In public relations and communication science , publics are groups of individual people , and the public (a.k.a. the general public ) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere . The concept of a public has also been defined in political science , psychology , marketing , and advertising. In public relations and communication science, it is one of the more ambiguous concepts in the field. Although it has definitions in the theory of the field that have been formulated from the early 20th century onwards, and suffered more recent years from being blurred, as a result of conflation of the idea of a public with the notions of audience, market segment, community, constituency, and stakeholder.
34-729: Goa University is a public state university headquartered in the city of Panaji , in the Indian state of Goa . The traditions of Goa University date back to the 17th century, with the creation of the first university courses by the Portuguese Empire . However, it was only after the annexation of Goa that the process was consolidated, with the University of Mumbai establishing a Centre for Post-Graduate Instruction and Research (CPIR) in Panaji . The CPIR offered affiliation to
68-431: A public is a population of individuals in association with civic affairs, or affairs of office or state. In social psychology, marketing, and public relations, a public has a more situational definition. John Dewey defined ( Dewey 1927 ) public as a group of people who, in facing a similar problem, recognize it and organize themselves to address it. Dewey's definition of a public is thus situational: people organized about
102-541: A public is distinct from a stakeholder or a market . A public is a subset of the set of stakeholders for an organization, that comprises those people concerned with a specific issue. Whilst a market has an exchange relationship with an organization, and is usually a passive entity that is created by the organization, public does not necessarily have an exchange relationship, and is both self-creating and self-organizing. Publics are targeted by public relations efforts. In this, target publics are those publics whose involvement
136-645: A public is viewed as a condition of political involvement that is not transitory; and " homo narrans ", where a public is (in the words of Gabriel M. Vasquez, assistant professor in the School of Communication at the University of Houston ) a collection of "individuals that develop a group consciousness around a problematic situation and act to solve the problematic situations" ( Vasquez 1993 , pp. 209). Public schools are often under controversy for their "agenda-building," especially in debates over whether to teach
170-500: A religious or secular curriculum. The promotion of an agenda is commonplace whenever one is in a public environment, but schools have exceptional power in that regard. One non-situational concept of a public is that of Kirk Hallahan, professor at Colorado State University , who defines a public as "a group of people who relate to an organization, who demonstrate varying degrees of activity—passivity, and who might (or might not) interact with others concerning their relationship with
204-558: A result of the intersection of human persons , shared technologies, and their practices. University of Bombay University of Mumbai (formerly known as University of Bombay ) is a public state university in Mumbai . It is one of the largest university systems in the world with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. As of 2013 , the university had 711 affiliated colleges. In accordance with " Wood's despatch ", drafted by Sir Charles Wood in 1854,
238-399: A situation. Built upon this situational definition of a public is the situational theory of publics by James E. Grunig ( Grunig 1983 ), which talks of nonpublics (who have no problem), latent publics (who have a problem), aware publics (who recognize that they have a problem), and active publics (who do something about their problem). In public relations and communication theory,
272-427: Is an indoor stadium located on the campus of Goa University. The stadium was constructed for the 2014 Lusophony Games for events of volleyball and basketball . The stadium is named after Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee , the founder of Bhartiya Jana Sangh and former Indian politician. The stadium has a seating capacity of 4,000 and was inaugurated by Governor of Goa Bharat Vir Wanchoo in 2014. It cost 82 crore and
306-812: Is built on the Taleigão plateau and located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) away from the center of the state capital Panaji . Statutory bodies of the university include the university court, executive council, planning board, academic Council and finance committee. Goa University, Goa's only university, is a university of affiliated colleges. 53 affiliated colleges: 29 in general education 24 professional education Enrollment ~27,000, mostly for undergraduate studies Main Campus primarily for post-graduate studies Enrolment ~1,500 Recognised institutions functioning with Goa University recognition are: The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked Goa University in
340-420: Is necessary for achieving organization goals; intervening publics are opinion formers and mediators, who pass information to the target publics; and influentials are publics that the target publics turn to for consultation, whose value judgements are influential upon how a target public will judge any public relations material. The public is often targeted especially in regard to political agendas as their vote
