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25-699: Although it is known that Goffriller was born in Brixen , little else is known of him prior to 1685 in Venice . Goffriller arrived in Venice in 1685 to work for luthier Martin Kaiser (Caiser). In 1685 he married Martin Kaiser's daughter Maddalena Maria Kaiser (Caiser), at the Madonna delle Grazie in Venice; they had twelve children (five boys and seven girls) in 26 years. Francesco Goffriller , long thought to be his brother,

50-704: A Western Part, which meet at the Penser Joch . The Eastern Part has got various minor ridges. The Southern half (south to Kassianspitze ) is compared to the surrounding ranges not that elevated, its highest peaks are Villanderer Berg (2509m) and Rittner Horn (2260m), further south it becomes the Ritten. The northern has got the Tatschspitze (2528 m ), Tagewaldhorn (2708 m ), Jakobsspitze (2742 m ), Schrotthorn (2590 m ), Plankenhorn (2543 m ) Kassianspitze (2581 m ). The biggest minor ridge of

75-489: A modern conjecture suggests he died of malaria. On 15 June 1080, at the request of Henry III, the synod of Brixen condemned Pope Gregory VII over the Investiture Controversy , a conflict during the 11th and 12th centuries over the ability to appoint bishops. In 1115, a first line of walls encircling Brixen was completed. In 1174, and later again in 1234 and 1445, Brixen was devastated by fires. During

100-654: Is 45 km to the north of Brixen, and Bolzano lies 40 km to the south. To the east lies the Plose mountain massif with three peaks, the closest of which being the Telegraph peak (Monte Telegrafo) (2,486 m), formally known as Fröllspitze. On the western side, there is the Königsangerspitze mountain (Monte Pascolo) (2,439 m) and the Pfeffersberg slope (Monteponente), both of which are located within

125-658: Is a town and commune in South Tyrol , northern Italy , located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Bolzano . Brixen is the third-largest city and oldest town in the province, with a population of nearly twenty-three thousand. It is located at the confluence of the Eisack and Rienz rivers, and today it is the capital of the Eisack district community. The Brenner Pass , on the Italian- Austrian border,

150-516: Is now known to have been his son. He was the founder of the " Venetian School " of luthiers, when Venice was one of the most important centers of musical activity in the world, and is believed to have taught luthiers Domenico Montagnana and Francesco Gobetti in addition to his son Francesco . After arriving in Venice, he is noted for being the city's sole violin and cello maker for some 25 years, between 1685 and 1710. He died in Venice in 1742. Goffriller's cellos had been erroneously attributed in

175-769: The Brenner Pass . Brixen is twinned with: [REDACTED] Media related to Brixen at Wikimedia Commons Sarntal Alps The Sarntal Alps ( German : Sarntaler Alpen , Italian : Alpi Sarentine ) are a mountain range of the Eastern Rhaetian Alps , in South Tyrol ( Italy ), which surrounds the Sarntal (valley). It is limited by the Etschtal , Eisacktal, Passeiertal and the Jaufen Pass . The Sarntal Alps are divided into an Eastern and

200-624: The Brenner Railway , which connects the town to Verona and Innsbruck . It has an individual fare structure for public transport within the Tirol-Südtirol zone. Italy Germany/Austria/South Tyrol (D for Germany, A for Austria) On 11 December 2016, ÖBB took over Deutsche Bahn's night trains. The Munich-Milan service was withdrawn. By road, the town has two exits on the Brenner Autobahn that connects Brixen to

225-834: The German mediatisation in 1802, Brixen was awarded to the Austrian Empire , only to be ceded to the Bavarians in 1805 after the Austrians suffered a great loss to Napoleon and his Allies at the Battle of Austerlitz . The Bavarians set up the District Court of Brixen , a regional judicial and administrative court for South Tyrol. The court only lasted nine years before in 1814, the Congress of Vienna returned Brixen to

250-741: The Sarntal Alps . Brixen is especially known for its skiing, with a major ski resort, the Plose . Brixen is made up of about 22 smaller villages and hamlets called frazioni . They include: Afers/Eores, Albeins/Albes, Elvas, Gereuth/Caredo, Karnol/Cornale, Klerant/Cleran, Kranebitt/Costa d'Elvas, Mahr/Elvas La Mara, Mairdorf/Villa, Mellaun/Meluno, Milland/Millan, Pairdorf/Perara, Pinzagen/Pinzago, Plabach/Rivapiana, Rutzenberg/Monte Ruzzo, Sarns/Sarnes, St. Andrä/Sant'Andrea, St. Leonhard/San Leonardo, Tils/Tiles, Tötschling/Tecelinga, Tschötsch/Scezze, and Untereben. The area of Brixen has been settled since

275-631: The Upper Paleolithic ( 8th millennium BC ). Other settlements from the late Stone Age have been found and in 15 BC, the area was conquered by the Romans , who had their main settlement in the nearby Säben (Sabiona). They held it until around 590, when it was occupied by Bavarians . The first mention of Brixen dates to 901 in a document issued by the King of Germany, Louis III the Child , in which

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300-494: The Austrians attempted to reclaim South Tyrol but were unsuccessful. After the war, Austria deemed the post-war treaty to be unsatisfactory, raising The South Tyrolean Question ( Die Südtirolfrage ). The Austrians believed, along with the South Tyroleans, that the region should be autonomous to protect minorities. South Tyrol has 69.4% native German-speaking population, and a 4.5% native Ladin -speaking population, with

325-805: The Austrians. Some time between 1851 and 1855, the Czech journalist and writer Karel Havlíček Borovský was exiled to Brixen by the Austrian government. In 1866, after the Austro-Prussian War , the Austrians were on the verge of collapse. In 1867 the Austro-Hungarian Compromise was arranged. This established a dual monarchy comprising Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary, which were respectively known unofficially as Cisleithania and Transleithania. South Tyrol, including Brixen,

