106-639: Good Food (formerly UK Food and UKTV Food ) is a retired subscription cookery channel broadcasting in the United Kingdom and Ireland, latterly as part of the Discovery, Inc. network of channels. The channel originally launched on 5 November 2001 and relaunched in its final format on 22 June 2009. Good Food was available on satellite through Sky , on cable through Virgin Media , and through IPTV with TalkTalk TV , BT TV . From 2015 to 2018, Good Food
212-508: A character generator in the corner of the screen, showing the logo of the channel. While not a substitute for proper station identification, this makes it easy to identify the station at a glance. VH1 originated the practice in the United States around 1993 , with most other cable networks following until most started using them in the early 2000s. Amateur television operators (and also, news channels in other countries) often use
318-475: A high-definition version of Good Food on their cable television platform. On 31 August 2010, Good Food became the first UKTV channel to broadcast in high definition when Good Food HD launched as a Sky exclusive. As with a majority HD channels, Good Food HD was an HD simulcast of the channel's schedule. As part of Virgin Media's deal to sell its share of UKTV, all five of UKTV's HD channels were added to Virgin's cable television service by 2012. Good Food HD
424-531: A is approximately the same as pension wealth conditional on retiring one year later at age a +1. Nevertheless, a large literature has found that individuals respond significantly to financial incentives relating to retirement (e.g., to discontinuities stemming from the Social Security earnings test or the tax system). Greater wealth tends to lead to earlier retirement since wealthier individuals can essentially "purchase" additional leisure. Generally,
530-856: A montage in Thailand and the Malay world (except Indonesia, known as station ID , terminology shared with the Philippines), and as an interlude in Cambodia and Vietnam. Television channels owned by Media Nusantara Citra ( RCTI since 2016, both MNCTV and GTV since 2012 as well as iNews since 2018 except by its regional branches), by Trans Media (both Trans TV and Trans7 since 2016), and ANTV (since 2015) no longer air station identifications anymore, although several channels such as NET. , BTV , CNN Indonesia , Trans TV, and Trans7 are still airing idents irregularly. Station identifications in
636-528: A "handle" (nickname) is encouraged by CB rule 17 only in conjunction with these methods, not by itself. Most CB operators prefer to use self-assigned handles reflecting some aspect of their personality; it is generally considered a breach of CB etiquette to use real names, even that of the user. Family Radio Service and Multi-Use Radio Service have no station identification requirement, though groups of individual users have their own procedures, such as using license plates or informal callsigns (some groups within
742-493: A 4.5% per year nominal rate of interest is assumed, then (using 1.045/1.035 in real terms ) pre-retirement and post-retirement net interest rates will remain the same, i = 0.966 percent per year and i = 0.966 percent per year. These assumptions may be reasonable in view of the market returns available on inflation-indexed bonds , after expenses and any tax. Equation (Ret-03) is readily coded in Excel and with these assumptions gives
848-491: A DTV station with major channel number 26 may use 26.1 to identify an HDTV program service and 26.2 to identify an SDTV program service. A radio station operating in DAB hybrid mode or extended hybrid mode shall identify its digital signal, including any free multicast audio programming streams, in a manner that appropriately alerts its audience to the fact that it is listening to a digital audio broadcast. No other insertion between
954-521: A broadband connection can be provided outside the PSIP stream to identify the station, but is not considered a legal station identification on its own. In the United States, the policy on radio identification depends on the service. Station identification is usually done in the station's standard mode of operation, though the FCC considers Morse code identification to be universally acceptable no matter what mode
1060-436: A callsign (with the digital age, most networks share one or two metropolitan transmitting facilities within a certain region, making identification of the actual transmitter superfluous), however most networks use a brand based on their common channel number. A form of station identification clip is played between programmes, traditionally incorporating the channel's logo, and accompanied by a continuity announcer that introduces
1166-539: A certain level of retirement expenditures. Some retirement calculators, appropriate for safe investments, assume a constant, unvarying rate of return. Monte Carlo retirement calculators take volatility into account and project the probability that a particular plan of retirement savings, investments, and expenditures will outlast the retiree. Retirement calculators vary in the extent to which they take taxes, social security, pensions, and other sources of retirement income and expenditures into account. The assumptions keyed into
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#17327942797261272-430: A change to about 3% inflation and 4% investment return before and after retirement. Ignoring tax, someone wishing to work for a year and then relax for a year on the same living standard needs to save 50% of pay. Similarly, someone wishing to work from age 25 to 55 and be retired for 30 years till 85 needs to save 50% of pay if government and employment pensions are not a factor and if it is considered appropriate to assume
1378-415: A country's tax laws or state old-age pension rules usually mean that in a given country a certain age is thought of as the standard retirement age. As life expectancy increases and more and more people live to an advanced age, in many countries the age at which a pension is awarded has been increased in the 21st century, often progressively. The standard retirement age varies from country to country but it
