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82-673: Indore ( / ɪ n ˈ d ɔːr / ; ISO : Iṁdaura, Hindi: [ɪn̪d̪ɔːr] ) is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh . It is the commercial hub of Madhya Pradesh. It is consistently ranked as the cleanest city in India. It serves as the headquarters of both the Indore District and the Indore Division . It is also considered the state education hub and houses campuses of both

164-414: A biennial global investors' summit, which attracts investors from several countries. Major industrial areas surrounding the city include: Pithampur (phases I, II and III alone host 1,500 large, medium and small industrial set-ups), Indore Special Economic Zone (around 3,000 acres/ 4.7 square miles/ 1,214 hectares), Industrial Area at Dewas I, II & III (around 745 acres/ 1.15 square miles/ 300 hectares)

246-604: A blend of Maharashtrian, Malwi, Rajasthani and Gujarati influence. The street food of the city is especially popular. Two of the most noteworthy street food places in Indore are Chappan Dukan and Sarafa Bazaar . As part of the Smart City project, the Chappan Dukan area has been developed as a smart food street. The cost of this project is ₹ 40 million and has been implemented in a 45-day period. Sarafa Bazaar, which

328-453: A census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 (municipal corporation) and 3,570,295 ( urban agglomeration ). The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province. Modern-day Indore traces its roots to its 16th-century founding as a trading hub between the Deccan and Delhi . It

410-439: A day, of which 650 MT is wet waste and 465 MT is dry waste . The municipality has 100% door to door collection and segregation. The city has a Centralized Processing Unit situated at Devguradia, Nemawar Road over an area of 146 acres . Waste collected at the garbage transfer stations in city is weighed, compressed and moved to this site for final processing. Indore also set up a Plastic Collection Centre (PCC) to reuse and recycle

492-551: A division of the Madhya Pradesh Police , is under the direct control of Department of Home Affairs. The government of Madhya Pradesh is the law enforcement agency in Indore. Indore district is divided into 39 police stations and seven police outposts. In 2012, it was reported that the Police Commissionerate system would be implemented in Indore, but this did not pan out because of tussle between

574-630: A night on the bare earth, and then defeated his enemies, who had grown wealthy and powerful. After defeating his enemies, he visited his widowed mother, whose eyes were "full of tears from joy". Many scholars read the name of the enemies mentioned in the Bhitari inscription as " Pushyamitras ", who according to the Puranas , were a tribe, and probably ruled an area located on the banks of the Narmada River . However, an alternative interpretation of

656-448: A report from August 2018, Indore achieved 100% treatment of the faecal matter generated in the city. The city has 3 sewage treatment plants (STPs), which includes a Sequencing Batch Reactors with a capacity of 245 MLD, the largest in the world, as well as a 78 MLD and 12 MLD Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor at Kabitkhedi and a third with a capacity of 122 MLD. As of 2019, Indore generates over 1,115 metric tons (MT) of garbage

738-413: A very exalted status in the eyes of her son. The inscription states that after restoring the fallen fortunes of his family by defeating his enemies, he visited his mother just like the legendary hero Krishna had visited his mother Devaki . Jagannath Agrawal theorizes that the composer of the inscription deliberately departed from convention and devoted a line to the king's mother: this was not because of

820-507: Is India's only night street-food market, attracts large crowds from the city and tourists from various places. Indore is also notable for its wide variety of namkeen s or savoury items and has many popular namkeen stores across the city. Most popular food items of Indore include poha, kachori, samosa, jalebi, gulab jamun, rabdi, gajak, imarti, bhel, pani puri, hot dog, egg banjo, moong bhajiya, moong daal halwa, dahi wada, sabudana khichdi, sabudana wada, dhokla , jeeravan, and sev. The city

902-501: Is also a seat for one of the two permanent benches of Madhya Pradesh High Court with Gwalior , the city, its agglomerates, and other 12 districts of western Madhya Pradesh falls under the jurisdiction of Indore High Court . Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority (IDA). IDA works as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in

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984-473: Is based on the following points: Another argument cited in favour of the disputed succession theory is that the records of the subsequent Gupta kings omit Skandagupta's name from the royal genealogy, listing Purugupta's name after that of Kumaragupta. An example is the Bhitari seal of the 6th century king Kumaragupta III . However, this omission may be explained by the fact that these subsequent kings were descendants of Skandagupta's half-brother Purugupta , and

