Middle school , also known as intermediate school , junior high school , junior secondary school , or lower secondary school , is an educational stage between primary school and secondary school .
76-610: A gay–straight alliance , gender–sexuality alliance ( GSA ) or queer–straight alliance ( QSA ) is a student-led or community-based organization, found in middle schools , high schools, colleges , and universities. These are primarily in the United States and Canada. Gay–straight alliance is intended to provide a safe and supportive environment for lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender , and all LGBTQ+ individuals, children, teenagers, and youth as well as their cisgender heterosexual allies . The first GSAs were established in
152-453: A three tier system featuring Middle Schools for years 7–9 (approximate age 13–15) and high school year 10–12 (approximate age 16–18). Many schools across Queensland have introduced a Middle School tier within their schools. The middle schools cover years 5 to 8. In Bangladesh , middle school is not separated as in other countries. Generally, schools are from class 1 to class 10. It means lower primary (1–5), upper primary (6–10). Class 6–8
228-652: A GSA at school is guaranteed by both the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (with regard to every level of schooling) and the federal Equal Access Act (with regard to secondary schools where other student clubs are allowed, with the definition of secondary school for purposes of the federal law including middle schools and high schools). Since 1998, there have been at least 17 federal court cases in which high school and middle school students have conclusively prevailed in defending
304-694: A GSA group called Ardhek Akash, which also produces a magazine of the same name. In recent months the group has formed new chapters at Jadavpur University and St. Xavier's College —also in Calcutta—and is looking to expand further. The first GSA in Mexico was begun by a group of students in 2004 at the American School Foundation , a private American school in Mexico City. The GSA was initially opposed by several school board members and
380-643: A GSA, but the school board met and publicly stated they wanted to prevent the formation of "gay clubs" in the school district. They then created a policy requiring parents to provide written permission before a student can join any club. Students then protested with support from the ACLU . Students at West Carteret High School in Morehead City, North Carolina tried to start a GSA but the Carteret County Board of Education turned it down. In 1999,
456-512: A group of student requested to start a GSA at Vanier Catholic Secondary in Whitehorse . The school initially denied this request as it conflicted with the school's Catholic, anti-gay policies. Students of the school protested the denial by wearing pink shirts and holding a sit-in at the Yukon legislative building and wearing rainbow socks to their graduation ceremony. Following the protests,
532-405: A history teacher at the school who had just come out as gay, was approached by Meredith Sterling , a student at the school who was straight, but was upset by the treatment of gay students and others. Jennings recruited some other teachers at the school, thus forming the first gay–straight alliance. One of the first to join was Sterling's classmate S. Bear Bergman . Jennings credits students for both
608-427: A meeting called by Phillips student Sharon Tentarelli for February 7, 1989, with little advance notice. A dozen people attended, including a mix of student, teachers, and staff. This was the second such group, after Concord Academy. The group was well-received, and some staff and faculty became supporters, both gay, and straight. Athletic director Kathy Henderson was one of the supporters, and she later went on to co-found
684-419: A middle school includes 4 grades: 6, 7, 8, and 9, consisting of students from ages 11–14. The ciclo básico of secondary education (ages 11–14) is roughly equivalent to middle school. No states of Australia have separate middle schools, as students go directly from primary school (for years K/preparatory–6) to secondary school (years 7–12, usually referred to as high school ). As an alternative to
760-580: A more advanced academic approach to education. All other types of high schools except gymnasiums and conservatories (e.g. lyceums ) accept only students that finished Grade 9. The 4th and last level of educación general básica (ages 12–14) is roughly equivalent to middle school. In Egypt , middle school precedes high school. It is called the preparatory stage and consists of three phases: first preparatory in which students study more subjects than primary with different branches. For instance, algebra and geometry are taught instead of "mathematics." In