1484-510: A euphemistic term for being terminated from employment before typical retirement age. While conventional wisdom has it that one can retire and take 7% or more out of a portfolio year after year, this strategy would not have worked very often in the past. Those contemplating early retirement will want to know if they have enough to survive possible bear markets . The history of the US stock market shows that one would need to live on about 4% of
1590-854: A host of other topics (e.g., expectations, expenses, internet use, risk taking, psychosocial, time use). 2002 and 2004 saw the introductions of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which includes respondents from 14 continental European countries plus Israel. These surveys were closely modeled after the HRS in the sample frame, design and content. A number of other countries (e.g., Japan, South Korea) also now field HRS-like surveys, and others (e.g., China, India) are currently fielding pilot studies. These data sets have expanded
1696-895: A more challenging rule to implement technically and economically. In a 2004 order the FCC suspended identification requirements for LPTV and translator stations: Although we recognize the value of the ITU provisions for station identification, we conclude that we cannot at this time establish identification requirements for digital LPTV and TV translator stations, nor do we believe it would be appropriate to attempt to "bootstrap" our current analog identification requirements for digital station operations. The record in this proceeding lacks sufficient technical and cost information from which to develop standards for this purpose. We do not wish to impose requirements that could now be cost prohibitive for licensees of translator and LPTV stations, thereby discouraging their conversion to digital operation. As of July 2022,
1802-493: A name-callsign completely different from its licensed callsign, such as Wollongong , New South Wales station 2UUL , which is branded on-air as "Wave FM". A television station usually associates with its network; for example, the Regional Television Queensland station RTQ is known as WIN Television (itself associated with the larger Nine Network ), and WIN's original station at Wollongong bears
1908-557: A portfolio of inflation-linked bonds, coupled with other income sources like Social Security, would be able to sustain. Current real yields on United States Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) are available at the US Treasury site. Current real yields on Canadian 'Real Return Bonds' are available at the Bank of Canada's site. As of December 2011, US Treasury inflation-linked bonds (TIPS) were yielding about 0.8% real per annum for
2014-559: A proportion Z = 35.78% should be saved. Retirement calculators generally accumulate a proportion of salary up to retirement age. This shows a straightforward case, which nonetheless could be practically useful for optimistic people hoping to work for only as long as they are likely to be retired. For more complicated situations, there are several online retirement calculators on the Internet. Many retirement calculators project how much an investor needs to save, and for how long, to provide
2120-494: A regular commercial, with the text appearing in small type on the bottom of the screen (for instance, a law firm can sponsor a court show and directly lead into the beginning of a program with proper station identification, along with their ad). Translators are required to be identified and listed daily at 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. local time . FCC rules developed for analog television required that translators identify themselves individually. The transition to digital television made this
2226-399: A retirement calculator are critical. One of the most important assumptions is the assumed rate of real (after inflation) investment return. A conservative return estimate could be based on the real yield of Inflation-indexed bonds offered by some governments, including the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The TIP$ TER retirement calculator projects the retirement expenditures that
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#17327942797262332-467: A safe real rate of return is zero. So in real terms , interest does not help the savings grow. Each year of work must pay its share of a year of retirement. For someone planning to work for 40 years and be retired for 20 years, each year of work pays for itself and for half a year of retirement. Hence, 33.33% of pay must be saved, and 66.67% can be spent when earned. After 40 years of saving 33.33% of pay, we have accumulated assets of 13.33 years of pay, as in
2438-505: A set of multiple identifiers built around a particular theme or branding element, often based on the channel's current overall look. Prior to 1988, the two existing channels in the Netherlands, Nederland 1 and Nederland 2 , used only the idents of the broadcasters airing on them. With the creation of Nederland 3 , all three channels started using their own idents. Prior to 1 January 1988, each programme on ITV would be preceded by
2544-441: A sister or LMA partner station). The primary channel usually does not use a .1/-1 or -DT1 suffix to identify itself beyond some PBS member stations such as the stations of Milwaukee PBS , and minor broadcasters which sell subchannel space to other broadcasters for their own brokered programming . More robust electronic program guide data provided by a smart TV manufacturer or system (such as Roku 's backend TV firmware) via
2650-426: A station or network ID). This may be to satisfy requirements of licensing authorities, a form of branding, or a combination of both. As such, it is closely related to production logos , used in television and cinema alike. Station identification used to be done regularly by an announcer at the halfway point during the presentation of a television program, or in between programs. In Southeast Asia, idents are known as
2756-440: A station serves may also be listed in a legal ID, but the official city of license must always be listed first. The advent of broadcast automation has made it much easier for broadcasters to ensure compliance with identification rules. Many television stations and radio stations may have their identifications prerecorded or programmed to play automatically at the appropriate times. It may also be monetized into an advertisement, with