1066-537: Is debatably the most vegetarian city in India; nearly 49% of population is vegetarian at some level. [1] Archived 28 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine ISO 15919 ISO 15919 is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system

1148-659: Is described in the table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There

1230-717: Is in the close proximity to Indore (around 35 km), on NH-3 section between Agra- Bombay Road. Sanwer industrial belt (1,000 acres/ 1.6 square miles/ 405 hectares), Laxmibainagar Industrial Area, Rau Industrial Area, Bhagirathpura Industrial Area, Kali Billod Industrial Area, Ranmal Billod Industrial Area, Shivajinagar Bhindikho Industrial Area, Hatod Industrial Area. The city also has IT Parks, Crystal IT Park (550,000 square feet), Pardeshipura IT Park (100,000 square feet), Electronic Complex, and Individual Special Economic Zones (SEZs) such as TCS SEZ, Infosys SEZ, Impetus SEZ, Diamond Park, Gems and Jewelry Park, Food Park, Apparel Park, Namkeen Cluster and Pharma Cluster. Pithampur near Indore

1312-643: Is known as the Detroit of Madhya Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange (MPSE) was set up in 1919. It is the only stock exchange in Central India and the third oldest stock exchange in India. It is located in Indore. The National Stock Exchange (NSE) has established an Investor Service Center in the city. TCS has officially started an offshore development center in Indore with a total campus area of around 1.5 million square feet. Collabera has also announced plans to open campuses in Indore. Infosys

1394-593: Is more likely that the description aims to highlight the degraded position of his mother just like that of the legendary Devaki, before Skandagupta restored her to a position of prestige and power, just like Krishna did for Devaki. Skandagupta ascended the throne in year 136 of the Gupta era ( c.  455 -456 CE). According to the Bhitari pillar inscription , he restored "the fallen fortunes of his family". The inscription states that when he prepared to do so, he spent

1476-462: Is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . Skandagupta Skandagupta ( Gupta script : [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Ska-nda-gu-pta , r. c.  455 -467) was a Gupta Emperor of India . His Bhitari pillar inscription suggests that he restored

1558-418: Is possible that he was a minor at the time of Kumaragupta I's death, because of which Skandagupta ascended the throne. Skandagupta appears to have died heirless, or his son may have been dethroned by Purugupta's family. Compared to his predecessors, Skandagupta issued fewer gold coins, and some of these coins feature relatively less quantity of gold . It is possible that the various wars fought by him strained

1640-483: Is quite scarce. At some point in his reign, Skandagupta revalued his currency, switching from the old dinar standard to a new suvarna standard that weighed approximately 9.2 gm. These later coins were all only of the Archer type, and this standard and type was followed by all subsequent Gupta rulers. Jaishankar Prasad , a renowned poet of modern Hindi literature , wrote a play named Skandagupta in 1928, based on

1722-683: Is represented in the parliament through the Indore Lok Sabha constituency , which covers most of the district. In May 2019, Shankar Lalwani of Bharatiya Janata Party , who is also the chairman of the Indore Development Authority, had been elected as the Member of Parliament from Indore. As per delimitation from 2008 , Indore city is represented in the state assembly constituency through 5 Constituencies, election for which last took place in 2018: The Indore Police ,

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1804-557: Is setting up a new development center at Indore at an investment of Rs. 1 billion in Phase I at Super Corridor. Infosys demanded an area of 130 acres (53 hectares) to open its new facility in Indore which will employ about 13,000 people. The government of MP has done the land allotment. Impetus, headquartered in Los Gatos, California, USA , with multiple offshore offices in Indore, has started operations at its 25-acre land, procured from

1886-581: Is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN), was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization

1968-535: Is the most populous city in Madhya Pradesh. It is also the largest metropolitan city in Central India. According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Indore city (the area under the municipal corporation and outgrowths) was 1,994,397. The population of the Indore metropolis ( urban agglomeration that includes neighbouring areas) was 2,170,295. In 2011, the city had a population density of 25,170 people per square mile (9,718 per square km), rendering it

