metal and death metal . Soul music became a musical genre that came to include a wide variety of R&B-based music styles from the pop R&B acts at Motown Records in Detroit, such as
5733-528: The 19th century saw a wave of immigration from Europe into the United States, including a large number of German musicians who settled in Baltimore; the presence of these musicians, as well as the general growth in urban population with the Industrial Revolution and the continued rise of the music publishing industry, helped make music training more affordable for more Americans. Conservatories , institutes of music education, were introduced to
5850-499: The African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Latin music is a genre of music that originated in the United States due to the growing influence of Latino Americans in the music industry. It is a term used by the music industry to describe music in a catch-all category for various music styles from Ibero-America . Pop
5967-506: The Annapolis Maritime Museum's Chesapeake Music Institute. The Piedmont blues , a style of blues music, is most closely associated with the music of Virginia , North Carolina , Georgia and South Carolina , but also exists in Maryland, which has produced modern performers like Warner Williams and Jay Summerour . Bill Jackson, born 1906, from Granite, Maryland was an obscure Piedmont blues guitarist and singer. He
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#17327839568106084-510: The Arts and Rockville's Strathmore are also important regional venues. The Merriweather Post Pavilion and 1st Mariner Arena host most of the largest concerts in the area. Since HFStival ended its successful run in 2006, Virgin Festival has taken over as one of the most popular summer festivals on the east coast since its inaugural year in 2006. Most of the major musical organizations in Baltimore were founded by musicians who trained at
6201-561: The Black Lives Matter protests over the summer of 2020 often included go-go bands performing on truck beds as a highly visible and aural political symbol that could only happen in the capital of the United States." On August 22, 2021, it was announced that the DC Public Library's Go-Go Archive had acquired the photography catalog of 1,956 photographic images shot by photographer Chip Py who spent ten years photographing
6318-556: The Bomb in 1982, which included the hit "Pump Me Up" which had already been a regional hit years before. Maxx Kidd founded go-go label T.T.E.D. Records in 1982. In 1984, Island Records founder Chris Blackwell heard Chuck Brown's " We Need Some Money " on the radio in New York, which ultimately led to him signing some of the brightest stars of the go-go scene. Trouble Funk and E.U. were both signed to Island, while Chuck Brown, Redds and
6435-491: The Boys and Hot, Cold, Sweat were signed through a distribution deal between Max Kidd's T.T.E.D. and Island subsidiary 4th & B'way . Along with the recording contracts Blackwell was handing out, he also wanted to make the go-go film and soundtrack ; a D.C.-based version of The Harder They Come . The resultant film, Good to Go (or Short Fuse , as it was called on video) was plagued with problems: co-director Don Letts
6552-538: The Chesapeake won international championships in 1961 and 1971. Baltimore's hardcore punk scene has been overshadowed by DC's. Jule's Loft, was described by author Steven Blush as the "apex of the Baltimore (hardcore) scene" in 1983 and 1984. The 1980s also saw the development of a local new wave scene led by the bands Ebeneezer & the Bludgeons, Null Set, and Here Today (later Vigil (band) ). Later in
6669-745: The Choice Four , and the Fuzz that played soul music during pre-go-go era. The term "gogo" (as it applies to a music venue) originated in France in the early 1960s, at the Whiskyagogo nightclub, named after the French title for the British comedy "Whisky Galore!". The club also featured go-go dancers . In January 1964, capitalizing on the emerging popularity of "go-go dancers", the name was licensed to
6786-627: The Civil War, when James Monroe Deems directed a concert; Deems was a musician and composer, known for Nebuchadnezzar , one of the first American oratorios . He was succeeded by Lucien Southard , who failed to organize the institute (then known as the Academy of Music ), blaming the lack of a "proper musical atmosphere" in Baltimore. It was not until Asger Hamerik 's reign that the Peabody Symphony Orchestra finally became successful, one of only five professional orchestras in
