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72-441: Kiyoshi Nagai ( 永井潔 , Nagai Kiyoshi , born September 6, 1945) , better known by the pen name Go Nagai ( 永井 豪 , Nagai Gō ) , is a Japanese manga artist and a prolific author of science fiction , fantasy, horror , and erotica. He made his professional debut in 1967 with Meakashi Polikichi , but is best known for creating popular 1970s manga and anime series such as Cutie Honey , Devilman , and Mazinger Z . He

144-671: A big influence on him, in an interview which was included as an extra in the fourth volume of the North American DVD release by Media Blasters in 2002. Movie director Yoshihiro Nishimura ( Tokyo Gore Police ) claimed that he's a fan of Go Nagai's works in an interview with Sancho Asia and said that he wants to re-adapt Devilman into a live action movie since he did not like the 2004 live action Devilman adaptation by Hiroyuki Nasu . In another interview by Screen Anarchy , he also said that he wanted to adapt Violence Jack into live action. Scriptwriter Kazuki Nakashima

216-471: A character or concept will appear in a series of one-shots, in cases where the subject matter is not financially lucrative enough to merit an ongoing or limited series , but still popular enough to be published on a regular basis, often annually or quarterly. A current example of a series of one-shots would be Marvel Comics ' Franklin Richards: Son of a Genius publications. This type of one-shot

288-524: A conversation between him and Go Nagai published in Devilman Tabulae Anatomicae . In an interview in the booklet that comes in the premium Blu-ray edition of Dororon Enma-kun Meeramera , the animation director Takahiro Kimura claims to be a Go Nagai fan since he was a child and that Dororon Enma-kun was his favourite. Manga artist Kentaro Miura ( Berserk ) claims that he likes Go Nagai's dynamic style and that Nagai had

360-404: A lower class) and the human beings. After this, in 1971 came the horror one-shot Susumu-chan Dai Shock about a violent collapse of the parent-child relationships. A series of horror one-shots would follow, in the series called Gensou Kyofu e Hanashi (幻想恐怖絵噺), which comprehends Africa no Chi (an original story of Yasutaka Tsutsui ), Schalken Gahaku (based in the famous story Strange Event in

432-502: A manga artist. Nowadays there are many self-published manga artists on the internet posting their work on websites. It is possible for these manga artists' works to be officially picked up by a publishing company, such as Shueisha . For example, One-Punch Man started off as a webcomic before Shueisha began publishing a manga remake on Tonari No Young Jump. While Japan does have a thriving independent comic market for amateur and semi-professional artists, creating manga professionally

504-564: A member of the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize 's nominating committee since 2009. Go Nagai was born on September 6, 1945 in the Ishikawa Prefecture city of Wajima . He is the son of Yoshio and Fujiko Nagai (永井芳雄・冨士子), and the fourth of five brothers. His family had just returned from Shanghai . While he was still in his early childhood, he along with his mother and his four brothers moved to Tokyo after

576-464: A poster and website as part of the advertising for Devilman Crybaby . This list includes titles such as Parasyte , Tokyo Ghoul , and Attack on Titan alongside the afformentioned Neon Genesis Evangelion and Berserk . This list does not include a number of other series whose creators have attributed the series as an inspiration or featured clear visual homages. (For example, Yu-Gi-Oh! ' s creator Kazuki Takahashi has stated that Devilman

648-414: A sequel to it called Violence Jack (ヴァイオレンス ジャック), another long-running series that spanned multiple volumes and dealt with a giant brute of a man fighting for justice in a post- apocalyptic setting where Japan has been devastated by a massive earthquake and isolated from the rest of the world. Years later Nagai revamped Devilman featuring versions of the protagonists as young adult women and altering

720-409: A severe case of diarrhea for three weeks. Aware of his own mortality, he wanted to leave some evidence that he had lived, by doing something that he liked as a child: working on manga. He was determined to create one work of manga in what he thought were his last months. As Nagai prepared for the task, he went to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with catarrh of the colon , and soon healed. But this