2050-523: The Kathasaritsagara (11th century) states that the legendary king Vikramaditya ascended the throne after his father Mahendraditya abdicated it, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the mlechchhas. Since Mahendraditya was a title of Kumaragupta, and Vikramaditya that of Skandagupta, this may be a reference to Skandagupta's victory over the Hunas. The Junagadh rock, which contains inscription of

2132-648: The Holkars were defeated by the British during the Third Anglo-Maratha War , in the Battle of Mahidpur by which the capital was again moved from Maheshwar to Indore. A residency with British residents was established at Indore, but Holkars continued to rule Indore State as a princely state mainly due to efforts of their Dewan Tatya Jog. During that time, Indore has established the headquarters of

2214-503: The Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management . Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau , at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level, it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal . It is 57 km (35 mi) from Ujjain and 35 km (20 mi) from Dewas . Indore had

2296-621: The Indore Municipal Corporation and the Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, will be operated for a period of five years to purify the air in the city. Gupta inscriptions name Indore as "Indrapura". It is believed that the city is named after its Indreshwar Mahadev Temple, where Indra is the presiding deity. It is believed that Indra himself did Tapasya (meditation) in this place and led sage Swami Indrapuri to establish

2378-534: The Peshwa Baji Rao I . The pargana was formally granted to Malhar Rao Holkar by merging 28 and one-half Pargana by the Peshwa in 1733. The pargana headquarters were transferred back to Kampel during his reign. After his death, his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the headquarters to Indore in 1766. The tehsil of Kampel was converted into Indore tehsil by a change in the name. Ahilyabai Holkar moved

2460-676: The Swachh Survekshan since its inception and had ranked 25th in 2016. It has been ranked as India's cleanest city seven years in a row as per the Swachh Survekshan for the years 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. Meanwhile, Indore has also been declared as India's first 'water plus' city under the Swachhta Survekshan 2021. Indore became the only Indian city to be selected for International Clean Air Catalyst Programme. The project, with cooperation of

2542-544: The Vakataka king Narendrasena claims that his commands were obeyed by the rulers of Kosala , Mekala and Malava . The regnal dates of Narendrasena are not certain, but he is generally thought to be a contemporary of Skandagupta. Since Malava was a part of the Gupta Empire at one time, it is possible that Narendrasena raided Gupta territories during Skandagupta's reign. Skandagupta would have restored Gupta control over

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2624-495: The mlechchhas (foreigners): ...whose [Skandagupta's] fame, moreover, even [his] enemies, in the countries of the mlechchhas... having their pride broken down to the very root, announce with the words "verily the victory has been achieved by him." The victory against the mlechchhas happened in or before the year 136 of the Gupta era ( c.  455 -456 CE), when Skandagupta ascended the throne and when he appointed Parnadatta as

2706-598: The British Central Agency. Ujjain was originally the commercial centre of Malwa. But the British administrators such as John Malcolm decided to promote Indore as an alternative to Ujjain because the merchants of Ujjain had supported anti-British elements. In 1906 electric supply was started in the city, the fire brigade was established in 1909, and 1918, the first master-plan of the city was made by noted architect and town planner, Patrick Geddes . During

2788-656: The Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who may have been rebels or foreign invaders. He repulsed an invasion by the Indo-Hephthalites (known as Hunas in India), probably the Kidarites . He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, and is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors. The Gupta genealogy after him is unclear, but he was most probably succeeded by Purugupta , who appears to have been his younger half-brother. Skandagupta

2870-508: The IAS and IPS officers in the state. The bill was proposed again in 2018 and has been criticised by NewsClick. The system has not been implemented as of 2020, although there has been talk of it. As of 4 September 2013, the Divisional commissioner is Dr Pawan Kumar Sharma. In Feb 2020, the new Director General of Police became Vivek Johri while SSP Indore is Harinarayan Chari Mishra. Indore

2952-591: The Indian Union. On 1 November 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh , Indore became part of the newly formed state. Indore a city today of nearly 4.5 million (2018) residents, has been transformed from a traditional commercial urban centre into the modern dynamic commercial capital of the state. Indore lies on a borderline between a tropical savanna climate ( Aw ) and a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cwa ). Because of its high elevation and inland location even during