6903-465: The DC Go-Go scene and was one of Chuck Brown's photographers for the archival and documented history of go-go. On February 14, 2022, the book DC Go-Go: Ten Years Backstage by photographer Chip Py was published by The History Press. The 208-page book features 251 of Py's photographs of all the bands, legends and fans shot at the go-go as well as nine chapters about the origins, the culture, the legends,
7020-609: The Familiar Faces won in 2006, and L!ssen Da Grew^p won in 2007. Some go-go artists have been able to transition into other areas of entertainment. Anwan "Big G" Glover —a founding member of the Backyard Band—became an actor, playing Slim Charles on HBO's The Wire . D.C. band Mambo Sauce also had hits with "Miracles" and "Welcome to D.C." which both cracked the Billboard charts. "Welcome to D.C." also became
7137-469: The Hot 100). As the hip-hop content in go-go increased, the complexity of the musical arrangements decreased. Where bands once featured horn sections and multiple guitarists in addition to a phalanx of percussionists, many current go-go bands have stripped down to just keyboards and percussion. Another trend is to have a dedicated percussionist with plastic "wood blocks" performing much of what used to be handled by
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#17327839568107254-481: The Lumineers (American folk) are examples of contemporary folk music, which has been recorded and adapted to the new way of listening to music (online)—unlike the traditional way of orally transmitting music. Each country in the world, in some cases each region, district and community, has its own folk music style. The sub-divisions of folk genre are developed by each place, cultural identity and history. Because
7371-566: The Orchestra beginning in 1965, and his music director, Sergiu Comissiona , began the modern history of the BSO and "ensured the creation of an institution, which has become the undisputed leader of the arts community throughout the State of Maryland". Aside from the prominent Baltimore Symphony, Maryland is also home to several other institutions. The Annapolis Symphony Orchestra , founded in 1962,
7488-657: The Papas was from Maryland, and began her singing career there. Another Maryland band similar to the Mamas and Papas, the Peppermint Rainbow , was discovered by Mama Cass and had a top forty hit with the song "Will you be staying after Sunday". Maryland-based band The Ravyns are also notable for having their song "Raised on the Radio" appear on the soundtrack to Fast Times at Ridgemont High . The Dundalk -based Chorus of
7605-596: The Pips ). Hoping to build on their success, in 1989 they released Livin' Large on Virgin Records . Two singles from the album (" Buck Wild " and " Taste of Your Love ") made respectable showings on Billboard's R&B/Hip-Hop singles chart but they failed to repeat the success of " Da Butt ." (The album peaked at No. 22 on the R&B/Hip-Hop chart and No. 158 on the Top 200.) A second Virgin release, Cold Kickin' It , came out
7722-592: The Residents released art music albums. Popular music is any musical style accessible to the general public and disseminated by the mass media. Musicologist and popular music specialist Philip Tagg defined the notion in the light of sociocultural and economical aspects: Popular music, unlike art music, is (1) conceived for mass distribution to large and often socioculturally heterogeneous groups of listeners, (2) stored and distributed in non-written form, (3) only possible in an industrial monetary economy where it becomes
7839-633: The Saturday Night Club of H. L. Mencken and the Florestan Club , which hosted such musicians as Mischa Elman , Leopold Stokowski and Walter Damrosch . The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra was the first permanent orchestra in the city since 1895, when the Peabody Orchestra dissolved; it opened in 1916 with conductor Gustav Strube ; this came three years after the formation of the short-lived Baltimore Opera Society, which
7956-533: The Temptations , Gladys Knight & the Pips , Marvin Gaye and Four Tops , to " deep soul " singers such as Percy Sledge and James Carr . The polka is originally a Czech dance and genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas. Religious music (also referred as sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. Gospel , spiritual, and Christian music are examples of religious music. Traditional and folk music are very similar categories. Although
