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Gauri Lankesh

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162-543: Gauri Lankesh (29 January 1962 – 5 September 2017) was an Indian activist and journalist from Bangalore , Karnataka. She worked as an editor in Lankesh Patrike , a Kannada weekly started by her father P. Lankesh , and ran her own weekly called Gauri Lankesh Patrike . She was murdered outside her home in Rajarajeshwari Nagar on 5 September 2017. At the time of her death, Gauri was known for being

324-536: A metropolitan population of around 15 million , making it India 's third most populous city and fourth most populous urban agglomeration . It is the most populous city and largest urban agglomeration in South India , and is the 27th largest city in the world . Located on the Deccan Plateau , at a height of over 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level, Bengaluru has a pleasant climate throughout

486-503: A March rally that she would modernise the armed forces by enhancing their capabilities so that they were on par with the superpowers. In saying so, she criticised the UPA's governance, including its economic, diplomatic, and defence policies, adding that the modernization of the armed forces was hindered by the steady curtailment of its funding. The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as

648-633: A critic of right-wing Hindu extremism. She was honoured with the Anna Politkovskaya Award for speaking against right-wing Hindu extremism, campaigning for women's rights and opposing caste based discrimination. Gauri Lankesh was born in a Kannada Lingayat family on 29 January 1962. Her father was the poet-journalist P. Lankesh , who established the Kannada-language weekly tabloid Lankesh Patrike . She had two siblings, Kavitha and Indrajit . Gauri started her career as

810-516: A debate in India. During their investigation, the police accessed CCTV footage from her residence and the route leading from Basavanagudi to her house. The city was kept on high alert the day after her death, with police deployed at toll gates in Nelamangala , Hosur Road and NICE Road in search of the killers. Vehicles entering or exiting the city underwent stringent checks, while police in

972-426: A delegation of BJP leaders accused her of being a Naxalite sympathiser and demanded her removal from the committee. The chief minister Siddaramaiah rejected the demand. Gauri was openly critical of the caste system . In 2015, some Brahmins accused her of criticising the novelist S. L. Bhyrappa and Brahminism during the 81st Kannada Sahitya Sammelana (Kannada literary conference) held at Shravanabelagola . At

1134-532: A discussion of the police investigation and murder charges. Her relatives and friends discuss the investigation in a podcast published by openDemocracy in January 2022. On 11 August 2022, the special court for Karnataka Control of Organised Crime examined three more witnesses, including two policemen, in the murder trial. The assassination is featured along with assassinations of other rationalists such as Narendra Dabholkar , M. M. Kalburgi and Govind Pansare in

1296-413: A fine of ₹ 5,000 (equivalent to ₹ 7,200 or US$ 86 in 2023) on her in each case. Besides the total fine of ₹ 10,000 (equivalent to ₹ 14,000 or US$ 170 in 2023), the court also sentenced her to six months imprisonment. Her co-accused, Devanand Jagapur, was acquitted by the same court. The same court granted her anticipatory bail, however, which made her avoid prison time. Gauri stated that

1458-623: A journalist with The Times of India in Bangalore. Later, she moved to Delhi with her husband, Chidanand Rajghatta . Shortly after, she returned to Bangalore, where she worked as a correspondent for the Sunday magazine for nine years. At the time of her father's death in 2000, she was working for the Eenadu ' s Telugu television channel in Delhi. By this time, she had spent 16 years of her life as

1620-418: A journalist. When their father P. Lankesh died, Gauri and her younger brother Indrajit visited Mani, the publisher of Lankesh Patrike , and told him that they wanted to cease the publication. Mani convinced them against the idea. Gauri then became the editor of Lankesh Patrike , while Indrajit handled the publication's business affairs. Beginning in 2001, differences developed between Gauri and Indrajit over

1782-434: A lack of infrastructure investment and a government increasingly likely to give subsidies that the national finances cannot afford just before the election. Other points it mentioned were stagnant policymaking and an inefficient bureaucracy. The economy was the main issue in the campaign. The lack of a clear mandate as a result of the election could lead to an increase in the price of gold in the country. Modi also brought up

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1944-566: A large Adil Shahi Bijapur army led by Ranadulla Khan and accompanied by his second in command Shāhji Bhōnslē defeated Kempe Gowda III, and Bengaluru was given to Shāhji as a jagir (feudal estate). Around 1639, he ordered the reconstruction of the destroyed city and the building of new lakes to solve the water shortage in the region. In 1687, the Mughal general Kasim Khan, under orders from Aurangzeb , defeated Ekoji I , son of Shāhji, and sold Bengaluru to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704),

2106-584: A majority of seats since independence, The BJP won 31.2% votes, while NDA 's combined vote share was 38.5%. However, the governing coalition had the largest majority since the 1984 elections , and it was the first time since 1984 that a party had won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties. In contrast, the result was the worst-ever performance by the Indian National Congress (INC), which had ruled India for most of its post-independence history. The INC received 19.3% of

2268-411: A majority or plurality. Rahul Gandhi told Dainik Bhaskar that he was "ready to take charge" of any responsibility the party gave him and he added that: "My focus for India is a long term vision, where all Indians are treated with equality, respect and are given equal opportunities." At the party meeting it was decided not to name a prime ministerial candidate amid fears it would turn the election into

2430-541: A minority religion tag for the Lingayat community and headed the Komu Souharda Vedike, a communal harmony platform for the oppressed communities. She was also of the view that the followers of philosopher Basavanna were not Hindus. Gauri was known for advocating freedom of the press . She had written about the wrongdoings of the Indian National Congress leader, D. K. Shivakumar , a close associate of

2592-403: A number of organisations for over a couple of days. The heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period is 179 mm (7 in) recorded on 1 October 1997. In 2022, Bengaluru faced a large amount of rainfall, 368% more than the yearly average. Several areas were flooded, and power supply was also cut off. March record high Bengaluru is a megacity with a population of 8,443,675 in

2754-498: A part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone), it has experienced earthquakes of magnitude as high as 4.5 on the Richter scale . Bengaluru has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ) with distinct wet and dry seasons. Due to its high elevation, Bengaluru usually enjoys a more moderate climate throughout the year, although occasional heat waves can make summer somewhat uncomfortable. The coolest month

2916-572: A political party of Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana (SSS) joined the Shiv Sena -BJP- Republican Party of India (A) alliance in February. The SSS, which represents the interests of farmers in western Maharashtra was offered two seats – Madha in Solapur, where NCP leader Sharad Pawar sits, and Hathkanangale, the seat of SSS leader Raju Shetti. Shetti also sought Baramati but this was rejected by

3078-595: A population of over a million. The city is widely regarded as the " Silicon Valley of India", as the largest IT hub of the country. Infosys , Wipro , Mindtree , Mphasis , Flipkart , and Myntra are headquartered in Bengaluru. IT companies located in the city contributed 33% of India's ₹1,442 billion (US$ 20 billion) IT exports in 2006–07. Bengaluru's IT industry is divided into three main clusters : Software Technology Parks of India (STPI); International Tech Park, Bangalore (ITPB); and Electronic City . Most of

3240-592: A possible floral origin of the name as derived from benga , the Kannada term for Pterocarpus marsupium (also known as the Indian Kino Tree), a species of dry and moist deciduous trees that grows abundantly in the region. On 11 December 2005, the Government of Karnataka accepted a proposal by Jnanpith Award winner U. R. Ananthamurthy to rename Bangalore to Bengalūru . On 27 September 2006,

3402-450: A presidential one. This was criticised by the BJP. Gandhi would instead lead the party's campaign. He also called the election a turning point. Sonia Gandhi then said that the party will face upcoming challenges and the election with a "lot of determination;" she added that the election would be a battle for India. "Divisive forces are stretching social fabric to breaking point. Opposition's way