2862-471: A successful first year gaining 7.5 million viewers since its launch, UKTV announced that UK Food would extend broadcast hours to 5:00 am–9:00 pm, gaining four more hours in its slot. To make up for this, UK Drama reduced its hours to 9:00 pm – 5:00 am. On 12 November, a one-hour timeshift service - UK Food +1, launched, airing between 6:00 am and 7:00 pm every day. On 8 March 2004, UK Food and UK Food +1 were renamed as UKTV Food and UKTV Food +1, respectively. On
2968-460: A unique name and identity, UKTV Food rebranded as Good Food on 22 June 2009, the last of UKTV's brands to do so. The name was based on that of the BBC Good Food cookery magazine, published by Immediate Media Company . The channel and the magazine continued to be operated separately. On 13 July 2009, Virgin Media revealed that they were "currently in active talks" with UKTV about launching
3074-458: A wealth of information on such topics as labor force participation (e.g., current employment, job history, retirement plans, industry/occupation, pensions, disability), health (e.g., health status and history, health and life insurance , cognition), financial variables (e.g., assets and income, housing, net worth, wills, consumption and savings), family characteristics (e.g., family structure, transfers, parent/child/grandchild/sibling information) and
3180-415: A zero real investment return. The problem that the lifespan is not known in advance can be reduced in some countries by the purchase at retirement of an inflation-indexed life annuity . To pay for pension, assumed for simplicity to be received at the end of each year, and taking discounted values in the manner of a net present value calculation, the ideal lump sum available at retirement should be: Above
3286-478: Is a big factor that affects the success of an individual's retirement experience. Social Security plays an important role because most individuals solely rely on Social Security as their only retirement option, when Social Security's trust funds are expected to be depleted by 2034. Knowledge affects an individual's retirement decisions by simply finding more reliable retirement options such as Individual Retirement Accounts or Employer-Sponsored Plans. In countries around
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3392-404: Is a right. In many Western countries, this is a right embodied in national constitutions. An increasing number of individuals are choosing to put off this point of total retirement, by selecting to exist in the emerging state of pre-tirement . Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to
3498-764: Is assumed that interest, after expenses, taxes, and inflation is zero. Assume that in real (after-inflation) terms, one's salary never changes over w years of working life. During p years of pension, one has a living standard that costs a replacement ratio R times as much as one's living standard in working life. The working life living standard is one's salary minus the proportion of salary Z that should be saved. Calculations are per unit salary (e.g., assume salary = 1). Then after w years work, retirement age accumulated savings = wZ . To pay for pension for p years, necessary savings at retirement = Rp(1-Z) Equate these: wZ = Rp ( 1-Z ) and solve to give Z = Rp / ( w + Rp ). For example, if w = 35, p = 30 and R = 0.65,
3604-440: Is called efterløn and there are some requirements to be met such as contributing to the labor market for at least 20 years. Early and normal retirement ages vary according to the date of birth of the person filing for retirement. In France, the retirement age was 60, with full pension entitlement at 65; in 2010 this was extended to 62 and 67 respectively, increasing progressively over the following eight years. In Latvia,
3710-403: Is common to not include any house value in the calculation of this necessary lump sum, so for a homeowner the lump sum pays primarily for non-housing living costs. At retirement, the following amount will have been accumulated: To make the accumulation match with the lump sum needed to pay pension: Bring z to the left hand side to give the answer, under this rough and unguaranteed method, for
3816-415: Is generally between 50 and 70 (according to latest statistics, 2011). In some countries this age is different for men and women, although this has recently been challenged in some countries (e.g., Austria), and in some countries the ages are being brought into line. The table below shows the variation in eligibility ages for public old-age benefits in the United States and many European countries, according to
3922-428: Is granted, according to the years of work and the average pay; this is usually provided by the employer. On a personal level, the rising cost of living during retirement is a serious concern to many older adults. Health care costs play an important role. Provision of state pensions is a significant drain on a government's budget. As life expectancy increases and the health of older people improves with medical advances,
4028-519: Is likely to be small. In general, declining health over time, as well as the onset of new health conditions, have been found to be positively related to earlier retirement. Health conditions that can cause someone to retire include hypertension , diabetes mellitus , sleep apnea , joint diseases , and hyperlipidemia . Most people are married when they reach retirement age; thus, spouse's employment status may affect one's decision to retire. On average, husbands are three years older than their wives in
4134-445: Is the standard mathematical formula for the sum of a geometric series . (Or if i =0 then the series in braces sums to p since it then has p equal terms). As an example, assume that S=60,000 per year and that it is desired to replace R =0.80, or 80%, of pre-retirement living standard for p=30 years. Assume for current purposes that a proportion z =0.25 (25%) of pay was being saved. Using i =0.02, or 2% per year real return on investments,