350-819: The Latin inscription Mattheus Goffriller Fece in Venezia Anno [date] , identifying maker, city (Venice) and year made; the date is either printed or handwritten. But he actually labeled only a small percentage of the instruments in order to avoid paying Venetian taxes. Mattheus Goffriller feciebat Venetus, anno 1735 Mattio Gofrilleri in Venetia al' Insigna di Cremona. 1695 Mattio Goffriler Fece in Venezia. Anno 1709 Mattio Goffriller Fece in Venetia. 1721 Matteo Goffriller fecit Venetijis anno 17-- Pablo Casals 's Goffriller 1733 cello

375-752: The Sarntal Alps is the Middle Ridge, beginning at the Hörtlanerspitze (2660m), it limites the Durnholztal . Its most known peaks are Gentersbergspitze (2411 m ), Hoferspitze (2438 m ) and Leiterspitze (2375 m ), which is its last peak. The other minor ridge to the west is the Getrumkamm, with its peaks Plankenhorn (2589 m ) and Getrumspitze. The minor ridges on the Eisack side are due to Flaggertal and Schalderer Tal. Limited to

400-654: The farm of Prihsna was presented to Bishop Zacharias of Säben . As time passed, 'Prihsna' turned into the current name of Brixen. The bishops moved here from Säben in 992, after the cathedral had been finished. In 1048, the Bishop of Brixen , Poppo , was made pontiff as Pope Damasus II by emperor Henry III . His reign was especially short, lasting only 23 days before dying. Rumours circulated that Poppo had been poisoned by Gerhard Brazutus, an ally to both Pope Benedict IX , whom Poppo had just dethroned, and to be Pope Gregory VII . These claims have not proven to be substantial and

425-458: The latter lived the adventurer and minstrel Oswald von Wolkenstein . According to the 2011 census, the majority of the population speaks German as first language (72.82%). The remainder of the inhabitants speak Italian and Ladin as first languages, with percentages of 25.84% and 1.34%, respectively. The rock band, Frei.Wild , has its origin in Brixen. Brixen has a railway station on

450-538: The north by Flaggertal and to the south by Schalderer Tal exists a ridge with Karspitze (2517 m ) as its highest peak and limited to the north by Schalderer Tal exists a ridge with Lorenzispitze (2483 m ) and Königsangerspitze (2439 m ). The southern half is not that elevated, it is called Tschöggelberg. Its middle part consists of the highest mountains, that among the Hirzer (2781m), Alplerspitze (2750m), Hönigsspitze (2698m) and Plattinger Spitze (2670m). More to

475-461: The past to the Guarneri family , Carlo Bergonzi or even Antonio Stradivari and were virtually unknown until the 1920s, when they began to be discovered. The 1733 Goffriller cello once owned by Pablo Casals was originally attributed to Bergonzi. His earliest authenticated instrument is a viola da gamba dated 1689. The standard label for a Goffriller instrument, whether genuine or forged, uses

500-465: The two languages making up a majority in 111 out of the 116 municipalities in South Tyrol. In 1972, South Tyrol, as a part of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , was granted autonomy. The oldest coat of arms dates back to 1297 with the lamb, known then from 1304 as a symbol of the lamb. On 13 November 1928, a shield with the city walls and a gate on the lawn in the upper half and the lamb in the lower

525-668: The west, there is the Ifinger . The most notable mountains of the northern part are the Penser Weißhorn (2705 m ), Zinseler (2422 m ), Jaufenspitze (2481 m ), Hochwart (2748 m ) and Ötsch (2592m). The churchhouse Latzfonser Kreuz  [ de ] is one of the highest located (2,311m) places of pilgrimage in South Tyrol. At the southern side of the Ritten, the natural phenomenum of hoodoo can be seen. [REDACTED] Media related to Sarntal Alps at Wikimedia Commons This Italian location article

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550-509: Was adopted. The emblem is a turned argent lamb with an or halo on a gules background; the right foreleg supports a flag with a gules cross. The emblem was granted in 1966. Outside the city is Rodeneck Castle , one of the most powerful of its time. It has precious frescoes from the early 13th century. Also important are Reifenstein Castle and Trostburg Castle in Waidbruck . In

575-461: Was awarded to Italy by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye . Under Mussolini, Brixen and the surrounding villages experienced an enormous growth, as part of the fascist effort to consolidate territorial subdivisions in the country. In 1928, this included the addition of Milland, Sarns, and Albeins, as well as Elvas and Kranebitt which were annexed from Natz , a neighbouring municipality. During WW2,

600-824: Was his main concert instrument for most of his professional life. He acquired it in 1913 and played it until his death in 1973. Since 2000, winners of the International Pablo Casals Cello Competition in Kronberg , Germany may use it for two years. Terence Weil played another Goffriller used by Casals before the one he played between 1913 and 1973. Other notable musicians who have used Goffriller instruments include: ==References== Brixen Brixen ( German pronunciation: [ˈbrɪksn̩] ; Italian : Bressanone , [bressaˈnoːne] ; Ladin : Porsenù or Persenon , pronounced [pəʀsəˈnɔŋ] )

625-520: Was part of Cisleithania. In 1915, the Treaty of London was concluded. Its objective was, in part, to entice Italy to join the Triple Entente . One provision, Article 4, promised the Italians the largely German-speaking Austrian territory of South Tyrol , which would create a new Italian-Austrian frontier. In 1919, after the victories of the allies, Brixen, along with the rest of South Tyrol,

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