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3564-657: A rally in Srinagar that in regards to Modi becoming prime minister "if it happens then Kashmir will not remain a part of India. I say it publicly. Kashmiris will not accept a communal person". He added before going to a scheduled rally in Magam that "those who vote for Modi should drown themselves in sea". Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) was in alliance with the INC in the states of Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. Rashtriya Janata Dal leader Lalu Prasad Yadav said of

3726-575: A registration link for voters with disabilities to register to vote and provide their requirements. The Chief Election Commissioner of India (CEC), V. S. Sampath , announced the polling schedule on 5 March. Voting was scheduled to be held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May, and the results of the election were announced on 16 May. Simultaneous elections were held for the Vidhan Sabha of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, Telangana and Sikkim. constituencies Important issues during

3888-733: A retelling of the Hindu epic Mahabharata . She clarified that she was supportive of both these writers, and asked why the Hindu groups who were offended by Perumal Murugan were not offended by Bhyrappa. On 19 February 2015, protesters from the Hassan Zilla Brahmin Sabha (" Hassan district Brahmin Association") organised a rally against her, urging the police to register a First Information Report against her. On 23 January 2008, Gauri published an article titled "Darodegilada BJP galu" in her newspaper. The article criticised

4050-469: A single urban centre in 1949. The city was generally known as Bangalore in English until the existing Kannada name, Bengalūru , was declared the city's official name in 2006. Bengaluru is considered to be one of the fastest-growing global major metropolises. Recent estimates of the metro economy of its urban area has ranked Bengaluru as one of the most productive metro areas of India. The city

4212-520: A staple in Indian cuisine , faced a dramatic increase. In the lead up to the election, consumer price inflation increased more than expected while, paradoxically, industrial production fell by more than expected, causing a dilemma amid slowing growth. The price of salt was also indicative of general food inflation . During the UPA-2 government, a number of scams came to public attention, deteriorating

4374-471: A trade office of Canada and a virtual Consulate of the United States. As of 2022, Bengaluru produces around 6000  metric tonnes of solid waste per day. This waste is transported from collection units located near Hesaraghatta Lake , to the garbage dumping sites. The city has considerable dust pollution, hazardous waste disposal, and disorganised, unscientific waste retrievals. The IT hub,

4536-541: A very diverse population, consisting of Dakhini and Urdu-speaking Muslims, Kutchi Memons , Labbay and Mappilas . The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP, Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation ) is in charge of civic administration of the city. It was formed in 2007 by merging 100 wards of the erstwhile Bangalore Mahanagara Palike , with seven neighbouring City Municipal Councils, one Town Municipal Council and 110 villages around Bengaluru. The number of wards increased to 243 in 2022. The BBMP

4698-673: A water supply to the city. Kaveri River flows about 60 miles (100 km) from the city of Bengaluru, and the river Kaveri provides around 80% of the city's water supply and the remaining 20% is obtained from the Thippagondanahalli and Hesaraghatta reservoirs of the Arkavathi river. Bengaluru receives 800 million litres (210 million US gallons) of water a day, more than any other Indian city, but Bengaluru does face occasional water shortages, especially during summer and in years with low rainfall. A random sampling of

4860-467: Is Kannada , spoken by 42.05% of the population. The second-largest language is Tamil , spoken by 16.34% of the population. 13.73% speak Telugu , 13.00% Urdu , 4.64% Hindi , 3.16% Malayalam and 2.05% have Marathi as their first language. Other languages with sizeable numbers of speakers include Konkani , Bengali , Marwari , Tulu , Odia , Gujarati , Kodagu , Punjabi , Lambadi , Sindhi and Nepali . The Kannada language spoken in Bengaluru

5022-556: Is January with an average low temperature of 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) and the hottest month is April with an average high of 34.1 °C (93.4 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Bengaluru was 39.2 °C (103 °F), recorded 24 April 2016, corresponding with the strong El Niño in that year. The lowest ever recorded is 7.8 °C (46 °F) in January 1884. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 14 °C (57 °F), and summer temperatures seldom exceed 36 °C (97 °F). Bengaluru receives rainfall from both

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5184-408: Is a form called 'Old Mysuru Kannada' which is also used in most of the southern part of Karnataka. A vernacular dialect of this, known as Bangalore Kannada , is spoken in Bengaluru and the adjoining Mysore regions. English is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the professional and business class. The major communities of Bengaluru who share a long history in the city, other than

5346-471: Is also the country's fourth largest fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. Forbes considers Bengaluru one of "The Next Decade's Fastest-Growing Cities". The city is the third largest hub for high-net-worth individuals . There were a large number of high-net-worth individuals with a ₹ 4.5 crore investment surplus in 2007. In the Ease of Living Index 2020, it was ranked the most livable Indian city with

5508-454: Is considered the pivot for high-technology-based heavy manufacturing industry, with numerous large multinational technology corporations setting up their headquarters there. It is home to many top-tier engineering and research institutions. Bengaluru is known as the "Silicon Valley of India" because it is the nation's leading software exporter as well as a major semiconductor hub. Several state-owned aerospace and defence organisations are in

5670-543: Is dissolved by the president . The previous election , to the 15th Lok Sabha , was conducted in April–May 2009, and its term would have naturally expired on 31 May 2014. The election to the 16th Lok Sabha was organised and conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) and was held in multiple phases, to better handle the large electoral base and security concerns. Since the last general election in 2009,

5832-493: Is primarily service oriented and industrial, dominated by information technology, telecommunication, biotechnology, and manufacturing of electronics, machinery, automobiles, food, etc. Major industrial areas around Bengaluru are Adugodi , Bidadi , Bommanahalli , Bommasandra , Domlur , Hoodi , Whitefield , Doddaballapura , Hoskote , Bashettihalli , Yelahanka , Electronic City , Peenya , Krishnarajapuram , Bellandur , Narasapura , Rajajinagar , Mahadevapura etc. It

5994-869: Is regulated by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) under the aegis of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), a Central Government entity. As part of the Waste Management Guidelines, the government of Karnataka through the KSPCB has authorised a few well-established companies to manage biomedical and other hazardous waste in Karnataka. Bengaluru is one of the fastest-growing metropolises in India. Bengaluru contributes 38% of India's total IT exports. Its economy

6156-674: Is regulated through the Bangalore Electricity Supply Company (BESCOM), while water supply and sanitation facilities are provided by the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB). The city has offices of the Consulate General of Germany , France, Japan, Israel, British Deputy High Commission, along with honorary consulates of Ireland, Finland, Switzerland, Maldives, Mongolia, Sri Lanka and Peru. It also has

6318-475: Is run by a city council of 250 members, including 198  corporators representing each of the wards of the city and 52 other elected representatives, consisting of members of Parliament and the state legislature. Elections to the council are held once every five years and are decided by popular vote . Members contesting elections to the council usually represent one or more of the state's political parties. A mayor and deputy mayor are also elected from

6480-602: Is the fifth Indian city to host maximum numbers of Fortune Companies , after Mumbai , Delhi , Kolkata and Chennai . The growth of IT has presented the city with unique challenges. Ideological clashes sometimes occur between the city's IT moguls, who demand an improvement in the city's infrastructure, and the state government, whose electorate is primarily from rural Karnataka. The encouragement of high-tech industry in Bengaluru, for example, has not favoured local employment development, but instead increased land values and forced out small enterprises. The state has also resisted

6642-532: Is the present city's supply of regular piped water. Modern Bengaluru was begun in 1537 by the chieftain Kempe Gowda I , who aligned with the Vijayanagara Empire under Emperor Achyuta Deva Raya to campaign against Gangaraja (whom he defeated and expelled to Kanchi), and who built a mud-brick fort for the people at the site that would become the central part of modern Bengaluru. Kempe Gowda