4240-422: Is the withdrawal from one's position or occupation or from one's active working life. A person may also semi-retire by reducing work hours or workload. Many people choose to retire when they are elderly or incapable of doing their job for health reasons. People may also retire when they are eligible for private or public pension benefits , although some are forced to retire when bodily conditions no longer allow
4346-532: Is to, for example, enter "0% return, 0% inflation" inputs into the calculator. The Bloomberg retirement calculator gives the flexibility to specify, for example, zero inflation and zero investment return and to reproduce the graph above. The MSN retirement calculator in 2011 has as the defaults a realistic 3% per annum inflation rate and optimistic 8% return assumptions; consistency with the December 2011 US nominal bond and inflation-protected bond market rates requires
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4452-586: Is widespread in Europe and is closely associated with the PAL television system worldwide, it was non-existent in North America during the analog television era, in which the NTSC standard was used. However, digital television standards generally include station identification. A common worldwide practice is to use a small overlay graphic known as a Digital on-screen graphic (DOG), "bug" or watermark created by
4558-618: The BBC 's programme archive, and was similar to a former international channel run by BBC Worldwide called BBC Food , as both use similar programming and both have a similar format. The channel also aired programmes from the ITV and Channel 4 programming archive and programming aired on other domestic and international channels bought in by the channel. These programmes included: The Good Food website, originally devised and launched by Ian Fenn and Ally Branley, provided information on programmes shown on
4664-526: The Boy Scouts of America , for example, use the troop number followed by the scout's initials as a callsign). Wi-Fi access points are not required by law to identify (they are unlicensed transmitters) but the Wi-Fi standards include provision for an identifier called an SSID , which is transmitted as a routine part of Wi-Fi network traffic. However, since a number of standard Wi-Fi channels are shared with
4770-459: The OECD . The retirement age in many countries is increasing, often starting in the 2010s and continuing until the late 2020s. Notes: Parentheses indicate eligibility age for women when different. Sources: Cols. 1–2: OECD Pensions at a Glance (2005), Cols. 3–6: Tabulations from HRS, ELSA and SHARE. Square brackets indicate early retirement for some public employees. In Denmark, early retirement
4876-494: The 18th century, humans had an average life expectancy between 26 and 40 years. In consequence, only a small percentage of the population reached an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Countries began to adopt government policies on retirement during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto von Bismarck . A person may retire at whatever age they please. However,
4982-605: The 30-year maturity and a noteworthy slightly negative real return for the 7-year maturity. Many individuals use "retirement calculators" on the Internet to determine the proportion of their pay they should be saving in a tax advantaged-plan (e.g., IRA or 401-K in the US, RRSP in Canada, personal pension in the UK, superannuation in Australia). After expenses and any taxes, a reasonable (though arguably pessimistic) long-term assumption for
5088-474: The FCC is proposing to reinstate identification requirements for LPTV and translator stations. The advent of digital television originally made it necessary for stations simulcasting both their analog and digital on the same channel to include both call signs in all identifications. Both stations have the same base callsigns, with the only difference being the analog ending in "-TV" and digital ending in "-DT" (originally "-HD"). Low-power stations identify with
5194-457: The FM translator rather than their maligned AM signal, thus their identification was said as "107.3 FM, W297CK, and 950 AM, WCLB, Sheboygan". The FCC clarified what is required in these cases: § 73.1201 Station Identification. (b) Content. (1) Official station identification shall consist of the station's call letters immediately followed by the community or communities specified in its license as
5300-545: The Philippines differ from the vernacular meaning in most of the world. They describe what would be referred to as imaging campaigns elsewhere for their national networks, and vary considerably in length, up to eighteen minutes. These include music video-like presentations representing the season they are meant for, including tag-init (summer season), tag-ulan (rainy season), tagtuyo (dry season) and Christmas Season. Broadcast stations in Europe do not identify by
5406-581: The U.S., and spouses often coordinate their retirement decisions. Thus, men are more likely to retire if their wives are also retired than if they are still in the labor force, and vice versa. Researchers analyzed factors affecting retirement decisions in EU member states : Overall, income after retirement can come from state pensions, occupational pensions, private savings and investments (private pension funds, owned housing), donations (e.g., by children), and social benefits. In some countries an additional lump sum
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#17327942797265512-595: The United States may typically retire at half pay after 20 years of service, or three-quarter pay after 30 years, allowing retirement from the early forties. Military members of the US Armed Forces may elect to retire after 20 years of active duty. (See also: military retirement pay and military pension .) Iranian age of retirement was increased much in 2022 and 2023 to 42 years of work insurance payment record to avoid government social security bankruptcy. Recent advances in data collection have vastly improved
5618-503: The ability of researchers to examine questions about retirement behavior by adding a cross-national perspective. Notes: MHAS discontinued in 2003; ELSA numbers exclude institutionalized (nursing homes). Source: Borsch-Supan et al., eds. (November 2008). Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004–2007): Starting the Longitudinal Dimension. Many factors affect people's retirement decisions. Retirement funding education
