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38-628: Gospić ( pronounced [ɡǒːspitɕ] ) is a town in Lika , Croatia . It is the seat of the Lika-Senj County . Gospić is located in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika. It is the administrative center of Lika-Senj County . Gospić is located near the Lika River in the middle of a karst field ( Ličko Polje ). The first organised inhabitation of the area was recorded in 1263 as Kaseg or Kasezi . The name Gospić

76-612: A humid continental climate , Dfb by Köppen climate classification, with mean temperatures varying from −0.9 °C (30.4 °F) in January to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) in July. Being situated higher than 500 metres (1,640 ft) above sea level , the area experiences high diurnal ranges, especially in summer, and frost has been recorded in every month except for July. The record low and high temperatures are −33.5 °C (−28.3 °F) and 38.7 °C (101.7 °F), respectively. Gospić

114-650: A negligible amount of documentation and was located on the grounds of the Bishopric of Zagreb . The number of laws and regulation were subsequently passed in relation to archiving documents. The Croatian Parliament named Ladislaus Kiraly as the first archivist of the kingdom in 1744, transferring the chest and the rest of the documentation to the Saint Mark's square in 1763. 45°48′22″N 15°58′13″E  /  45.80611°N 15.97028°E  / 45.80611; 15.97028 This Croatia -related article

152-514: Is a decrease from the 53,677 inhabitants counted in 2001 (this is a drop of about 5.1% over the ten years and continues a decades-long depopulation trend in Lika). In 2011, 84.15% of the residents were of Croat , and 13.65% of Serb ethnicity. 44°44′49″N 15°14′31″E  /  44.747°N 15.242°E  / 44.747; 15.242 Croatian State Archives The Croatian State Archives ( Croatian : Hrvatski državni arhiv ) are

190-578: Is also quite a rainy city, with a slight summer minimum, but it experiences plentiful precipitation all year long, with the maximum being in autumn. During winter, Gospić can get strong blizzards, with on average 5.1 days a year when more than 50 cm (20 in) falls, and 16.1 days when more than 30 cm (12 in) falls. Its record snow cover was 285 cm (112.2 in), and it was measured in February 1916. Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for

228-502: Is farmed and used extensively in many varieties, smoked, marinated or breaded in corn flour and fried. Trout caviar is local delicacy. The use of vegetables is limited, and mostly consists of cabbage , turnips and beans . Common dishes include: Common desserts include štrudla ( savijača ), ruffled dough stuffed with cheese or grated apples , and uštipci , deep fried nuggets of sweetened leavened dough. The 2011 census data for Lika-Senj County shows 50,927 inhabitants, which

266-803: Is first mentioned in 1604, which likely originates from the Croatian word for "lady" ( gospa ) or another archaic form, gospava . During the Ottoman wars in Europe , Gospić was for a time ruled by the Ottoman Empire as part of Sanjak of Lika initially in Rumeli Eyalet (1528–1580), later in Bosnia Eyalet (1580–1686). Today's town was built around two Ottoman forts (the towers of Aga Senković and of Aga Alić). The Turkish incursion

304-531: Is spoken in the North around the town of Brinje . Lika caps are worn by the local men and farmers informally at home, and also formally at weddings and celebrations. The cuisine of Lika is shaped by its mountainous terrain, scarcity of arable land, cold winters, and the extensive practice of animal husbandry. It is simple, traditional and hearty, heavily focused on fresh, local ingredients and home style cooking. Maize , potatoes , lamb and dairy products form

342-511: Is traditionally a rural area with a developed farming (growing potatoes) and livestock. Industry is minimal and relies mostly on wood processing. Tourism is important to the region, with two national parks ( Plitvice Lakes National Park and Sjeverni Velebit ) attracting visitors from all over the world. In 2015, Plitvice Lakes National Park attracted 1.2 million visitors. Lika has a distinct culture. The Ikavian and Shtokavian dialects of Croatian are both spoken in most of Lika, and Chakavian

380-959: The Croatian Banate ( Hrvatska banovina ). Yugoslavia was invaded and split by the Axis forces in 1941 and Lika became a part of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), an Axis puppet state led by the Ustaše . On 27 July the Srb uprising started against the Ustaše in Lika, led by Yugoslav Partisans . In June 1943 the founding session of the State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH)

418-517: The Croatian Sabor in which the Kingdom's treasurer (blagajnik) Ivan Zakmardi is instructed to create an inventory of all the laws, charters and other documents. This was followed by the commission to construct a special chest at the Kingdom's expense which would house the most important documents in the aforementioned inventory. The chest only had symbolic meaning, since it could only house

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456-700: The Državni arhiv Gospić , at Kaniška 17. It was founded 30 September 1999 and officially opened 1 September 2000 in a renovated building and now houses historical documents of relevance to the Lika-Senj region which were formerly housed in the Regional Archive at Karlovac. In 2013, Croatian Prime Minister Zoran Milanović urged the town's authorities to allow for a replica of the Tesla statue that had been destroyed in 1992 to be reinstated. The mayor of Gospić at