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6804-469: Is to spread disharmony. There's a face hidden behind the mask of compassion." In January, in an interview, Gandhi admitted that some Congress members may have been involved in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots and further stated that Modi's government was responsible for pushing the 2002 riots while the Congress government in 1984 tried to stop the anti Sikh riots . Fellow UPA member, Praful Patel said that

6966-550: The 2001 Census of India at Jalahalli , Sidhapura and Jadigenahalli, all of which are located on Bengaluru's outskirts today, suggest human settlement around 4000 BCE. Around 1,000 BCE (during the Iron Age ), burial grounds were established at Koramangala and Chikkajala on the outskirts of Bengaluru. Coins of the Roman emperors Augustus , Tiberius , and Claudius found at Yeswanthpur and HAL Airport indicate that

7128-674: The Adarsh Housing Society scam in Mumbai. He further criticised Gandhi's comments about his governance of Gujarat at rally in Bijapur . At a rally in Gurgaon , Haryana, part of the wider National Capital Region, Modi said: "People gave ruling Congress 60 years, I just need 60 months to prove that the BJP is the best option for India" and alleged that the INC was protecting Robert Vadra , the son-in-law of Sonia Gandhi, after he

7290-487: The All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH) in 1956. By 1961, Bengaluru had become the sixth-largest city in India, with a population of 1,207,000. In the following decades, Bengaluru's manufacturing base continued to expand with the establishment of private companies such as MICO (Motor Industries Company), which set up its manufacturing plant in the city. By the 1980s, urbanisation had spilled over

7452-485: The Bangalore Development Authority in 1976 to coordinate the activities of these two bodies. Public sector employment and education provided opportunities for Kannadigas from the rest of the state to migrate to the city. Bengaluru experienced rapid growth in the decades 1941–51 and 1971–81, which saw the arrival of many immigrants from northern Karnataka. The Government of India set up

7614-611: The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) passed a resolution to implement the name change. The government of Karnataka accepted the proposal and it was decided to officially implement the name change from 1 November 2006. The Union government approved this request, along with name changes for 11 other Karnataka cities, in October 2014. Hence, Bangalore was renamed to "Bengaluru" on 1 November 2014. A discovery of Stone Age artefacts during

7776-601: The High Court , seeking dismissal of the case against her. However, in 2016, the High Court refused to dismiss the case and gave instructions for the hearing to be continued in the lower court. The High Court granted a four-week stay on the case, however, and directed the lower court to complete the trial within six months. In October 2016, the second Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC) Court at Hubli issued an arrest warrant for Gauri after she failed to appear before

7938-762: The Kannadigas , are the Telugus and Tamilians , who both migrated to Bengaluru in search of a better livelihood, and the Dakhanis . Already in the 16th century, Bengaluru had few Tamil or Telugu or speakers, who spoke Kannada for business. Telugu-speaking people initially came to Bengaluru on invitation by the Mysore royalty. Other native communities are the Tuluvas and the Konkanis of coastal Karnataka, and

8100-795: The Karnataka High Court , the Vidhana Soudha (the home of the Karnataka state legislature) and Raj Bhavan (the residence of the governor of Karnataka). Bengaluru contributes four members to the lower house of the Indian Parliament , the Lok Sabha , from its four constituencies: Bangalore Rural , Bangalore Central , Bangalore North , and Bangalore South , and 28 members to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly . Electricity in Bengaluru

8262-612: The Kingdom of Mysore . When Haider Ali seized control of the kingdom, Bengaluru's administration passed into his hands. The city was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), which then returned administrative control of the city, along with the kingdom, to Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar III . The old city developed under the dominions of

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8424-625: The Kodavas of the state's Kodagu district . The migrant communities include Maharashtrians , Punjabis , Rajasthanis , Gujaratis , Tamilians , Telugus , Malayalis , Odias , Sindhis , Biharis, Jharkhandis, and Bengalis . Bengaluru once had a large Anglo-Indian population, the second-largest after Kolkata . Today, there are around 10,000 Anglo-Indians in Bengaluru. Christians in Bengaluru include Tamil Christians , Mangalorean Catholics , Kannadiga Christians, Malayali Syrian Christians and Northeast Indian Christians . Muslims form

8586-604: The Lok Satta Party stated that while his party had a few differences of opinion with the BJP manifesto, they had decided to support the NDA in the "national interest". On the other hand, Dr. Jayaprakash Narayan contested from the Malkajgiri . Malkajgiri had 2,953,915 eligible voters in the election making it the largest parliamentary constituency of the country in terms of number of voters. The Swabhimani Paksha (SWP)

8748-643: The National Democratic Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table: The NDA garnered an overwhelming number of 336 seats in this election. This has propelled it to form the government in the country. Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi was appointment to lead the Bharatiya Janata Party 's campaign after a party conclave in Goa. This came amid controversy as L. K. Advani opposed

8910-633: The Purulia seat and a new candidate in the Cooch Behar seat . On 19 March, Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) leader Mayawati declared that the party would contest the election on its own and fielded candidates in all 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh. Mayawati was confident that the BSP would seek a mandate to form a government with support of secular parties. The party secured the third highest vote share in

9072-502: The Vijayanagara times. An apocryphal story states that the twelfth-century Hoysala king Veera Ballala II , while on a hunting expedition, lost his way in the forest. Tired and hungry, he came across a poor old woman who served him boiled beans. The grateful king named the place "Benda-Kaal-uru" (literally, "town of boiled beans"), which eventually evolved into "Bengalūru". Suryanath Kamath has put forward an explanation of

9234-578: The air quality index (AQI) of twenty stations within the city ranged from 76 to 314, suggesting heavy to severe air pollution around areas of high traffic. Bengaluru has a handful of freshwater lakes and water tanks , the largest of which are Madivala tank, Hebbal Lake , Ulsoor Lake, Yediyur Lake and Sankey Tank . However, about 90% of Bengaluru's lakes are polluted; the city government began revival and conservation efforts in December 2020. Groundwater occurs in silty to sandy layers of

9396-466: The alluvial sediments. The Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC) is the most dominant rock unit in the area and includes granites , gneisses and migmatites , while the soils of Bengaluru consist of red laterite and red, fine loamy to clayey soils. The city's vegetation is mostly large deciduous canopy and some coconut trees. Many trees are frequently felled to pave way for infrastructure development. Though Bengaluru has been classified as

9558-531: The anti-corruption movement by Anna Hazare , and other similar moves by Baba Ramdev and Arvind Kejriwal (founder of Aam Aadmi Party ), gathered momentum and political interest. Kejriwal went on to form a separate political party, Aam Aadmi Party, in November 2012. The 2012 presidential election resulted in Pranab Mukherjee of Indian National Congress becoming the president. Andhra politics

9720-750: The hydroelectric plant situated in Shivanasamudra . The Indian Institute of Science was established in 1909, which subsequently played a major role in developing the city as a science research hub. In 1912, the Bangalore torpedo , an offensive explosive weapon widely used in World War I and World War II , was devised in Bengaluru by British army officer Captain McClintock of the Madras Sappers and Miners . Bengaluru's reputation as

9882-450: The labour unrest in Binny Mills due to demand by textile workers for payment of bonus resulted in lathi charging and police firing, resulting in the death of four workers, and several injuries. In July 1928, there were notable communal disturbances in Bengaluru, like when a Ganesh idol was removed from a school compound in the Sultanpet area of Bengaluru. In 1940, the first flight between Bengaluru and Mumbai took off, which placed

