31-659: The Gomti , Gumti or Gomati River is a tributary of the Ganges . According to Hindu belief, the river is the daughter of Rishi Vashishtha and bathing in the Gomti on Ekadashi (the 11th day of the two lunar phases of the Hindu calendar month) can wash away sins. According to the Bhagavata Purana , one of Hinduism's major religious works, Gomti is one of the five transcendental rivers of India. The rare Gomti Chakra
62-440: A cataract into another becomes the upper fork, and the one it descends into, the lower ; or by relative volume: the smaller stream designated the little fork, the larger either retaining its name unmodified, or receives the designation big . Tributaries are sometimes listed starting with those nearest to the source of the river and ending with those nearest to the mouth of the river . The Strahler stream order examines
93-461: A sea or ocean . Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they flow, drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater , leading the water out into an ocean. The Irtysh is a chief tributary of the Ob river and is also the longest tributary river in the world with a length of 4,248 km (2,640 mi). The Madeira River is the largest tributary river by volume in
124-637: A tree data structure . Sabarmati River The Sabarmati River is one of the major west-flowing rivers in India. It originates in the Aravalli Range of the Udaipur District of Rajasthan and meets the Gulf of Khambhat of Arabian Sea after travelling 371 km (231 mi) in a south-westerly direction across Rajasthan and Gujarat . 48 km (30 mi) of the river length
155-406: A West Fork as well (now filled in). Forks are sometimes designated as right or left. Here, the handedness is from the point of view of an observer facing upstream. For instance, Steer Creek has a left tributary which is called Right Fork Steer Creek. These naming conventions are reflective of the circumstances of a particular river's identification and charting: people living along the banks of
186-414: A forking of the stream to the right and to the left, which then appear on their charts as such; or the streams are seen to diverge by the cardinal direction (north, south, east, or west) in which they proceed upstream, sometimes a third stream entering between two others is designated the middle fork; or the streams are distinguished by the relative height of one to the other, as one stream descending over
217-439: A river, with a name known to them, may then float down the river in exploration, and each tributary joining it as they pass by appears as a new river, to be given its own name, perhaps one already known to the people who live upon its banks. Conversely, explorers approaching a new land from the sea encounter its rivers at their mouths, where they name them on their charts, then, following a river upstream, encounter each tributary as
248-625: A village in Sitapur district . A major tributary is the Sai River , which joins the Gomti near Jaunpur . The Markandey Mahadeo temple is at the confluence of the Gomti and the Ganges. After 190 kilometres (120 mi) the Gomti enters Lucknow , meandering through the city for about 30 kilometres (19 mi) and supplying its water. In the Lucknow area, 25 city drains pour untreated sewage into
279-422: Is a seasonal river whose flows are dominated by the monsoon, with little or no flows post-monsoon. An average flow of 33 m (1,200 cu ft) per second was measured at Ahmedabad during the period 1968–1979. Over the past century, the flood of August 1973 is considered to be the largest flood, when a flow of 14,150 m (500,000 cu ft) per second was measured at Dharoi. In Rajasthan , it
310-529: Is believed that the Sabarmati River originated due to the penance of ascetic Kashyapa on Mount Abu . His penance had pleased Shiva and in return, Shiva gave ascetic Kashyapa the Ganges River. The Ganges River flowed from Shiva's hair onto Mount Abu and became the Sabarmati River. In another legend surrounding the origin of the river, Shiva brought the goddess Ganga to Gujarat and that caused
341-612: Is found there. It meets a small river, the Gaihaaee, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from its origin. The Gomti is a narrow stream until it reaches Mohammadi Kheri, a tehsil of Lakhimpur Kheri district (about 68 kilometres (42 mi)from its origin), where it is joined by tributaries such as the Sukheta, Choha and Andhra Choha. The river is then well-defined, with the Kathina tributary joining it at Mailani and Sarayan joining it at
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#1732765025199372-577: Is in Rajasthan, while 323 km (201 mi) is in Gujarat. The Sabarmati River originates in the Aravalli Range in the Indian state of Rajasthan . The total length of the river is 371 km (231 mi). After travelling 48 km (30 mi) in Rajasthan it flows into the Indian state of Gujarat where it is joined by a left bank tributary, Wakal, near the village Ghonpankhari. From there,
403-542: Is polluted at several points of its course through the 940-kilometre (580 mi) stretch of alluvial plains in Uttar Pradesh . The major sources of pollution are industrial waste and effluent from sugar factories and distilleries and residential wastewater and sewage. The river and its tributaries, such as Kukrail Drainage, collect large amounts of human and industrial pollutants as they flow through an area of about 18 million people. High pollution levels threaten
434-676: The Sabarmati Ashram as his home on the banks of this river. In 2018, an assessment by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) named the Kheroj-Vautha stretch of the Sabarmati among the most polluted river stretches in India. There are several reservoirs on the Sabarmati and its tributaries. The Dharoi dam is located on the main river. The Hathmati, Harnav and Guhai dams are located on
465-640: The Sabarmati River has been projected as a showcase of development in the state of Gujarat . Many noted environmentalists and river-system experts vehemently opposed that project as well. Both projects are seen as a template for similar interference with river systems across India, including the Yamuna , the Hindon and the Varuna . Monsoon flooding leads to several problems when the water recedes, including
496-432: The Gomti's aquatic life. On 25 July 2008, the foundation stone of a 345-million-litre (91,000,000 US gal)-capacity sewage treatment plant was laid. The plant, promoted as Asia's largest, failed; in 2014 it was reportedly running at 10 percent of capacity, and beyond the plant (near Bharwara) untreated sewage and solid waste entered the river. The plant was intended to intercept the 23 major natural drains entering
