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15-627: Cenderawasih Bay is a large bay to the northwest of the Indonesian province of Papua, north of the province of Central Papua, and east of the province of West Papua, between the Bird's Head Peninsula and the mouth of the Mamberamo River . The bay is more than 300 kilometers wide. The coastline from Manokwari , in the northwest of the bay, to Cape d'Urville at the mouth of the Mamberamo

30-608: Is Mount Arfak . It is 2,955 meters (9,695 feet) high and is located 21 miles southwest of Manokwari. Both of the mountain ranges have a diverse mix of sandstone, limestone, and volcanic rock. A large basin called the Kebar Valley divides the two mountain ranges. The peninsula is part of three ecoregions . The lowlands and foothills are in the Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests ecoregion. The New Guinea mangroves ecoregion includes coastal mangrove forests. The mountains of

45-670: Is around 200 by 300 kilometers, and is bio-geographically diverse, containing coastal plains to the south. The Arfak Mountains are a 2900-meter-high mountain range that is found in the east. Slightly lower than the Arfak Mountains, the Tamrau Mountains are found in the north. Bon Irau is the highest mountain in the Tamrau Mountains, at 2,501 meters (8,205 feet). The highest mountain on the Bird's Head Peninsula

60-526: Is at the northwestern end of the island of New Guinea . It is bounded by Cenderawasih Bay to the east, Bintuni Bay to the south, and the Dampier Strait to the west. Across the strait is Waigeo , an island in the Raja Ampat archipelago. Batanta island lies just off the peninsula’s northwest tip. Another peninsula, Bomberai Peninsula , lies to the south, across Bintuni Bay. The peninsula

75-536: Is more than 700 kilometers long. To the south, the Wandammen Peninsula heads north into the bay. Important places along the coast are Manokwari, Ransiki , Wasior and Nabire . The Wamma River , Tabai River , Warenai River , and Wapoga River empty into the Bay. The Dutch name of the bay was after the frigate De Geelvink with which Jacob Weyland sailed through the bay in 1705. The Dutch frigate

90-620: The Tambrauw Mountains or the Tamarau Mountains , is a mountain range located in the north-central region of the Bird's Head Peninsula in the province of West Papua , Indonesia . It is made up of an isolated and lesser continuous mountain chain compared to the Arfak Mountains . The Tamrau and Arfak Mountains are both divided by the grassy Kebar Valley , which is the heartland of many indigenous people, with

105-504: The king bird-of-paradise . Road construction, illegal logging , commercial agricultural expansion and ranching potentially threaten the integrity of the ecoregion. The south-eastern coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula forms part of the Teluk Cenderawasih National Park . Archaeological findings indicate that local settlement dates back at least 26,000 years BP. Today, most people live in villages along

120-607: The Bird's Head Peninsula. The official language is Indonesian . The Austronesian languages spoken on the Bird's Head Peninsula mostly belong to the South Halmahera–West New Guinea (SHWNG) group. There are various non-Austronesian Papuan languages native to the peninsula, which are classified as South Bird's Head languages , East Bird's Head languages , West Bird's Head , or language isolates . Papuan language families: Language isolates : Tamrau Mountains The Tamrau Mountains , also known as

135-420: The bay are Mios Num ( Pulau Num ), Rumberpon, Waar (or Meoswaar), Roon and Kurudu. The Mapia Islands lie to the north, and south of Palau . Bird%27s Head Peninsula The Bird's Head Peninsula ( Indonesian : Kepala Burung , Dutch : Vogelkop , meaning Bird's Head in Indonesian and Dutch) or Doberai Peninsula ( Semenanjung Doberai ) is a large peninsula that makes up the northwest portion of

150-716: The bay was declared a marine national park in 2002. The Wondiwoi/Wandammen Natural Reserve of 730 km2 protects the great biodiversity of the Wandammen Peninsula. In the bay is the archipelago known as the Biak Islands (also called the Schouten Islands, or Geelvink Islands), comprising Biak , the Padaido Islands , Supiori and Numfor (Numfoor). Further south in the bay is the 140 kilometer long island of Yapen (Japen). Smaller islands in

165-416: The city of Sorong on the west coast and Manokwari on the east coast. Manokwari is the largest city with as of 2010 a population of 135,000 and, within the metropolitan area, a population of 155,000. The city of Sorong has a population of 125,000 and, within the metropolitan area, a population of 170,000. This city also has the largest metropolitan area. Papuan Malay is the local lingua franca spoken in

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180-460: The coast, with small concentrations inland. Villagers practise subsistence farming by shifting cultivation of copra , rice , maize and peanuts , as well as hunting. There are more than 80 villages scattered around the peninsula. There are about 18 main settlements that are the principal towns of the five regencies found on the peninsula. These cities include Bintuni , Teminabuan , Sorong , Aimas , and Manokwari . The largest settlements are

195-633: The island of New Guinea , comprising the Indonesian provinces of Southwest Papua and West Papua . It is often referred to as The Vogelkop, and is so named because its shape looks like a bird's head on the island of New Guinea. The peninsula at the opposite end of the island (in Papua New Guinea ) is called the Bird's Tail Peninsula . The peninsula just to the south is called the Bomberai Peninsula . The Bird's Head Peninsula

210-503: The peninsula above 1000 meters elevation constitute the Vogelkop montane rain forests ecoregion. The montane rain forests include an area of more than 22,000 km . Over 50% of the montane forests are located within protected areas. There are over 300 bird species on the peninsula, of which at least 20 are unique to the ecoregion, and some live only in very restricted areas. These include the grey-banded munia , Vogelkop bowerbird , and

225-650: Was named after Geelvinck family. The Tidore Sultanate had tributary ties with the region. Seafarers from the area used to regularly pay homage to the sultan. Teluk Cenderawasih National Park is located in the Teluk Cenderawasih. In the Cenderawasih Bay extensive coral reefs exists. Parts of the area have been declared a protected marine reserve of 1.5 million hectares, the largest natural park in Southeast Asia. The western part of

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