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10044-610: The police commissioner is Pratap Reddy. Bengaluru's rapid growth has created several administrative problems relating to traffic congestion and degrading infrastructure. The unplanned nature of growth in the city resulted in massive traffic gridlocks ; a flyover system and one-way traffic systems were introduced, which were only moderately successful. A 2003  Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) evaluation of Bengaluru's physical, biological and socioeconomic parameters indicated that Bengaluru's water quality and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems were close to ideal, while

10206-458: The social media , individuals came up with satirical takes on sports, movies (in Hindi and English) and songs, amongst other things, in support of the BJP campaign slogan that were premised on " Aab ki baar, Modi sarkar " ([This time, [we will have a] Modi government]). Modi was noted for focusing, in his rallies across the country, on the 23 million first-time come-of-age voters. By the last day of campaigning on 10 May, Narendra Modi had undertaken

10368-431: The "Garden City of India" began in 1927 with the silver jubilee celebrations of the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV . Several projects such as the construction of parks, public buildings and hospitals were instituted to improve the city. Bengaluru played an important role during the Indian independence movement . Mahatma Gandhi visited the city in 1927 and 1934 and addressed public meetings here. In 1926,

10530-412: The 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014. The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centers. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) received 31% of the vote and won 282 seats, while its National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won a total of 336 seats. Although the Indian National Congress (INC) was defeated by a landslide , the BJP's vote share was the lowest by a party winning

10692-425: The 19th century, Bengaluru essentially became a twin city , with the "pētē", whose residents were predominantly Kannadigas and the cantonment created by the British. Throughout the 19th century, the Cantonment gradually expanded and acquired a distinct cultural and political salience as it was governed directly by the British and was known as the Civil and Military Station of Bangalore. While it remained in

10854-452: The 2002 matter should be put to rest. As Gandhi was reported to have sought an early declaration of the party's candidates, the INC was scheduled to hold its first meeting of the central election committee on 13 February to finalise all their candidates by the end of the month. Similarly, the screening committees for several unnamed part of the country had already occurred so as to shortlist the candidates. On 8 March, its list of 194 candidates

11016-509: The 2011  census of India, 79% of Bengaluru's population is Hindu , a little less than the national average . Muslims comprise 13.9% of the population, roughly the same as their national average. Christians and Jains account for 5.4% and 1.0% of the population, respectively, double that of their national averages. The city has a literacy rate of 90%. Roughly 10% of Bengaluru's population lives in slums —a relatively low proportion when compared to other cities in

11178-403: The 21st century, Bengaluru has had major terrorist attacks in 2008 , 2010 , and 2013 . Bengaluru lies in the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It is in the heart of the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Cretaceous Deccan Plateau ) at an average elevation of 900 m (2,953 ft). It covers an area of 741 km (286 sq mi). The majority of

11340-408: The Aigandapura complex near Hesaraghatta , Mukthi Natheshwara Temple at Binnamangala, Choleshwara Temple at Begur , Someshwara Temple at Ulsoor , date from the Chola era. In 1117, the Hoysala king Vishnuvardhana defeated the Cholas in the Battle of Talakad in south Karnataka, and extended its rule over the region. Vishnuvardhana expelled the Cholas from all parts of the Mysore state. By

11502-401: The BJP leaders Pralhad Joshi , Umesh Dushi, Shivanand Bhat, and Venkatesh Mestry. The article stated that the three BJP workers had cheated a jeweller of ₹ 100,000 (equivalent to ₹ 140,000 or US$ 1,700 in 2023). It also stated that the jeweller sought payment from Member of Parliament Joshi and threatened to approach the police should Joshi refuse to help him. Gauri later claimed that

11664-480: The BJP leaders had managed to cover their tracks by reaching a compromise with the jeweler; she refused to disclose her source for the corruption allegations against them. She also described the court verdict as a temporary setback and declared that she would challenge it in the higher court. Gauri and Chidanand Rajghatta divorced after five years of marriage; she remained single after the separation. Although she lived alone and did not have any children, she considered

11826-500: The BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi from Varanasi . Its spokesperson Prashant Bhushan argued that AAP's national debut performance was better than that of the winning party BJP in its first national elections in 1984. The  All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam  (AIADMK) opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own. Party General Secretary  J. Jayalalithaa  told

11988-619: The BJP's ruling chances that "Modi and Advani can never become the prime minister in their lifetime. Secular forces in this country would never allow the saffron outfit to come to power". In relation to the INC's Rahul Gandhi he said that Gandhi wants to bring change to the country; he added in relation to Digvijay Singh that he was a "good man". Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) contested polls in alliance with INC and RJD in Jharkhand . JMM and INC contested in four and ten seats each, respectively. JMM leader Shibu Soren will run from Dumka , while

12150-762: The British returned administrative control of the Bengaluru pētē to the Maharaja of Mysore and was incorporated into the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . The old pētē developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore. The Residency of Mysore State was first established in Mysore City in 1799 and later shifted to Bengaluru in 1804. It

12312-679: The CPI (M) made an electoral pact with the CPI and other left parties. In Andhra Pradesh, however, no agreement could be reached between the CPI (M) and the CPI due to differences on the Telangana issue; CPI (M) opposed bifurcation, while the CPI supported creating Telangana. In Telangana region, CPI contested one seat (in alliance with Indian National Congress ), while CPI (M) contested two seats. The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), formed in 2012, contested 432 seats and won 4 seats. The party's manifesto focused on anti-corruption measures. Earlier in 2013,

12474-806: The CPI (M), while 20 of its candidates were running for the first time. In Kerala, the CPI (M) contested as a constituent of the Left Democratic Front . In the list of the 15 CPI (M) candidates in Kerala released in mid-March, four were incumbent Lok Sabha members and five others were independents. The Kollam seat was allocated to M. A. Baby after the RSP left the LDF and joined the United Democratic Front . In Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Odisha and Tamil Nadu,

12636-467: The Congress-led state government for allegedly failing to protect the lives of Gauri and other writers like Kalburgi. Protests over her death took place all across India, including a rally in Bangalore a week after the funeral attended by more than 25,000 people. Gauri was given a state funeral with a gun salute on 6 September, after her body was kept for a few hours at Ravindra Kalakshetra for

12798-747: The Country and yet did not win a single seat. At a press conference held on 10 March, General Secretary of the party Dipankar Bhattacharya said his party would field 85 candidates in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jharkhand and Puducherry. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) opted not to join an UPA pre-poll alliance and contested all seats in Tamil Nadu with its own regional alliance. Party leader Karunanidhi announced Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA) with local parties like VCK, MMK, IUML and Puthiya Tamizhagam. DMK

12960-674: The Doddapētē Square—the heart of Bengaluru. Kempe Gowda I's During the Vijayanagara rule, many saints and poets referred to Bengaluru as "Devarāyanagara" and "Kalyānapura" or "Kalyānapuri" ("Auspicious City"). After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 in the Battle of Talikota , Kempe Gowda I declared independence. His successor, Kempe Gowda II, built four towers that marked Bengaluru's boundary. Then in 1638,

13122-571: The IT companies are located in Bommanahalli , Domlur , Whitefield , Electronic City , Krishnarajapuram , Bellandur , and Mahadevapura . 2014 Indian general election Manmohan Singh INC Narendra Modi BJP General elections were held in India in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014 to elect the members of the 16th Lok Sabha . With 834 million registered voters, they were

13284-608: The Indian National Congress and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh . The Congress leader and Karnataka Home Minister Ramalinga Reddy compared the murder to that of Narendra Dabholkar and M. M. Kalburgi . Controversial statements by BJP MLA D. N. Jeevaraj and Sri Ram Sena chief Pramod Muthalik were widely criticized. The state police chief, R. K. Dutta, refused to suggest any possible suspects without investigation. BJP leaders criticised

