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51-586: The galop was a forerunner of the polka , which was introduced in Prague ballrooms in the 1830s and made fashionable in Paris when Raab, a dancing teacher of Prague, danced the polka at the Odéon Theatre in 1840. In Australian bush dance , the dance is often called galopede . An even livelier, faster version of the galop called the can-can developed in Paris around 1830. The galop was particularly popular as

102-684: A Cro-Magnon population that arrived in Europe about 45,000 years ago; Neolithic farmers who migrated from Asia Minor during the Neolithic Revolution 9,000 years ago; and Yamnaya steppe pastoralists who expanded into Europe from the Pontic–Caspian steppe in the context of Indo-European migrations 5,000 years ago. In the Neolithic most of present-day Belarus was inhabited by Finno-Ugrians. Indo-European population appeared in

153-544: A tuba and banjo , and has roots in the American Midwest . " Conjunto -style" polkas have roots in northern Mexico and Texas , and are also called " Norteño ". Traditional dances from this region reflect the influence of polka-dancing European immigrants from 1800s. In the 1980s and 1990s, several American bands began to combine polka with various rock styles (sometimes referred to as " punk polka"), " alternative polka". Comedy musician "Weird Al" Yankovic

204-698: A "joke-polka" (German scherz-polka ) entitled " Champagner-Polka ", Op. 211, which evokes the uncorking of champagne bottles. Other composers who wrote music in the style of the polka were Jaromír Weinberger , Dmitri Shostakovich and Igor Stravinsky . Belarusians Belarusians ( Belarusian : беларусы , romanized :  biełarusy [bʲeɫaˈrusɨ] ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus . They natively speak Belarusian , an East Slavic language . More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with

255-407: A break between the two sections. The feminine and graceful 'French polka' (polka française) is slower in tempo and is more measured in its gaiety. Johann Strauss II 's "Annen-Polka"  [ de ] , Op. 114, " Demolirer-Polka , Op. 269, the " Im Krapfenwald'l ", Op. 336, and the " Bitte schön! " polka, Op. 372, are examples of this type of polka. The polka-mazurka is also another variation of

306-558: A large part of central and western Belarus with cities such as Polotsk , Vitebsk , Orsha , Minsk , Barysaw and Slutsk , while the remaining lands inhabited by Slavs were called Rus. From the 17th century onward, the name White Ruthenia ( Belarusian : Белая Русь , romanized :  Biełaja Ruś ) spread, which initially referred to the territory of today's Eastern Belarus ( Polotsk , Vitebsk ). The term "Belarusians", "Belarusian faith" and "Belarusian speech" also appeared at that time. As stated by historian Andrej Kotljarchuk ,

357-481: A part of the gammeldans tradition of music and dance. While it is nowhere near as old as the older Nordic dance and music traditions, there are still hundreds of polka tunes in each of the Nordic countries. They are played by solo instrumentalists or by bands/ensembles, most frequently with lead instruments such as accordion , fiddle , diatonic accordion, hardingfele and nyckelharpa . Bedřich Smetana incorporated

408-511: A process that for eastern and central Belarus ended around the 12th century. Belarusian lands in the 8th-9th centuries were inhabited by 3 tribal unions: the Krivichs , Dregoviches and Radimichs . Of these, the Krivichs played the most important role; Polotsk , founded by them, was the most important cultural and political center during this period. The principalities formed at that time on

459-647: A regular polka that may not fall into any of the categories above. The polka was a further source of inspiration for the Strauss family in Vienna when Johann II and Josef Strauss wrote one for plucked string instruments ( pizzicato ) only, the "Pizzicato Polka"  [ simple ] . Johann II later wrote the " Neue Pizzicato Polka " (New pizzicato-polka), Op. 449, culled from music of his operetta Fürstin Ninetta  [ de ] . Much earlier, he also wrote

