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53-573: Golden Mask may refer to: Awards [ edit ] Golden Mask (Russian award) , a Russian theatre festival and award Guldmasken (in English: The Golden Mask ), a Swedish theatre award Masque d’Or , a French prize for amateur productions awarded every four years by the Fédération Nationale des Compagnies de Théâtre amateur et d’Animation Złota Maska ( pl ),

106-430: A Polish theatre award Film and TV [ edit ] Złota Maska , Polish film 1939, the title is translated as "Golden Mask" South of Algiers (U.S. title The Golden Mask (film) ), a British adventure film 1953 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Golden Mask . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

159-720: A head in March when Russian president Boris Yeltsin suddenly dismissed Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin and his entire cabinet on 23 March 1998. Yeltsin named Energy Minister Sergei Kiriyenko , then 35 years old, as acting prime minister. On 29 May 1998, Yeltsin appointed Boris Fyodorov as Head of the State Tax Service. In an effort to prop up the currency and stem the capital flight, in June, Kiriyenko hiked GKO interest rates to 150%. A $ 22.6 billion International Monetary Fund and World Bank financial package

212-527: A high fixed exchange rate between the ruble and foreign currencies to avoid public turmoil, fatal financial imprudence, and a chronic fiscal deficit led to the crisis. The economic cost of the first war in Chechnya took a significant toll on the Russian economy. In early 1995, it was estimated that the war was costing Russia close to $ 30 million per day. Following the cessation of hostilities in 1996, it

265-497: A new policy. Both Russia and the countries that exported to it experienced fiscal deficits. The countries that exported to it used their resources for production but did not get paid for all their production. In essence, their national income could not cover their national expenses (for Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan ). Russia’s unemployment rate was not sharply impacted since it was only 13 percent. The employment policy in Kazakhstan

318-527: A nomination for lighting and costume designers was added to the competitive program. In 2013, a nomination for Supporting roles was introduced. In addition to the spring Moscow festival and the award ceremony, the Golden Mask included annual tours of the best Russian productions all over the country and in the Baltic states, occasionally reaching other European countries like Poland and Israel . By 2013,

371-449: A political crisis as Yeltsin, with his domestic support evaporating, had to contend with an emboldened opposition in the parliament. A week later, on 23 August 1998, Yeltsin fired Kiriyenko and declared his intention of returning Chernomyrdin to office as the country slipped deeper into economic turmoil. Powerful business interests, fearing another round of reforms that might cause leading enterprises to fail, welcomed Kiriyenko's fall, as did

424-543: A run on the Central Bank. Investors fled the market by selling rubles and Russian assets (such as securities), which also put downward pressure on the ruble. This forced the Central Bank to spend its foreign reserves to defend Russia's currency, which in turn further eroded investor confidence and undermined the ruble. It is estimated that between 1 October 1997 and 17 August 1998, the Central Bank expended approximately $ 27 billion of its U.S. dollar reserves to maintain

477-501: Is not nominated for the main category, then individual works in private categories such as Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, etc., cannot be awarded. In 2017, upon the demise of Taratorkin, Igor Kostolevsky took over as president of the Golden Mask. That year, in the special programme ‘Golden Mask in Cinema’ 4 plays were shown on the big screen in 60 cities. Over the years, about 200 theatre and music critics have been experts at

530-656: The Communists . Yeltsin, who began to lose his hold on power as his health deteriorated, wanted Chernomyrdin back, but the legislature refused to give its approval. After the Duma rejected Chernomyrdin's candidacy twice, Yeltsin, his power clearly on the wane, backed down. Instead, he nominated Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov , who was approved by the State Duma by an overwhelming majority on 11 September 1998. Primakov's appointment restored political stability because he

583-593: The Trans-Siberian Railway . By 1 August 1998, there was approximately $ 12.5 billion in debt owed to Russian workers. On 14 August, the exchange rate of the Russian ruble to the US dollar was still 6.29. In June 1998, despite the bailout, monthly interest payments on Russia's debt rose to a figure 40 percent higher than its monthly tax collections. Additionally, on 15 July 1998, the State Duma , which

