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67-1002: According to the CULTURAL ORIENTATION SOMALI published by the Defense Language Institute in 2020, the Golis Mountains is another name for the Galgala Hills, part of the Karkaar mountain range, and the Ogo Highlands are south of the Karkaar mountain range. However, the areas to which these place names refer vary from literature to literature. Due to the Ogo Mountains' elevated, highland location in Somaliland,

134-755: A budget of $ 2,000 to teach the Japanese language . Classes began 1 November 1941, with four instructors and 60 students in an abandoned airplane hangar at Crissy Field known as Building 640. The site is now preserved as the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) Historic Learning Center by the National Japanese American Historical Society . Gen. Joseph Stilwell and Gen. George Marshall studied Chinese as officers stationed in China and understood

201-736: A length of six weeks. This was the same length as the program used by the Army Air Forces when Lackland opened as a basic training base 20 years before. Training requirements also expanded to include teaching English to Allied military members from foreign countries. No other item in the 1960s compared to the incident that occurred at Lackland in February 1966 with the death of a basic trainee. An airman died of spinal meningitis and while ten other cases were confirmed, no other deaths were reported. Virtually all non-essential activities requiring gatherings of basic trainees were canceled. To control

268-767: A number of languages are taught at the DLIFLC including Afrikaans in Washington, DC and the following in Monterey: Modern Standard Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), French, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish. The DLIFLC also maintains the DLI-Washington office in the Washington, D.C. area. The Washington office provides training in languages not taught at the Presidio of Monterey , such as "low-density languages" which do not require

335-498: A result. The BRAC commission met in Monterey on 8 August 2005, to hear arguments from both sides. On 25 August 2005, the commission's final vote was unanimous to keep DLI at its current location in Monterey. The DLIELC is a Department of Defense agency operated by the U.S. Air Force 's 37th Training Wing , and is responsible for training international military and civilian personnel to speak and teach English. The agency also manages

402-399: A schedule that extends throughout the year. Courses are taught seven hours per day, five days a week, with the exception of federal holidays and training holidays. The duration of courses range between 36 and 64 weeks, depending on the difficulty of the language. The military also uses private language programs such as CL-150 . The Defense Language Institute English Language Center manages

469-915: A second language, and deploys English Language Training programs around the world in support of the Defense Department. The DLIFLC at the Presidio of Monterey, California (DLIFLC & POM) is the DoD's primary foreign language school. Military service members study foreign languages at highly accelerated paces in courses ranging from 24 to 64 weeks in length. In October 2001, the Institute received Federal degree-granting authority to issue Associate of Arts in Foreign Language degrees to qualified graduates of all basic programs. As of 2022, DLIFLC also offers bachelor's degrees to graduates of DLI accredited Intermediate and Advanced courses. Although

536-505: A specific specialty via various "tech schools." Lackland currently has six technical training squadrons on base training multiple airmen in various Air Force Specialty Codes (AFSCs). Construction on Lackland Air Force Base began on 15 June 1941, and it was originally part of Kelly Field . One year later, it became an independent organization—the San Antonio Aviation Cadet Center ( SAAC ). On 8 January 1943,

603-681: Is a census-designated place (CDP) covering the permanent residential population of the Lackland Air Force Base in Bexar County , Texas , United States. It first appeared as an unincorporated community in the 1970 U.S. Census and then as a census designated place in the 1980 U.S. Census . Per the 2020 census , the population was 9,467. It does include the Kelly Field annex or the Lakeland training annex. As of

670-580: Is named to recognize those WWII students honored in the institute's Yankee Samurai exhibit. The John Aiso Library is named for the former MISLS director of academic training, Munakata Hall is named for the former MISLS instructor Yutaka Munakata, and the Hachiya, Mizutari, and Nakamura Halls are named for Frank Tadakazu Hachiya, Yukitaka "Terry" Mizutari, and George Ichiro Nakamura, who were killed in action in Leyte, New Guinea, and Luzon. In 1946 Fort Snelling