510-583: A similar meter. For example, " Trasucha " ( Belarusian : "Трасуха", "Trasucha" or "Пацяруха", "Paciaruchais" ) a symbol of a typical folk dance, from which it received its name, and polka. Most often in Belarus, the polka is performed in pairs, moving half a step with turns in a circle. The dance is decorated with a variety of small pas, often accompanied by chastushkae . Belarusian polkas are extremely rich in their choreographic and musical patterns, and are distinguished by great modal and intonation diversity. Polka demands both skill and physical endurance from

561-585: Is a fan of polka, and on every album since 1984 (with the exception of Even Worse ), Al has taken bits of famous songs and modified them to fit polka style . The Grammy Awards were first presented for polka in 1985. The first award went to Frankie Yankovic , known as "America's Polka King", for his 70 Years of Hits album on Cleveland International Records . Cleveland International Records had another polka Grammy winner with Brave Combo 's Polkasonic in 1999. Other polka Grammy nominees included Frankie Yankovic 's America's Favorites (1986), Songs of

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612-579: The Czech Republic . Though generally associated with Czech and Central European culture , polka is popular throughout Europe and the Americas. The term polka referring to the dance is believed to derive from the Czech words "půlka", meaning "half-step". Czech cultural historian Čeněk Zíbrt attributes the term to the Czech word půlka (half), referring to both the half-tempo 4 and

663-578: The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences , which hosts the Grammy Awards , announced that it was eliminating the polka category "to ensure the awards process remains representative of the current musical landscape". A declining number of polka albums were considered for the award in previous years. Peruvian polkas (becoming very popular in Lima ). In the pampas of Argentina,

714-668: The Podlaskie Voivodeship ), the Russian Federation and Lithuania. At the beginning of the 20th century, Belarusians constituted a minority in the regions around the city of Smolensk in Russia. Significant numbers of Belarusians emigrated to the United States, Brazil and Canada in the early 20th century. During Soviet times (1917–1991), many Belarusians were deported or migrated to various regions of

765-663: The Polish high culture acquiring increasing prestige in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1697, Ruthenian was removed as one of the Grand Duchy's official languages. By the 17th century, Muscovites began encouraging the use of the word Belarusian and viewed the Belarusians as Russians and their language as a Russian dialect . This was done to legitimize Russian attempts of conquering the eastern lands of

816-536: The Polotsk  [ ru ] and Mogilev Governorates . However, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia banned the use of the word Belarus in 1839, replacing it with the designation Northwestern Krai . Due to the ban, various different names were used for naming the inhabitants of those territories. It was part of the Pale of Settlement , which was the region where Jews were allowed permanent residency. During World War I and

867-847: The United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy . During the Soviet era, Belarusians were referred to as Byelorussians or Belorussians (from Byelorussia , derived from Russian "Белоруссия"). Before, they were typically known as White Russians or White Ruthenians (from White Russia or White Ruthenia, based on "Белая Русь"). Upon Belarusian independence in 1991, they became known as Belarusians (from Belarus , derived from "Беларусь"), sometimes spelled as Belarusans , Belarussians or Belorusians . The term White Rus' ( Белая Русь , Bielaja Ruś ), also known as White Ruthenia or White Russia (as

918-553: The flag (with the hammer and sickle removed), anthem , and coat of arms would be those of the BSSR . The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly stated that the referendum violated international standards. Members of the opposition claimed that the organization of the referendum involved several serious violations of legislation, including a violation of the constitution. Belarusians, like most Europeans, largely descend from three distinct lineages: Mesolithic hunter-gatherers , descended from

969-690: The gaucho campeiros (provincial gauchos who keep the common way). The polka was very popular in South and Southwest of Brazil, where it was mixed with other European and African styles to create the Choro . There also exist Curaçaoan polkas. The polka ( polca in the Irish language ) is also one of the most popular traditional folk dances in Ireland , particularly in Sliabh Luachra , a district that spans

1020-592: The " Beer Barrel Polka " is played during the seventh-inning stretch and halftime of Milwaukee Brewers and Milwaukee Bucks games. Polka is also the official state dance of Wisconsin . The United States Polka Association is a non-profit organization based in Cleveland, Ohio. Cleveland is associated with North American " Slovenian-style polka ", which is fast and features piano accordion , chromatic accordion, and/or diatonic button box accordion. North American "Dutchmen-style" features an oom-pah sound often with