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636-569: The devaluation , which caused a steep increase in the prices of imported goods. Also, since Russia's economy was operating to such a large extent on barter and other non-monetary instruments of exchange, the financial collapse had far less of an impact on many producers than it would have had the economy been dependent on a banking system. Finally, the economy was helped by an infusion of cash. As enterprises were able to pay off debts in back wages and taxes, consumer demand for goods and services produced by Russian industry began to rise. The crisis

689-638: The ruble crisis or the Russian flu ) began in Russia on 17 August 1998. It resulted in the Russian government and the Russian Central Bank devaluing the ruble and defaulting on its debt . The crisis had severe impacts on the economies of many neighboring countries. The Russian economy had set up a path for improvement after the Soviet Union had split into different countries. Russia

742-827: The "floating peg" policy and float the ruble freely. By 21 September, the exchange rate reached 21 rubles for one US dollar, meaning it lost two-thirds of its value of less than a month earlier. On 28 September, Boris Fyodorov was discharged from the position of the Head of the State Tax Service. The moratorium imposed by the Joint Statement expired on 15 November 1998, and the Russian government and Central Bank did not renew it. Following Russia's default in August, Ukraine also defaulted one month later, in September 1998. Moldova also defaulted in 1998, but ended its default by

795-428: The 1997 ceremony the best in the Golden Mask's history: after ten years everyone still remembered it and talked about it. In 1999, the section ‘Operetta/Musical’ was added, a year later — ‘Contemporary Dance’. In 2001, the competition of dramatic performances was divided into ‘Large Form Performance’ and ‘Small Form Performance’. With time, the award grew to be the most important event in the Russian theatre world. In

848-534: The 2000s and the 2010s, it was completely independent and equally distanced from the government, ministerial, sponsoring circles and the Theatre Union. In 2002, Sberbank became the general sponsor of the festival. For the only time, in 2003 the ceremony was held outside Moscow: in honour of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg , the Mariinsky theatre was chosen as the venue. In 2005, Boyakov left

901-436: The Central Bank aimed to maintain a band of 5.3 to 7.1 RUB/USD, meaning that it would buy rubles if the market exchange rate threatened to exceed 7.1 rubles/dollar. Similarly, it would sell rubles if the market exchange rate threatened to drop below 5.3. The inability of the Russian government to implement a coherent set of economic reforms led to a severe erosion in investor confidence and a chain reaction that can be likened to

954-547: The Dunes by Omsk State Academic Drama Theater. The ceremony itself caused a wave of criticism. The idea of the ceremony, designed by Vladimir Mirzoyev , was ‘the funeral of the theatre in the XX century’. The hosts Yuliya Rutberg and Sergei Makovetsky were dressed as gravediggers, Oksana Mysina delivered monologues on behalf of the ghost of Alisa Koonen . In an interview to Izvestiya newspaper, Alexander Kalyagin , Chairman of

1007-543: The Golden Mask, and almost 500 professionals have served on the jury. The non-competitive projects of the award include ‘Golden Mask Online’, in 2021 broadcasts of this programme were watched by more than 900 thousand viewers. The list of nominees for the 2020-21 season included 81 performances by 67 theatres from 17 Russian cities. The 2020-2021 season was marked by a record number of nominees: 81 performances, 67 theatres, and 290 individual nominations among more than 1,150 productions reviewed by expert councils. By that time,

1060-643: The Russian Federation, sharply criticized the Golden Mask: in his opinion, the award supported productions that ‘obviously contradicted moral norms, obviously provoke society, obviously contain elements of Russophobia, contempt for the history of our country, and deliberately go beyond moral boundaries’. He also expressed doubts that the state, represented by the Ministry of Culture, and the sponsor, represented by Sberbank , should financially support