792-494: A writer creating a story which is then handed over to a manga artist for drawing. The Japanese term for such a writer of comics is gensakusha ( 原作者 ) . In 2009, 5,300 mangaka were honored with a title published in bound volume in Japan. In a 2010 message Japan Cartoonists Association chairman, Takashi Yanase says: "[w]hile Japan is often said to be world's cartoon kingdom, not a few people will surely be wondering what exactly

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864-514: A writer, as any conversation must fit within the physical constraints imposed by the art. Takeshi Obata of Death Note , Tetsuo Hara of Fist of the North Star , and Ryoichi Ikegami of Sanctuary are all successful manga artists who have worked with writers through the majority of their careers. Most manga artists have assistants who help them complete their work in a clean and timely manner. The duties of assistants vary widely, as

936-421: A year after debuting, he met with a big success. After being an unknown manga artist, he became a protagonist of televised debates and journalistic investigations. In 1968, while Shueisha was getting prepared to launch its first manga publication, Shōnen Jump , in order to compete with other magazines from rival companies (like Shōnen Magazine from Kodansha and Shōnen Sunday from Shogakukan ), Nagai

1008-405: A year, and was untitled at that time. Ishinomori saw this work and praised Nagai for it, but commented that the design was too chunky and he should improve it a little. Two or three days later, Nagai was invited to become an assistant to Ishinomori and this work was forgotten until 2007, when it was published in the magazine Comic Ran Twins Sengoku Busho Retsuden (コミック乱 TWINS 戦国武将列伝) by LEED under

1080-529: Is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series , which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books , parts of comic magazines / anthologies or published online in websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows. In

1152-405: Is also familiar with his works. "In particular, I read everything by Go Nagai, from his debut works and then when I was in middle school his work Devilman really struck me. I felt like I was maturing along with the development of the writer himself." Japanese novelist, visual novel writer, and anime screenwriter Gen Urobuchi explained that Devilman made him realize that bittersweet endings are

1224-453: Is considered exceptional. Assistants are commonly used for inking , lettering , and shading , though the predominance of black and white art in manga means that unlike in the western comic industry, a studio rarely employs a colorist . Some manga artists only do the sketchwork for their art, and have their numerous assistants fill in all of the details, but it is more common for assistants to deal with background and cameo art, leaving

1296-490: Is credited with creating the super robot genre; designing the first mecha robots piloted by a user from within a cockpit with Mazinger Z ; as well as helping pioneer the magical girl genre with Cutie Honey; the post-apocalyptic manga/anime genre with Violence Jack ; and the ecchi genre with Harenchi Gakuen . In 2005, he became a Character Design professor at the Osaka University of Arts . He has been

1368-542: Is currently being more prolific in manga production than ever. Much of Nagai's work has been adapted into anime and tokusatsu . Nagai has made cameo appearances in some live-action films, including The Toxic Avenger Part II , the Cutie Honey 2004 live action film, and in a special DVD-only episode of Cutie Honey: The Live as Dr. Koshiro Kisaragi. In Italy, France, and the Middle East, Grendizer

1440-496: Is not to be confused with a comic book annual , which is typically a companion publication to an established ongoing series. The term has also been borrowed into the Franco-Belgian comics industry, with basically the same meaning, although there it mostly refers to comic albums . The comic art histories of different countries and regions are following divergent paths. Japanese early comic art or manga took its rise from

1512-456: Is rarely a solo effort. Manga artists must work with an assortment of others to get their work completed, published, and into the hands of readers. Most professionally published manga artists work with an editor, who is considered the boss of the manga artist and supervises series production. The editor gives advice on the layout and art of the manga, vets the story direction and pace, ensures that deadlines are met, and generally makes sure that