374-508: Is necessary in order to further the progression of the cause. As seen in Massachusetts between 2003 and 2004, it was necessary to "win a critical mass of states and a critical mass of public support" in order to get same-sex marriage passed in the commonwealth. Public relations theory perspectives on publics are situational, per Dewey and Grunig; mass, where a public is simply viewed as a population of individuals; agenda-building, where
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#1732782495217408-662: Is the only such in the entire Indian subcontinent. The university tradition of the Goa University also began during the Portuguese rule , with the installation of several institutions of higher education, the oldest one being the Goa Medical College , dating from 1691, followed by the Mathematical and Military School, founded in 1817, and Goa College of Pharmacy , founded in 1842. These schools (with
442-703: The Homi Bhabha National Institute . Institute of Chemical Technology (then known as the University Department of Chemical Technology, UDCT), was originally a department of MU, which later gained the status of a university. Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute , then known as the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, founded in 1887, was the first Engineering Institute of the University of Mumbai. Thadomal Shahani Engineering College
476-681: The 101–150 rank band among universities in India Established in 1958 based on the collection of the Centre for Post Graduate Instruction and Research, University of Bombay , the university library holds more than 158,000 books. It subscribes to 350 periodicals. It is the repository of several collection of rare books including a collection on Indo-Portuguese history and culture donated by the late P. S. S. Pissurlekar. The Directorate of Art & Culture, Government of Goa , has funded and established six Visiting Research Professorship Chairs at
510-472: The Goa University (GU). The aforementioned law extended the performance of GU to the territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli , which in practice never occurred. It moved to its present 175-hectare (430-acre) campus on the Taleigao Plateau. The main campus of Goa University was designed by painter, sculptor, muralist, graphic designer and architect Satish Gujral . The university
544-901: The Sant Sohirobanath Ambiye in Marathi language and literature was established as a part of tercentenary birth anniversary celebrations of the Goan poet and saint. The Joaquim Heliodoro da Cunha Rivara Chair in Portuguese Studies and Indo-Portuguese Comparative Studies was established in 2016. The complete list of Chairs at the university is as under: Those who have been appointed to these Chairs include Romila Thapar , Madhav Gadgil , Sudhir Kakar , Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai , Shubha Mudgal , Githa Hariharan , Vidya Dehejia , Saurabh Dube , Ishita Banerjee-Dube, Kumkum Roy, etc. . Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Indoor Stadium
578-771: The University of Bombay was established in 1857 after the presentation of a petition from the Bombay Association to the British colonial government in India. The University of Mumbai was modelled on similar universities in the United Kingdom , specifically the University of London . The first departments established were the Faculty of Arts at Elphinstone College in 1835 and the Faculty of Medicine at Grant Medical College in 1845. Both colleges existed before
612-545: The University of Mumbai are a part of vocational institutions and are not located on the four Mumbai campuses. These include the departments of Medicine and Medical Research located in many prominent hospitals in Mumbai, such as the Tata Memorial Hospital , Bombay Hospital and G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital . The Department of Medicine at Tata Memorial Hospital is now affiliated with
646-463: The cost of construction and named the tower in memory of his mother, Rajabai. The tower is 85 m (280 ft) tall and has five storeys. At a height of 9.1 m (30 ft) from the ground, there are eight statues representing the Indian castes. The tower clock is reported to have played 16 tunes including " Rule Britannia ", " God Save the Queen ", " Home! Sweet Home! " and "A Handel Symphony". On
680-608: The establishment of a university in Goa, and recommended its gradual development from the Centre for Post-Graduate Instruction and Research (CPIR) into a full-fledged university over a period of five to ten years. On 1 December 1984, after a long struggle by the pro-autonomy groups in Goa, the Law of the Goa University was signed, which unlinked the CPIR from Mumbai University, and converted it into
714-489: The exception of the Mathematical and Military School, which was abolished in 1871) gradually formed the Goa University when it was founded. Within less than six months after the annexation of Goa , two colleges were started as a result of private initiatives and the government's backing: In the very first year, the number of students who registered in these two colleges added up to 879. Other colleges were soon established: As these institutions and more came into existence,
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#1732782495217748-748: The first colleges that were instituted in Goa in June 1962. Was established under the Goa University Act of 1984 (Act No. 7 of 1984) and commenced operations on 1 June 1985, replacing CPIR. The university offers graduate and post-graduate studies and research programmes. It is currently (2014–19) accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council in India with a rating of A Grade. Is one of India's few universities offering western languages such as Portuguese and French. The university's Department of Portuguese and Lusophone Studies