8073-440: The United States in the mid to late 19th century, beginning with Baltimore's Peabody Institute 's Conservatory of Music , founded in 1857. The Peabody trained numerous musicians who went on to found most of Baltimore's major musical organizations, including the Baltimore Opera , Baltimore Choral Arts and the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra . Though founded in 1857, the Peabody Institute did not hold an orchestral concert until after
8190-595: The bands, the culture, #dontmutedc and how Go-Go became the official music of Washington, D.C. In 2024 the Go-Go Museum and Cafe was opened, in Anacostia , Washington, D.C. Music subgenre Music can be divided into genres in numerous ways, sometimes broadly and with polarity, such as for popular music , as opposed to art music or folk music ; or, as another example, religious music and secular music . The artistic nature of music means that these classifications are often subjective and controversial, and some genres may overlap. As genres evolve, sometimes new music
8307-437: The bustling ethnic port city of Baltimore along with outlying rural farming towns of Carroll , Montgomery and Frederick counties. Tavern owners frequently sponsored dances and concerts during the colonial era. Beginning in 1752, theater became a major part of Maryland culture for colonists of all classes; performances included light dance and incidental music, ballad operas and the works of William Shakespeare . Aside from
8424-537: The challenging and provocative character, within the universe of modern music. Reggae music, originating from the late 1960s Jamaica , is a genre of music that was originally used by Jamaicans to define themselves with their lifestyle and social aspects. The meaning behind reggae songs tend to be about love, faith or a higher power, and freedom. Reggae music is important to Jamaican culture as it has been used as inspiration for many third world liberation movements. Bob Marley , an artist primarily known for reggae music,
8541-708: The colonial era did much to sponsor musical development. Annapolis, a major center for colonial music in British North America , was home to the Homony Club and the Tuesday Club, while the Freemasons held balls and concerts across Maryland. Unlike the northern United States, religious music did not prosper in Maryland until the end of the colonial period, and then only in the German communities in
8658-500: The contemporary R&B of Toni Braxton (who had two No. 1 Billboard Hot 100 hits, including " Un-break My Heart " in 1996), Sisqo (who had a No. 1 Hot 100 hit with " Incomplete " in 2000), and Mario (who had a No. 1 Hot 100 hit with " Let Me Love You " in 2005), and the pop of Cass Elliott . Though doo wop can be traced to many urban areas across the United States, especially New York City, Sonny Til 's 1946 band called The Vibranaires, later known as The Orioles , can be considered
8775-622: The country at the time. Hamerik was an advocate of American music and regularly included the works of American composers, eschewing the more typical European programs. The Peabody during Hamerik's leadership produced such noted individuals as Otto Sutro , publisher, music store owner and host of a music society called the Wednesday Club, and with fellow Peabody alum Fritz Finke, founder of the Oratorio Society. In 1871, Ford's Grand Opera House opened, followed three years later by
8892-803: The cultural and state capital of Annapolis, the city of Baltimore, and county seat towns of Upper Marlboro in southern Maryland and Chestertown on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay , were major homes for Maryland theater, home to the debuts of the latest and most popular dances. With the French and Indian War (1754–1763), and then the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), soldiers brought back home to Maryland military band music, especially fife and drum ensembles. Professional theater in Maryland died out during
9009-503: The decade, emo bands like Reptile House had some success and recorded with Ian MacKaye in DC. Some early Baltimore punk musicians moved onto other local bands by the end of the 1990s, resulting in local mainstays Lungfish and Fascist Fascist , who became regionally prominent. The Urbanite magazine has identified several major trends in local Baltimorean music, including the rise of psychedelic-folk singer-songwriters like Entrance and
9126-498: The early days when they couldn't afford full-sized congas and are ubiquitous ever since. Its name arises from the persistent percussive beat, but it incorporates elements of many other genres. Although Chuck Brown is known as " the Godfather of Go-Go ", go-go is a musical movement that cannot be traced back to one single person, as there were so many bands that flourished during the beginning of this era that they collectively created