1113-464: The Russian government and the Central Bank of Russia issued a "Joint Statement" announcing, in essence, that: On 17 August, the government declared that certain state securities, such as GKOs and OFZs, would be transformed into new securities. At the same time, in addition to widening the currency band, authorities also announced that they intended to allow the RUB/USD rate to move more freely within

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1166-693: The Union of Theatre Workers of the Russian Federation, admitted the fiasco with the 1997 ceremony but stressed that the Omsk theatre play had merited the awards it received. He said that he wanted ‘the Golden Masks to go further and further away from Moscow, and not only to settle in the capital's theatres. I wish that there would be discoveries, new names of talented artists, directors, and painters... I am sure there are such names in our vast country’. Despite all criticism, in 2006 Boyakov confirmed that he considered

1219-429: The award had been given in 37 categories. In December 2022, Revyakina, who in early 2022 signed an open letter of theatre professionals against the invasion of Ukraine , was dismissed from her position. In August 2023, the Union of Theatre Workers announced that it would withdraw from the autonomous non-profit organization Golden Mask Award and Festival and would create its independent award and festival. By September of

1272-565: The award was announced by Mikhail Ulyanov and Vladimir Urin at a press conference at the Union of Theatre Workers of Russia on the 14th of December, 1994. Georgy Taratorkin became the award's president (he served in this post until his demise in 2017). The award was meant to be non-commercial, with the winners receiving only the trophy mask and a diploma. Ulyanov believed that it should be an independent professional award, given for theatrical achievements, ‘from colleagues to colleagues’. Initially

1325-494: The award was focused only on Moscow theatre, the first awards (7 Masks for the 1993-94 season) were presented in 1995. The award was designed by Oleg Sheyncis  [ ru ] in 1993. As confessed by the artist, he used masks of the Venezian Carnival as an inspiration and added to it an element of the Russian state symbolism, the two-headed eagle. Sheyncis created the first seven pieces in papier-mâché for

1378-405: The award. Amidst the worst financial crisis of modern Russia a team of only 10 people worked on sheer enthusiasm, organizing the award without any sponsorship or government support. In February 1996, the Union of Theatre Workers announced the expansion of the award to an all-Russia level. However, it seemed impossible for the jury to attend the plays in remote areas of the country, while only in

1431-553: The dissolution of the Golden Mask Award Board as being created under the strong influence of the Ministry of Culture. As a result, ‘Tannhäuser’, which received most of the nominations for the Golden Mask, did not go to the festival in Moscow and by the time of the award ceremony had disappeared from the nominees. Kirill Serebrennikov and his Gogol Center publicly refused to participate in the award because some of

1484-478: The end of April, the management team grew to 30 while the number of participants exceeded 5000. Nomination of the scandalous ‘ Tannhäuser ’ staged by Timofey Kulyabin in Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre sparked another major scandal, for the first time the scandal went beyond the boundaries of the professional community and became public. Vladimir Aristarkhov, First Deputy Minister of Culture of

1537-580: The end of the year, whereas Russia and Ukraine remained in default until 2000. Russian inflation in 1998 reached 84 percent and welfare costs grew considerably. Many banks, including Inkombank , Oneximbank, and Tokobank, closed as a result of the crisis. Bankers Trust suffered major losses in the summer of 1998 due to the bank having a large position in Russian government bonds, but avoided financial collapse by being acquired by Deutsche Bank for $ 10 billion in November 1998. This made Deutsche Bank

1590-401: The festival included competitive and non-competitive programmes. The competitive part included such sections as Drama, Puppetry, Ballet, Opera, Dance, Musical, Opera, New Names, etc. The non-competitive program included sections MaskaPlus, New Play, Context (for foreign plays), Mariinsky 's Premieres, and many more. In 2016, the festival spanned for three months, from the beginning of February to

1643-402: The festival’. On 29 May 2015, the independent trade union of theatre and cinema actors, chaired by Denis Kiris, sent a letter to Culture Minister Vladimir Medinsky , in which it also criticized the Golden Mask. State functionaries Nikolai Burlyayev , Pavel Pozhigaylo  [ ru ] described the award as immoral. An open letter signed by 93 critics from 12 regions of Russia demanded