13446-682: The Rajya Sabha in favour of running in the election. Advani was given the Gandhinagar seat because Modi wanted him to contest from Gujarat, according to Rajnath Singh. Arun Jaitley contested for the Lok Sabha for the first time (having previously been a Rajya Sabha member) from Amritsar against former Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh . The move was controversial as incumbent MP from Amritsar Navjot Singh Sidhu

13608-602: The Shiv Sena and BJP, who decided to leave a seat each from their quotas of 22 and 26 to accommodate SSS. Rashtriya Samaj Paksha also joined the alliance in January. In addition to the aforementioned four parties that were contesting from Maharashtra, RSP was also in the alliance. Shiromani Akali Dal contested 10 out of 13 seats in Punjab . The constituents of the United Progressive Alliance and

13770-770: The Traffic Police, the City Armed Reserve, the Central Crime Branch and the City Crime Record Bureau and runs 86 police stations, including two all-women police stations. Other units within the BCP include Traffic Police, City Armed Reserve (CAR), City Special Branch (CSB), City Crime Branch (CCB) and City Crime Records Bureau (CCRB). As capital of the state of Karnataka, Bengaluru houses important state government facilities such as

13932-582: The Whitefield region, is the most polluted area in Bengaluru. In 2016, a study found that over 36% of diesel vehicles in the city exceed the national limit for emissions. Anil Kumar, Commissioner of the BBMP, said: "The deteriorating air quality in cities and its impact on public health is an area of growing concern for city authorities. While much is already being done about collecting and monitoring air quality data, little focus has been given on managing

14094-405: The activists Jignesh Mevani , Kanhaiya Kumar , Umar Khalid and Shehla Rashid Shora her "adopted children" metaphorically. On 5 September 2017, Gauri died after being shot by three unidentified men at her house in Rajarajeshwari Nagar , Bangalore. The men fired at least seven bullets at her at around 8 p.m. as she was unlocking the main door of her house after returning from her office. One of

14256-557: The area. The new centre had its own municipal and administrative apparatus, though technically it was a British enclave within the territory of the Wodeyar Kings of the Princely State of Mysore . Two important developments which contributed to the rapid growth of the city, include the introduction of telegraph connections to all major Indian cities in 1853 and a rail connection to Madras (now Chennai), in 1864. In

14418-401: The article was based on "sources within the BJP". Joshi and Dushi filed separate defamation suits against Gauri. In Dushi's case, she was a co-accused with Devanand Jagapur, the writer of the article. Gauri stated that she was being targeted for her left-leaning political views, as the BJP leaders did not sue other local dailies who had published the same allegations. Gauri moved the case to

14580-569: The building of the Lal Bagh Botanical Gardens in 1760. Under them, Bengaluru developed into a commercial and military centre of strategic importance. The Bengaluru fort was captured by British forces under Lord Cornwallis on 21 March 1791 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War and formed a centre for British resistance against Tipu Sultan. Following Tipu's death in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799),

14742-447: The campaign included high inflation, lack of jobs, economic slow down, corruption, security and terrorism, religious division and communalism, and infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water. In a survey by Zee News , inflation was indicated to be the main issue in the election. Bloomberg highlighted India's slowing economy amidst a record high current account deficit and a falling rupee in summer 2013. It pointed out

14904-417: The case series Story Killers . Bangalore Bengaluru ( Kannada: [ˈbeŋɡɐɭuːɾu] ; ISO : Beṁgaḷūru ), formerly called Bangalore in English ( / ˈ b æ ŋ ɡ ə l ɔːr , ˌ b æ ŋ ɡ ə ˈ l ɔː r / BANG -gə-lor, -⁠ LOR ), is the capital and largest city of the southern Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of more than 8 million and

15066-772: The city and 10,456,000 in the urban agglomeration, up from 8.5 million at the 2011 census. It is the third most populous city in India, the 18th most populous city in the world and the fifth most populous urban agglomeration in India. With a growth rate of 38% during the decade, Bengaluru was the fastest-growing Indian metropolis after New Delhi between 1991 and 2001. Residents of Bengaluru are referred to as "Bangaloreans" in English, Bengaloorinavaru or Bengaloorigaru in Kannada and Banglori in Hindi or Urdu . People from other states have migrated to Bengaluru to study or work there as well. According to

15228-504: The city and connects with five sewage treatment centres located in the city's periphery. In the 16th century, Kempe Gowda I constructed many lakes to meet the town's water requirements. The Kempambudhi Kere, since overrun by modern development, was prominent among those lakes. In the first half of the 20th century, the Nandi Hills waterworks were commissioned by Sir Mirza Ismail ( Diwan of Mysore, 1926–41 CE) to provide

15390-602: The city of Bengaluru lies in the Bangalore Urban district of Karnataka and the surrounding rural areas are a part of the Bangalore Rural district . The Government of Karnataka has carved out the new district of Ramanagara from the old Bangalore Rural district. Bengaluru's topography is generally flat, although the western parts of the city are hilly. The highest point is Vidyaranyapura Doddabettahalli , 962 m (3,156 ft) above sea level, situated to

15552-591: The city on India's urban map. After India's independence in August 1947, Bengaluru remained in the newly carved Mysore State of which the Maharaja of Mysore was the Rajapramukh (appointed governor). The "City Improvement Trust" was formed in 1945, and in 1949, the "City" and the "Cantonment" merged to form the Bangalore City Corporation . The Government of Karnataka later constituted

15714-457: The city's socioeconomic parameters (traffic, quality of life ) air quality and noise pollution were poor. The BBMP works in conjunction with the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) and the Agenda for Bangalore's Infrastructure and Development Task Force (ABIDe) to design and implement civic and infrastructural projects. The Bengaluru City Police (BCP) has seven geographic zones, includes

15876-415: The city. The presence of numerous notable sporting arenas in Bengaluru makes it one of the country's sporting hubs. Bangalore is an anglicised version of the city's Kannada name Bengalūru . It was the name of a village near Kodigehalli in Bengaluru city today and was used by Kempe Gowda to name the city as Bengalūru at the time of its foundation in 1537. The earliest reference to the name "Bengalūru"

16038-463: The conference, Gauri remarked that the non brahmin- Dalit author Perumal Murugan was criticised by right-wing Hindu groups for depicting a childless Hindu couple who indulged in consensual sex rituals outside of marriage to have children in his book One Part Woman . She then pointed out that the Brahmin novelist S. L. Bhyrappa had also depicted the similar Niyoga practice in his novel Parva ,

16200-413: The convenor of the BJP's ex-servicemen cell, Brigadier (Retired) Lal Chand Jaswal. The move followed the BJP raising the issue in the previous years and Modi's announcement at an ex-servicemen's rally at Rewari on 15 September 2013 and at Sujanpur on 17 February. Modi also criticised the INC and Rahul Gandhi for giving a ticket to former Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan despite his indictment in

16362-497: The country who converted Bengaluru's large plots and colonial bungalows into multi-storied apartments. In 1985, Texas Instruments became the first multinational corporation to set up base in Bengaluru. Other information technology companies followed suit and by the end of the 20th century, Bengaluru had established itself as the Silicon Valley of India . Today, Bengaluru is India's third most populous city. During

16524-456: The court and did not respond to earlier warrants. The police detained her and produced her before the court on 1 October 2016. She was released on bail after furnishing a personal bond of ₹ 25,000 (equivalent to ₹ 36,000 or US$ 430 in 2023). On 27 November 2016, the second JMFC court concluded that Gauri had failed to provide any substantial evidence for her criticism of the BJP leaders and found her guilty of defamation. The court imposed