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1584-427: Is still the majority of American comic market. Around the late 1960s- mid-1970s, due to the dislocations of social developments, alternative comic art traditions were developing under the era. This alternative underground comix movement used the medium as a method for radical changes. In more recent years, European albums are still the dominant comic format in their own markets, while superhero comic books dominate

1656-589: The Japanese manga industry, one-shots are called yomikiri ( 読み切り ) , a term which implies that the comic is presented in its entirety without any continuation. One-shot manga are often written for contests, and sometimes later developed into a full-length series, much like a television pilot . Many popular manga series began as one-shots, such as Dragon Ball , Fist of the North Star , Naruto , Bleach , One Piece , Berserk , Kinnikuman , Attack on Titan and Death Note . Rising Stars of Manga

1728-400: The 12th century and developed from Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga ("Animal-person Caricatures"), went so far as to ukiyo-e ("floating world") in the 17th century. Western-style humour comics and caricatures had been introduced into Japan in the late 19th century and impacted on the styles of comic art. On the other hand, the significant development of modern era Japanese comic art was arising in

1800-487: The 1930s, a specific form of comic, the superhero comic , has been causing a feeding frenzy in America and further impacted on other countries' comic markets. It dominated the publishing industry on comic art, and most of the published comic books were contained one-shot stories rather than serialized stories. A single popular protagonist always centered all the highlights in a superhero comic story. This best-selling model

1872-461: The 20th century, Western alternative comic art was quickly developed as well as 1970s and 1980s' America. Also, America has stirred up a spree of superhero comics since 1930s, and this comic form is still dominating the comic market. In this period, comic strips and magazines were the major reading formats that had been leading the markets. Divergent genres such as humour , caricature , and horror were dominant forms of comics in that time. In

1944-502: The Japanese mean by the term ' cartoon '. Unfortunately, there is no hard-and-fast definition that can be offered, since the members of this association lay claim to an extensive variety of works." Traditionally in order to become a manga artist, one would need to send their work into a competition held by various publishing companies. If they won their work would be published and they would be assigned an editor and officially "debut" as

2016-565: The Japanese society. Harenchi Gakuen was criticized as vulgar because it introduced overt eroticism to children. Male students and teachers were depicted as being preoccupied with catching glimpses of girls' panties or naked bodies. Many parents, women's associations, and PTAs protested. In particular, the PTA protests over Harenchi Gakuen were notorious. Nagai was bombarded with interview requests from newspapers, magazines and TV. Whenever he flew outside of Tokyo, TV cameras were waiting for him. He

2088-550: The Life of Schalken the Painter by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu ) and Kuzureru . A little before that, Nagai would be given the chance to write a full serial of an occult horror story called Demon Lord Dante , which would in turn mark the beginning of his most famous horror work, Devilman . Nagai stated in his autobiographical manga Gekiman! that his aspirations had always been to write more serious science fiction stories, and after

2160-453: The aftermath of World War II and further developed into diversified genres. Nowadays, almost a quarter of all printed materials in Japan are in forms of manga, while the audiences are from all ages. Most modern era one-shot manga ( yomikiri 読み切り ) have independent settings, characters, and storylines, rather than sharing them with existing works. In Japan and other Asian countries, some one-shot manga are more like takeoff boards to determine

2232-629: The basis of verbal agreements). It would start as a yugen kaisha (limited company) and would change to a kabushiki kaisha (stock company) in 1970. The same year of the foundation of Dynamic Pro, Ken Ishikawa joined the company. He would become Nagai's second assistant after Mitsuru Hiruta, who had been working with Nagai since the beginnings of Harenchi Gakuen . He would become one of Nagai's regular partners and his best friend. Ken Ishikawa participated as assistant in Harenchi Gakuen , Abashiri Ikka and Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko , particularly in