737-658: Is now a joint-use facility between Lackland AFB and Port San Antonio. The portion of the former Kelly AFB still under USAF control is now known as Lackland AFB/Kelly Field Annex and its permanently based flying units include the Air Force Reserve Command 's (AFRC) 433d Airlift Wing , an Air Mobility Command (AMC)-gained unit flying the C-5 Galaxy and the 149th Fighter Wing of the Texas Air National Guard , an AETC-gained unit flying

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804-478: Is responsible for providing English language training to US military service members whose primary language is not English. The DLIELC campus is located on the southwest quadrant of Lackland AFB . The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) traces its roots to the eve of United States entry into World War II , when the U.S. Army established a secret school at the Presidio of San Francisco with

871-464: The 741st Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was activated at Lackland (P-75) 29°23′16.4″N 98°37′59.9″W  /  29.387889°N 98.633306°W  / 29.387889; -98.633306  ( P-75 ) with an AN/FPS-3 search radar and an AN/FPS-4 height-finder radar. In 1958 the AN/FPS-4 height-finder radar was replaced by AN/FPS-6 and AN/FPS-6A sets. By late 1959, Lackland

938-555: The F-16 Fighting Falcon . The civilian side of the former Kelly AFB is now known as Port San Antonio and hosts numerous major DoD defense contractors such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin , many of which directly or indirectly support major overhaul and repair of military aircraft previously conducted, and in facilities previously occupied, by the Air Force's former San Antonio Air Logistics Center (SA-ALC) when Kelly

1005-584: The Korean War ; and Amarillo Air Force Base during the Vietnam War until Amarillo's closure in 1968. As a result of the Korean War, training populations at Lackland soared to 28 basic military training squadrons (BMTS) within the 3700th Military Training Wing. Temporary facilities, to include 129 "I dormitories", were hastily erected as a quick fix to replace tents cities housing recruits. In 1955

1072-508: The USAF Airman Heritage Museum , including a Boeing B-52 Stratofortress , McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II , Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird , B-29 Superfortress , C-121 Constellation , Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and a B-25 Mitchell . Lackland Air Force Base is home to the 37th Training Wing (37 TRW) which operates a variety of training squadrons. Within the 37th TRW is the 37th Training Group (37 TRG) which oversees

1139-660: The War Department constituted and activated the 78th Flying Training Wing (Preflight) at San Antonio and assigned it to the United States Army Air Force 's Central Flying Training Command . The 78th Wing provided aviation cadets the mechanics and physics of flight and required the cadets to pass courses in mathematics and the hard sciences. Then the cadets were taught to apply their knowledge practically by teaching them aeronautics, deflection shooting, and thinking in three dimensions. Once completed,

1206-543: The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission . The legislation ordered the consolidation of the three facilities which were adjoining, but separate military installations, into a single joint base – one of 12 joint bases formed in the United States as a result of the law. United States Air Force Department of Defense National Security Agency Lackland AFB hosts a collection of vintage military aircraft on static display on its parade grounds as part of

1273-578: The 3746th Pre-Flight Training Squadron (language) was activated and assumed responsibility for all English language training. In 1960, the Language School, USAF, activated and assumed the mission. In 1966, the DoD established the Defense Language Institute English Language School (DLIELS) and placed it under US Army control although the school remained at Lackland AFB. In 1976, the DoD appointed

1340-491: The 5 technical training schools on the base, and the 737 TRG which oversees the Basic Military Training squadrons. Lackland is best known for its role in being the sole location for U.S. Air Force enlisted Basic Military Training (BMT) for the active duty Regular Air Force, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard . BMT is organized into nine basic training squadrons, each with their own training site on

1407-545: The Army did a nationwide survey for the least hostile environment and moved the school to a former Minnesota WPA camp named Camp Savage . By 1944 the school had outgrown those facilities and moved to Fort Snelling close by. There the school grew to 125 classrooms with over 160 instructors. Over 6,000 of its graduates served in the Pacific during the war and occupation of Japan. Nisei Hall, along with several other buildings,