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1696-417: The first ceremony, each mask took him a month to craft (later the masks were made of ceramics). In 1996, Eduard Boyakov  [ ru ] took over the management of the festival. As recalled by Natalia Nikolaeva, the award's director of public relations in 1998-2005, Boyakov was the main figure behind the future success of the Golden Mask. In 1996 drama, puppet theatre, opera and ballet were included in

1749-654: The first time, no plays were brought to Moscow. No awards were presented in eight categories at the 2024 ceremony, notably, in Drama Theater category for Best Playwright, the one that had been won by ‘Finist the Brave Falcon’ by Evgenia Berkovich and Svetlana Petriychuk and for which both women were arrested in 2023 on allegations of justifying terrorism. [REDACTED] Media related to Golden Mask Award at Wikimedia Commons 1998 Russian financial crisis The Russian financial crisis (also called

1802-512: The floating peg. It was later revealed that about $ 5 billion of the international loans provided by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund were stolen upon the funds' arrival in Russia on the eve of the meltdown. On 17 August 1998, the Russian government devalued the ruble, defaulted on domestic debt , and declared a moratorium on repayment of foreign debt . On that day

1855-461: The fourth-largest money management firm in the world after UBS , Fidelity Investments , and the Japanese post office's life insurance fund. The main effect of the crisis on Russian agricultural policy has been a dramatic drop in federal subsidies to the sector, about 80 percent in real terms compared with 1997, though subsidies from regional budgets fell less. The financial collapse resulted in

1908-401: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golden_Mask&oldid=1087093962 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Golden Mask (Russian award) The establishment of

1961-478: The members of its expert council had written denunciations and libels against him and his theatre. Following numerous discussions, public hearings and meetings of the working group specially created by the Union of Theatre Workers and the Ministry of Culture, the new ‘Regulations on the Golden Mask Award and Festival’ were published on 4 April 2016. According to the new document, if the entire production

2014-541: The reference exchange rate for transactions involving the Russian ruble and foreign currencies. From 17 to 25 August 1998, the ruble steadily depreciated on the MICEX, moving from 6.43 to 7.86 RUB/USD. On 26 August 1998, the Central Bank terminated dollar-ruble trading on the MICEX, and the MICEX did not fix a ruble-dollar rate that day. On 2 September 1998, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation decided to abandon

2067-512: The same year, a new legal entity of the festival and a new directorate were formed. In December 2023 Vladimir Mashkov became the president of the Golden Mask, Igor Krok became the vice president. Mashkov announced new priorities of the award: to restore the trust of the professional community, the State and sponsors. According to the amended regulations of the award, the lists of candidates for expert councils and juries will have to be formed within

2120-507: The season 1996-97 250 premieres took place in Russia. That is why the management decided to select all-Russian nominees for the award among the winners of regional and thematic festivals and from the repertoire of the Theatre of Nations . The results of the 1997 Golden Mask sparked a major scandal among critics, theatre professionals, and all parties involved, including the Ministry of Culture: four awards in main nominations went to The Woman in

2173-406: The team and was succeeded by Maria Revyakina  [ ru ] whom he chose himself as a long-time colleague who shared his vision. Under Revyakina, the Golden Mask kept growing. The budget for the ceremony in 2005 reached $ 100,000. In 2007, the Ministry of Culture became a co-operator of the Golden Mask and put forward the requirement to include its candidates in the expert council. In 2008,

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2226-409: The time, Russia employed a "floating peg" policy toward the ruble, meaning that the Central Bank decided that at any given time the ruble-to-dollar (or RUB/USD) exchange rate would stay within a particular range. If the ruble threatened to devalue outside of that range (or "band"), the Central Bank would intervene by spending foreign reserves to buy rubles. For instance, during the year before the crisis,

2279-425: The union, approved by its head and coordinated with the Ministry of Culture, while associations, guilds and other unions of theatre professionals will be deprived of the right to nominate candidates. The Union of Theatre Workers also plans to shorten the list of nominations. The long-list of the nominees for 2022-23 included 94 performances of drama theatre and puppet theatre and 21 performances of musical theatre. For

