47-1197: Gornal may refer to the following places: India [ edit ] Gornal, Bidar , a settlement in the Bidar district of Karnataka Gornal, Bijapur , a settlement in Bijapur district, Karnataka Russia [ edit ] Gornal, Russia , a village in Sudzhansky District of Kursk Oblast Spain [ edit ] Gornal (L'Hospitalet de Llobregat) , near Barcelona Gornal (Barcelona Metro) , station serving Gornal Can Tries – Gornal (Barcelona Metro) , station serving Gornal La Gornal, in Castellet i la Gornal , Catalonia United Kingdom [ edit ] Gornal, West Midlands , encompassing Upper Gornal, Lower Gornal and Gornal Wood; in Dudley, England Gornal Athletic F.C. , football team based in Lower Gornal Gornal stone ,
94-515: A variety of limestone found in the area Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Gornal . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gornal&oldid=1224862292 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
141-956: Is a National Highway in India in east-west direction. It starts at Malout in Punjab and ends at Pithoragarh in Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand . It passes through the states of Punjab , Haryana , Delhi , Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. After renumbering of all national highways by National Highway Authority of India in 2010, the current NH 9 was formed by merging segments of five separate national highways in 2010; these were Old NH 10 ( Fazilka - Delhi section), Old NH 24 ( Delhi - Rampur section), Old NH 87 ( Rampur - Rudrapur section), Old NH 74 ( Rudrapur - Sitarganj - Khatima section) and Old NH 125 ( Tanakpur - Pithoragarh section). Starting at Malout in Punjab and ending at Askot in
188-698: Is a part of Saidapur Reserve forest. Situated at an altitude of 600–700 meters, the MPCA is spread over about 150 hectares (370 acres). The terrain is undulating and the vegetation is the dry deciduous scrub type. It is the northernmost member of the Medicinal Plants Conservation Network established by the Karnataka forest department and the Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT) jointly. The uniqueness of
235-540: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bidar district Bidar district is the northernmost part of the Karnataka state in India . The administrative headquarters of district is Bidar city . Geographically, it resembles the "Crown of the State", occupying its northeastern end. It is bounded by Kamareddy and Sangareddy districts of Telangana state on
282-451: Is flat, gently sloping forming broad valleys and flat topped hills. Flat topped hills with step-like sides exhibit the terraced landscape. The southern half of the district is a high plateau about 715 m (2,346 ft) above mean sea level and are well drained. Laterite is a peculiar type of residual porous clayey rock, full of worm-like tubes mainly made up of hydrated oxides of iron and alumina , formed as end product of weathering of
329-469: Is found in the plains of Bidar District. The existing natural water holes have to be developed by desilting. Herds of spotted deer and peafowl are found in Kamathana, Chitta, Shahapur and Godepalli forest areas. Poaching of deer in these areas is common. Hence, protection needs to be ensured. Creation of a wildlife sanctuary may be contemplated in the future when the number of wildlife increases. Some of
376-754: Is normally found along the banks of the Manjra river and its main tributaries. The district is entirely covered by the Deccan trap flows of the tertiary period. The Deccan trap is composed of horizontal flows of basaltic lava . They generally form flat-topped hillocks and terrace-like features. The physical characteristics of individual flows show considerable variations. Some flows are hard and massive while others are weathered, soft and friable. This character has resulted in terraced landscape, suddenly ending in escarpments . The traps are seen generally 618 metres (2,028 ft) above mean sea level. These are jointed and show
423-412: Is not essential. The laterite must everywhere be pierced nearly to the subjacent trap to reach the perennial springs, so that the wells in the vicinity of the edges of the tableland ( maidan ) are of extraordinary depth. The stream-fed valleys and the tracts of mixed soil in the lowlands bear prodigally fruits and grains, sugarcanes and vines, and every variety of vegetable produce. The minerals found in
470-615: Is official and the most spoken language in the district. Marathi is spoken in villages and towns bordered with Maharashtra . Urdu and Hindi are spoken mainly in urban areas. Telugu is spoken by Telugu people who live in the areas of the district bordering Telangana . Lambadi is spoken by Banjara people. A locally less-known but globally renowned sandalwood carving at Bakchawadi village in the district produces woodworks of Buddha heads, handicraft items and prayer beads carved in red sandalwood to many countries in Europe and Asia. In 2006
517-480: Is perennial river flows over a distance of 155 km (96 mi) in the central part of the district and flows in eastern direction with a meandering course. The Karanja river flows in northwestern direction for 74 km (46 mi) with Karanja reservoir being major water source. The river Mullamari takes its origin near Matala village of Basavakalyan taluk flows from west to east for a length of 38 km (24 mi) and then flows into Kalaburgi district and joins