3034-592: The Indore Metropolitan Region (IMR) comprising Indore and its agglomeration covering an area of 398.72 km (153.95 sq mi). Primarily, IDA develops new residential areas. During the early stage of development of such areas, the IDA is responsible for developing basic infrastructure. Once a sizeable number of plots are sold, the area is formally transferred to the IMC, which is then responsible for

3116-578: The Marathas. The chief zamindar, Nandlal Chaudhary (later known as Nandlal Mandloi), paid a chauth of around Rs. 25,000 to the Marathas. Jai Singh II , the Mughal Governor of Malwa, reached Kampel on 8 May 1715, and defeated the Marathas in a battle near the village. The Marathas came back in early 1716, and raided Kampel in 1717. In March 1718, the Marathas, led by Santaji Bhonsale , invaded Malwa again, but were unsuccessful this time. By 1720,

3198-547: The Royal Palace. Later, she was trained in statecraft and accompanied the army to war on many occasions. At that time the Maratha Empire (which was founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsale ) was at the apex of its power. There were frequent battles and skirmishes, both against foreigners as well as internal feuds. In one such battle in 1754, Ahalyabai's husband was killed. Her aged father-in-law ( Malhar Rao )

3280-591: The SEZ. Besides these, there are several small and medium-sized software development firms in Indore. Webgility, a San Francisco-based ecommerce company that has had a presence in Indore since 2007, opened a 16,000 square-foot campus at NRK Business Park in 2017. Accenture has also opened the office in Vijay Nagar area. Nagarro and Persistent Systems also had the presence in Indore. Pinnacle Industries has an EV manufacturing unit at Indore. Indore's culinary culture has

3362-486: The Sudarshana lake, an ancient reservoir originally constructed by Chandragupta Maurya , and later improved by his grandson Ashoka. The dam was subsequently re-built by Rudradaman in c. 150, but burst in c. 456–457 (year 137 of the Gupta era ). Chakrapalita is said to have spent an "immeasurable" amount of wealth to build an embankment, and is also credited with the construction of a Vishnu temple. An inscription of

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3444-479: The area. The Peshwa returned to the Deccan , but left Malhar Rao Holkar at Indore to oversee the chauth collection. The Marathas maintained friendly relations with Nandlal Chaudhary, who held influence over the local Sardars (chiefs). In 1728, they defeated the Mughals decisively in the battle of Amjhera , and consolidated their authority in the area over the next few years. On 3 October 1730, Malhar Rao Holkar

3526-454: The capital and overcame rebels or rival claimants to ascend the throne. A sentence in the Sanskrit text Chandra-Vyakarana ( c.  7th century ) states Ajayad-Gupto Hunan , literally, "The Gupta conquered the Hunas". This may be a reference to Skandagupta's victory over the Hunas, although an alternative reading by scholar K. P. Jayaswal has "Jato" instead of "Gupto". A story in

3608-454: The central government sanctioned 70 crores under the AMRUT scheme to overhaul the water facilities. Indore used to receive 350 MLD of water from Jalud pumping station on Narmada river; while in 2019 the quantity reduced by 100 MLD, as of 2020 it has regained its capacity. The municipality supplies around 450 MLD water through piped connections to parts of the town on alternate days, other parts of

3690-436: The chief queen of his father Kumaragupta. J. F. Fleet read a line of the Bhitari inscription to state that Skandagupta was "raised to Aryan status by the panegyrics of bards". Based on this, A. L. Basham theorized that his mother was from a low-caste Shudra background. Others, such as Dasharatha Sharma have criticized this theory, pointing out that the Bhitari inscription clearly suggests that Skandagupta's mother held

3772-410: The city (out of a total 10,000 in the state). Indore has a city government, or municipality , with a mayor-council form of government. In 1870, the first municipality was constituted in Indore. Bakshi Khuman Singh( Commander In Chief) of Holkar State Army was appointed as chairman. Indore municipality became the first city to have an elected municipal government responsible for the welfare and growth of

3854-535: The city government is headed by the Mayor and the incumbent Mayor is Pushya Mitra Bhargava. As per a report from the Free Press Journal , Indore was notified in 2018 for not having constituted ward committees. The executive wing is headed by Pratibha Pal, the municipal commissioner of Indore, who is also the first female commissioner of the city. On 8 May 2020, the budget for of ₹ 4,763 crore for 2020–21