2332-531: The wider band. At the time, the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (or "MICEX") set a daily "official" exchange rate through a series of interactive auctions based on written bids submitted by buyers and sellers. When the buy and sell prices matched, this "fixed" or "settled" the official MICEX exchange rate, which would then be published by Reuters. The MICEX rate was (and is) commonly used by banks and currency dealers worldwide as

2385-421: Was also suffering from a poor harvest, appealed for international humanitarian aid, including food. Russia bounced back from the August 1998 financial crash with surprising speed. Much of the reason for the recovery is that world oil prices increased rapidly during 1999–2000 and Russia ran a large trade surplus in 1999 and 2000. Another reason is that domestic industries, such as food processing, had benefited from

2438-470: Was approved on 13 July 1998 to support reforms and stabilize the Russian market by swapping out an enormous volume of the quickly maturing GKO short-term bills into long-term Eurobonds . The Russian government decided to keep the exchange rate of the ruble within a narrow band, although many economists, including Andrei Illarionov , urged the government to abandon its support of the ruble. On 12 May 1998, coal miners went on strike over unpaid wages, blocking

2491-462: Was at the time dominated by left-wing parties, refused to adopt most of the government's anti-crisis plan, so the government was forced to rely on presidential decrees . On 29 July, Yeltsin interrupted his vacation in Valdai Hills region and flew to Moscow, prompting fears of a Cabinet reshuffle, but he only replaced Federal Security Service Chief Nikolay Kovalyov with Vladimir Putin . At

2544-538: Was checked on November 9, 1998, to give freely chosen employment. The employment in Tajikistan has not improved much since the 1990s, so exactly how the crisis affected employment in 1998 remains a question. The GDP per capita was one of the lowest after 1996 for Tajikistan. Russia's vast amount of mineral and natural resources allowed it to export those, pay back its debt, and then increase foreign reserves to revalue its currency. The crisis happened because Russia

2597-630: Was estimated that the war in Chechnya cost Russia $ 5.5 billion, causing budget deficits close to 10% of their GDP . In the first half of 1997, the Russian economy showed some signs of improvement. However, soon after this, the problems began to gradually intensify. Two external shocks, the Asian financial crisis that had begun in 1997 and the following declines in demand for (and thus price of) crude oil and nonferrous metals , severely impacted Russian foreign exchange reserves . A political crisis came to

2650-520: Was not able to pay back its debt. Since Russia had to provide assistance to other countries it had parted from after the dissolution of the USSR, it did so by importing heavily from those countries. It continued to import without any check on whether it had enough revenues to pay for them. In 1995, the IMF tried to help Russia stabilize by making an emergency loan, but it was unsuccessful. Declining productivity,

2703-522: Was praised by James Cook , the senior vice president of The U.S. Russia Investment Fund , on the basis that it taught Russian bankers to diversify their assets. Economist Anders Åslund credits the 1998 financial crisis with providing the decisive push towards real market economy in Romania and most of the post-Soviet countries (which, until then, had only liberalized slowly and partially). For instance, Romania's first major privatization along with

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2756-568: Was seen as a compromise candidate able to heal the rifts between Russia's quarreling interest groups. There was popular enthusiasm for Primakov as well. Primakov promised to make payment of wages and pensions his government's first priority and invited members of the leading parliamentary factions into his Cabinet. Communists and the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia staged a nationwide strike on 7 October 1998 and called on President Yeltsin to resign. On 9 October 1998, Russia, which

2809-433: Was supposed to provide assistance to the former Soviet states and, as a result, imported heavily from them. In Russia, foreign loans financed domestic investments. When it was unable to pay back those foreign borrowings, the ruble devalued. In mid-1997, Russia had finally found a way out of inflation. The economic supervisors were happy about inflation coming to a standstill. Then the crisis hit, and supervisors had to implement

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