1071-400: The "polca" has a very fast beat with a 4 time signature. Instruments used are: acoustic guitar (usually six strings, but sometimes seven strings), electric or acoustic bass (sometimes fretless), accordion (sometimes piano accordion, sometimes button accordion), and sometimes some percussion is used. The lyrics always praise the gaucho warriors from the past or tell about the life of

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1122-663: The 17th century, the Russian tsars used the term to describe the lands added from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . However, during the Russian Civil War , the term White Russian became associated with the White movement . Belarusians are an East Slavic ethnic group, who constitute the majority of Belarus' population. Belarusian minority populations live in countries neighboring Belarus: Ukraine, Poland (especially in

1173-439: The 19th century also wrote polkas to satisfy the demands of the dance-music-loving Viennese. In France, another dance-music composer, Émile Waldteufel , wrote polkas. The polka evolved during the same period into different styles and tempos. In principle, the polka written in the 19th century has a four-theme structure; themes 1A and 1B as well as a 'Trio' section of a further two themes. The 'Trio' usually has an 'Intrada' to form

1224-463: The Berliner 3300s series (which include recordings like "The Signal polka" (BeA 3307) and "Exposition echoes polka" (BeA 3301), played by Arthur Pryor ), though most early records are extremely scarce or nonexistent anymore due to their fragile nature. There are various styles of contemporary polka besides the original Czech dance, which is still the chief dance at any formal or countryside ball in

1275-657: The Bronze Age. In the Iron Age , the south of present-day Belarus was inhabited by tribes belonging to the Milograd culture (7th–3rd century BC) and later Zarubintsy culture . Some considered them to be Balts. Since the beginning of common era , these lands were penetrated by the Slavs, a process that intensified during the migration period (4th century). A peculiar symbiosis of Baltic and Slavic cultures took place in

1326-535: The Czech Republic. In the 1850s, polka was expanded among Belarusians , and was transformed by the national culture. In different regions, local variants arose, which assimilated with local choreographic folklore and gained popularity. The ease of penetration of the polka into Belarusian choreography was due to its degree of proximity to Belarusian national choreographic traditions. The 2/4 meter polka merged well with Belarusian traditional dance, which had

1377-717: The Drive Time Polkas radio show on WXRL Mondays-Saturdays from 5pm-7pm and on WECK Sundays from 8am-11am. ) Beginning with its inception in 2001, the RFD-TV Network aired The Big Joe Show , a television program that included polka music and dancing. It was filmed on location in various venues throughout the United States from 1973 through 2009. RFD-TV replaced The Big Joe Show with Mollie Busta's Polka Fest in January 2011; after Big Joe's death, reruns of The Big Joe Show returned to RFD-TV in 2015. In 2009,

1428-459: The Nordic countries where it is known by a variety of names in Denmark (polka, reinlænderpolka, galop, hopsa, hamborger), Finland (polkka), Iceland, Norway (galopp, hamborgar, hopsa/hopsar, parisarpolka, polka, polkett, skotsk) and Sweden (polka). The beats are not as heavy as those from Central Europe and the dance steps and holds also have variations not found further south. The polka is considered

1479-623: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under the pretense of unifying all Russian lands. During three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772, 1793 and 1795) most of the territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were annexed by the Russian Empire . Following the destruction of Poland–Lithuania with the Third Partition in 1795, Empress Catherine of Russia created the Belarusian Governorate from

1530-583: The Polka King Vol. I , Songs of the Polka King Vol. II (1997), and Brave Combo's Kick Ass Polkas (2000). Jimmy Sturr & His Orchestra is one of the most popular polka bands in America, having won 18 of the 24 awards for Grammy Award for Best Polka Album . Polka Varieties was an hour-long television program of polka music originating from Cleveland , Ohio . The show, which aired in several U.S. cities, ran from 1956 until 1983. At that time, it