3936-494: The city have shortage of water. The urban poor and unauthorised slum area face a massive shortage of water, and need to purchases private water in drums, or need to have to access private tubewells. A joint study done by UN Habitat , IMC and WaterAid mapping poverty surveyed 176545 households (approximately 1/3rd of the households in the city), and found that 72% of the households did not have access to piped water supply. As of 2012, Indore generated nearly 240 MLD of sewage. As per

4018-558: The city's plastic waste and also installed a plastic cleansing machine known as a 'Phatka Machine'. Indore is a commercial center for goods and services. As per the official records released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Madhya Pradesh), the GDP (nominal) of Indore District is estimated at Rs. 64,813 crores for the year 2020–21. While its per-capita nominal GDP was recorded at INR 1,51,101 in 2020–21. The city also hosts

4100-588: The city. In the year 1956, during the reorganisation of states, Indore was included in Madhya Pradesh , and later that same year, was declared a municipal corporation . Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is spread over an area of 269 square km. The Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is a unicameral body consisting of 69 Council members whose districts are divided into 12 zones and these zones had been further divided into 69 wards defined by geographic population boundaries. In 2014, 29 villages were added into

4182-639: The collector's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The role of IDA is to implement the master plan for Indore prepared by the Town and Country Office, Bhopal. The headquarters of the IDA is at Race Course Road, Indore. Electricity in Indore is supplied by the Madhya Pradesh Paschim Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited, the state's agency. Major source of water in Indore are Narmada River and overhead tanks . In 2016,

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4264-683: The conflict with the Pushyamitras (or the Yudhyamitras ), which suggests that it happened later during Skandagupta's reign. However, a possible reference to this conflict in the Junagadh inscription suggests that it may have happened at the beginning of the Skandagupta's reign or during the reign of his father Kumaragupta. The Junagadh inscription, dated to the year 138 of the Gupta era (c. 457–458 CE) mentions Skandagupta's success against

4346-491: The earlier emperors, Ashoka and Rudradaman , has an inscription engraved on the orders of Skandagupta's governor Parnadatta. The inscription states that Skandagupta appointed governors of all provinces, including Parnadatta as the governor of Surashtra . It is not clear if the verse refers to routine appointments made by the king, or his actions after a political turmoil resulting from a war of succession or invasion. The inscription outlines several qualifications required to be

4428-542: The earth was shaken, when he, the creator (of a disturbance like that) of a terrible whirlpool, joined in close conflict with the Hûnas ; . . . . . . among enemies . . . . . . arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . proclaimed . . . . . . . . . . . . just as if it were the roaring of (the river) Ganga , making itself noticed in (their) ears." The date of the Huna invasion is not certain. The Bhitari inscription mentions it after describing

4510-573: The financial capital of Madhya Pradesh and was home to the Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange till its derecognition in 2015. Indore has been selected as one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission . It also qualified in the first round of Smart Cities Mission and was selected as one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart Cities. Indore has been part of

4592-560: The fold of the municipality. In 2015, 23 more villages were added. After these inclusions, the number of wards went up to 85, and zones 19. The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms. The municipal or local elections to Indore Municipal Corporation were last held in 2015. The next elections were to be held early in 2020, but as per a report from February 2020, these have not happened, although preparation of voter rolls and ward reservation happened later in July. The elected wing of

4674-603: The genealogical lists in their records intend to list only their direct ancestors, rather than provide a comprehensive list of the earlier Gupta kings. During Skandagupta's period, the Indo-Hephthalites (known as the White Huns or Hunas ) invaded India from the northwest, advancing as far as the Indus River . The Bhitari pillar inscription states that Skandagupta defeated the Hunas: (Skandagupta), "by whose two arms

4756-532: The governor of Surashtra, stating that only Parnadatta met these requirements. Again, it is not clear if these were actual qualifications required to be a governor under Skandagupta's rule, or if the verse simply aims to eulogise Parnadatta. Parnadatta appointed his son Chakrapalita as the magistrate of the Girinagara city (near modern Junagadh- Girnar area), which was presumably the capital of Surashtra. The Junagadh inscription records Chakdrapalita's repairs to

4838-474: The governor of the Saurashtra region, in which Junagadh is located. Since Skandagupta is not known to have fought against any other foreigners, these mlechchhas were probably the Hunas. If this identification is correct, it is possible that as a prince, Skandagupta was sent to check the Huna invasion at the frontier, and Kumaragupta died in the capital while this conflict was happening; Skandagupta returned to

