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30-453: The Galyat tracts were first 'discovered' by early British colonial officials, such as James Abbott , who ventured into these areas circa 1846–47. The British found them climatically conducive to them and began to develop some of the sites in the range/tract as hill resorts, to escape the summer heat of the low-lands. Later on, after Partition/Independence of Pakistan in 1947, these were neglected for some time but eventually developed further from

60-628: A British agent in Khiva and to travel to Russia to negotiate between the two powers. He had no authorisation to serve as the Khan's agent, but had no way to communicate with his superiors in India. In March 1840 Abbott set off from Khiva to Fort Alexandrovsk on the Caspian Sea . His caravan was attacked by Kazakhs and he was wounded in the hand and taken hostage, but he and his party were released because

90-764: A post with a local battalion in Mewar before becoming assistant to the Resident in Indore in 1842. Following the conclusion of the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1846, Abbott was hand picked to become one of Sir Henry Lawrence's "Young Men" , also known as The Paladins of the Punjab. These were East India Company officers sent to act as "advisers" to the Sikh ruler. Sir Henry Lawrence remarked of him: Made of stuff of

120-656: A small town and military cantonment which was to grow over time. Abbott himself could not long witness the growth of his town, which was later named after him by his colleague Herbert Benjamin Edwardes . In April 1853 he was removed from his post in the Hazara region and transferred back to the Bengal Army , where he was placed in charge of a gunpowder factory in Calcutta . His transfer came amid concerns from Lahore over

150-557: Is a popular tourist resort in the summer months. It is forested with pine, cedar, oak walnut and also oak and maple trees. In 2023, this region has been included by UNESCO in prestigious biospehere reserve sites. This Khyber Pakhtunkhwa location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Punjab, Pakistan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . James Abbott (Indian Army officer) General Sir James Abbott , KCB (12 March 1807 – 6 October 1896)

180-761: The East India Company Military Seminary in Addiscombe , Surrey . A number of his siblings achieved distinction, notably Augustus Abbott , Sir Frederick Abbott , Saunders Alexius Abbott and Keith Edward Abbott . He was commissioned as a cadet in the Bengal Artillery at the age of sixteen, arriving in India in 1823. He first saw action at the Siege of Bharatpur under the command of his older brother Augustus. In 1827 he

210-714: The 1960s onwards as popular resorts. The area, being home to the Karlal tribe, was called the 'Karral country' during the colonial times by the British (named after the tribe). The Karlal's are still the dominant tribe of the Galyat. The language spoke by the tribesmen is Hindko whereas the dialect of Hindko spoken is called the 'Dhundi-Kairali'. It is today located in what is the Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. At an elevation of 2,410 m (8,000 ft), it

240-665: The Black Mountain following the murder of Mr Carne and Mr Tapp, collector and sub-collector of the salt tax by a party of sixty Hassanzais in the Hazara region . Abbott's original seat of government in the Hazara was at Haripur with Jagirdar of Nara but he eventually decided to shift this up into the hills in 1851 for climatic and strategic reasons. Thus, a site was selected and acquired in late 1852, and Abbott thereafter shifted his headquarters there in January 1853, founding

270-555: The First Anglo-Sikh War, Hazara and Kashmir were to be transferred to Raja Gulab Singh ; Hazara, however, proved an intractable charge and was returned to the Lahore government by Gulab Singh in January 1847, in exchange for Jammu . Abbott was appointed assistant to Chattar Singh Attariwalla to quell unrest and undertake a survey of revenues. Abbott succeeded in this by learning the language, culture and religion of

300-637: The Kazakhs feared British retribution. He reached Saint Petersburg but the attempt at mediation failed. His bravery was recognised through promotion to full Captain. In May 1840 Lieutenant Richmond Shakespear of the Bengal Artillery went from Herat via Merv to Khiva . He was successful and escorted 416 Russian captives to the Caspian. Shakespear was knighted for this undertaking. In 1841, Abbott returned from Britain to India. He first held