836-505: A policy which mandates that all school principals must establish a GSA if asked for one by students. The same year, the school board assigned a district consultant to provide support for GSAs within the city and host a monthly meeting for GSA members to network. In 2017, the NDP government of Alberta introduced Bill 24, the Act to Support Gay–Straight Alliances , which mandated that all schools within
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#1732790341832912-461: A preliminary injunction ordering the school to allow the GSA to meet. The right of students to establish a GSA at school is guaranteed by both the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (with regard to every level of schooling) and the federal Equal Access Act (with regard to secondary schools as long as other student clubs are allowed, with the definition of secondary school for purposes of
988-408: A primary school (grades 1–6) Junior high schools ( 中学校 chūgakkō ) 7th to 9th grade are for children aged twelve through fifteen years old. In Kosovo "middle school" refers to educational institutions for ages between 14 and 18 , and lasts 3–4 years, following elementary school (which lasts 8 or 9 years). " Gymnasiums " are the most prestigious type of "middle" school. In Kuwait , middle school
1064-538: A pro-LGBTQ group initiative known as 'Breaking Barriers' which was the first student-led campaign in India to address LGBTQI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex) issues. This group was first inspired to care and focus on the lives of oppressed students and hijras, a community of transgender women, intersex individuals, and eunuchs in India who are marginalized both socially and economically. At Presidency University, Kolkata , around 100 students have formed
1140-517: A series of skills completed during the last year and on oral examinations (e.g. about cross-subject topics on which they work during the final year of collège). They can then enter high school (called lycée ), which lasts three years from the Seconde to the Terminale until the baccalauréat , and during which they can choose a general or a vocational field of study. In Georgia ,
1216-417: A single secondary school which is also known as high school. Students ( formerly ) at the end of their lower secondary studies are required to sit for an examination called PT3 ( Form 3. 7 subjects for non-Muslim students and 8 subjects for Muslim students ) in order to determine their field of studies for upper secondary (Form 4–5). [PT3 has been replaced by UASA (Ujian Akhir Semester Akademik)] In Mexico ,
1292-459: A small group of religious conservative parents. But the students eventually won and formed the student club. The GSA's co-advisor, Ian K. Macgillivray, wrote several articles detailing his students' experiences, as well as the book, Gay–Straight Alliances: A Handbook for Students, Educators, and Parents (2007, Harrington Park Press). The first GSAs in the Netherlands were started in 2009. At
1368-625: A specialised year 9 program separate from the other secondary year levels. In 1996 and 1997, a national conference met to develop what became known as the National Middle Schooling Project, which aimed to develop a common Australian view of The first middle school established in Australia was The Armidale School , in Armidale. Other schools have since followed this trend. The Northern Territory has introduced
1444-481: A student may apply for high school or grammar school. Students have the opportunity to enroll in high school from Grade 6 or (less commonly ) Grade 8 of elementary school, spending eight or six years respectively at high school that otherwise takes four years. Thus they can spend five years in elementary school, followed by eight in high school. The first four years of the eight-year study program at high school are comparable with junior high school. Gymnasium focuses on
1520-762: A talk on transgender rights and a performance by G.L.A.S.S., a local LGBTQ youth choir. As of 2011, 41% of schools in British Columbia were reported to have a GSA. The first GSA in Alberta was started in 2000 at the Lindsay Thurber Comprehensive High School in Red Deer . While members initially feared backlash, there was little-to-no negative reaction to the club. In 2011, the Edmonton public school board introduced
1596-412: A website focused on GSAs and their role in making Canadian schools safer and more LGBTQ inclusive. Their website includes educational resources for GSAs and information about available bursaries and funding. While MyGSA previously included a directory of registered Canadian GSA, this feature is no longer available on their website. Prior to closing the public directory, more than 283 GSAs had registered with
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#17327903418321672-465: Is a mandatory stage that precedes High School ( Ensino Médio ) called "Ensino Fundamental II" consisting of grades 6 to 9, ages 11 to 14. In Canada , the terms "middle school" and "junior high school" are both used, depending on which grades the school caters to. Junior high schools tend to include only grades 7, 8, and sometimes 9 (some older schools with the name 'carved in concrete' still use "Junior High" as part of their name, although grade nine