16686-416: The creation of Telangana. The Cabinet of India revised the limit of election expenditure by a candidate for parliamentary constituencies to ₹ 7 million (US$ 84,000) in bigger states and to ₹ 5.4 million (US$ 65,000) in smaller states and all union territories except Delhi. This revision of the ceiling on the elections were attributed to the increase in the number of electors and polling stations as well as

16848-578: The current boundaries, and in 1986, the Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority , was established to co-ordinate the development of the entire region as a single unit. On 8 February 1981, a major fire broke out at Venus Circus in Bengaluru, where more than 92 people died, the majority of them children. Bengaluru experienced a growth in its real estate market in the 1980s and 1990s, spurred by capital investors from other parts of

17010-610: The decision and resigned from his party posts, only to later rescind his resignation. Murli Manohar Joshi and Sushma Swaraj were part of the team for the campaign. Rajnath Singh , Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani were the mentors for the BJP's campaign. A 12-member committee, led by Modi, was appointed at the Goa conclave which included M. Venkaiah Naidu , Nitin Gadkari , Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan , Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh and Goa Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar . Modi contested

17172-542: The developing world such as Mumbai (50%) and Nairobi (60%). The 2008  National Crime Records Bureau statistics indicate that Bengaluru accounts for 8.5% of the total crimes reported from 35 major cities in India which is an increase in the crime rate when compared to the number of crimes fifteen years ago. In the Ease of Living Index 2020 ( published by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs ), it

17334-634: The documentary mini-series Vivek-Reason by Anand Patwardhan . Gauri Lankesh is seen as an important figure for people who are protesting against rightward shift in the governance, for instance on her third death anniversary several journalists and activists participated in #IfWeDoNotRise campaign in her memory and in wake of arrests of dissidents across the nation. In 2021, Burnaby , a Canadian city decided to celebrate Gauri Lankesh Day on September 5 to commemorate her on her death anniversary. In 2023, " Forbidden Stories pursued Lankesh’s work on fake news and explored new leads in her murder case" as part of

17496-464: The dynastic INC leader, Sonia Gandhi, for influence within his own cabinet. Singh's office retorted in saying it is "smacks of fiction and coloured views of a former adviser." After Baru said "it is no secret that Sonia Gandhi was the super prime minister," Priyanka Vadra replied "I think Manmohan Singh ji is the super PM." Minister for New and Renewable Energy and Jammu & Kashmir National Conference chairman Farooq Abdullah , controversially, told

17658-459: The elected members of the council. Elections to the BBMP were held on 28 March 2010, after a gap of three and a half years since the expiry of the previous elected body's term, and the Bharatiya Janata Party was voted into power – the first time it had ever won a civic poll in the city. Indian National Congress councillor Sampath Raj became the city's mayor in September 2017;

17820-472: The election from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh and Vadodara in Gujarat. In Varanasi, the sizeable Muslim minority population was viewed by the media as an important voter target and the BJP's minority cell leader Salim Mohommad took part in campaigning. Advani wanted to contest from Bhopal but later agreed to contest again from his incumbent seat Gandhinagar . He also rejected a proposal to be appointed to

17982-570: The end of the 13th century, Bengaluru became a source of contention between two warring cousins, the Hoysala ruler Veera Ballala III of Halebidu and Ramanatha, who administered from the Hoysala held territory in Tamil Nadu. Veera Ballala III had appointed a civic head at Hudi (now within Bangalore Municipal Corporation limits), thus promoting the village to the status of a town. After Veera Ballala III's death in 1343,

18144-575: The former Chief Minister of Karnataka , S. M. Krishna . She was opposed to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and ended her 35-year-old friendship with Prakash Belawadi when the latter became a media advisor to the BJP during the 2014 Indian general election . In November 2014, the Congress-led Karnataka government appointed Gauri as a member of a committee aimed at convincing the Naxalites to give up violence and surrender. However,

18306-413: The foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas, or pétés , which still exist. After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Kempe Gowda declared independence; in 1638, a large Adil Shahi Bijapur army defeated Kempe Gowda III, and Bengaluru came under Shahaji Bhonsle as a jagir , which later became his capital. The Mughals later captured Bengaluru and sold it to Maharaja Devaraja Wodeyar II of

18468-449: The fourth anniversary of the second United Progressive Alliance government, that its campaign for the election would be led by incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh , INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi and general secretary Rahul Gandhi . Rahul Gandhi was appointed to head a six-member committee to formulate and implement alliances, the party manifesto and general publicity for the election. In response to sagging opinion poll numbers for

18630-677: The general election, the INC sought to fast-track a decision on separating Telangana from Andhra Pradesh , create a coalition government with the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha and the Rashtriya Janata Dal in Jharkhand, sought to take credit for the Food Security Bill and passing Land Acquisition Bill. Incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that he would not return to his role should the INC get

18792-1058: The image of the government among the common man. These scams included coal scam , 2G spectrum case , AgustaWestland Chopper scam and CWG scam . Celebrity candidates from non-political spheres were nominated in the election. These included: Raj Babbar (INC), Bhaichung Bhutia (AITC), Biswajit Chatterjee (AITC), Sandhya Roy (AITC), Smriti Irani (BJP), Jaaved Jaaferi (AAP), Prakash Jha (JD(U)), Mohammad Kaif (INC), Kamaal Rashid Khan (SP), Vinod Khanna (BJP), Ravi Kishan (INC), Kirron Kher (BJP), Bappi Lahiri (BJP), Hema Malini (BJP), Mahesh Manjrekar (MNS), Bhagwant Mann (AAP), Nandan Nilekani (INC), Gul Panag (AAP), Jaya Prada (RLD), Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (BJP), Paresh Rawal (BJP), Rakhi Sawant (RAP), Indranil Sen (AITC), Moon Moon Sen (AITC), Vijay Kumar Singh (BJP), Shatrughan Sinha (BJP), P. C. Sorcar Jr. (BJP), Babul Supriyo (BJP), Manoj Tiwari (BJP), Innocent Vincent ( LDF -IND), Nagma (INC), Dev (AITC), and Siddhanta Mahapatra (BJD). The constituents of

18954-474: The impacts that bad air quality is having on the health of citizens." According to a 2012  report submitted to the World Bank by Karnataka Slum Clearance Board, Bengaluru had 862 slums out of around 2000 slums in all of Karnataka. 42% of the households migrated from different parts of India like Chennai , Hyderabad and most of North India , and 43% of the households had remained in

19116-563: The importance of diplomats discussing issues like trade facilitation and promoting Indian business abroad. Lok Janshakti Party leader Ram Vilas Paswan announced on 30 January that the LJP, RJD and INC will jointly contest the election from Bihar's constituencies. He later announced on 27 February that he will instead join the NDA. LJP contested polls with the BJP and Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) on 40 seats with 30 seats for BJP, three seats for RLSP and seven seats for LJP. LJP and RLSP won all

19278-583: The increase in the cost inflation index. Satyendra Singh , a doctor with a disability, showed the lack of preparedness by the Election Commission of India (ECI) towards electors with disabilities through the Right to Information Act . The Chief Electoral Officer in Delhi, Vijay Dev then started a campaign on providing accessibility for the disabled, along with him. Singh conducted sensitisation workshops for election officers and helped in setting up

19440-449: The issue of farmer suicides that resulted from high debt and poor yield on their crops. Former Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha criticised the incumbent Chidambaram in saying that he had a "habit that he will get a strong economy, and he will ruin it before he leaves... Shri Chidambaram will be remembered in history as a spoiler, as someone who specialises in sub-five per cent growth rate, for his hubris, arrogance". The price of onions,