9243-421: The employee of The Echo Nest , music intelligence and data platform, owned by Spotify , has created a categorical perception spectrum of genres and subgenres based on "an algorithmically generated, readability-adjusted scatter-plot of the musical genre-space, based on data tracked and analyzed for 5,315 genre-shaped distinctions by Spotify" called Every Noise at Once . Alternatively, music can be assessed on
9360-401: The end of 1900s, Vincenzo Caporaletti has proposed a more comprehensive distinction of music genres based on the "formative medium" with which a music is created, that is the creative interface (cognitive milieu) employed by the artist. Following this framework, formative media may belong to two different matrixes: visual or audiotactile with regards to the role played in the creative process by
9477-636: The first doo wop group. The genre-crossing Frank Zappa was also from Maryland, as was Tupac Shakur , who was born in Harlem , though he began his career in Baltimore, eventually becoming one of the most famous rappers in hip hop history . Rapper Logic has had two No. 1 albums on the Billboard 200 including Everybody in 2017. Maryland has also produced many renowned jazz musicians, such as Eubie Blake , Elmer Snowden and Billie Holiday . The Urbanite magazine describes Baltimore jazz as variously
9594-655: The following year but failed to make much of an impression on the national charts. Experience Unlimited had a resurgence in the mid-1990s by partnering with the jazz and gospel singer Maiesha Rashad , performing under the name "Maiesha and the Hip Huggers". Maiesha and the Hip Huggers have headlined events and concert venues such as B.B. King's Blues Club and Grill , DAR Constitution Hall , Black Family Reunion and D.C.'s Stone Soul Picnic and Unifest . In 1988, R&B singer Jesse James and Fay Marshall released soul singles(T.T.E.D. Records). As time passed, more and more of
9711-547: The fully orchestrated Go-Go Symphony and similar pieces, performed with the Capital City Symphony, received standing ovations and rave reviews. In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it became harder for go-go bands and local venues to hold concerts as law enforcement in both Washington, D.C., and neighboring Prince George's County in Maryland viewed the concerts and bands as inciters of violence. New go-go music
9828-403: The go-go anthem "Hey, Fellas." In the 1980s, some go-go bands such as Chuck Brown, Trouble Funk, EU, Rare Essence, Hot Cold Sweat, The Junk Yard Band, AM/FM, Redds and the Boys, Slug-Go achieved local success. Trouble Funk put out a few records on New Jersey –based label Jamtu before signing with one of the more powerful hip hop labels, Sugar Hill , where it released a six-track LP called Drop
9945-495: The house/hip hop dance fusion called Baltimore club , pioneered by DJs like Rod Lee . More recently, Baltimore's indie rock scene has produced performers like Cass McCombs and Mary Prankster . Maryland has had a thriving doom metal scene since the early 1990s, and is now considered to have its own "Maryland doom" sound. This scene was started in the late 1970s with The Obsessed , a band led by Scott "Wino" Weinrich . During this time, Northern Virginia 's Pentagram also had
10062-521: The inclusion of Robert 'Dyke' Reed (keyboards, guitar, vocals), Taylor Reed (trumpet, vocals), James Avery (keyboards, vocals), Teebone David (percussion), and Tony Fisher (bass, vocals), the band changed its name, and, in the late 1970s, after seeing the light at a gig they played with Chuck Brown, they, too, adopted the go-go beat. The band was signed to the Sugar Hill Records label in 1982 and recorded with Kurtis Blow . Trouble Funk recorded
10179-410: The inner cities during the 1970s. It can be broadly defined as a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping , a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. Hip hop music derives from the hip hop culture itself, including four key elements: emceeing ( MCing )/ rapping , Disc jockeying (DJing) with turntablism , breakdancing and graffiti art . Jazz is a music genre that originated in
10296-402: The intersection of two or more genres, sharing characteristics of each parent genre, and therefore belong to each of them at the same time. Such subgenres are known as fusion genres . Examples of fusion genres include jazz fusion , which is a fusion of jazz and rock music, and country rock which is a fusion of country music and rock music. A microgenre is a niche genre, as well as