1748-633: Is a member of the president's Cabinet and is the fifteenth in the United States presidential line of succession . This secretary deals with federal influence over education policy , and heads the United States Department of Education. The secretary is advised by the National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity , an advisory committee, on "matters related to accreditation and to
1824-485: Is from grade 6–9 and from age 11–14. In Lebanon , middle school or intermediate school consists of grades 7, 8, and 9. At the end of 9th grade, the student is given the National diploma examination. In Malaysia , the middle school equivalent is called lower secondary school which consists of students from age 13 to 15 (Form 1–3). Usually, these lower secondary schools are combined with upper secondary schools to form
1900-528: Is known as a secondary school. The levels of education in India are: In Indonesia, middle school ( Indonesian : Sekolah Menengah Pertama, SMP ) covers ages 12 to 15 or grade 7 to grade 9. Although compulsory education ends at junior high, most pursue higher education. There are around 22,000 middle schools in Indonesia with a balanced ownership between public and private sector. Iran calls Middle School Guidance School, which caters to children between
1976-497: Is now missing), whereas middle schools are usually grades 6–8 or only grades 7–8 or 6–7 (i.e. around ages 11–14), varying from area to area and also according to population vs. building capacity. Another common model is grades 5–8. Alberta , Nova Scotia , Newfoundland , and Prince Edward Island junior high schools typically include grades 7–9, with the first year of high school traditionally being grade 10. In some places students go from elementary school to secondary school, meaning
2052-538: Is the approximate equivalent of middle school in Cuba . In Cyprus, the equivalent period to middle school is called γυμνάσιο ( gymnasio 'gymnasium'), which caters to children between the ages 12 and 15, i.e. 7th, 8th, and 9th grade. This is followed by λύκειο ( lykeio , 'lyceum'), for ages 16 to 18. In the Czech Republic after completing the nine-year elementary school ( compulsory school attendance )
2128-505: Is thought of as middle school. Grades 1,2,3,4 and 5 are said to be primary school while all the classes from 6 to 10 are considered high school (as middle school and high school are not considered separate) while 11–12 (inclusive) is called college. Middle schools in Bolivia have been abolished since 1994. Students aged 11–15 attend the last years of elementary education or the first years of secondary education. In Brazil , middle school
2204-617: The Sixième ("sixth," the equivalent of the Canadian and American Grade 6 ) to the Troisième ("third," the equivalent of the Canadian and American Grade 9 ), accommodating pupils aged between 11 and 14. Upon completion of the latter, students are awarded a brevet des collèges if they obtain a certain number of points on a series of tests in various subjects (French, history/geography, mathematics, physics/chemistry), but also on
2280-753: The Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms (JCCF) filed a Court of Queen's Bench challenge application claiming that prohibiting school officials from notifying parents when their child joins a GSA violates their constitutional rights. The New Democratic Party of Alberta filibustered for changes to the Bill 8 (The Education Amendment Act) since the United Conservative Party (UCP) defeated all amendments that would protect LGBTQ teachers and staff over their sexual orientation and gender identity. The UCP have removed protections that were in
2356-724: The Orange Unified School District in Orange County, California moved to prohibit the formation of a GSA at El Modena High School . The students then sued the school board, claiming that their rights under the First Amendment and the 1984 Equal Access Act had been violated. In the first-ever ruling of its kind, Judge David O. Carter of the United States District Court for the Central District of California issued
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2432-472: The People's Republic of China , primary school covers grades 1–6 and secondary school covers grades 7–12. Secondary schools are further divided into two stages, junior high school ( 初级中学 chūjízhōngxué or 初中 chūzhōng , grades 7–9) and senior high school ( 高级中学 gāojízhōngxué or 高中 gāozhōng ), grades 10–12). The Chinese junior high school is roughly equivalent to an American middle school, and provides
2508-594: The United States Secretary of Education , Arne Duncan , released a video on YouTube commemorating GSA Day and endorsing GSA clubs in schools. Approximately 28 per cent of participants at GSA Network identify as heterosexual. Some students face opposition from school administrations, elected school boards, or local communities in starting a school GSA. In 2015, students at Brandon High School in Rankin County, Mississippi , attempted to start