19602-448: The killers, who was waiting for her near her house, fired the first shots at her, while the two others, who are suspected to have followed her from her office, joined the initial shooter thereafter. The killers were wearing helmets and escaped on a two-wheeler Honda Dio after the murder. Three of the bullets pierced Gauri's head, neck, and chest, killing her instantly. The murder was condemned by several people and organisations, including

19764-486: The largest mass outreach in India's electoral history by travelling about 300,000 km for 437 public meetings in 25 states and 1350 innovative 3D rallies according to the BJP. In regards to foreign relations of India , Modi in a rally in Arunachal Pradesh, a state which borders China with a history of border disputes, swore to protect the country and criticised "Chinese expansionism". He also highlighted

19926-446: The largest-ever elections in the world until being surpassed by the 2019 election . Around 23.1 million or 2.71% of the total eligible voters were aged 18–19 years. A total of 8,251 candidates contested the 543 elected Lok Sabha seats. The average election turnout over all nine phases was around 66.40%, the highest ever in the history of Indian general elections until 2019 election. The results were declared on 16 May, 15 days before

20088-451: The maharaja. In 1809, the British shifted their cantonment to Bengaluru, outside the old city, and a town grew up around it. Following India's independence in 1947, Bengaluru became the capital of Mysore State , and remained the capital when the state was enlarged and unified in 1956 and renamed Karnataka in 1973. The two urban settlements of Bengaluru, the town and the cantonment, which had developed as independent entities, merged into

20250-427: The massive investments required to reverse the rapid decline in city transport, driving new and expanding businesses elsewhere in India. Bengaluru is a hub for Indian biotechnology -related industry and in 2005 was home to around 47% of the 265 biotechnology companies in India, including Biocon , India's largest biotechnology company, giving Bengaluru the nickname of the "Biotech Capital of India". Bengaluru

20412-475: The murders of Dabholkar and Kalburgi. In June 2018, the SIT stated that Parashuram Waghmore had confessed to the murder: he claimed that he was told to kill someone to save his religion, and that he did not know who the victim was. In September 2018, Maharashtra ATS detained 2 suspects related to Gauri's murder and also recovered a cache of weapons from them. A March 2019 New York Times article on Gauri Lankesh includes

20574-500: The neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh , Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu were also alerted. On 8 September, the Karnataka government announced a reward of ₹ 1 million (equivalent to ₹ 1.4 million or US$ 17,000 in 2023) for providing information about the killers. In 2018, the Special Investigation Team (SIT) probing the murder case detained two suspects, whom they also suspected of being involved in

20736-742: The next empire to rule the region was the Vijayanagara Empire , which itself saw the rise of four dynasties, the Sangamas (1336–1485), the Saluvas (1485–1491), the Tuluvas (1491–1565), and the Aravidu (1565–1646). During the reign of the Vijayanagara Empire, Achyuta Deva Raya of the Tuluva dynasty raised the Shivasamudra Dam across the Arkavati river at Hesaraghatta , whose reservoir

20898-499: The northeast and the southwest monsoons , and the wettest months is September, followed by October and August. The summer heat is moderated by fairly frequent thunderstorms , which occasionally cause power outages and local flooding. Most of the rainfall occurs during the late afternoon or evening and rain before noon is infrequent. November 2015 (290.4 mm) was recorded as one of the wettest months in Bengaluru with heavy rains causing severe flooding in some areas, and closure of

21060-596: The northwest of the city. No major rivers run through the city, although the Arkavathi and South Pennar cross paths at the Nandi Hills , 60 km (37 mi) to the north. River Vrishabhavathi , a minor tributary of the Arkavathi, arises within the city at Basavanagudi and flows through the city. The rivers Arkavathi and Vrishabhavathi together carry much of Bengaluru's sewage . A sewerage system, constructed in 1922, covers 215 km (83 sq mi) of

21222-514: The opinion polls pointing to a NDA plurality as misleading and partisan. In its manifesto the party promised " inclusive growth " and that it would initiate a raft of welfare schemes, including a right to healthcare for all and pensions for the aged and disabled. Manmohan Singh, Sonia and Rahul Gandhi's INC campaigning included scheduled stops in Odisha and, on 20 April, in Maharashtra prior to

21384-555: The other three party's seats could come from Rajmahal, Giridih and the purpose-built city of Jamshedpur. The Communist Party of India (Marxist) declared their campaign slogan as "Reject Congress, Defeat BJP." On 3 April, the party published its fourth list of candidates for a total of 94 candidates. In West Bengal, CPI (M) contested as part of the Left Front . 32 out of the 42 Left Front candidates in West Bengal came from

21546-486: The paper's ideology. These differences became public in February 2005, when a report about a Naxalite attack on policemen, approved by Gauri, was published in the magazine. On 13 February, Indrajit (who was the paper's proprietor and publisher) withdrew the report, alleging that it favored the Naxals. On 14 February, Indrajit filed a police complaint against Gauri, accusing her of stealing a computer, printer, and scanner from

21708-551: The party had made an impressive electoral debut by winning the second highest number of seats in the Delhi Legislative Assembly elections . After forming a short-lived minority government in Delhi, AAP was seen as a major challenger to the other political parties. However, the party lost deposits on 413 seats, surpassing the record of Doordarshi Party , which had lost deposit on 321 seats in 1991. AAP's leader Arvind Kejriwal unsuccessfully contested against

21870-459: The party's Secretary Debabrata Biswas the main objective of the party was "to strengthen and unite the Left, democratic and secular forces to achieve an alternative policy for reconstruction of the country." In West Bengal the party contested the election as part of the Left Front . To defend the two West Bengal seats that it won in 2009, the party decided to field incumbent MP Narahari Mahato in

22032-566: The princely territory of Mysore, Cantonment had a large military presence and a cosmopolitan civilian population that came from outside the princely state of Mysore, including British and Anglo-Indians army officers. Bengaluru was hit by a plague epidemic in 1898 that claimed nearly 3,500 lives. The crisis caused by the outbreak catalysed the city's sanitation process. Telephone lines were laid to help co-ordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper sanitation facilities came into effect. A health officer

22194-436: The public to pay tribute. She was buried in accordance with Lingayat customs. Her family did not follow any religious customs for her as she identified as a rationalist . The BBC described it as the most high-profile journalist murdered in recent years. The New York Times reported that several accounts followed by prime minister Narendra Modi had posted "hateful" tweets in response to Lankesh's assassination, prompting

22356-453: The publication's office. Gauri filed a counter-complaint, accusing Indrajit of threatening her with a revolver . On 15 February, Indrajit held a press conference, where he accused Gauri of promoting Naxalism through the paper. Gauri held a separate press conference where she denied the accusation and stated that her brother was opposed to her social activism. Gauri subsequently started her own Kannada weekly called Gauri Lankesh Patrike . Gauri

22518-563: The region was involved in trans-oceanic trade with the Romans and other civilisations in 27 BCE. The region of modern-day Bengaluru was part of several successive South Indian kingdoms. Between the fourth and tenth centuries, the region was ruled by the Western Ganga dynasty of Karnataka, the first dynasty to set up effective control over the region. According to Edgar Thurston , there were twenty-eight kings who ruled Gangavadi from

22680-545: The reign of Raja Raja Chola I , the Cholas defeated the Western Gangas under the command of the crown prince Rajendra Chola I , and captured Bengaluru. During this period, the Bengaluru region witnessed the migration of many groups—warriors, administrators, traders, artisans, pastorals, cultivators, and religious personnel from Tamil Nadu and other Kannada-speaking regions. The Chokkanathaswamy temple at Domlur ,

22842-467: The seats allotted to them with BJP winning 22 seats. The election was seen by many BJP leaders as a show of strength after fallout with JD(U). After the election results, Nitish Kumar was forced to resign from the post of Chief Minister after being marginalized to just 2 seats. Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), led by Tamil film actor Vijayakanth joined the NDA on 26 February. On 10 April, while campaigning in Telangana, Jayaprakash Narayan of