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#1732802140409564-626: Is subjected. Ground cover is scanty and seedlings regeneration is practically absent. Grazing incidence is heavy. This type of forest is found in Changlair, Karpakpalli and Karakanalli forests. Acacia catechu , Acacia leucophloea , Wrightia tinctoria , Zizyphus xylopyrus , Cassia fistula , Annona species, Azadirachta indica , Butea monosperma , Chloroxylon switenia , Albizzia amara , etc. are widely seen in Ladwanthi, Kohinoor, Algood and Manhalli forests Basavakalyan range. Out of
611-436: Is the coldest with average daily minimum of 16.4 °C, The highest temperature recorded at Bidar was 43.3 °C on 8 May 1931, and the lowest 3.9 °C on 5 January 1901. The average annual precipitation at Bidar is 847 mm (33.3 in), with most of the rainfall received during the monsoon season. The variation in rainfall from year to year is large and the district is prone to drought. The important rivers in
658-466: Is well known for its different religions, castes and cultures due to its historical developments through the ages. The first Rashtrakuta capital was Mayurkhandi (Morkhandi) in the present day Bidar district. The regal capital was later moved to Manyakheta (Malkhed) in the present day Kalaburagi district by Amoghavarsha I . Kalyani (today called Basavakalyan , after Basaveshwara ) in Bidar district
705-568: The 2011 census Bidar district has a population of 1,703,300, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska . This gives it a ranking of 287th in India (out of a total of 640 ). Bidar district accounts for 2.84% of total area of the state and it is the home of 2.78% of the total population in the state. The district has a population density of 312 inhabitants per square kilometre (810/sq mi). Its population growth rate over
752-461: The Deccan Traps ( Cretaceous Eocene ). The most remarkable character of these traps is their perfectly horizontal disposition. The traps weather with a characteristic spheroidal weathering and the trap area is strewn with numerous dark-coloured boulders of all shapes and sizes. The soils covering this region are black to deep brown in colour which are rich in humus and form some of
799-655: The Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Bidar one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640 ). It is one of the five districts in Karnataka currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme . Agriculture is the main occupation in rural parts of the district. Greengram, bengalgram, blackgram, paddy, groundnut, wheat, redgram, sugarcane and chillies are other agricultural crops. National Highway 9 (India) National Highway 9 ( NH 9 )
846-413: The 12th century, encompassed social, literacy and religious fields emerged here. Culture, fine arts and architecture nurtured by successive rulers has contributed to its cultural richness. There are more Hindus and Muslims in this district. Similarly, social and religious reformers such as Basaveshwara and Guru Nanak also played a significant role in social reformation based on equality. Bidar district
893-770: The Bahmani Sultanate under Allauddin Hasan Gangu Bahman Shah . The Bahmani capital was shifted from Kalburgi or Kalubaruge (pronounced as Gulbarga and subsequently renamed Ahsanabad by the Muslim newcomers) to Bidar (renamed Muhammadabad by the Bahmanis) in 1425. Bidar remained the capital until the Sultanate's breakup after 1518. It then became the center of the Barid Shahis , one of
940-611: The Bidar Forest Division. However, leopards may be seen occasionally far from human habitations. Langurs , wolves , spotted deer , wild boar , hares , porcupines , foxes , wild cats and jackals are also seen. In Karnataka, after Ranebennur Blackbuck Sanctuary in Haveri district and Jayamangali Blackbuck Conservation Reserve in Tumkur district , a sizeable population of near threatened species of blackbucks
987-529: The Deccan province, became independent and assumed the title Nizam-ul-mulk , with the whole of the province under the Nizam 's sovereign control. After Independence, Bidar district, along with Gulbarga, Bijapur and Raichur districts, became part of Karnataka. The total geographical area of the district as per the provisional figures computed by the Survey of India is 5,451 km (2,105 sq mi), while
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#17328021404091034-592: The Indian Peninsula. Its principal home is in the Sheshachalam hills of Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh and North Arcot district of Tamil Nandu besides southern and eastern parts of Bidar district. The northern part of the state is generally considered to be a dry belt, devoid of water bodies, vegetation and wildlife. The surroundings of Bidar, the northernmost district, seem to be an exception. There are no wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in
1081-421: The MPCA is characterized by representation of the medicinal flora of the driest regions of southern India. The vegetation is the dry deciduous scrub type, with most of it being stunted due to harsh climatic and edaphic factors. The terrain is criss-crossed by a few small seasonal streams, which go dry soon after the monsoon. The MPCA offers a tapestry of about 289 species of flowering plants. Common tree species in
1128-492: The Rakta chandana and Gloriosa superba . The most important are Hollorhina antidyssentrica and Santalum album . The presence of large number of medicinal plant species has helped the locals to take the advice of Nati vaidyas in the surrounding villages in case of any health problem. It is home to highly endangered species of Pterocarpus santalinus , the Rakta chandana and Gloriosa superba. The area being highly valuable to