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1474-877: The Defense Foreign Language Program. A new headquarters, the Defense Language Institute (DLI), was established in Washington, D.C., and the former Army Language School commandant, Colonel James L. Collins Jr., became the institute's first director. The Army Language School became the DLI West Coast Branch, and the foreign language department at the Naval Intelligence School became the DLI East Coast Branch. The contract programs were gradually phased out. The DLI also took over

1541-664: The Defense Language Institute are the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) and the Defense Language Institute English Language Center (DLIELC). DLIFLC is located at the Presidio of Monterey in Monterey, California, and DLIELC is located at Joint Base San Antonio - Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. The institute offers foreign language instruction in more than two dozen languages to approximately 3,500 students on

1608-715: The Department of Defense English Language Program (DELP), and is designated the 637th Training Group in 2015. The over 300 civilian members of the staff include the instructors who are qualified in the area of English as a second language . DLIELC is accredited by the Commission on English Language Program Accreditation , which is recognized by the US Department of Education . DLIELC is divided into three resident academic training sections: General English, Specialized English, and Instructor Development. Depending on

1675-590: The Department of Defense, other federal agencies and numerous customers around the world. The Defense Language Institute is responsible for the Defense Language Program, and the bulk of the Defense Language Institute's activities involve educating DoD members in assigned languages, and international personnel in English. Other functions include planning, curriculum development, and research in second-language acquisition . The two primary entities of

1742-719: The English Language School at Lackland Air Force Base , Texas, which became the DLI English Language Center (DLIELC). During the peak of American involvement in Vietnam (1965–73), the DLI stepped up the pace of language training. While regular language training continued unabated, more than 20,000 service personnel studied Vietnamese through the DLI's programs, many taking a special eight-week military adviser "survival" course. From 1966 to 1973,

1809-776: The English as a Second Language Program for the US military , and manages overseas English training programs. International students must be sponsored by an agency of the Department of Defense, and commonly include personnel from NATO member countries. Over 100 countries are represented among the student body at DLIELC at any given time. The main campus is currently located on the grounds of Joint Base San Antonio - Lackland Air Force Base , in San Antonio, Texas . DLIELC acculturates and trains international personnel to communicate in English and to instruct English language programs in their country, trains United States military personnel in English as

1876-550: The Gudaado station. It illustrates a subtropical highland climate with strong continental Mediterranean characteristics ( Köppen : " Cwb "), given the two marked wet seasons that span between March–May and September–November, albeit the latter being briefer and more subtle. The climatic situation here is most similar to the Altiplano region, due to its semi-arid patterns of rain, huge diurnal temperature variations, adjacence to

1943-399: The Japanese language. This group of officers was headed by Lt. Col. John Weckerling and Capt Kai E. Rasmussen. Japanese American Maj John F. Aiso and Pfc Arthur Kaneko, were found to be qualified linguists along with two civilian instructors, Akira Oshida and Shigeya Kihara, and became MISLS's first instructors. The students were primarily second generation Japanese Americans (Nisei) from

2010-472: The Kelly airstrip, Security Hill, main base Lackland, and the old Medina officer training base now named Medina/Lackland Training Annex. With the exception of a few buildings most of the old Kelly air base including the housing has been turned over to civilian jurisdiction. On 15 May 2009, USAF officials announced that Lackland is the preferred alternative location for the 24th Air Force . In winter of 2009 it

2077-660: The Lackland AFB radar site on 30 September 1976. The Lackland ADC site was taken over by the FAA (also known as 'San Antonio') and remained in operation for a number of years. This then-FAA long-range radar site was data-tied into the Joint Surveillance System . The site operated the AN/FPS-66A search radar. However, the radar facility has been deactivated, and all the structures have been razed. From

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2144-524: The Lackland Military Training Center. These state-of-the-art buildings included living space, dining halls, and training areas for four basic training squadrons under one roof. Eventually six full-size dormitories, and two 600-person facilities, were constructed, enabling excess space to be converted to classroom use. In late 1951, Air Defense Command selected Lackland AFB as one of twenty-eight radar stations built as part of