2584-846: The University of Canberra , Macquarie University , University of Western Sydney , Curtin University , various family planning and HIV prevention groups, government bodies and Uniting Church organizations. In 2016, Bulgaria became the first country in the Balkans to open a gay–straight alliance in Sofia American College . As Canada has two official languages , LGBTQ student clubs may be referred to as gay–straight alliances (GSA), queer-straight alliances (QSA), alliance allosexuelle-hétérosexuelle (AAH), or alliance gaie-hétéro (AGH). In May 2010 Egale Canada launched MyGSA.ca,
2660-653: The 1980s. Scientific studies show that GSAs have positive academic, health, and social impacts on schoolchildren of a minority sexual orientation and/or gender identity . Numerous judicial decisions in United States federal and state court jurisdictions have upheld the establishment of GSAs in schools, and the right to use that name for them. The first gay–straight alliance was formed in November 1988 at Concord Academy in Concord, Massachusetts , when Kevin Jennings ,
2736-427: The 2017 Bill 24, Bill 8 allows for students to be outed by school teachers, administration or staff if a student asks for there to be a GSA or QSA. Albertan schools are no longer compelled to act in an urgent manner in the student's request for a GSA or QSA, allowing the school to take as much time as desired without facing penalties that were in Bill 24. In Saskatchewan , Carlton Comprehensive High School houses one of
2812-530: The B.C. Safe Schools Task Force on anti-bullying, and delivering workshops to students and educators about LGBT-sensitive inclusive language and how to start GSAs. In early 2002, the Pinetree GSA held the first Pride Day at a high school in Canada. The Pride Day included an information fair with booths from various local LGBTQ organizations, PrideTalk workshops delivered in numerous classes, and an assembly with
2888-668: The Federal Court ruling in Utah–East High Gay/Straight Alliance v. Board of Education of Salt Lake City School District . This ruling found that denying access to a school-based gay–straight alliance was a violation of the Federal Equal Access Act giving students the right to use facilities for extra curricular activities at any school that receives public funding—regardless of private standing or religious affiliation. On January 24, 2012,
2964-473: The GLSEN two years later, along with Kevin Jennings of Concord Academy. Described as "perhaps the most important precursor of the GSA movement," Los Angeles' Project 10 is seen as the start of the GSA movement. Founded in 1984, Project 10 was widely recognized as the first organized effort to provide support for LGBTQ youth in schools across the United States. The majority of its facilitators were heterosexual, and
3040-652: The Manitoba government introduced Bill 18, The Public Schools Amendment Act (Safe and Inclusive Schools) . This act required school board to accommodate all student requests to form GSAs. The first elementary school GSA in Ontario was started in 2008 at the Sunnyside Public School in Kitchener . In Ontario , Arnprior District High school, a small rural Ottawa Valley town started a GSA created by
3116-677: The OUTShine GSA National Summit in 2013, they funded the Triangle Program at OASIS Alternative School, designed for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender students who are at risk of dropping out or committing self-harm because of harassment in regular schools. As of 2011, 37% of schools in Ontario were reported to have a GSA. In 2008, the non-profit organization Pride in Education was founded to protect
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3192-587: The Yukon Department of Education overturned the school's policy regarding GSAs as it did not meet the mandates outlines in the department's Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Policy The only GSA in Nunavut is at Inuksuk High School in Iqaluit . In 2008, students at The University of Hong Kong founded Queer Straight Alliance (QSA), a registered society under Hong Kong laws. For several years it
3268-581: The ages 12 and 15, i.e. 7th, 8th and 9th grade. Middle school in Iraq, which is most commonly referred to as Intermediate school, enrolls children between the ages 12 and 15, i.e. 7th, 8th, and 9th grade. Upon completion of the 9th grade, students take the National Intermediate Baccalaureate Examination, which when passed, students get the option to enter either secondary general or vocational school. In most of