1175-479: The area are bauxite , kaolin and red ochre . A deposit of highly siliceous bauxite clay has been located about three kilometers south of Basavakalyan . Similar deposits are noticed near Alwal and Kamthana villages of Bidar taluka . A large deposit of Kaolin is located near Kamthana village. Red ochre deposits are found near Sirsi and Aurad Village. The district experiences semi-arid climate with extreme summer . The dust storms and severe heat waves are common in
1222-544: The arrival of aquatic migratory birds from regions as far as Siberia , Mongolia and Alaska . One study has recorded 74 species of aquatic birds in Bidar district, of which 32 species are migratory. Tanks and other water bodies at places like Janawada, Elaspur, Solpur, Papnash, Hallikhed, and Tripurant in the district, which have large quantities of fish and other aquatic animals, provide feeding grounds to various migratory birds like, black-necked stork , great stone plover , marsh sandpiper , and painted snipe . According to
1269-495: The bigger trees act as a roosting place for peacocks , the national bird of India. The following forests support considerable wildlife: In addition to commonly found birds, varied species like green bee eaters , robins , sunbirds , red vented bulbuls , egrets , herons , ducks , cormorants , kingfishers , kites , eagles , peafowls and partridges can be seen. Rare birds and endangered species such as Indian coursers and vultures are often sighted. Winter sees
1316-596: The characteristics of spherical weathering leaving massive hard cores. Columnar jointing is predominantly developed in these rocks, besides horizontal joints, which impart to the rocks bedded appearance. The top layers of the Deccan trap in parts of Bidar and Humnabad talukas are altered to reddish vesicular laterite, forming and extensive undulating plateau. The surface of the plateau presents wide stretches of red plains, either waved over by light dry grasses alive with coveys of partridges and herds of deer, or mottled by every sort of cultivation for which artificial irrigation
1363-503: The decade 2001-2011 was 13.16%. Bidar has a sex ratio of 952 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 71.01%. 25.01% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 23.47% and 13.85% of the population respectively. Languages in Bidar district (2011) According to the 2011 census, 52.97% of the population spoke Kannada , 18.41% Marathi , 17.16% Urdu , 4.25% Telugu , 3.60% Lambadi and 3.14% Hindi as their first language. Kannada
1410-800: The district are: The district has two river basins, the Godavari and the Krishna . Major parts of the district are covered by Godavari basin, drained by its two major tributaries the Manjra and the Karanja rivers. The Godavari basin extends to over 4,411 km (1,703 sq mi), of which Manjra covers up to 1,989 km (768 sq mi) and Karanja up to 2,422 km (935 sq mi). The Krishna basin covers 585 km (226 sq mi) of which Mullamari river basin covers 249 km (96 sq mi) and Gandarinala river basin covers 336 km (130 sq mi). The Manjra river
1457-458: The district between April and May. Coldest months are December and January. The temperature varies in the district between 20 °C and 42 °C The summer season in Bidar starts in the first week of March and lasts until mid-June. This is followed by southwest monsoon which continues till late September, and from September to end of January is winter. May is the hottest month with average daily maximum temperature of 38.8 °C while December
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1504-483: The district. The two important types of soils noticed in the district are black soils and lateritic soils . The entire district forms a part of the Deccan Plateau and is made up mostly of solidified lava . The northern part of the district is characterized by expanses of level and treeless surface punctuated here and there by flat and undulating hillocks , black soils and basaltic rocks. Alluvial deposit
1551-614: The district. Bidar district is connected with the NH-9 and NH-218 highways. Traditional tales refer to the surrounding region of Bidar district as "Viduranagara" and also as the place where Nala and Damayanthi met. The area was ruled by the Mauryas , Satavahanas , Rashtrakutas , Chalukyas , Kalachuris , Kakatiyas , Khaljis , Bahamanis , Baridshahis , Mughals and the Nizams of Hyderabad . The great revolution by Shivasharanas in
1598-446: The drier parts are Albizzia amara , Madhuca latifolia , Buchnania lanzan , Butea frondosa , Ficus bengalensis and Wrightia spp. Along the nullahs occur Terminalia arjuna and Syzigium spp. Shrubs include Gymnosporia , Ixora , Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and Nizyphus oenopia . Overall about 193 medicinal plant species area found in the MPCA. It is home to highly endangered species Pterocarpus santalinus
1645-399: The eastern side, Latur and Osmanabad districts of Maharashtra state on the western side, Nanded district of Maharashtra state on the northern side and Kalaburagi district on the southern side. The Bidar district is constituted by eight talukas , namely Bidar , Humnabad , Bhalki , Aurad , Hulsoor , Chitgoppa , Kamalnagar and Basavakalyan with Bidar being the headquarters of