782-562: The functions and powers of the university were reorganized under The Bombay University Act of 1953. The name of the university was changed from University of Bombay to University of Mumbai in 1996. In 1949, student enrolment was 42,272 with 80 affiliated colleges. By 1975, these numbers had grown to 156,190 and 114 respectively. Examination processes were made more efficient by the introduction of online delivery of question papers for examinations, and assessment of answer books by scanning at remote examination centres. The academic depository of
816-535: The initiative of the then Vice-Chancellor, Rajan Welukar, the first phase of restoration of Rajabai Clock Tower started in 2013 and was completed in May 2015. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) gave a Rs 4 crore grant for this phase of the restoration project. Its jurisdiction extends over 7 districts - Mumbai City district , Mumbai Suburban district , Palghar district , Raigad district , Ratnagiri district , Sindhudurg district , Thane district . Several departments of
850-420: The organization". Samuel Mateus's 2011 paper "Public as Social Experience" considered to view the concept by an alternative point of view: the public "is neither a simple audience constituted by media consumers nor just a rational-critical agency of a Public Sphere". He argued "the concept should also be seen in the light of a publicness principle, beyond a critic and manipulative publicity (...). In accordance,
884-445: The public may be regarded as the result of the social activities made by individuals sharing symbolic representations and common emotions in publicness. Seen with lower-case, the concept is a set of subjectivities who look publicly for a feeling of belonging. So, in this perspective, the public is still a fundamental notion to social life although in a different manner in comparison to 18th century Public Sphere's Public. He means above all
918-706: The question of affiliation surfaced and led to some debate since Goa was a Union Territory, and it was suggested they be affiliated to the Delhi University . However the colleges opted to be affiliated to the Mumbai University and at the request of the Government of Goa , the Centre of Post-Graduate Instruction and Research was started in Goa by the Mumbai University with the support of the Goa administration. The Jha Committee proposed
952-450: The social textures and configurations where successive layers of social experience are built up." Social publics are groups of people united by common ideas, ideology, or hobbies. Networked publics are social publics which have been socially restructured by the networking of technologies. As such, they are simultaneously both (1) the space constructed through networked technologies and (2) the imagined collective which consequently emerges as
986-558: The university was founded and surrendered their degree-granting privileges to the university. The first degrees awarded in 1862 were Bachelor of Arts and Licentiate in Medicine . Medical schools such as Sindh Medical School in Hyderabad, Sindh were affiliated with the university as well. Cornelia Sorabji , who later studied law at Somerville College becoming Oxford 's first female law student and India's first female advocate ,
1020-702: The university was started in collaboration with CDSL in 2015. The university is the first university in the country to start an academic depository. One of Mumbai's landmarks, the Rajabai Clock Tower , was completed in the 1870s and houses the University of Mumbai's library. Sir George Gilbert Scott modeled the Rajabai Clock Tower on the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster in London . Local businessman Premchand Roychand contributed to
1054-439: The university. The first chair was set up in 2007 in memory of D. D. Kosambi during his birth centenary but it remained unoccupied until 2013. Subsequently, chairs were set up in honour of Balakrishna Bhagwant Borkar and Dayanand Bandodkar in 2010 and 2011 respectively, to commemorate their birth centenaries. In 2012, three more chairs were instituted in honour of Mario Miranda , Anthony Gonsalves and Nana Shirgaonkar. In 2014,
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1088-637: Was built in 11 months which is a record for the construction of an indoor stadium of international standard. With a 131-metre (430 ft) sheet, the stadium is Asia's first stadium which has the longest single-sheet roof. Year Public The name "public" originates with the Latin publicus (also poplicus ), from populus , to the English word ' populace ', and in general denotes some mass population ("the people") in association with some matter of common interest. So in political science and history,
1122-672: Was the first Engineering college in the University of Mumbai to start courses in Computer Engineering , Information Technology , Electronics Engineering and Biomedical Engineering . Jawaharlal Nehru Library (JNL) is the central library, located on the campus at Kalina. As of May 2019, it desperately needs restoration. Internationally, the University of Mumbai was ranked 751-760 in the QS World University Rankings of 2024 and 291–300 in Asia. It
1156-419: Was the university's first female graduate in 1888. Until 1904, the university only conducted examinations, awarded affiliations to colleges, developed curricula, and produced guidelines for colleges developing curricula. Teaching departments, research disciplines, and post-graduate courses were introduced from 1904, and several additional departments were established. After India achieved independence in 1947,
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