3344-575: The beginning of 2011, a nationwide campaign was started on television to promote GSAs in Dutch schools, featuring several well-known young actors and singers. A number of GSAs already exist in a wide variety of Dutch schools throughout the country, most of them at the university level, but increasingly popular on secondary school level. Nelson College , the Nelson College for Girls , Nayland College and other schools have had GSAs set up, often with
3420-528: The cities in Israel, middle school ( Hebrew : חטיבת ביניים, Khativat Beynaiym ) covers ages 12 to 15. From the 7th grade to the 9th. In Italy the equivalent is the scuola secondaria di primo grado formerly and commonly called lower middle school ( Scuola Media Inferiore ), often shortened to middle school ( Scuola Media ). When the Scuola secondaria di secondo grado , the equivalent of high school,
3496-685: The elementary school covers to the end of grade 8. In Ontario , the terms "middle school" and "senior public school" (sometimes just grades 7 and 8) are used, with the latter being used particularly in the Old Toronto and Scarborough sections of Toronto plus in Mississauga, Brampton, and Kitchener-Waterloo. In many smaller Ontario cities and in some parts of larger cities, most elementary schools serve junior kindergarten to grade 8 meaning there are no separate middle schools buildings, while in some cities (such as Hamilton) specific schools do serve
3572-532: The equivalent period to middle school covers ages 12 to 15, from the 7th grade to the 9th and guarantees basic educational degree certificate. There are four middle schools in Gibraltar, following the English model of middle-deemed-primary schools accommodating pupils aged between 9 and 12 (National Curriculum Years 4 to 7). The schools were opened in 1972 when the government introduced comprehensive education in
3648-510: The establishment of the club, as well as for setting the agenda of struggling against homophobia, and for changes to CA's nondiscrimination policy. Jennings would go on to co-found the Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network (GLSEN) in Boston in 1990. According to a thirty-year retrospective about the history of the group, Concord Academy reported in 2018 that students at the academy had renamed
3724-421: The exam, based on their distinctive talents, like athletics, leadership merits or excellent coursework performance in junior stage. Secondary education is divided into basic secondary (grades 6 to 9) and mid-secondary (grades 10 and 11). The students in basic secondary, roughly equivalent to middle school, are 11 or 12 to 15 or 16 years old. Secundaria básica (basic secondary, seventh through ninth grades)
3800-561: The federal law including middle schools and high schools). GSAs cannot be banned if other non-curricular student clubs are allowed to exist at the school. The Federal Equal Access Act and the First Amendment of the US Constitution establish the requirement of equal treatment for all non-curriculum related clubs regardless of the content of speech at the club meetings. In the United States, the right of students to establish
3876-565: The first GSA movements in the city of Prince Albert . The first GSA in the city of Saskatoon first met on March 18, 2003, at Mount Royal Collegiate . Since then, GSAs have been established at Nutana, Walter Murray , Evan Hardy , Marion Graham , Bedford Road and Aden Bowman Collegiates. The city of North Battleford Saskatchewan, had their first GSA in 2004 at Sakewew High School, a First Nations school. Saskatchewan's first GSA summit took place on April 15, 2016, in Saskatoon. In 2013,
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#17327903418323952-490: The formation of "tolerance clubs" and student associations. Gay–straight clubs were to be specifically mentioned in that act. The main focus of that Bill 14 would be to counterattack bullying of students, particularly those of a racial or sexual minority. Beyond a school group the Toronto District School Board has been committed to an unwritten alliance with their students. In addition to co-hosting
4028-402: The free exercise of their civil rights on this issue, with federal courts consistently ruling that students have both a right to establish a GSA at school and to use the name Gay–Straight Alliance instead of an alternative name. In 2000, the United States District Court for the Central District of California ruled in favour of high school students whose attempt to form a GSA had been blocked by
4104-418: The group "a few years ago" to "Gender Sexuality Alliance". Faculty mentor Nancy Boutilier said, "That gay–straight language was really important at the time. Times change, though. To students today, that sounds so binary." A few months after Concord started the first Gay Straight Alliance club, another Massachusetts preparatory school north of Boston, Phillips Academy , started one of their own. It began with
4180-422: The group Safe Schools Coalition Victoria piloted a system of reducing homophobia though teacher training and student groups that promote inclusion of LGBTQ young people, which ran from 2014 to 2017. Started by The Foundation for Young Australians and Gay and Lesbian Health Victoria, along with La Trobe University, the program was expanded to run Australia wide. The program was supported by Beyondblue , Headspace ,