5724-452: The ability to understand important relationships between retirement and factors such as health, wealth, employment characteristics and family dynamics, among others. The most prominent study for examining retirement behavior in the United States is the ongoing Health and Retirement Study (HRS), first fielded in 1992. The HRS is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of adults in the U.S. ages 51+, conducted every two years, and contains
5830-440: The age of entitlement to a pension has been increasing progressively since about 2010. Older people are more prone to sickness, and the cost of health care in retirement is large. Most countries provide universal health insurance coverage for seniors, although in the United States many people retire before they become eligible for Medicare health cover at 65 years of age. A useful and straightforward calculation can be done if it
5936-477: The amateur radio spectrum, amateur radio-operated High Speed Multimedia (HSMM) , or "hinternet", access points usually use the call sign of the control operator as the SSID, this suffices as proper station identification for the access point being operated as an amateur radio transceiver. With the advent of digital radio, station identification becomes more complicated, because more than one audio stream can be part of
6042-527: The call letters are pronounced as a word for branding purposes (such as WHAM in Rochester , New York, which is spoken as "Wham"), the legal ID must still spell out the individual letters. An example of a proper spoken radio station identification in the United States would be " WMAS-FM Enfield Springfield " or " WLAN-FM Lancaster ". Often, these identifications may be artificially pitch shifted to be faster, to fit in more advertising or promotion within
6148-454: The callsign WIN . Teletext , an information service provided by many broadcasters, provides station or network identification in many countries worldwide. As almost all modern sets can display this information, it is a simple matter of checking teletext if the identity of the station is not clear. Some broadcasters do not provide a teletext service, and there is no specific requirement or standard for station identification in it. While teletext
6254-480: The channel, recipes, message boards, and a wine club. Recipes came from the various shows on Good Food and some included videos taken from the demonstrations. In September 2006 Good Food's website overtook the BBC Food site in popularity for the first time, achieving a 10% market share, compared to BBC Food's 9.63% share. The channel's website now redirects to Food Network 's UK website. Retired Retirement
6360-617: The consolidation of the ITV network in the early 2000s, regional continuity announcements have generally disappeared, with STV being the only notable exceptions. UTV continued using local continuity announcements even under the ownership of ITV, although in 2020 they were suspended in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom , and staff cutbacks were made with the Belfast studio. ITV later eventually made these changes permanent, and
6466-454: The conventional wisdom saying that fewer people will retire since their savings have been depleted; however recent research suggests that the opposite may happen. Using data from the HRS, researchers examined trends in defined benefit (DB) vs. defined contribution (DC) pension plans and found that those nearing retirement had only limited exposure to the recent stock market decline and thus are not likely to substantially delay their retirement. At
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#17327942797266572-582: The corresponding fanfare before Emmerdale Farm and Scottish Television idents before Take the High Road . In consequence, most ITV-produced series shown abroad would also be preceded by the producing company's logo – for example, PBS presentations of Upstairs, Downstairs featured the London Weekend Television logo and fanfare before the start of the programme. Beginning in 1988, these were largely replaced by endcaps. Since
6678-539: The designator "-LD". After the June 2009 digital transition , stations had a one time opportunity offered by the FCC to either retain the -DT designation on their digital signal, or move over the analog calls with either the "-TV" suffix or no suffix if so identified. Additionally, a station could add the "-TV" suffix to their calls for standardization purposes among broadcast groups, even if those calls were not shared by an AM or FM radio station. PSIP also continuously carries
6784-419: The effect of wealth on retirement is difficult to estimate empirically since observing greater wealth at older ages may be the result of increased saving over the working life in anticipation of earlier retirement. However, many economists have found creative ways to estimate wealth effects on retirement and typically find that they are small. For example, one paper exploits the receipt of an inheritance to measure
6890-496: The effect of wealth shocks on retirement using data from the HRS. The authors find that receiving an inheritance increases the probability of retiring earlier than expected by 4.4 percentage points, or 12 percent relative to the baseline retirement rate, over an eight-year period. A great deal of attention has surrounded how the Financial crisis of 2007–2008 and subsequent Great Recession are affecting retirement decisions, with
6996-484: The extension of the broadcast hours, UKTV Drama moved into the vacated evening slot on UKTV Food +1's slot. After UKTV Drama extended its broadcast hours to the daytime in May 2005, UKTV Food +1's evening slot remained vacant, and on 23 February 2006, to coincide with Sky's EPG shuffle, it was announced that UKTV Food +1 would extend broadcast hours to include the entire day. As part of the rebranding of all UKTV's channels to