10413-484: The junior congas. There was, however, a retro movement in the 2000s reverting to go-go's original style of marathon sessions covering popular R&B songs such as Northeast Groovers . Many of these bands used the term "Grown 'n Sexy" to indicate a focus on appealing to audiences over 25. In 2006 and again in 2007, there was a Grown and Sexy Category at the WKYS 93.9 Go-Go Awards ceremony held at DAR Constitution Hall, which
10530-492: The last later becoming Maryland's state song . The Civil War left several lasting effects on American music nationwide, most importantly the normalization of white and black cultural mixing, especially in music, caused by the mixing of soldiers in multiracial units; military brass bands became a popular part of the music scene during and after the war, one of the first being the Moxley Band from Frederick . The middle of
10647-570: The late 90s, many Maryland doom bands were picked up by various other labels, including Southern Lord Records . After The Obsessed second break up, Wino formed Spirit Caravan and The Hidden Hand . Other current Maryland doom bands include Earthride . 1980s metal band Kix are from Hagerstown. Death metal band Dying Fetus are from Upper Marlboro. Speed-thrash metal band Offensive are from Essex in Baltimore County. Progressive metal band Periphery are from Bethesda. Maryland has
10764-449: The magazine being a source of information on go-go shows, it serves as a community forum. Additionally, musicians from other genres of music have incorporated elements of the go-go aesthetic into their compositions and stage acts. Jazz/rock musician Mike Dillon , leads a band called Go-Go Jungle, often playing long, non-stop sets that incorporate go-go beats and raps interspersed with other subgenres of funk, jazz, and rock. Another example
10881-492: The map to be later tracked down by Grace Jones and to take the King of Go-Go Production, Maxx Kidd to an international music adventure with Island Records , to make E.U. 's greatest hit " Da Butt " for the soundtrack of the 1988 film School Daze , written, directed and produced by Spike Lee . Trouble Funk had its roots in the early 1970s Top 40 cover band called Trouble Band, then fronted by drummer, Emmett Nixon. With
10998-482: The music is developed in different places, many of the instruments are characteristic to location and population—but some are used everywhere: button or piano accordion , different types of flutes or trumpets, banjo , and ukulele . Both French and Scottish folk music use related instruments such as the fiddle , the harp and variations of bagpipes . Since music has become more easily accessible ( Spotify , iTunes , YouTube, etc.), more people have begun listening to
11115-668: The next (in order to keep people on the dance floor). The beat was based on Grover Washington Jr. 's song "Mr. Magic," though Brown has said in interviews that both he and Washington had adapted the beat from a gospel music beat found in black churches. Washington, D.C., funk's early national chart action came when Black Heat (the first D.C. go-go band to be signed by a major record label) released their Billboard top 100 hit "No Time To Burn" from their second album on Atlantic Records in 1974. They then toured with such national acts as Earth, Wind & Fire , Parliament-Funkadelic , Ohio Players , The Commodores , and others. In 1976, James Funk,
11232-642: The official intro song for all of the Washington Wizards & Mystics home games and the video for the song was in rotation on VH1 Soul and BETJ and received airplay on MTVJams, MTV2, MTVU and BET. Kevin Kato Hammond , former lead guitarist for Little Benny & the Masters and former rapper for the band Proper Utensils, started the online magazine Take Me Out to the Go-Go in 1996. In addition to
11349-455: The official music of Washington, D.C., in February 2020. Performers associated with the development of the style include Rare Essence , EU , Trouble Funk , and singer-guitarist Chuck Brown . Modern artists like Charles "Shorty Corleone" Garris continue the go-go tradition in D.C. In technical terms, "go-go's essential beat is characterized by a five through four syncopated rhythm that
11466-478: The period of history when they were created and the social class in which they developed. Some examples of the Folk Genre can be seen in the folk music of England and Turkish folk music . English folk music has developed since the medieval period and has been transmitted from that time until today. Similarly, Turkish folk music relates to all the civilizations that once passed thorough Turkey, thereby being