4256-646: The intermediate grades (i.e. grades 6–8 or grades 7–8) but are still called "elementary" or "public" schools with no recognition of the grades they serve in their name. In the province of Quebec , there is no middle school section; post-elementary grade 6, the secondary level has five grades, called Secondary I to Secondary V (grades 7 to 11). There is no proper "middle school" in Chile , but rather an analogous Educación Básica that encompasses both elementary and middle schools. Educación Básica includes grades 1 through 8, consisting of students from ages 6 to 14. In
4332-435: The last 3 years of the nine-year compulsory education required for all Chinese citizens. The senior high school is optional but considered as critical preparation for tertiary education. The admissions for most students to enrol in senior secondary schools from the junior stage are on the basis of the scores that they get in " Senior High School Entrance Exam ", which are held by local governments. Other students may bypass
4408-412: The middle school model, some secondary schools classify their grades as "middle school" (years 5,6,7,8 where primary and secondary campuses share facilities or 7,8,9 in a secondary campus) or "junior high school" (years 7, 8 and 9) and "senior high school" (years 10, 11 and 12). Some have three levels, "junior" (years 7 and 8), "intermediate" (years 9 and 10), and "senior" (years 11 and 12). Some schools run
4484-704: The middle school system is called Secundaria and usually comprises three years, grades 7–9 (ages: 7: 12–13, 8: 13–14, 9: 14–15). It is completed after Primaria (Elementary School, up to grade 6: ages 6–12) and before Preparatoria/Bachillerato (High School, grades 10–12 ages 15–18). In New Zealand middle schools are known as "intermediate schools." They generally cover years 7 and 8 (formerly known as Forms 1 to 2). Students are generally aged between 10 and 13. There are full primary schools which also contain year 7 and 8 with students continuing to secondary school at year 9 (formerly known as Form 3). Some secondary schools also include years 7 and 8. After 2000 there
4560-546: The organizations are in the United States, but are beginning to spread, particularly in Canada. As of July 2020, as reported by the media Star Observer , Australia has one gay–straight alliance set up within the Melbourne Grammar School . However, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and some parts of the United States have had gay–straight alliances within schools for decades. In Australia,
4636-560: The principal advisor to the president of the United States, and the federal government, on policies, programs, and activities related to all education in the United States. As a member of the Cabinet of the United States , the secretary is sixteenth in the line of succession to the presidency . The current secretary of education is Miguel Cardona , who was confirmed by the Senate on March 1, 2021. The United States secretary of education
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#17327903418324712-413: The province allow student to create a GSA, allow them to explicitly name it a gay–straight alliance or queer-straight alliance, and prohibits school officials from notifying parents if their child joined a GSA. Schools that do not comply with the bill's requirement are subject to lose government funding. Following the release of the bill, there was disapproval from some politicians and parents. In April 2018,
4788-627: The public, in 2013. In 1998, The Youth Project, a non-profit focused on LGBTQ youth in Nova Scotia , received funding from Health Canada to increase education about LGBTQ in schools. Through this initiative, the organization was able to found the first GSA in Nova Scotia at Millwood High School . The Youth Project currently hosts a list of all GSAs in the province on their website. The first GSA conference in Newfoundland and Labrador
4864-595: The safety and wellbeing of LGBTQ students in New Brunswick . In 2010, they held the first annual Pride in Education GSA Conference for students and teachers interested in creating GSAs. The first GSA in New Brunswick was founded in 2013 at Woodstock High School following the suggestion of Svend Robinson . The University of Prince Edward Island 's Social Justice Studies program founded shOUT!, an annual conference aimed as GSAs but open to
4940-480: The school board, in the case of Colin v. Orange Unified School District . In 2009, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ruled in favor of high school students whose attempt to form a GSA had been blocked by the school board, in the case of Gay–Straight Alliance of Yulee High School v. School Board of Nassau County , with the federal court also ruling that the school must allow