7102-445: The graph. In the graph to the right, the lines are straight, which is appropriate given the assumption of a zero real investment return. The graph above can be compared with those generated by many retirement calculators. However, most retirement calculators use nominal (not "real" dollars) and therefore require a projection of both the expected inflation rate and the expected nominal rate of return. One way to work around this limitation
7208-410: The identifier of the regional company that had produced the show (known as a frontcap ), and this would be broadcast throughout the network, in other words by all companies showing the programme. The programme frontcap was preceded by station identification and continuity announcements from the viewer's local region. It meant that viewers across the country would see a Yorkshire Television logo and hear
7314-402: The idents changed to sequences involving the coming together of ingredients to events such as a picnic barbecue, a dinner party and a family Sunday roast . The idents finished with an endboard featuring the circular Good Food logo in the centre of a screen with food imagery in the background, such as fish outlines, knife and fork or wine glasses. Good Food used a large amount of programming from
7420-416: The idents themselves: indeed many of the previous idents survived rebrand reuse. The primary difference was the addition of the two lined UKTV logo, aligned to the left of the screen. The channels colour was orange, and was used in different shades as the background colour to all promotion end boards and static slides both on the channel and for promotion across the network. Following the rebrand to Good Food,
7526-419: The information appears on screen, often the identification is fulfilled by incorporating it into a short promo for a program the station airs (such as a syndicated or network program, or a preview of an upcoming newscast), the title sequence of the station's newscasts, or automatically cued as a digital on-screen graphic briefly displayed at the required time. The identification can even be monetized as part of
7632-485: The initial portfolio per year to ensure that the portfolio is not depleted before the end of the retirement; this rule of thumb is a summary of one conclusion of the Trinity study , though the report is more nuanced and the conclusions and very approach have been heavily criticized (see Trinity study for details). This allows for increasing the withdrawals with inflation to maintain a consistent spending ability throughout
7738-827: The local announcers were let go in November 2020. The Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones y Radiodifusión enacted in 2014 does not include a requirement for regular on-air station identification. However, many stations continue to air twice an hour their call letters (in Spanish) along with their city of license, as was required previously under Article 76 of the Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión. The United States' Federal Communications Commission (FCC) enforces specific requirements for identification that must be followed by all terrestrial radio and television stations. Stations must, when they sign on , sign off, and as close to
7844-796: The main stream and the HD stream, and if broadcasting in HD Radio format in AM, also list that as part of the identification (for example, " WISN HD , Milwaukee, and WRNW -HD2, Milwaukee", or " WINS and WINS-FM -HD1, New York"). The same is done for AM stations airing on an FM translator , though the identification is flexible on whether the AM station or translator is mentioned first; for instance, WCLB in Sheboygan , Wisconsin (before taking on an agreement in January 2024 to simulcast WGXI ) preferred to brand using
7950-661: The majority of their life. Job openings will increase in the next 5 years due to retirements of the baby boomer generation. The Over 50 population is actually the fastest growing labor groups in the US. A great deal of research has examined the effects of health status and health shocks on retirement. It is widely found that individuals in poor health generally retire earlier than those in better health. This does not necessarily imply that poor health status leads people to retire earlier, since in surveys retirees may be more likely to exaggerate their poor health status to justify their earlier decision to retire. This justification bias, however,
8056-404: The name of the network it is affiliated with in the PSIP flag rather than the station's calls. The former two standards are voluntary and interchangeable, and the station can choose to identify all the channels by only the base callsign, although they are encouraged to differentiate each channel from the primary channel (or for LP / Class A analog-only stations digitally airing as a subchannel on
8162-460: The necessary lump sum is given by the formula as (1-0.25)*0.80*60,000*annuity-series-sum(30)=36,000*22.396=806,272 in the nation's currency in 2008–2010 terms. To allow for inflation in a straightforward way, it is best to talk of the 806,272 as being '13.43 years of retirement age salary'. It may be appropriate to regard this as being the necessary lump sum to fund 36,000 of annual supplements to any employer or government pensions that are available. It
8268-403: The next programme (and promotes other programmes). These identifiers evolved from mainly being mechanical models (such as the BBC globe), to becoming more advanced through the evolution of CGI during the 1980s. From the 1960s to the 1990s, most broadcasters only used a single identifier, sometimes using special variations for holidays and special events. In the present day, most broadcasters use
8374-434: The penalty-free status is achieved and the 10% IRS penalty no longer applies. Station identification Station identification ( ident , network ID , channel ID or bumper ) is the practice of radio and television stations and networks identifying themselves on-air, typically by means of a call sign or brand name (sometimes known, particularly in the United States, as a "sounder" or "stinger", more generally as
8480-420: The person to work any longer (by illness or accident) or as a result of legislation concerning their positions. In most countries, the idea of retirement is of recent origin, being introduced during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Previously, low life expectancy , lack of social security and the absence of pension arrangements meant that most workers continued to work until their death. Germany