1581-565: The USSR, including Siberia , Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Since the 1991 breakup of the USSR , several hundred thousand Belarusians have emigrated to the Baltic states , the United States, Canada, Russia, and EU countries . The two official languages of Belarus are Belarusian and Russian . Russian was made co-official with Belarusian after the 1995 Belarusian referendum , which also established that

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1632-583: The area, but it was not a fully peaceful process, as evidenced by numerous fires in Balts' settlements in the 7th-8th centuries. According to Russian archaeologist Valentin Sedov  [ ru ] , it was intensive contacts with the Balts that contributed to the distinctiveness of the Belarusian tribes from the other Eastern Slavs . The Baltic population gradually became Slavic , undergoing assimilation,

1683-570: The ballrooms of Prague . From there, it spread to classical music hub Vienna by 1839, and in 1840 was introduced in Paris by Johaan Raab, a Prague dance instructor. It was so well received in Paris that its popularity was referred to as "polkamania." The dance soon spread to London in 1844, where it was considered highly fashionable, and was also introduced to America. It remained a popular ballroom dance in America, especially with growing Central, Northern, and Eastern European immigrant groups until

1734-626: The borders of counties Kerry , Cork and Limerick . Many of the figures of Irish set dances , which developed from Continental quadrilles , are danced to polkas. Introduced to Ireland in the late 19th century, there are today hundreds of Irish polka tunes, which are most frequently played on the fiddle or button accordion. The Irish polka is dance music form in 4 , typically 32 bars in length and subdivided into four parts, each 8 bars in length and played AABB. Irish polkas are typically played fast, at over 130 bpm, and are typically played with an off-beat accent. The polka also migrated to

1785-553: The cultural heritage of polka music and to honor its musicians through the Polka Hall of Fame . Chicago is associated with "Polish-style polka," and its sub-styles including "The Chicago Honky " (using clarinet and one trumpet ) and "Chicago Push" featuring the accordion , Chemnitzer and Star concertinas, upright bass or bass guitar , drums, and (almost always) two trumpets. Polka is popular in Milwaukee , Wisconsin, where

1836-599: The dancers. Like the square dance, the polka also has many local variants: "Віцебчанка, Viciebčanka", "Барысаўская, Barysaŭskaja", "Ганкоўская, Hankoŭskaja", and the names were also given according to the peculiarities of the choreography: "Through the leg", "With a podkindes", "With squats", "On the heel", "Screw" and others. In the United States, polka is promoted by the International Polka Association based in Chicago , which works to preserve

1887-682: The fall of Russian Empire , a short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic was declared in March 1918. Thereafter, modern Belarus' territory was split between the Second Polish Republic and Soviet Russia during the Peace of Riga in 1921. The latter created the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic , which was reunited with Western Belarus during World War 2 and lasted until the dissolution of

1938-521: The final dance of the evening. The " Post Horn Galop ", written by the cornet virtuoso Herman Koenig, was first performed in London in 1844; it remains a signal that the dancing at a hunt ball or wedding reception is ending. This dance-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Polka Polka is a dance style and genre of dance music in 4 originating in nineteenth-century Bohemia , now part of

1989-459: The first person who called himself "Belarusian" was Calvinist writer Salomon Rysinski (Solomo Pantherus Leucorussus). According to his words, he was born "in richly endowed with forests and animals Ruthenia near the border to frigid Muscovy" and doctorated at the University of Altdorf . From the 1630s, Old Belarusian (Ruthenian) started to be replaced by the Polish language , as a result of

2040-542: The first polka as being danced in Hradec Kralove , while others claimed it occurred in the village of Labska Tynica. Historians believe the polka evolved as a quicker version of the waltz, and associate the rapid bourgeoning in popularity of the polka across Europe in the mid-1800s with the spread of the Romantic movement , which emphasized an idealized version of peasant culture. By 1835, this dance had spread to