4920-590: The headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel to Indore, due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. In 1724, the Marathas under the new Peshwa Baji Rao I , launched a fresh attack on the Mughals in Malwa. Baji Rao I himself led the campaign, accompanied by his lieutenants Udaji Rao Pawar , Malhar Rao Holkar and Ranoji Scindia . The Mughal Nizam met the Peshwa at Nalchha on 18 May 1724, and acceded to his demand of collecting chauth from

5002-482: The hottest months the nights are relatively cool, which is known as Shab-e-Malwa . Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter. The coldest temperature was 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) on 27 December 1936. Indore gets moderate rainfall of 700 to 800 millimetres (28 to 31 in) during June–September due to the southwest monsoon . Indore has been ranked 6th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India. Indore

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5084-460: The inferior status of the mother. Agrawal disputes Fleet's reading of the "Aryan status" line, providing an alternative reading: "whom nobility causes to blush by reason of the narrations of his exploits by means of songs and eulogies". This line seems to be inspired from a verse in Kalidasa 's Raghuvaṃśa . Agrawal further argues that the Bhitari inscription is a prashasti aimed at glorifying

5166-408: The inscription reads "Yudhyamitras" (a generic term for enemies) instead of "Pushyamitras". According to one theory, these enemies invaded the Gupta empire during the last years of Kumaragupta's reign, or shortly after his death, and Skandagupta defeated them. According to another theory, the conflict referred to in the Bhitari inscription resulted from a disputed succession to the throne. This theory

5248-431: The king, and its composer would not have made a derogatory insinuation about the low status of the king's mother. Jappen Oberoi has conclusively shown that Skandagupta's mother was a queen (if not the chief queen, and that makes Skandagupta the legitimate son of Kumaragupta I. Based on the inscription, some scholars have theorised that Devaki was the name of his mother. However, according to historian R. C. Majumdar , it

5330-478: The life of Gupta emperor Skandagupta. In the 1960s, Shanta Gandhi , Professor of Ancient Indian Drama while at National School of Drama , revived interest in Jaishankar Prasad's plays by successfully staging his most important play Skanda Gupta written in 1928, with little changes to the original script. The news article Dainik Jagran claimed that the popular movie Baahubali 2: The Conclusion

5412-510: The maintenance of the infrastructure in the area. The IDA consists of two appointed components; the collector of the district , who has executive powers, and the IDA Board which includes a chairman appointed by Government of Madhya Pradesh , Municipal Commissioner of Indore and five members form Town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board who scrutinise

5494-496: The most densely populated of all the municipalities with population over 100,000 in Madhya Pradesh . As per the 2011 census, 1,502,775 were literates, which translates to 75.4% of the total population, with an effective literacy rate (of population 7 years and above) 85.5%, with male literacy of 89.8% and female literacy was 81.2%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes populations in 2011 were 309,229 and 54,075, respectively. The total number of households were 404711. Majority of

5576-572: The period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86) efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. With the introduction of Railways in 1875, the business in Indore flourished during the reigns of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar , Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar . The Holkar State Darbar (Court) was composed of many Jagirdars , Sardars , Istamuradars, Mankaris and Zamindars . After India's independence in 1947, Holkar State, along with several neighbouring princely states, acceded to

5658-517: The population are Hindus (80.18%), followed by significant populations of Muslims (14.09%) and Jains (3.25%). Hindi is the official language of Indore city, it is spoken by a majority of the population. A number of Hindi dialects such as Malvi , Nimadi and Bundeli are spoken in decent numbers. Other languages with substantial number of speakers include Marathi , Urdu , Sindhi , Gujarati , Punjabi and Bengali . According to 2012 figures, around 6,000 Pakistani Hindu migrants live in

5740-472: The region soon after. A c. 460–461 inscription refers to the "tranquil reign of Skandagupta, the lord of hundred kings." The last known date of Skandagupta is c. 467–468 CE (year 148 of the Gupta era ), and he probably ruled for a few more years. Skandagupta was most probably succeeded by Purugupta , who appears to have been his half-brother. Purugupta was a son of Kumaragupta I from his chief queen, and therefore, must have been his legitimate successor. It