8586-439: The probability that the retirement plan will be successful. Retirement is generally considered to be "early" if it occurs before the age (or tenure) needed for eligibility for support and funds from government or employer-provided sources. Early retirees typically rely on their own savings and investments to be self-supporting, either indefinitely or until they begin receiving external support. Early retirement can also be used as
8692-539: The proportion of pay that should be saved: Note that the special case i =0 = i means that the geometric series should be summed by noting that there are p or w identical terms and hence z = p/(w+p). This corresponds to the graph above with the straight line real-terms accumulation. The result for the necessary z given by (Ret-03) depends critically on the assumptions made. As an example, one might assume that price inflation will be 3.5% per year forever and that one's pay will increase only at that same rate of 3.5%. If
8798-602: The repeater's callsign, usually in Morse code . The requirements for the United States are covered in Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 97.119 . Land mobile two-way (including public safety and business mobile) require station identifications by call sign. In the case of the GMRS service, this is to be done by each station in a similar manner to the amateur practice, though
8904-420: The required savings rates in the accompanying picture. Finally, a newer method for determining the adequacy of a retirement plan is Monte Carlo simulation . This method has been gaining popularity and is now employed by many financial planners. Monte Carlo retirement calculators allow users to enter savings, income and expense information and run simulations of retirement scenarios. The simulation results show
9010-520: The retirement age depends on the date of birth of the person filing for retirement. In Spain it was ruled that the retirement age was to increase from 65 to 67 progressively from 2013 to 2027. In the United States, while the normal retirement age for Social Security , or Old Age Survivors Insurance (OASI) was age 65 to receive unreduced benefits, it is gradually increasing to age 67 by 2027. Public servants are often not covered by Social Security but have their own pension programs. Police officers in
9116-431: The retirement, and to continue making withdrawals even in dramatic and prolonged bear markets . (The 4% figure does not assume any pension or change in spending levels throughout the retirement.) When retiring prior to age 59 + 1 ⁄ 2 , there is a 10% IRS penalty on withdrawals from a retirement plan such as a 401(k) plan or a Traditional IRA. Exceptions apply under certain circumstances. At age 59 and six months,
9222-490: The same day, UK Horizons' half-replacement UKTV People launched in UKTV Food +1's evening slot, airing from 7:00pm-4:00am. On 22 June, it was announced that UKTV Food would extend its broadcast hours to end at 1:00 am, with the possibility of going 24 hours at the end of the year. At the same time, it was also announced that UKTV People would move out of UKTV Food +1's downtime slot and extend its broadcast hours as well. With
9328-500: The same station. Stations broadcasting HD Radio feeds identify by their stream channel, and unlike television, the HD1 channel (which in the vast majority of cases, carries the same program as the analog signal) is included in the identification (for example, " WXSS -HD1, Wauwatosa / Milwaukee ", "98.3, WZRL -HD1, Plainfield - Indianapolis " or " WCBS-FM -HD1, New York City"). AM stations which simulcast via an FM HD subchannel identify both
9434-502: The same time, using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), another study estimates that mass layoffs are likely to lead to an increase in retirement almost 50% larger than the decrease brought about by the stock market crash, so that on net retirements are likely to increase in response to the crisis. More information tells of how many who retire will continue to work, but not in the career they have had for
9540-409: The sequence. The FCC also allows that: "the name of the licensee, the station's frequency, the station's channel number, as stated on the station's license, and/or the station's network affiliation may be inserted between the call letters and station location". On television, station identification may occur in either a visual format or aural. As no audio announcement of the call sign is necessary if
9646-446: The station is operating in. Low-power ( Part 15 in the U.S.) stations do not always identify, being unlicensed (this would be essentially impossible for small FM transmitters for consumer use, such as those used to broadcast music from an MP3 player to a car radio), but those that run as community-based radio stations (including college stations using carrier current ) usually do. Station identification in that case usually consists of
9752-405: The station placing the required text into a quick ad spot where an advertiser such as a law firm sponsors a program with their slogan said. On radio, the top-of-hour ID must contain the full, legal call sign (including any relevant suffixes, particularly " FM ") as assigned by the FCC, followed immediately by the station's community of license . The call letters must be spoken individually; even if
9858-560: The station's ID digitally encoded. Digital subchannels usually identify themselves in one of two ways, with a limit of seven characters in the PSIP tag: In addition, subchannels which carry weather information – such as those carrying a still of their weather radar, AccuWeather , or a weather feed created by the station itself – may identify that channel via their PSIP flag with the non-standard "WX" suffix, as in "WXXX-WX", though they must be identified by their subchannel number in on-air identifications. Some subchannels may also display only