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2304-486: The best ones. According to an interview between an Italian gaming website, geekgamer.it and Shadow Hearts video game series creator Matsuzo Machida, the latter was inspired by the works of Go Nagai and Keisuke Fujikawa ( Mazinger Z screenplay). Videogame designer, writer, and director Goichi Suda cites two works of Go Nagai, Violence Jack and Susano Oh as his favorite manga. Approximately seventy-five other series inspired by Devilman were also featured on

2376-450: The changes in Harenchi Gakuen and other series, Nagai remained writing mostly gag comedies, varying only in the thematic. With the success of Harenchi Gakuen and Abashiri Ikka , most editors expected this kind of story from Nagai. This would start to change in 1970, with the one-shot Oni -2889 Nen no Hanran- , which tells a science fiction story set in the year 2889 about a war between the race of Onis (who in this story are treated as

2448-448: The concept of giant mecha . Mazinger was the first manga where a giant robot was piloted by the hero, thus creating one of the biggest staples of the industry. Mazinger is considered the first successful " Super Robot " anime show, and has spawned numerous imitations. Simultaneously to Mazinger , he created one of his most popular manga, Debiruman (デビルマン, Devilman ), about a demonic hero fighting against hordes of demons. This manga

2520-507: The content of Demon Lord Dante . Go Nagai considers the Devilman and Mazinger series to be his life's work due to their massive popularity all over the world. In 1972, Nagai managed the very difficult feat of both drawing and writing five weekly manga publications at the same time, an accomplishment only equalled by other manga artists Shinji Mizushima and George Akiyama . A month later after finishing Devilman , Nagai would create

2592-560: The death of his father. As a child, he was influenced by the work of Gustave Doré (specifically, a Japanese edition of the Divine Comedy ) and Osamu Tezuka (Nagai's brother Yasutaka gave him a copy of Lost World ). He graduated from the Metropolitan Itabashi High School of Tokyo. While passing his ronin year in a prep school in order to earn placement at Waseda University , he suffered

2664-414: The designs for anime adaptations, and similar products, though this duty may also fall to the manga artist or an agent. An example of a manga artist and their editor is Akira Toriyama and Kazuhiko Torishima . A manga artist may both write and illustrate a series of their own creation, or may work together with an author. The manga artist typically has a strong influence on dialog even when paired with

2736-440: The discontinuation of Demon Lord Dante saw Devilman as his chance to break out of the gag manga expectations publishers had of him. In his series Harenchi Gakuen (ハレンチ学園, Shameless School , 1968–1972, Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine) Nagai used eroticism and extreme, graphic violence in kid's manga for the first time in Japan, thus breaking taboos and becoming quite controversial. His use of violence and gross humour

2808-448: The distribution of the magazine in some parts of Japan. As a result of the protests, when the series was about to be cancelled because of the PTA, Nagai changed the theme in Harenchi Gakuen into a more mature and serious matter, from nonsense gags with sexy touches, to a full-scale war where murder was depicted in the bloody way for which many know him. This led to the famous ending of Harenchi Gakuen , symbol of freedom and of rejection of

2880-614: The early market, for example, during the Depression comics were used to increase the sales of newspapers and some other products in the United States. Most of the comics were one-shot comics before the rise of long continuities in newspaper strips . After some early developments, weekly comic magazines became the major way of dissemination in European comic markets. Influenced by the chaos of social revolutions and changings in

2952-401: The genre (in particular Sailor Moon ). Nagai had less success a few years later with Majokko Tickle , a more traditional magical-girl series for younger children, although the accompanying anime was popular on TV in some European countries. In 1980, he received the 4th Kodansha Manga Award for shōnen for Susano OH . Nagai has worked with Shotaro Ishinomori and Ken Ishikawa . He

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3024-523: The hypocrisy, where all students and teachers, while defending their freedom of expression, are killed by the PTA and other parental forces. This was the ironic answer that Nagai gave to the PTA. (In the end, this was not the actual ending of Harenchi Gakuen , as the title would subsequently return to publication for several years.) It was also around that time that he created Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko (ガクエン退屈男), also known as Guerrilla High , another school-themed manga, but this time war between youths and adults