2211-548: The Monterey Bay area, taxpayers would save money by moving both schools to a less expensive location in Ohio . Opponents argued that it would be difficult (if not impossible) to replace the experienced native-speaking faculty at DLI, as the cultural centers of San Francisco and California's Central Coast offer a more diverse pool from which to recruit local instructors, and that the military intelligence community would suffer as

2278-603: The Presidio of San Francisco, primarily from the Military Occupational Specialties of Military Intelligence and Military Police with a small number of Army Special Forces . As a result of these conditions, the institute began an extensive facilities expansion program on the Presidio. In 2002 the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges accredited the institute as an associate degree -granting institution. In

2345-510: The Somali desert, and seasonal variations that are neither too cold nor too hot in the extremes. This Somaliland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Defense Language Institute The Defense Language Institute ( DLI ) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) educational and research institution consisting of two separate entities which provide linguistic and cultural instruction to

2412-511: The US Air Force as the executive agent for the school and redesignated it the Defense Language Institute English Language Center. The U.S. Air Force met most of its foreign language training requirements in the 1950s through contract programs at universities such as Yale , Cornell , and Syracuse and the U.S. Navy taught foreign languages at the Naval Intelligence School in Washington, D.C., but in 1963 these programs were consolidated into

2479-623: The West Coast, who had learned Japanese from their first-generation parents but were educated in the US and whose Japanese was somewhat limited, the "Kibei", Japanese-Americans who had been educated in Japan and spoke Japanese like the Japanese themselves, along with two Caucasian students who were born in Japan as the sons of missionaries. Even for the native Japanese speakers, the course curriculum featured heigo (兵語) or military specific terminology that

2546-513: The base shot and killed a squadron commander, then killed himself. In December 2017, Lackland AFB renamed Kelly Field Annex to Kelly Field to commemorate the 100 year anniversary of the airfield becoming property of the US Government and to better fit its joint nature On March 4, 2020, Medina Training Annex was renamed to Chapman Training Annex after Medal of Honor recipient Master Sgt. John A. Chapman Lackland Air Force Base CDP

2613-453: The base. Each squadron is equipped with either a dining facility or a medical clinic. Some BMT squadrons share dining facilities if they are located close enough together and the same is true for medical clinics. Each squadron also has a specific exercise area where basic trainees conduct physical readiness training (PRT). Also, AFOSI anti-terrorism teams are trained here. In October 2008 the BMT

2680-487: The census of 2000, there were 7,123 people, 174 households, and 152 families residing on the base. The population density was 642.6 people/km (1,664 people/sq mi). There were 412 housing units at an average density of 37.2 units/km (96 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the town was 65.20% White , 19.01% Black or African American , 0.86% Native American , 3.64% Asian , 0.32% Pacific Islander , 2.20% from other races , and 8.77% from two or more races. 13.77% of

2747-400: The city of San Antonio . It is the only site for USAF and United States Space Force enlisted Basic Military Training (BMT). Lackland AFB is part of Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), an amalgamation of Fort Sam Houston , Randolph AFB and Lackland AFB, which were merged on 1 October 2010. JBSA was established in accordance with congressional legislation implementing the recommendations of

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2814-441: The early 1980s, crowding and living conditions at the Monterey location forced the institute to open two temporary branches: a branch for air force enlisted students of Russian at Lackland Air Force Base , Texas (1981–1987), and another for army enlisted students of German, Korean and Spanish at the Presidio of San Francisco (1982–1988) in the former Public Health Service Hospital. There were only enlisted male and female students at

2881-527: The end of the Cold War , Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) actions in the 1990s relocated several specialized training programs at Lackland. This included Air Education and Training Command 's relocation of Air Force Officer Training School (OTS) from Lackland to Maxwell AFB in Montgomery, Alabama. Lackland gained a flying mission when adjacent Kelly AFB closed in 2001. The two-mile-long runway

2948-534: The graduates were designated as aviation cadets and were sent to one of the primary flight schools for pilot training. On 3 February 1948, the facility was named Lackland AFB after Brigadier General Frank Lackland, who was commissioned into the regular Army after serving in the District of Columbia National Guard . It shared Basic Military Training status temporarily with Sampson Air Force Base in New York during