1692-721: The five independent sultanates known as the Deccan sultanates . These were the successor states to the Bahmani kingdom. The Bidar Sultanate was absorbed by the Bijapur Sultanate to the west in 1619, which was in turn included into their Deccan province by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb during his viceroyship of Deccan in 1656. After the death of Aurangazeb, Asaf Jah I , the Mughal Subehdar of
1739-512: The growth of red sanders ( Pterocarpus santalinus ), which is highly valued. Owing to its dark red to almost black wood it is largely used for carving and ornamental work. The wood is in much demand for carved house posts. It is used in making musical instruments in Japan. Red sanders timber is a very good foreign exchange earner. Red sanders has a very restricted natural range extending over an area of only 6000 sq. milies in south eastern portion of
1786-499: The locals for medicinal plants a, local initiative to protect the highly valuable plant species in Karpakpally MPCA with active participation of the local villagers is also underway. An NGO, Kriyasheela Geleyaru, is involved in organizing local children and women disseminating knowledge about the locally available medicinal plants and the need to protect the ecosystem. The southern and eastern parts of Bidar district support
1833-515: The most valuable fertile lands in the country, well suited for cultivating pulses . Physiographically, the district can be divided into two regions, the northern low lands and southern high lands. The southern high lands are popularly known as Bidar plateau, which is made up of laterite . The ground altitudes are varying from 420 to 684 m (1,378 to 2,244 ft) above sea level. Bidar plateau has an elevation range from 640 to 684 m (2,100 to 2,244 ft) above sea level. The ground surface
1880-544: The reporting area of the district for land-utilisation purposes, as worked out by the State Department of Survey Settlement and Land Records and local bodies, is 5,448 km (2,103 sq mi). The district extends from latitude 17.35'N to 18.25'N and from the longitudes 76.42'E to 77.39'E which is located on the northern maidans of Karnataka which provides a mountainous treeless expansive plateau landscape . The ancient schistose rocks are covered by
1927-424: The river Kagna. The Kagna river is one of the main tributary of Bhima river. Besides, there are several streams, which are of ephemeral in nature. The drainage pattern in the district varies from sub-dendritic to dendritic and some streams have a sub parallel drainage to the main river. These rivers and their rivulets are not navigable. Bidar Forest Division is the northernmost division of Karnataka, encompassing
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1974-508: The sustained efforts of the forest department, the forest cover in the district has increased by about 4% as reported by the Hyderabad-based National Remote Sensing Agency . Teak is found mixed with dry deciduous species. Ground cover is scanty and seedlings regeneration is practically absent. Thorny plants occur and tend to increase in proportion with heavy grazing, to which most of the area
2021-485: The total forest area of 435 km (168 sq mi) in the division, more than 50 percent of the area is concentrated in Humnabad range, followed by Bidar range (20%) and Basavakalyan range. Aurad range is having the smallest area under the forest. Viewed from the point of area under forests, the out-turn of forest produce and the revenue from forests Bidar division is not endowed with quality forest wealth. Out of
2068-424: The total geographical area of 5,448 km (2,103 sq mi) in Bidar division, an extent of 435.9 km (168.3 sq mi) under forests. In other words, this accounts for about 8.5 percent of the total geographical area. Area under forests in the division is very much below the state average. In Karpakpalli village of Humnabad taluk, a Medicinal Plant Conservation Area (MPCA) has been established. It
2115-444: The underlying rocks. It is formed under special climatic conditions of alternating dry and wet seasons. Much of the silica is dissolved and carried away, leaving the weathered product rich in oxides of iron and aluminium. The laterite cappings over the bedrock range in thickness of 15 metres (49 ft) to 60 metres (200 ft). The best development of laterite can be seen in the Bidar , Basavakalyan and Humnabad talukas of
2162-703: The whole of Bidar district and 31 villages of the adjoining Gulbarga district. Classified under reserve forests , protected forests and unclassed forests, Bidar Forest Division has 435.92 km (168.31 sq mi) of its area under forest cover. The forests are mainly dry deciduous and have scrub type vegetation. Over the years, almost all the forest areas have been worked on one or more times resulting in large expanses of man made forests consisting mostly of Eucalyptus , Acacia auriculiformis , Glyricidia , and miscellaneous species such as Hardwickia , Albizzia , Azadirachta , and Pterocarpus . The majority of these plantations are successful. Because of
2209-605: Was the capital of Western Chalukyas , who were also called Kalyani Chalukyas after their capital. The Kalachuris continued with Kalyani as their capital. Later, Bidar was ruled in succession by the vassals to Sevuna Yadavas of Devagiri , Kakatiyas of Warangal , Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughluq . The generals of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq who were nominated as viceroys of the newly conquered Deccan region broke up and formed
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