494-820: The Principality of Littoral Croatia . Lika then became a part of the Kingdom of Croatia in 925, when Duke Tomislav of the Croats received the crown and became King of Croatia . The name of Lika is derived from old Illyrian language , meaning "body of water"; its cognates are liquor ("fluid") in Latin and liqén ("lake") in modern Albanian . Indeed, a major feature of the Lika landscape are rivers and lakes, as well as marshes and floodplains , many of which have been drained in 18th to 20th centuries. The name initially referred to Lika River , and over time came to denote

532-681: The karst poljes of the rivers of Lika , Gacka and others. The Plitvice Lakes National Park is also in Lika. Since the first millennium BC the region was inhabited by the Iapodes , an ancient people related to Illyrians . During the Gallic invasion of the Balkans , a division of the Gallic army passed through the territory of today's Lika and a part of this army settled among the Iapodes. In

570-456: The national archives of Croatia located in its capital, Zagreb . The history of the state archives can be traced back to the 17th century. There are also regional state archives located in Bjelovar , Dubrovnik , Gospić , Karlovac , Osijek , Pazin , Rijeka , Sisak , Slavonski Brod , Split , Varaždin and Zadar . The Croatian State Archives trace their origin to a 1643 decision of

608-477: The 2nd century BC, Iapodes came into conflict with the Roman Empire , suffering several military campaigns, most significantly in 129 BC, 119 BC and finally being conquered in 34 BC by Augustus Caesar . Bijelohrvati (or White Croats ) originally migrated from White Croatia to Lika in the first half of the 7th century. After the settlement of Croats (according to migrations theories), Lika became part of

646-728: The Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire were initially concluded with the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, finally concluded with Treaty of Sistova in 1791. Lika was incorporated into the Karlovac general command of the Croatian Military Frontier . It was repopulated by immigrants from Ottoman held regions. Catholics predominated in urban settlements, while Orthodox Christians were mostly present in

684-702: The Kingdom. The majority of Lika belonged to the Županija Lika- Krbava with the capital in Senj (instead of in Gospić previously). The new constitution abolished any previous borders and Lika became a part of the Primorsko-krajiška Oblast with the capital in Karlovac . In 1929, the region became a part of the Sava Banate ( Savska banovina ) of the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia , and then in 1939 of

722-402: The basis of the local diet. Meat is commonly salted or dried, while on special occasions a whole lamb is roasted on a large skewer. Common meat products include šunka ( ham ), pršut ( prosciutto ), kulin ( blood sausage ) and žmare ( čvarci ). Dairy products such as butter , skorup and cheeses are abundant. Basa is a common cheese variety made from fermented milk and skorup. Trout

760-459: The collapse of Austria-Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia, of which Lika was part, became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs on October 29, 1918. The newly created state then joined the Kingdom of Serbia on December 1, 1918 to form Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes which was in 1929 renamed into Yugoslavia. Lika remained inside Croatia, which became one of the constituent provinces of

798-782: The creation and declaration of independence of the Republic of Serbian Krajina ( RSK ). Subsequently, the Serbian paramilitary units were created with the backing of the Yugoslav People's Army and Serbian paramilitary forces. Clashes with the Croatian police that followed later in 1991 quickly erupted in a full-scale war . The fiercest fighting in Lika took place during the Battle of Gospić in August and September 1991 that resulted in

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836-405: The east and often bombarded the town from there. In late 1991, the town was the site of the Gospić massacre , where between 100-120 predominantly Serb civilians were killed by Croatian military units. In February 1992, a statue of Nikola Tesla in downtown Gospić was destroyed in an explosion. The perpetrators were never apprehended. Control of the area finally devolved to the Croatian government with

874-568: The end of the 16th century the Ottomans started settling Vlachs in the area, as well as Muslims in larger settlements where they soon formed a majority of the population. Prince Radic was appointed Prince of Senj by King Rudolf in Graz (1 December 1600). Radic family is a Native noble family from Lika region; members of the family were Uskok military leaders at the headquarters in Senj. Prince of Senj

912-831: The end. Bjelovar , Bjelovar-Bilogora Slavonski Brod , Brod-Posavina Dubrovnik , Dubrovnik-Neretva Pazin , Istria Karlovac , Karlovac Koprivnica , Koprivnica-Križevci Krapina , Krapina-Zagorje Gospić , Lika-Senj Čakovec , Međimurje Osijek , Osijek-Baranja Požega , Požega-Slavonia Rijeka , Primorje-Gorski Kotar Sisak , Sisak-Moslavina Split , Split-Dalmatia Šibenik , Šibenik-Knin Varaždin , Varaždin Virovitica , Virovitica-Podravina Vukovar , Vukovar-Srijem Zadar , Zadar Zagreb , Zagreb Lika Major towns include Gospić , Otočac , and Gračac , most of which are located in