3096-447: The industry as a primary creator. More rarely a manga artist breaks into the industry directly, without previously being an assistant. For example, Naoko Takeuchi , author of Sailor Moon , won a Kodansha Manga Award contest and manga pioneer Osamu Tezuka was first published while studying an unrelated degree, without working as an assistant. A manga artist will rise to prominence through recognition of their ability when they spark

3168-418: The interest of institutions, individuals or a demographic of manga consumers. For example, there are contests which prospective manga artist may enter, sponsored by manga editors and publishers. This can also be accomplished through producing a one-shot . While sometimes a stand-alone manga, with enough positive reception it can be serialized in a weekly, monthly, or quarterly format. They are also recognized for

3240-425: The last one. In parallel with those activities as assistant, he co-produces with Go Nagai what would be in fact his professional debut in manga, Gakuen Bangaichi (1969-09-08 ~ 1970-09-22), and also his second manga, Sasurai Gakuto (1970-01 ~ 1970-05). He temporarily quit Dynamic Productions in 1970. This prompted Nagai to end Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko and the story of this series would be left inconclusive. Even with

3312-574: The manga adaptation of Tomio Sagisu's TV anime Chibikko Kaiju Yadamon (ちびっこ怪獣ヤダモン, "Little Monster Yadamon"), also published in 1967 in the same magazine. A common misconception is that Kuro no Shishi ("Black Lion") was his first manga work; while not entirely false, what Nagai really made two years earlier than Meakashi Polikichi , was only a draft for what would later be Kuro no Shishi , which would not be actually published until 1978. His first works consisted entirely of short gag comedy manga. This would change with Harenchi Gakuen . In less than

3384-539: The manga artist to focus on drawing and inking the characters. Assistants may also be employed to perform specialized artistic tasks. Go Nagai , for instance, at one time employed a specialist to draw helicopters and other military vehicles, Kaoru Mori employed a historical consultant for Emma , and series that incorporates photorealistic architecture , animals, computer-rendered imagery , or other technically demanding effects may employ or contract separate artists trained in those techniques. Assistants almost never help

3456-586: The manga artist with the plot of their manga, beyond being a sounding board for ideas. A manga artist's assistants might be listed in the credits for a manga tankōbon , and short interviews with or illustrations by assistant artists are a common form of bonus material in these collections, but they typically do not receive individual credits. Most manga artists started out as assistants, such as Miwa Ueda to Naoko Takeuchi, Leiji Matsumoto to Osamu Tezuka, Kaoru Shintani to Leiji Matsumoto, and Eiichiro Oda , Hiroyuki Takei and Mikio Itō to Nobuhiro Watsuki , who

3528-458: The manga regularly showed male genitals throughout its run, including a castration scene. His fans supported him throughout the PTA protests. They sent him letters where they expressed how they were aware that the adults cracking down on them were reading raunchier stuff than what Nagai was producing. The protests were not only against the manga, but also against the TV series. The PTA managed to prevent

3600-425: The manga stays up to company standards. Naoki Urasawa compared the relationship between a manga artist and their editor to that of the one between a music producer and a recording artist, specifically citing George Martin 's relationship with The Beatles . The editor may also function as a brand manager and publicist for a series. When a manga is the basis for a media franchise , the editor may also supervise

3672-421: The manga were developed. Harenchi Gakuen is considered as probably the work that has had the most influence in the world of manga at the end of the 1960s, leading the newly born Shōnen Jump magazine to sell millions of copies per week. A scandalous manga in its time, it is a very innocent series by today's standards. At the time of its original publication, however, it met with severe criticism by some parts of

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3744-470: The mid-1990s. In 1970, Go Nagai started a company, Dynamic Productions , to fund his manga and anime ventures. Dynamic Productions' first titles were Getter Robo and Abashiri Ikka (あばしり一家, Abashiri Family ). After Harenchi Gakuen Nagai created the Mazinger Z (マジンガーZ) series, later expanded into Great Mazinger , Grendizer , and - many years later - Mazinkaiser , where he developed