527-466: The Gomti. The Gomti has been stressed, particularly in and around Lucknow, for decades. There are three major issues: Although government agencies planned major projects, such as the Bharwara sewage treatment plant and mechanical dredging, most were unsuccessful. The Gomti rises by 10–12 meters during the monsoon, and in 2008 a major flood was reported. Around 2012, the newly-elected government and
558-711: The Lucknow Development Authority began a feasibility study with the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee to build a river-front similar to Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad. The LDA submitted the report, warning about the negative consequences of reducing the Gomti to less than 250 meters wide. At 250 meters wide (with walls on both sides), the river's velocity would increase by 20 percent and its bed- shear stress by 30 percent. Current embankments would have to be raised by 1.5 meters, and
589-478: The Sabarmati to come into being. Rajashekhara 's Kavya-mimamsa (10th century) calls the river Shvabhravati ( IAST : Śvabhravatī). The 11th century text Shringara-manjari-katha calls it "Sambhramavati" (literally, "full of fickleness"). Jain Acharya Buddhisagarsuri has written many poems about the Sabarmati River. During India's independence struggle , Mahatma Gandhi established
620-665: The Watrak River. The Sabarmati River continues to flow and drains into the Gulf of Khambhat , in the Arabian Sea . The catchment area of the Sabarmati basin is 21,674 km (8,368 sq mi) out of which 4,124 km (1,592 sq mi) lies in Rajasthan State and the remaining 18,550 km (7,160 sq mi) in Gujarat. The basin is located in a semi-arid zone with rainfall ranging from 450 to 800 mm (18 to 31 in) in different parts of
651-407: The arrangement of tributaries in a hierarchy of first, second, third and higher orders, with the first-order tributary being typically the least in size. For example, a second-order tributary would be the result of two or more first-order tributaries combining to form the second-order tributary. Another method is to list tributaries from mouth to source, in the form of a tree structure , stored as
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#1732765025199682-493: The basin. The river traverses three geomorphic zones: rocky uplands, middle alluvial plains, and lower estuarine zone. The major tributaries are the Watrak, Wakal, Hathmati, Harnav, and Sei rivers. Average annual water availability in the Sabarmati basin is 308 m (10,900 cu ft) per capita, which is significantly lower than the national average of 1,545 m (54,600 cu ft) per capita. The Sabarmati
713-439: The danger posed by drying potholes and pits (which host disease causing mosquitoes such as malaria and dengue ). 25°30′29″N 83°10′11″E / 25.50806°N 83.16972°E / 25.50806; 83.16972 Tributary A tributary , or an affluent , is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream ( main stem or "parent" ), river, or a lake . A tributary does not flow directly into
744-517: The high flood level (HFL) would increase by 1.25 meters. Two bridges would be threatened with collapse under flood conditions. The plan was given to the irrigation department, which signed a memorandum of understanding with IIT Roorkee in December 2015 to conduct a similar study on the project. The riverfront-development project is seen as a political showdown between the state government and the ruling party, whose similar construction in Ahmedabad over
775-723: The midpoint. In the United States, where tributaries sometimes have the same name as the river into which they feed, they are called forks . These are typically designated by compass direction. For example, the American River in California receives flow from its North, Middle, and South forks. The Chicago River 's North Branch has the East, West, and Middle Fork; the South Branch has its South Fork, and used to have
806-428: The orientation of the tributary relative to the flow of the main stem river. These terms are defined from the perspective of looking downstream, that is, facing the direction the water current of the main stem is going. In a navigational context, if one were floating on a raft or other vessel in the main stream, this would be the side the tributary enters from as one floats past; alternately, if one were floating down
837-694: The river continues southwest to Mhauri and meets a right bank tributary, the Sei River . Continuing its journey, it is joined by a left bank tributary, the Harnav River, before entering the Dharoi reservoir. After the Sabarmati passes the Dharoi dam it meets another left bank tributary, the Hathmati River . From there, the river flows past the city of Ahmedabad and is joined by a left bank tributary,
868-458: The river. At the downstream end, the Gomti barrage converts the river into a lake. In addition to Lucknow, Gola Gokaran Nath , Misrikh , Neemsar, Lakhimpur Kheri , Sultanpur Kerakat and Jaunpur , Zafarabad are the most prominent of the 20 towns in the river's catchment basin . The river cuts the Sultanpur district and Jaunpur in half, becoming wider in the city. The Gomti River
899-601: The tributaries meeting the main river upstream of Ahmedabad while Meshvo reservoir, Meshvo pick-ueir, Mazam and Watrak dams are located on tributaries meeting downstream. The Kalpasar is planned project in the Gulf of Khambhat. In 2002, water from the Narmada river was released into the Sabarmati River through the Sardar Sarovar dam . The Sabarmati Riverfront project is one of the most ambitious projects undertaken by
930-472: The tributary, the main stream meets it on the opposite bank of the tributary. This information may be used to avoid turbulent water by moving towards the opposite bank before approaching the confluence. An early tributary is a tributary that joins the main stem river closer to its source than its mouth, that is, before the river's midpoint ; a late tributary joins the main stem further downstream, closer to its mouth than to its source, that is, after
961-489: The world with an average discharge of 31,200 m /s (1.1 million cu ft/s). A confluence , where two or more bodies of water meet, usually refers to the joining of tributaries. The opposite to a tributary is a distributary , a river or stream that branches off from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often found in river deltas . Right tributary , or right-bank tributary , and left tributary , or left-bank tributary , describe