950-662: The interior of Lika. On 15 July 1881 the Military Frontier was abolished, and Lika was restored to Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , an autonomous part of Transleithania (the Hungarian part of the Dual Monarchy of Austro-Hungary ). It was within the Lika-Krbava County , with Gospić as the county seat. Its population was ethnically mixed and in 1910 consisted of 50.8% Serbs and 49% Croats. After

988-681: The late 19th century and early 20th century, Gospić was part of the Lika-Krbava County . During the Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia in WWII , the district of Gospić experienced the first large-scale massacres which occurred in the Lika region, as some 3,000 Serb civilians were killed between late July and early August 1941. A concentration camp was established in Gospić in which (together with other camps that belonged to

1026-458: The local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority council of the Town of Gospić with only 13 members being elected in

1064-506: The region. The first mention of Lika as a toponym appears in 10th-century Constantine Porphyrogenitus ' book De Administrando Imperio as βο(ε)άνος , in a chapter dedicated to Croats and the organisation of their state, describing how their ban "has under his rule Krbava , Lika and Gacka ". Among the twelve noble Croat tribes that had a right to choose the Croat king, the Gusić tribe

1102-519: The same complex) the Ustaše might have killed between 24,000-42,000 people, most of them being Serbs and Jews , but some of the prisoners were also Croatian . In the 1990s, during the course of the Croatian War of Independence , Gospić suffered greatly during the Battle of Gospić . The town was held by Croatian government forces throughout the war, while the rebel Serb forces of the Republic of Serbian Krajina occupied positions directly to

1140-584: The seat of the province being heavily damaged by the Serbian forces. Western Lika remained under Croatian control, while eastern Lika was under RSK control. War continued until 1995, when the Croatian Army took over the region in Operation Storm , ending the existence of the RSK. After the war, a number of towns and municipalities in the region were designated Areas of Special State Concern . Lika

1178-537: The success of Operation Storm in August 1995. Gospić is the third smallest seat of a county government in Croatia. Its status as the county capital helped to spur some development in it, but the town as well as the entire region have suffered a constant decrease in population over the last several decades. Gospić is also the site of one of the regional branches of the Croatian State Archives ,

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1216-531: The time, Milan Kolić, refused to give his approval for such a move and instead vowed to erect a statue of wartime Croatian President Franjo Tuđman on the spot where the Tesla statue had once stood. In 2021, under mayor Karlo Starčević, the town renamed a square after Tesla, and the Croatian Ministry of Culture sponsored a new statue on the square, a replica of the Frano Kršinić original. Gospić has

1254-539: The town of Modruš , the location of the episcopal see in Lika, was overrun by the Ottomans. In 1527 they captured Udbina, including the Udbina Castle , leaving most of Lika under Ottoman control. The region became initially part Sanjak of Bosnia , later the Sanjak of Klis and finally the Sanjak of Krka . The devastation of Lika and Krbava was such that almost half a century they remained largely uninhabited. At

1292-480: Was born in the nearby village of Smiljan and grew up in Gospić between 1862 and 1870, when he moved to Karlovac . He again lived in Smiljan between 1873 and 1879, when he briefly returned to Gospić until 1880 when he went to Graz . In the 19th century, Gospić was the headquarters of Military Frontier "Likaner Regiment" N° I. Following the compromise of 1867 , it became part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . In

1330-708: Was from Lika. The ethnonym Guduscani mentioned in medieval sources was also thought to be related to Lika. In 1493 the Croatian army suffered a heavy defeat from the Ottoman forces in the Battle of Krbava Field , near Udbina in Lika. As the Ottomans advanced into Croatia, the Croatian population from the region gradually started to move into safer parts of the country or abroad. Many indigenous Chakavians of Lika leaving this area and to their places mainly arriving Neo-Shtokavian Ikavians from western Hezegovina and western Bosnia, and Orthodox (Vlachs and Serbs Neo-Shtokavian Ijekavians) from south-east of Balkan Peninsula. In 1513

1368-768: Was held in Otočac in Lika, in the territory held by the Partisans. The war ended in 1945 and Croatia became a Socialist federal unit of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . In August 1990 an insurrection known as Log Revolution started in Serb populated areas of Croatia. Due to recent civil unrest and with Croatia declaring independence from Yugoslavia in June 1991, the Serb majority settlements of eastern Lika joined with fellow Serbian populace in Croatia in

1406-550: Was repelled by the end of the 17th century and Gospić became an administrative centre of the Lika region within the Military Frontier , a section of the Habsburg monarchy organized as defense against the Ottomans. Before 1850, there are references to the town as Gospich in German. Since this time, there's been a significant population of ethnic Serbs in the Gospić region. Scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla , of Serb descent,

1444-460: Was very active against Ottoman. In 1683 after Ottoman defeat at the battle of Vienna, 30,000 Muslims from Lika began to move towards Bosnia. Large number of these Muslims originated from Bosnia from which they came a century earlier, while a substantial proportion was of Croatian origin. The Ottoman rule in Lika mostly ended in 1689 with the recapture of Udbina. However area of Donji Lapac remained in Ottoman hands for 102 years. The borders between

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