3816-458: The name Satsujinsha (殺刃者(さつじんしゃ)). His professional career began in 1967, despite the opposition of his mother. After working as assistant of Shotaro Ishinomori, his very first professional manga work was Meakashi Polikichi (目明しポリ吉 also 目明かしポリ吉), a very short gag comedy one-shot , published in November 1967 in the magazine Bokura by Kodansha . Almost at the same time, this was followed by

3888-437: The number of manga they run at any given moment. The original Japanese word can be broken down into two parts: manga ( 漫画 ) and ka ( 家 ) . The manga corresponds to the medium of art the artist uses: comics , or Japanese comics, depending on how the term is used inside or outside Japan . The - ka (家) suffix implies a degree of expertise and traditional authorship. For example, this term would not be applied to

3960-596: The popularity among the audience. The format of a one-shot manga could be changed if it has a broad market prospect, so that: The prototype comic works in Western countries were pamphlets , giveaways, or Sunday newspaper comic sections in the 19th century. These were then developed and published as comic magazines which were distributed with the newspapers sales on newsstands . On the other hand, graphic books in America were also viewed as developing from pamphlets that sold on newsstands. Comics were not highly regarded in

4032-458: The storyline, which eventually became another sequel story to the original. This series is called Devilman Lady (デビルマンレディー, Devil Lady in the US ). It was first released as a manga and later animated with some changes. One of Nagai's most popular works outside of his fanbase has been Cutey Honey , considered to be one of the first " magical girl " comics and a major influence on future series in

4104-472: The term incorporates all people working for a manga artist's art studio , but is most commonly used to refer to secondary artists. The number of assistant artists also varies widely between manga artists, but is typically at least three. Other manga artists instead form work groups known as "circles" but do not use additional assistants, such as the creative team CLAMP . A few manga artists have no assistants at all, and prefer to do everything themselves, but this

4176-519: The very beginning, magazines were divided from the comic supplements of newspapers within a decade of their first appearance in America. On the other side of the coin, in Europe, magazine format was developed as a comic supplement of newspapers along European features and never lost the identification. It is worth mentioning that comic art is developing more rapidly during social revolutions, while comic strips were very topical and aimed at all ages. Since

4248-521: Was an annual competition for original English-language one-shot manga, many of which have gone on to become full-length manga series. Some noted manga authors, such as Akira Toriyama and Rumiko Takahashi , have worked on numerous one-shot stories in addition to their serialized works. In the United States , one-shots are usually labeled with a "#1" despite there being no following issues, and are sometimes subtitled as "specials". On occasion,

4320-442: Was branded a "nuisance" and even an "enemy of society". He, however, had a clear sense of what things he could or could not do with the manga. At first, Nagai did not think that the opposition was against him, since he was aware of the standards that applied with movies and similar things for an audience below 18 years old. At that time, he never drew sex scenes, avoided pictures of genitals and made nudes cute rather than sexy, though

4392-529: Was founded by Go Nagai with his brothers in April 1969. Meant to be a group to help him with his works, as a consequence Harenchi Gakuen , where he derived almost no royalties from the TV series, films, or related merchandise, Dynamic Productions became a company established to manage Nagai's relations and contractual rights of his work. Dynamic became one of the first companies to require publishers sign contracts (even today many manga are created and published only on

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4464-399: Was himself an assistant to Takeshi Obata . It is also possible for an assistant to have an entire career as such without becoming an independent manga artist. Assistants, particularly specialists, may work with several different manga artists at the same time, and many assistants also self-publish works of their own in the dōjinshi scene. One-shot (comics) In comics , a one-shot