9964-624: The station's call letters and the community or communities specified in its license is permissible. Station identification in Australia is not limited to the designated common or on-air name of the station or network affiliation , both for radio and television. A radio station may have call letters related to its town or district name, and the company name; for example, Charters Towers , Queensland station 4CHT and Ceduna Community Radio Inc's 5CCR in Ceduna , South Australia. The station may have
10070-475: The station's location; Provided, That the name of the licensee, the station's frequency, the station's channel number, as stated on the station's license, and/or the station's network affiliation may be inserted between the call letters and station location. DTV stations, or DAB Stations, choosing to include the station's channel number in the station identification must use the station's major channel number and may distinguish multicast program streams. For example,
10176-403: The station's name, frequency, and a slogan; unlicensed stations are not allowed to use formal call signs . International shortwave broadcasters usually do not use callsigns, instead giving the name of the service and the location of the home office, and occasionally the frequencies that the current broadcast is being transmitted on. There are a few exceptions, particularly in the United States,
10282-827: The station's ownership. Only the name of the licensee, the station's frequency or channel number as stated on its license, and/or network affiliations, may be inserted between the call letters and station location. An example of declared ownership on KTLA in Los Angeles during the late 1970s were the local announcer invoking then-station owner Golden West Broadcasters ("Golden West Broadcasters-Channel 5, KTLA Los Angeles"). Stations which broadcast on additional full- or low-powered signals must also identify them all every hour. However, stations licensed as translators must be identified in their own right only three times per day: once between 7 and 9 a.m., 12:55 and 1:05 p.m., and 4 and 6 p.m. FCC rules specify that additional communities
10388-409: The time featured the name, stylised as Food, and a two lined spiral extending outwards from the right of the name. The majority of UKTV channels had some pattern located there to distinguish the channel, and this spiral also featured in the idents themselves as well as channel promotions. Following the rebranding as UKTV Food, the channel's identity was altered. The swirling motif was retained within
10494-603: The time limit is fifteen minutes. Repeater systems used in both the land mobile and amateur radio services often have provisions for announcing the repeater's call sign, either in voice or Morse code. Citizen's Band radio no longer maintains a requirement for station or transmission identification, but operators are "encouraged to identify" transmissions using one of the following: a previously assigned callsign, "K" prefix followed by operator initials and residence zip code, operator's name, or "organizational description including name and any applicable operator unit number." The use of
10600-477: The time station WWV being a prime example. Amateur radio requires the call sign to be stated at the end of a communication and every ten minutes during (some hams use countdown clocks to remind them to identify); modes such as packet radio and fast-scan television often have a provision for automatic identification, either including it as part of a digital data stream or overlaying it over an analog picture. Repeaters are often designed to automatically transmit
10706-411: The top of each hour as feasibly possible (such as within a "natural break" in programming, like a commercial break), present a visual (television) or aural (radio) station identification that contains, at minimum, the station's callsign , followed by its designated city of license . As a courtesy, top-of-hour identifications may also contain additional information, such as frequencies and a declaration of
10812-435: The world, people are much more likely to retire at the early and normal retirement ages of the public pension system (e.g., ages 62 and 65 in the U.S.). This pattern cannot be explained by different financial incentives to retire at these ages since typically retirement benefits at these ages are approximately actuarially fair; that is, the present value of lifetime pension benefits (pension wealth) conditional on retiring at age
10918-514: Was added to Virgin Media on 7 October 2011. On 1 April 2019, it was announced that UKTV co-owner Discovery Inc. would acquire the BBC's stake in Good Food. They took it over along with sister channels Home and Really in June. On 5 September 2019, Discovery announced that Good Food would merge with Food Network and close on 12 September 2019, with its programmes moving to the sister channel. Good Food
11024-457: Was removed from Virgin Media on 11 September, while the channel itself was shut down on 12 September 2019, after which the channel space created in 2001 by UK Food ceased to exist. The last programme shown was an episode of Choccywoccydoodah . When UK Food channel launched in 2001, the channel adopted a branding package based around circular shaped foods with a spiral pattern located in the centre when looked at from above. The channel's logo at
11130-581: Was temporarily rebranded as Christmas Food. Prior to the launch of the channel, UK Style was the home to food programmes in the UKTV network. The increasing addition of more lifestyle programmes on UK Style led to these programmes overcrowding the schedule. On 11 July 2001, UKTV announced they would launch UK Food in November. The channel officially launched on 5 November, broadcasting from 7:00am-7:00pm everyday, timesharing with UK Drama . On 29 May 2002, UK Food launched on NTL . On 10 January 2003, after
11236-479: Was the first country to introduce retirement benefits in 1889. Nowadays, most developed countries have systems to provide pensions on retirement in old age , funded by employers or the state. In many poorer countries, there is no support for the elderly beyond that provided through the family. Today, retirement with a pension is considered a right of the worker in many societies; hard ideological, social, cultural and political battles have been fought over whether this
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