330-455: The birth. He later married Anna Matilda de Montmorency in 1868, who died shortly after having given birth to a son, James Reymond de Montmorency Abbott. The Pakistani city of Abbottabad as well as the district is named after him. The city itself was founded by him in January 1853 and later grew from a small military outpost to a hub of trade. A portrait of James Abbott dressed as an Afghan noble and relating to his Central Asian journey,

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360-589: The court of Khiva in 1840, as part of the Great Game between British and Russians. After the failed Russian Khivan campaign of 1839 and a brief cooling off in relationship, Khiva sent mufti Ataniaz Khodja Raïs as ambassador to Saint Petersburg to the court of Nicholas I, later in 1840. Then in 1841, a Russian diplomatic mission, led by Captain Nikiphorov, was sent to the Tash Hauli Palace at

390-722: The court of the Khan of Khiva. The following year, Nicholas I received the Khivaite ambassadors Vaïsbaï Niyazov and Imbaï Babaev in Saint Petersburg. It was during the reign of Allah Kuli that the vast Tash Hauli Palace in the Itchan Kala was built, which was to serve as the official residence of the Khan in Khiva. The Tash Khauli Palace were constructed between 1830 and 1838 by about 1,000 slave laborers , and its first enslaved architect were reportedly impaled for his estimation that it would not be possible to construct

420-623: The gateway to India, in light of increasing Russian influence in Central Asia . In 1839 the British learned that Russia was planning an invasion of the Khanate of Khiva . In December 1839 acting Captain Abbott was sent from Herat to Khiva in an attempt to negotiate the release of Russian slaves and thereby deny the Russians a pretext for invasion. If war had already broken out, Abbott

450-469: The local Hazaras was noted by his successor Herbert Edwardes who wrote: He had literally lived among them as their patriarch – an out of the door, under tree life. Every man, woman and child in the country knew him personally, and hastened from their occupations to salute him as he came their way. The children especially were his favourites. They used to go to "Kaka Abbott" whenever their mouths watered for fruit or sugar plums. He spent all his substance on

480-586: The local people and promoting their social and economic interests. He made himself popular with Pashtun elders by permitting the call to prayer, which had been banned by the Sikhs. During the Second Anglo-Sikh War , cut off from all communication with British troops, and dependent upon his own resources, Abbott held the Margalla Hills with a vastly inferior force until the conclusion of

510-449: The methods of his governance, fears of divided loyalty, and antagonistic relationships with certain fellow officers. His last public act as Deputy Commissioner was to invite every person in the district to a party he was holding at Nara Hills. The party lasted three days and nights and was attended by 'a large and lamenting crowd of people'. Abbott reportedly spent all of his savings on the party save for one month's pay. His affection for

540-543: The palace as fast as the monarch wished. A vast Madrasa bearing his name was also built (1834–1835), as well as a new Caravanserai (1832–1833), a tim (covered market under a dome), the Saïtbaï mosque, the Ak Mosque , etc. In 1842, the Khan built six kilometers of walls around Dishan Kala , the outlying district of Khiva. They were built in just a month. It was also under his reign that the poet-historian Mounis Khorezmi,

570-456: The people. Before he left he also penned an ode to his new settlement: I remember the day when I first came here And smelt the sweet Abbottabad air The trees and ground covered with snow Gave us indeed a brilliant show To me the place seemed like a dream And far ran a lonesome stream The wind hissed as if welcoming us The pine swayed creating a lot of fuss And the tiny cuckoo sang it away A song very melodious and gay I adored

600-432: The place from the first sight And was happy that my coming here was right And eight good years here passed very soon And we leave you perhaps on a sunny noon Oh Abbottabad we are leaving you now To your natural beauty do I bow Perhaps your wind's sound will never reach my ear My gift for you is a few sad tears I bid you farewell with a heavy heart Never from my mind will your memories thwart. In 1857, Abbott