11583-505: The reunited punk band The Slickee Boys . Indigenous peoples created the first music in what became Maryland. The documented music history of Maryland begins during the colonial era, in the 18th century. The capital city of Annapolis was a major center for music during the colonial era; the city's Tuesday Club left behind documentation of musical life in Annapolis, one of the most complete sources for musical knowledge about that era in
11700-531: The rise of blackface minstrel shows , featuring the pseudo-African American songs of composers like Dan Emmett and Stephen Foster . During the Civil War, Maryland was a border state , home to people who sympathized with both sides of the conflict. Federal troops occupied Baltimore, and some people who wrote music that favored the Confederacy were jailed; these pieces included "The Confederacy March", "Stonewall Jackson's Way" and " Maryland, My Maryland ",
11817-636: The small number of individuals, their low standard of living and great poverty and disease. With the arrival of large numbers of slaves , however, some white plantation owners earned enough wealth to invest in music and dance. The upper class used instruments like the flute , violin and harpsichord and danced formal dances like the stately minuet or English country dance , while the lower classes preferred reels and jigs , accompanied by various kinds of guitars , drums , banjos , transverse flutes and recorders , as well as, more rarely, hammered dulcimers and harpsichords . Local music groups during
11934-744: The sound that is recognized as go-go of today. Artists such as Marvin Gaye , Van McCoy , Billy Stewart, Peaches & Herb , Black Heat , Experience Unlimited (E.U.), Vernon Burch , Sir Joe Quarterman & the Free Soul , the Moments, Ray, Goodman & Brown , True Reflection, the Unifics , Terry Huff & Special Delivery, Act 1, the Dynamic Superiors , Skip Mahoney & the Casuals,
12051-626: The standard forms of music notation that evolved in Europe, beginning well before the Renaissance and reaching its maturity in the Romantic period. The identity of a "work" or "piece" of art music is usually defined by the notated version rather than by a particular performance and is primarily associated with the composer rather than the performer (though composers may leave performers with some opportunity for interpretation or improvisation). This
12168-479: The street, there were protests, which grew into a block party with go-go performances. In February 2020, go-go was named the "official music" of Washington, D.C., in a unanimous vote by the D.C. Council following the #DontMuteDC movement. Go-go historians and local activists have advocated for city investment in go-go tourism as a result of financial challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic . "In Washington, D.C.,
12285-522: The surrounding Symphony Woods; it is an outdoor performance area, home to most of the largest concerts that come through the area. In the 1990s and early 2000s, HFStival , held by the WHFS radio station, established itself as an extremely popular annual festival, and became a major draw across the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area . Since 2006, Virgin Festival has established itself as
12402-586: The three dimensions of "arousal", "valence", and "depth". Arousal reflects physiological processes such as stimulation and relaxation (intense, forceful, abrasive, thrilling vs. gentle, calming, mellow), valence reflects emotion and mood processes (fun, happy, lively, enthusiastic, joyful vs. depressing, sad), and depth reflects cognitive processes (intelligent, sophisticated, inspiring, complex, poetic, deep, emotional, thoughtful vs. party music, danceable). These help explain why many people like similar songs from different traditionally segregated genres. Starting from
12519-543: The time, Pennsylvania Avenue (often known simply as The Avenue ) was the major scene for Baltimore's black musicians, and was an early home for Eubie Blake and Noble Sissle , among others. Many new, independent performing arts organizations formed in the early 21st century, including the Baltimore Rock Opera Society , Symphony Number One , Lunar Ensemble , and SONAR New Music Ensemble . Many of these groups were founded by students and alumni of