4536-405: Was invited to be one of the first manga artists publishing in the new magazine. He contemplated this, since he had to design a long-running series instead of the auto-conclusive short stories that he had been developing until that point. He accepted and the series became a big success, being the first for Nagai and making Shōnen Jump sell more than one million copies. With Harenchi Gakuen , Nagai

4608-442: Was noticed by Weekly Shōnen Sunday , which contacted Shotaro Ishinomori . Thanks to some trial manga he created with the help of Yasutaka, Nagai was finally accepted into the studio of Ishinomori in 1965. The trial manga was about a science fiction ninja , and was a prototype for a different story, Kuro no Shishi . Nagai was 19 years old when he made this work; it started at 15 or 16 pages and ended up being 88 pages long after

4680-562: Was one of the characters he drew most as a child.) The story has also inspired stories published after this site was created, such as Tatsuki Fujimoto 's Chainsaw Man . Plans for a museum for Go Nagai were announced in 2005. Go Nagai Wonderland Museum opened in 2009 in Wajima, Ishikawa . The museum burned down after the 2024 Sea of Japan earthquake . Manga artist Most manga artists study at an art college or manga school or take on an apprenticeship with another artist before entering

4752-451: Was published simultaneously alongside an original TV anime under the same name, but due to the difference in age demographics became very different stories. The concepts were initially conceived for the TV series, which would be directed at elementary school age children, and were altered for the manga, which would be published in a shōnen magazine with teenage readers. This allowed Nagai to include violence, nudity, and darker themes closer to

4824-464: Was similar to, and may have influenced, the desert wasteland settings of later post-apocalyptic franchises such as the Australian film series Mad Max (1979 debut) and the Japanese manga and anime series Fist of the North Star ( Hokuto no Ken , 1983 debut). Anime director Hideaki Anno ( Evangelion ) cited Devilman and Mazinger as a source of inspiration for Evangelion during

4896-478: Was the first to introduce eroticism in modern manga and became the creator of modern erotic manga, opened the door to a new era in manga and also became the symbol of an entire generation. This work has influenced Japanese society radically, completely changing the common perceptions of manga. Until Harenchi Gakuen , Japanese manga had been relatively tame affairs, but things soon changed. The manga became so popular that several live-action films and TV series based on

4968-454: Was the main theme. Shortly before that, in 1969, Abashiri Ikka (あばしり一家) was created. Both titles are a direct result of the PTA protests, both being a form of parody of what happened. Abashiri Ikka became a big success, and along with Harenchi Gakuen , the most popular series of Nagai's juvenile period. Thanks to the success of Harenchi Gakuen , Dynamic Productions (ダイナミックプロダクション, also known as Dynamic Production or Dynamic Pro, ダイナミックプロ),

5040-524: Was the turning point in his life. Convinced that he would continue working on manga, he stopped attending school after three months and started living as a ronin . With the help of his brother Yasutaka, he created his first manga works. Despite the fact that his mother opposed his manga aspirations, he submitted his works for publication, accumulating many rejections. It is said that when the young Nagai submitted his tables to publishers, his mother secretly convinced publishers to reject them. However, his work

5112-513: Was very popular when it aired. In Spain, a Mazinger Z statue has been erected in Tarragona . Nagai is credited with pioneering the super robot genre with Mazinger Z and the magical girl genre with Cutie Honey . Violence Jack also created the post-apocalyptic manga and anime genre. Its desert wasteland setting had biker gangs , anarchic violence, ruined buildings, innocent civilians, tribal chiefs, and small abandoned villages. This

5184-519: Was widely loathed in many corners of Japan's society and became a concern for many PTAs at the time. The series temporary ended dramatically when all the characters died during a massacre. This type of content would be a trend in most of Nagai's later work and in those of other directors such as Yoshiyuki Tomino . A Harenchi Gakuen live-action TV series followed in the early 1970s, as well as several other live-action movies and an OVA version ( Heisei Harenchi Gakuen , or "Modern-Day Shameless School") in

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