2091-550: The half-jump step of the dance. This name has been changed to "Polka" as an expression of honour and sympathy for Poland and the Poles after the November Uprising 1830-1831. "Polka" meaning, in both the Czech and Polish languages, "Polish woman". The name was widely introduced into the major European languages in the early 1840s. The polka's origin story first appears in the periodical Bohemia in 1844, in which it

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2142-553: The lands of the upper basins of Neman River , Dnieper River , and the Western Dvina River . The Belarusian people trace their distinct culture to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , earlier Kievan Rus' and the Principality of Polotsk . Litvin was a term used to describe all residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, primarily those belonging to the noble state , without distinction of ethnicity or religion. At

2193-431: The late 19th century. It may also be responsible for an increase in domestic popularity since the end of the 19th century, starting with the birth of recorded music, at first thanks to the many recordings provided by Emile Berliner's Gramophone company , which provided several examples of popular music. Some of the more desired American recordings include Berliner 230 ("Commodore Polka", played by W. Paris Chambers ) and

2244-630: The polka in his opera The Bartered Bride ( Czech : Prodaná nevěsta ) and in particular, Act 1. While the polka is Bohemian in origin, most dance music composers in Vienna (the capital of the vast Habsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire , which was the cultural centre for music from all over the empire) composed polkas and included the dance in their repertoire at some point in their careers. The Strauss family in Vienna, for example, while better-known for their waltzes , also composed polkas that have survived. Joseph Lanner and other Viennese composers in

2295-477: The polka, being in the tempo of a mazurka but danced in a similar manner as the polka. The final category of the polka form around that time is the Polka schnell , which is a fast polka or galop . Eduard Strauss is better known for this last category, as he penned the "Bahn Frei" polka, Op. 45, and other examples. Earlier, Johann Strauss I and Josef Lanner wrote polkas designated as a galop (quick tempo) or as

2346-499: The same time, the term Ruthenian ( Rusyn ) was in use, referring primarily to all persons professing Orthodoxy; later since the end of the 16th century it took on a broader meaning, and also referred to all the persons of Eastern Slavic origin, regardless of their religion. At the same time, there was a geographical division within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania between Lithuania proper and Rus'. However, it did not correspond to an ethnic or confessional division, as Lithuania proper included

2397-545: The term Rus' is often conflated with its Latin forms Russia and Ruthenia ), was first used in the Middle Ages to refer to the area of Polotsk . The name Rus' itself is derived from the Rus' people which gave the name to the territories of Kievan Rus' . The chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at " Albae Russiae, Poloczk dicto " in 1381. During

2448-598: The territory of Belarus were part of Kievan Rus' . The process of the beginning of the East Slavic linguistic community and the separation of Belarusian dialects slowly took place. As a result of Lithuanian expansion, the lands of Belarus became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This fact accelerated the Slavicization of the Baltic population. Between the 13th and 16th centuries, a distinct Ruthenian language

2499-451: Was attributed to a young Bohemian woman named Anna Slezáková (born Anna Chadimová). As told by Čeněk Zíbrt , the music teacher Josef Neruda noticed her dancing in an unusual way to accompany a local folk song called " Strýček Nimra koupil šimla ", or "Uncle Nimra Bought a White Horse" in 1830. The dance was further propagated by Neruda , who put the tune to paper and taught other young men to dance it. Some versions of this origin story placed

2550-457: Was formed. It is called "Old Belarusian language" by Belausian researchers and "Old Ukrainian" by the Ukrainian ones. The rulers and the elite of the Grand Duchy adopted elements of Ruthenian culture, primarily Ruthenian language, which became the main language of writing. Belarusians began to emerge as a nationality during the 13th and 14th centuries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania mostly on

2601-534: Was the only television program for this type of music in the United States. A number of polka shows originated from the Buffalo Niagara Region in the 1960s, including WKBW-TV 's Polka Time , which was hosted for its first half-year on air by Frankie Yankovic, and cross-border station CHCH-TV 's Polka Party , hosted by Walter Ostanek . In 2015, when Buffalo station WBBZ-TV launched the weekly Polka Buzz hosted by Ron Dombrowski, who also hosts

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