5822-507: The ruler of Indore after the death of her son with Khande Rao. Ahilya Bai was a great pioneer and builder of Hindu temples who constructed hundreds of temples and Dharmashalas throughout India. She is specially renowned for refurbishing and reconsecrating some of the most sacred sites of Hindu pilgrimage that had been desecrated and demolished in the previous century by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb including: In 1818,

5904-431: The state treasury, although this cannot be said with certainty. Skandagupta issued five types of gold coins: Archer type, King and queen type, Chhatra type, Lion-slayer type and Horseman type. His silver coins are of four types: Garuda type, Bull type, Altar type and Madhyadesha type. The initial gold coinage was on the old weight standard used by his father Kumaragupta of approximately 8.4 gm. This initial coinage

5986-467: The state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military center. Ahalyabai Holkar is fondly remembered as a noble, saintly and courageous woman. She ruled the kingdom of Indore (which was then part of the wider Maratha Empire ) for several decades. Her rule is remembered as a golden age in Indore's history. From an agricultural background herself, she married Khande Rao, prince of Indore. Thereafter, she resided in

6068-537: The temple. Later, Tukoji Rao Holkar who belonged to the Holkar clan of the Marathas and was the feudatory of Indore, renovated the temple. Gupta Empire inscription mentions Indore as city/town of Indrapura in Gupta Indore Copper plate inscription dated 146 Gupta era or 465 CE. These are also some of the earliest mentions of Indore where the city is mentioned as 'Indrapura'. Indrapura (modern day Indore)

6150-428: Was a son of the Gupta emperor Kumaragupta I . His mother may have been a junior queen or a concubine of Kumaragupta. This theory is based on the fact that Skandagputa's inscriptions mention the name of his father, but not of his mother. For example, Skandagupta's Bhitari pillar inscription lists the chief queens ( mahadevis ) of his ancestors Chandragupta I , Samudragupta , and Chandragupta II , but does not mention

6232-573: Was appointed as the Maratha chief of Malwa . The local zamindars, who had the title of Chaudhari , came to be known as Mandloi s (after mandal , an administrative unit) during the Maratha reign . The Holkar dynasty of the Marathas, which controlled the region, conferred the title of Rao upon the local zamindar family. After Nandlal died, his son Tejkarana was accepted as the Mandloi of Kampel by

6314-834: Was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for the transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which

6396-801: Was approved for the civic body. Major sources of revenue for the municipality include collection of property tax, water tax, rent. Indore municipality follows the guidelines as per the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporations Act 1956 Archived 20 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine , as well as the Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961 . The IMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning, and welfare services. Indore city

6478-638: Was founded on the banks of the Kanh and Saraswati rivers. The city came under the Maratha Empire , on 18 May 1724, after Peshwa Baji Rao I assumed the full control of Malwa . During the days of the British Raj, Indore State was a 19 Gun Salute (21 locally) princely state (a rare high rank) ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty, until they acceded to the Union of India . Indore functions as

6560-483: Was shattered at the death of his son. He summoned Ahalyabai, who he loved deeply, and said: "You are now my son. I wish that you look after my kingdom". Malhar Rao Holkar died in 1766, 12 years after the death of his son Khande Rao. Malhar Rao's grandson and Khande Rao's only son Male Rao Holkar became the ruler of Indore in 1766, under Ahilya Bai's regency, but he too died within few months in April 1767. Ahilya Bai became

6642-647: Was the headquarters of a mahal (administrative unit) under the Ujjain sarkar of Malwa Subah (province). The area of the modern Indore city was included in the Kampel pargana (administrative unit). In 1715, the Marathas invaded this region (Mughal territory) and demanded chauth (tax) from the Mughal Amil (administrator) of Kampel. The Amil fled to Ujjain , and the local zamindars agreed to pay Chauth to

6724-464: Was then known for its sun temple, where in 464–65 CE, Gupta king Skandagupta had made an endowment for the permanent maintenance of the city's sun temple. The temple was constructed by two merchants of the city – Achalavarman and Bhṛikuṇṭhasiṁha. During the Mughal era , the area under the modern Indore district was equally divided between the administrations ( sarkar s) of Ujjain and Mandu . Kampel

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