630-535: The rich Emirate of Bukhara , he carried out several raids against his neighbor. Likewise, he undertook five expeditions against Khorasan . Allah Kuli strengthened diplomatic ties with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Afghanistan, established new ties with Great Britain and tried to get closer ties with Persia. Two British envoys, James Abbott and Richmond Shakespear , were dispatched to

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660-498: The throne in 1825, upon the death of his father Mohammed Rahim Khan . He continued his father's policy of centralization. He put down the rebellion of the Turkmen Saryk tribe in 1828. He also continued the policy of economic recovery of the previous reign and had new canals dug and the irrigation system improved. In 1830–1831, the canal from Khiva to Konye-Urgench was dug. Enemy of the neighboring Shaybanids dynasty of

690-461: The true knight errant, gentle as a girl in thought, word and deed, overflowing with warm affection, and ready at all times to sacrifice himself for his country or his friend. He is at the same time a brave, scientific and energetic soldier, with a peculiar power for attracting others, especially Asiatics to his person. As part of the terms of the Treaty of Lahore signed after the defeat of the Sikhs in

720-531: The war, a feat for which he was thanked by the Governor-General , The Earl of Dalhousie : It is a gratifying spectacle to witness the intrepid bearing of this officer in the midst of difficulties of no ordinary kind, not merely maintaining his position, but offering a bold front, at one time to the Sikhs at another to the Afghans. He must have secured the attachment of the wild people amongst whom he

750-548: Was an English military officer in the Bengal Army and an administrator in British India . The city of Abbottabad , in present day Pakistan , was founded by and named after him. James Abbott was the third son of Henry Alexius Abbott, a retired merchant of Blackheath , Kent , and his wife Margaret Welsh, the daughter of William Welsh of Edinburgh . Abbott was educated at a school in Eliot Place, Blackheath and at

780-463: Was instructed to attempt to negotiate a settlement. Abbott reached Khiva in late January, a week or so before the Russians were forced to turn back due to an unusually cold winter. The Khivans knew little of Britain and he was hampered by a lack of understanding of Khivan language and culture. The attempt to release Russian slaves failed. He did agree with the Khivan ruler, Allah Quli Khan , to establish

810-680: Was painted in watercolour in 1841 by B. Baldwin (see illustration), now in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London, though it is not currently on display. Allah Quli Khan Allah Kuli Bahadur Khan (Uzbek: Olloqulixon; Russian: Аллакули-хан) (c. 1794–1842), was the 5th Khan of the Uzbek Kungrat dynasty in the Khanate of Khiva . He reigned between 1825 and 1842. Allah Kuli (or Quli) ascended

840-765: Was promoted to lieutenant-colonel , made a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 24 May 1873 and a general on his retirement in 1877. He settled in Ryde on the Isle of Wight in 1890 and was made a Knight Commander on 26 May 1894. He died on the Isle of Wight in 1896. He is buried with his second wife in Guildford , Surrey. Abbott married Margaret Anne Harriet in 1844. She gave birth to their daughter Margaret but died in connection to

870-691: Was promoted to lieutenant and made adjutant to the Sirhind division of artillery. During this period he saw little action, and between 1835 and 1836 was assigned to the revenue surveys in Gorakhpur and later Bareilly . In June 1838 he was promoted to brevet captain. In November 1838, Abbott served in the army of Sir John Keane , who had been tasked with supporting Shuja Shah Durrani in his bid to wrest power from Dost Mohammad Khan in Afghanistan . The British had been eager to secure Afghanistan ,

900-541: Was thrown by his mild and conciliatory demeanour in times of peace, as well as by his gallantry as their leader in action, thus enhancing the credit of our national character. After the British had annexed the Punjab in the aftermath of the Second Anglo-Sikh War, Abbott was promoted to brevet major and appointed First Deputy Commissioner of Hazara in 1849. In 1852, he successfully commanded an expedition to

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