12636-629: The traditional music of the German communities of central and western Maryland. Cornet bands, such as the Rohrersville Cornet Band , are also a prominent part of Maryland's folk heritage. The oystermen and others who work on the Chesapeake Bay have their own distinct folk song styles which include hymns and work songs . Some locally popular performers have used these folk themes in their music, including Bob Zentz and Steve Keith , all of whom have appeared on records by
12753-451: The traditional music is a very broad category and can include several genres, it is widely accepted that traditional music encompasses folk music. According to the ICTM (International Council for Traditional Music), traditional music are songs and tunes that have been performed over a long period of time (usually several generations) . The folk music genre is classified as the music that
12870-457: The visual rationality or the bodily sensitivity and embodied cognition. The theory developed by Caporaletti, named Audiotactile Music Theory, categorises music in three different branches: 1) written music, like the so-called classical music, that is created using the visual matrix; 2) oral music (like folk music or ethnic music before the advent of sound recording technologies); 3) Audiotactile music, which are process of production and transmission
12987-462: The world. It emphasizes formal styles that invite technical and detailed deconstruction and criticism, and demand focused attention from the listener. In Western practice, art music is considered primarily a written musical tradition, preserved in some form of music notation rather than being transmitted orally, by rote, or in recordings, as popular and traditional music usually are. Historically, most western art music has been written down using
13104-452: Was booked to play a party celebrating the release of Spike Lee 's debut film, She's Gotta Have It . Lee liked what he heard, and tapped the band to perform a song in his next movie, School Daze . " Da Butt " (written for the film by Marcus Miller and E.U. keyboardist, Kent Wood) made it to number one on Billboard's R&B chart (No. 35 Pop) and scored the band a Grammy nomination (they lost to " Love Overboard " by Gladys Knight &
13221-416: Was discovered by Pete Welding and recorded his first and only record in 1962. The Piedmont blues arose from a mixture of black gospel music with white string ensembles, and is characterized by a style of guitar playing influenced by ragtime and country music . Maryland has produced popular musicians from many fields, including doo wop and hardcore punk, as well as the gangsta rap of Tupac Shakur ,
13338-489: Was eventually replaced by the Baltimore Opera in 1927. While the largely white middle- and upper-class Baltimoreans supported the orchestras and other societies, the city's African Americans formed their own Coloured Symphony Orchestra in 1931, which was municipally supported just like the BSO; the first performance included Ellis Larkins and Anne Brown , the latter known for creating the role of Bess in Porgy and Bess . At
13455-485: Was home to several folk traditions, including the work songs of rail and canal diggers and the crab- and oystermen of the Chesapeake Bay, whose repertoire varied from hymns to risqué songs and Bahaman shanties . By the middle of the 19th century, Baltimore was a major center of sheet music publishing, home to Joseph Carr , F. D. Benteen , John Cole and George Willig , as well as the piano-building businesses of William Knabe and Charles Stieff . This period also saw
13572-588: Was honored by Zimbabwe's 1980 Independence celebration due to his music giving inspirations to freedom fighters. The music genre of reggae is known to incorporate stylistic techniques from rhythm and blues , jazz , African, Caribbean, and other genres as well but what makes reggae unique are the vocals and lyrics. The vocals tend to be sung in Jamaican Patois , Jamaican English , and Iyaric dialects. The lyrics of reggae music usually tend to raise political awareness and on cultural perspectives. Rock music
13689-635: Was let go halfway through production, the film became less about the music and more about drugs and violence, and despite the fact that most of the post-production was completed in the fall of 1985, the film was held for release until late-summer 1986. When it did poorly on release, it seemed that go-go had missed its best chance to break into the mainstream. "Good to Go" OST album was released in 1986 also. Soul/Funk groups used go-go beat in their songs. Examples of R&B were Club Nouveau "Lean on Me"(pop No. 1, yearend No. 10) Lebert "Casanova", and Midnight Star "Headlines". The Junk Yard Band started out in 1980 as
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