3015-577: The historical significance of the base as the training center and headquarters of the United States Department of Defense Military Working Dog Program. In the United States Air Force Basic Training scandal , involving sexual assault on the base, dozens of female and male recruits said that they were sexually harassed or raped by their instructors from 2010 onward. On 8 April 2016, an airman on

3082-586: The institute also operated a Vietnamese branch using contract instructors at Biggs Air Force Base near Fort Bliss, Texas (DLI Support Command, later renamed the DLI Southwest Branch). Vietnamese instruction continued at DLI until 2004. In the 1970s the institute's headquarters and all resident language training were consolidated at the West Coast Branch and renamed the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC). In 1973,

3149-611: The issue further, a cadre of personnel was assigned to activate the 3330th Basic Military Training School at Amarillo AFB in Amarillo, Texas, in February 1966. As a result of the continuing expansion of the USAF, Amarillo AFB continued to conduct basic training until December 1968. During the 1960s, more permanent facilities were constructed, including four 1,000-person steel and brick Recruit Housing and Training (RH&T) dormitories built between 1966 and 1970 for basic military training by

3216-480: The metropolitan Washington, DC area. 36°36′21″N 121°54′37″W  /  36.6057°N 121.9104°W  / 36.6057; -121.9104 Lackland AFB Lackland Air Force Base ( IATA : SKF , ICAO : KSKF , FAA LID : SKF ) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base located in Bexar County , Texas, United States. The base is under the jurisdiction of the 802d Mission Support Group, Air Education and Training Command (AETC) and an enclave of

3283-452: The need to provide language training for enlisted troops, establishing a language program in 1924 to teach U.S. soldiers and officers in Asia the rudiments of spoken Chinese. Recognizing the strained relations between Japan and the U.S. in the build up to the war, a small group of officers with previous tours of duty in Japan saw the need for an intelligence unit, which would be able to understand

3350-797: The needs of the students, training can range from nine weeks (in Specialized English, for example) to 52 weeks in General English. Some students arrive with only minimal English capabilities, then train to a predetermined English comprehension level (ECL) in General English. Annually, students from over 100 countries enroll in the DLIELC resident training programs. Training is paid by the host country (Foreign Military Sales) or through US grant assistance programs such as International Military Education and Training Programs. In addition to DLIELC's mission to train international students, DLIELC

3417-417: The newly formed U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) assumed administrative control, and in 1976, all English language training operations were returned to the U.S. Air Force, which operates DLIELC to this day. The DLIFLC won academic accreditation in 1979 from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , and in 1981 the position of academic dean (later called provost) was reestablished. In

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3484-480: The number of BMTS was reduced to 16, where it remained for the next two decades. The Vietnam War buildup necessitated a "split-phase" training from August 1965 to April 1966. This program provided for 22 days at Lackland and 8 days at a technical school, with directed duty assignees receiving the full 30 days at Lackland. When BMT returned to a single phase on 1 April 1966, it was briefly cut back to 24 days from April to July 1966. After that, basic training stabilized at

3551-399: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 174 households, out of which 79.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.0% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.6% were non-families. 12.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.49 and the average family size

3618-410: The property is under the jurisdiction of the United States Army , there are U.S. Navy , U.S. Marine Corps , and U.S. Air Force presences on post, and all four branches provide students and instructors. Members of other Federal agencies and military services of other countries may also receive training, and members of other law enforcement agencies may receive Spanish language training. As of 2015,

3685-486: The range has an unexpectedly temperate climate. The mountains also catch the precipitation of the Indian Ocean 's monsoon winds, resulting in a rainy season that lasts from June until mid-September. The average annual temperature in the Ogo Mountains is 20 to 26 °C (68 to 79 °F). Precipitation reaches a maximum in March, with a minimum of rainfall in August. The average annual precipitation around 500–700 mm (20–28 in). The data provided below derives from