23004-505: The seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table: This election turned out to be an unprecedented disaster for the UPA as they garnered the lowest number of seats in their history. In March, the INC, RJD and NCP announced that they would jointly contest in Bihar. The INC contested 12 seats, NCP fought on 1 seat and the RJD, being a regional party, would seek the rest of 27 seats. The Indian National Congress had announced, on

23166-452: The slums for over 10 years. The Karnataka Municipality works to shift 300 families annually to newly constructed buildings. One-third of these slum clearance projects lacked basic service connections, 60% of slum dwellers lacked complete water supply lines and shared BWSSB water supply. Ιn 2012, Bengaluru generated 2.1 million tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste , or 194.3 kilograms per person. Waste management in Karnataka

23328-770: The start of the Christian era until its conquest by the Cholas. The Western Gangas ruled the region initially as a sovereign power (350–550 CE), and later as feudatories of the Chalukyas of Badami , followed by the Rashtrakutas until the tenth century. The Begur Nageshwara Temple was commissioned around 860, during the reign of the Western Ganga King Ereganga Nitimarga I, and extended by his successor Nitimarga II. Around 1004, during

23490-436: The then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees. After the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II in 1759, Hyder Ali , Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore Army, proclaimed himself the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. Hyder Ali is credited with building the Delhi and Mysore gates at the northern and southern ends of the city in 1760. The kingdom later passed to Hyder Ali's son Tipu Sultan . Hyder and Tipu directed

23652-412: The third phase. Rahul Gandhi claimed in a rally in Chhattisgarh that Modi would "divide the nation into pieces, and make people fight against each other." During the election, former prime ministerial aide Sanjaya Baru published " The Accidental Prime Minister : The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh" in which he criticised Singh as not being fully in charge of his government in having to compete with

23814-458: The third-largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament . It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections. On 21 March, the All India Forward Bloc released its first list of candidates that covered 38 seats in West Bengal, Maharashtra, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Jharkhand, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Odisha, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Delhi. According to

23976-425: The upgrade of infrastructure and housing and self-employment opportunities for job creation. Harnessing satellite technology; setting up National Optical-Fibre Network up to the village level; Diamond Quadrilateral project – of High Speed Train network were among several other things that the party promised. The Himachal Pradesh BJP attacked the UPA's "one rank, one pension" scheme as an "election stunt," according to

24138-414: The vote and won only 44 seats, with its wider alliance, the United Progressive Alliance , winning a total of just 59. In order to become the official opposition party in India, a party must have 55 seats; as a result, there was no official opposition party . As per the requirements of the Indian Constitution, elections to the Lok Sabha must be held at an interval of five years or whenever parliament

24300-406: The vote was boycotted by the BJP . In September 2018, Indian National Congress councillor Gangambike Mallikarjun was elected as mayor, replacing Sampath Raj . In 2019 BJP 's M Goutham Kumar took charge as mayor. On 10 September 2020, the term of the BBMP council ended and Gaurav Gupta was appointed as the administrator of BBMP. The municipal commissioner of Bengaluru is Tushar Giri Nath, and

24462-401: The year, with its parks and green spaces earning it the reputation of India's "Garden City". Its elevation is the highest of India's major cities. The city's history dates back to around 890, as per the old Kannada stone inscription found at the Nageshwara Temple in Begur, Bengaluru . In 1537, Kempé Gowdā , a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire , established a mud fort , considered

24624-460: Was a staunch critic of right-wing Hindutva politics. In 2003, she opposed the Sangh Parivar 's alleged attempts to Hinduise the Sufi shrine Guru Dattatreya Baba Budan Dargah located at Baba Budan giri . In 2012, while participating in a protest demanding a ban on communal groups in Mangalore , she stated that Hinduism was not a religion but a "system of hierarchy in society" in which "women are treated as second-class creatures". She endorsed

24786-444: Was abolished in 1843, only to be revived in 1881 at Bengaluru and closed down permanently in 1947, with Indian independence . The British found Bengaluru to be a pleasant and appropriate place to station their garrison and therefore moved their cantonment to Bengaluru from Seringapatam in 1809 near Ulsoor , about 6 km (4 mi) northeast of the city. A town grew up around the cantonment, by absorbing several villages in

24948-402: Was announced, including 35% of candidates that were below the age of 50 years. The INC was reported to be concerned by the possibility of a reduced mandate in Gandhi's seat of Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency) amidst an unusual challenge by his high-profile competitor, the BJP's Smriti Irani. It even led to his mother, Sonia , campaigning there for the first time in 10 years. The INC dismissed

25110-464: Was appointed and the city divided into four wards for better co-ordination. Victoria Hospital was inaugurated in 1900 by Lord Curzon , the then Governor-General of British India . New extensions in Malleswaram and Basavanagudi were developed in the north and south of the pētē. In 1903, motor vehicles came to be introduced in Bengaluru. In 1906, Bengaluru became one of the first cities in India to have electricity from hydro power , powered by

25272-508: Was denied nomination from Barmer constituency so he decided instead to contest the seat as an independent. The BJP released its manifesto on 7 April 2014. The party promised to set up a Price Stabilization Fund and to evolve a single 'National Agriculture Market' to check price rise and go for e-Governance, policy-driven governance and simplification of the tax regime to prevent corruption. It wanted to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, focus on traditional employment bases of agriculture,

25434-423: Was found in a ninth-century Western Ganga dynasty stone inscription on a vīra gallu (Kannada: ವೀರಗಲ್ಲು ; lit.   ' hero stone ' , a rock edict extolling the virtues of a warrior). According to an Old Kannada inscription found in Begur , "Bengalūrū" was the place of a battle in 890  CE . It was also referred to as "Kalyānapura" or "Kalyānapuri" ("Auspicious City") and "Dēvarāyanagara" during

25596-425: Was further shaken following the death of its chief minister , Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy . His son, Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy , then broke from the INC and founded the YSR Congress Party , taking several politicians with him. The final session of parliament started on 6 February and ended on 21 February. Amongst the agenda in the final session was passing The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 in tackling corruption and

25758-498: Was ranked the most livable Indian city with a population of over a million. Bengaluru has the same major urbanisation problems seen in many fast-growing cities in developing countries: rapidly escalating social inequality, mass displacement and dispossession, the proliferation of slum settlements, and epidemic public health crisis due to severe water shortage and sewage problems in poor and working-class neighbourhoods. Languages of Bengaluru (2011) The official language of Bengaluru

25920-435: Was restricted by rules made by the Emperor, who feared the potential power of Kempe Gowda and did not allow a stone fort. Kempe Gowda referred to the new town as his " gandubhūmi " or "Land of Heroes". Within the fort, the town was divided into smaller divisions, each called a pētē ( Kannada pronunciation: [peːteː] ). The town had two main streets—Chikkapētē Street and Doddapētē Street. Their intersection formed

26082-422: Was said to have "sold farmers land" and made money. "Robert Vadra's empty bank account was credited with $ 8.30m (Rs 500 million) in just three months. BJP wants answers". He also criticised the INC's Nandan Nilekani as he had "squandered crores of rupees in giving a unique identity ( Aadhaar ) to millions of people, which even the Supreme Court questioned, as it did not address the security concerns". Amongst

26244-425: Was unhappy in not being allocated the constituency. Yet he said that as Jaitley was his " guru " he would accept the decision, but would not run from any other constituency. The reason for not allocating the ticket to Sidhu was said to be because of his spat with the Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal and party President Sukhbir Singh Badal , as well as other BJP personnel. Jaswant Singh

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