5016-419: The second preparatory phase, students study science, geography, the history of Egypt starting with pharaonic history , including Coptic history , Islamic history , and concluding with modern history . The students are taught two languages, Arabic and English . Middle school (preparatory stage) lasts for three years. In France, the equivalent period to middle school is collège , which lasts four years from
5092-463: The students in 2009. This GSA won one of three Jer's Vision "Youth Role Model of The Year" awards in April 2009. The next year a GSA was founded by students in 2010 at Renfrew Collegiate Institute in the town of Renfrew . In December 2011, the government of the most populous Canadian province, Ontario, announced it would bring a legislation making it mandatory for all publicly funded schools to support
5168-461: The students to use the name Gay–Straight Alliance instead of an alternative name that excludes the term Gay . In 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit unanimously ruled in favor of middle school students whose attempt to form a GSA had been blocked by the school board, in the case of Carver Middle School Gay–Straight Alliance v. School Board of Lake County, Florida . Worldwide, gay–straight alliances are not as common as
5244-534: The support of youth mental health bodies. Kira Byrne, a GSA leader at Nelson College for Girls, says that the legalization of same-sex marriage in New Zealand in 2013 created shifts in attitudes towards LGBTQ people in New Zealand, but that boys at Nelson College were afraid to go to the GSA there because "other boys would wait outside to beat up anyone that came out." Middle school#United States In Afghanistan , middle school includes grades 6, 7, and 8, consisting of students from ages 11 to 14. In Algeria ,
5320-433: The territory. In Greece, the equivalent period to middle school is called γυμνάσιο ( gymnasio ), which caters to children between the ages 12 and 15, i.e. 7th, 8th, and 9th grade. In India, Middle School is classified as Upper Primary (Class 6–8). Each state has its own State Board. Each has its own standards, which might be different from the Central Boards. In some institutions, providing education for 5th to 10th
5396-444: The website. Currently there are no federal laws in Canada regarding GSAs. Any laws are specific to each province or territory. The first GSA in Canada was started in 1998 at Pinetree Secondary School in Coquitlam , British Columbia. The start of the Pinetree GSA garnered national media attention, and its members continued to play a role in public affairs by meeting with successive provincial Ministers of Education, testifying before
5472-580: Was an increased interest in middle schooling (for years 7–10) with at least seven schools offering education to this age group opening around the country in Auckland, Cambridge, Hamilton, Christchurch and Upper Hutt. In Pakistan , middle school is from Grade 6–8. United States Secretary of Education The United States secretary of education is the head of the United States Department of Education . The secretary serves as
5548-527: Was formerly called higher middle school ( superiori ), commonly called Superiori. The Middle School lasts three years from the student age of 11 to age 13. Since 2009, after Gelmini reform , the middle school was renamed Scuola secondaria di primo grado (junior secondary school). Middle school in Jamaica is called "Junior High School." It is from grade 7–9 but this idea is becoming rare now so these grades are considered lower secondary. (They also have
5624-489: Was held at Corner Brook Regional High in 2013. While the Yukon Department of Education does not have specific legislation regarding GSA, it does have a policy which mandates safety and inclusion for LGBTQ students which has been used in the justification for GSAs. Additionally, the territory mandates that all schools must appoint a staff member as a "safe contact" to provide support for LGBTQ students. In 2013,
5700-505: Was named after the commonly-held statistic that 10 per cent of the adult male population is "exclusively homosexual". Project 10 focused on issues such as substance use , and discussing issues of high-risk sexual behaviour. The first GSA was started in 1988, in Concord, Massachusetts at Concord Academy by Kevin Jennings . The first public school gay–straight alliance was started at Newton South High School ( Newton, Massachusetts ) by teacher Robert Parlin. GSAs made headlines in 1999 with
5776-580: Was the only GSA in the city, and it serves students in all campuses through social activities, career support and advocacy. In more recent years, university students in the city have formed other student LGBTQ groups. However, GSA efforts in secondary schools remain limited, if any. The first GSA in India was started in Tagore International School in New Delhi in 2014 by a group of students and their mentor Shivanee Sen who had formed
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