3752-418: The same large volume of trained personnel. There is some overlap, however, as students from the Defense Attaché System (DAS) are given local training in languages also available at the Monterey location. Language training through DLI-Washington is conducted at the National Foreign Affairs Training Center (NFATC) of the United States Department of State , and at various contracted foreign language schools in

3819-428: The second segment of the permanent radar surveillance network. Prompted by the start of the Korean War, on 11 July 1950, the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the second segment of the permanent network. Receiving the Defense Secretary's approval on 21 July, the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction. On 1 February 1953,

3886-410: The spring of 1993, the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission rejected suggestions that the institute be moved or closed, and recommended that its mission be continued at the present location. In summer of 2005, the commission reopened the issue, to include the closure of the Naval Postgraduate School . Supporters of the closure believed that due to the rising property values and cost of living in

3953-415: Was 3.78. On the base the population was spread out, with 5.3% under the age of 18, 79.8% from 18 to 24, 14.5% from 25 to 44, 0.4% from 45 to 64, and none who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 20 years. For every 100 females, there were 256 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 267.3 males. The median income for a household in the base was $ 32,250, and the median income for

4020-405: Was also performing air-traffic-control duties for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). At this time the site hosted an AN/FPS-20 A radar. One AN/FPS-6 was retired by 1963. On 31 July 1963, the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z-75. In addition to the main facility, Lackland operated an AN/FPS-14 Gap Filler site: In 1965, AN/FPS-20A was upgraded to an AN/FPS-91 A radar, then in 1969 it

4087-489: Was an active Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC) and Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) installation. In addition, with the closure of Kelly AFB, Lackland gained the section of base known as Security Hill. Security Hill is home to numerous units such as Air Combat Command 's 24th Air Force and 67th Network Warfare Wing and the Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency . All units on Security Hill are considered tenant units. Lackland now consists of

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4154-405: Was as foreign to the Japanese speakers as US military slang is to the average American civilian. During the war, the Military Intelligence Service Language School (MISLS), as it came to be called, grew dramatically. After the attack on Pearl Harbor Japanese-Americans on the West Coast and the Hawaii Territory were moved into internment camps in 1942. Because of anti-Japanese sentiments

4221-461: Was deactivated and the school moved back to the Presidio of Monterey . There it was renamed as the Army Language School. The Cold War accelerated the school's growth in 1947–48. Instructors were recruited worldwide, included native speakers of thirty plus languages. Russian became the largest program, followed by Chinese, Korean, and German. The Defense Language Institute English Language Center (DLIELC) traces its formal beginning to May 1954, when

4288-403: Was decided to combine all the military bases in San Antonio into one large base named Joint Base San Antonio. In April 2012 Lackland served as an overflow shelter for an influx of illegal immigrant minors after the Administration for Children and Families determined that all other local shelters were filled to capacity. On 28 October 2013, the Military Working Dog Teams National Monument

4355-620: Was expanded an extra two weeks to implement more air base defense training as well as other rudimentary skills. The BMT course of training is 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 weeks. Prior to 22 September 1993, Lackland AFB's Medina Annex was also home to Air Force Officer Training School (OTS), one of three USAF officer accession and commissioning sources in addition to the U.S. Air Force Academy and Air Force ROTC . On 25 September 1993, OTS permanently relocated to Maxwell AFB , Alabama. Lackland, like many other Air Education and Training Command (AETC) bases, trains enlisted airmen out of basic training in

4422-408: Was modified to an AN/FPS-66 A. The 741st Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was inactivated in December 1969, and the FAA assumed control of the radar site. In September 1972, the Houston-based 630th Radar Squadron sent a detachment (OL-D) to this FAA-operated site to set up an AN/FPS-6 height-finder radar to join the AN/FPS-66A search radar already in place (Z-241). The Air Force ceased using

4489-438: Was unveiled during a dedication ceremony with full military fanfare. The U.S. National Monument was authorized with the passage of Public Law 110–181, Section 2877, (having been introduced to Congress by Rep. Walter B. Jones ) which was passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush . The monument was built next to the Basic Military Training Parade Field, that location being chosen due to

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