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76-466: General Viejo's colonization began at the end of the 19th century. Manuel Estrada settled in this land in 1870. Also, Marta Durán Elizondo and her husband Trino Montero, who was known as "Don Trino", were one of the few families that founded what is now the population of the General Valley. El General has an area of 76.35 km and an elevation of 710 metres. For the 2011 census , El General had

152-646: A Central America Unionist party and oppose the strong regime of Estrada Cabrera. The Unionist party began its activities with the support of several sectors of the Guatemala City society, among them the Universidad Estrada Cabrera students and the labor associations, who under the leadership of Silverio Ortiz founded the Patriotic Labor Committee. The new party was called "Unionist", to differentiate it from both

228-519: A bombing attack on the president of Guatemala, Estrada Cabrera, which took place on April 29, 1907, and is generally known in Guatemala as "The Bomb". The Echeverría brothers and their confederates were members of the elite class and had studied abroad, but when they returned to Guatemala, they objected to the government's extreme abuse of power and determined on assassinating the president. They decided on explosives. They prepared everything meticulously:

304-428: A list of how many "mozos" are to vote in the elections. The president's ministers were simply his advisors and the state revenues had made its way to the presidential pocket: following the rule established by his predecessors managed to lay aside a fortune of 150 million, in spite of earning only US$ 1000 a year. The President chose the ministers from among his most faithful adherents, and they had no voice whatsoever in

380-505: A lot of books about modernism. Generally, they ignore Gómez Carrillo. This musketeer winner in life, has not escaped the destiny of those who indulge in their excesses. Besides, he lacked something critical to accomplish immediate celebrity: loved relatives and a protector government.» Further along, the chapter says: «[...] in Guatemala, asking about Gómez Carrillo, no body had any information. His own brother, language professor, carries along completely oblivious to his brother's glory [...] and

456-587: A military academy in the Army Artillery Fort in 1915. The building, constructed in 1907, suffered severe damage during the 1917–1918 earthquakes, and was not open again until the end of 1919. In 1920, prince Wilhelm of Sweden visited Guatemala and made a very objective description of both Guatemalan society and Estrada Cabrera government in his book Between two continents, notes from a journey in Central America, 1920 . The prince explained

532-826: A new successor, but declined to invite Estrada Cabrera to the meeting, even though he was the First Designated to the Presidency. There are two versions on how he was able to get the Presidency: (a) Estrada Cabrera entered "with pistol drawn" to assert his entitlement to the presidency and (b) Estrada Cabrera showed up to the meeting and demanded to be given the presidency as he was the First Designated". The first Guatemalan head of state from civilian life in over 50 years, Estrada Cabrera overcame resistance to his regime by August 1898 and called for September elections, which he won handily. At that time, Estrada Cabrera

608-530: A population of 6,373 inhabitants. The district is covered by the following road routes: This Costa Rican location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Manuel Estrada Manuel José Estrada Cabrera (21 November 1857 – 24 September 1924) was the President of Guatemala from 1898 to 1920. A lawyer with no military background, he modernised the country's industry and transportation infrastructure, via granting concessions to

684-708: A scholarship to study in Spain, from then President of Guatemala Manuel Lisandro Barillas . Before moving there, he went to Paris, where he met several writers, such as Paul Verlaine , Jean Moréas and Leconte de Lisle . He subsequently moved to France in 1892, becoming a journalist for a Spanish newspaper thanks to his close friend the Spanish writer Alfredo Vicenti and becoming acquainted with many Parisian literary figures such as James Joyce , Oscar Wilde and Émile Zola . The following year he published his first book, Esquisses , which includes profiles of several writers of

760-462: A semi-official newspaper owned by Estrada Cabrera, went as far as to publish the conspirators autopsy details. By 1908, Santo Domingo Church members had modified the path of its centennial and traditional Good Friday procession, such that now it passed in front of Estrada Cabrera's house on the 7th S. Avenue in Guatemala City . That year, several Military Academy cadets, after noticing that

836-480: A semi-official newspaper owned in part by President Estrada Cabrera, spent more than two months issuing two numbers a day reporting on the damage, but after a while, started criticizing the central government after the slow and inefficient recovery efforts. In one of its articles, it went as far as to tell that some holy Jesus sculptures from the City had been saved because they had been taken away from their churches after

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912-481: A strike (after the armed forces refused to respond), the president ordered an armed unit to enter the workers' compound. The forces "arrived in the night, firing indiscriminately into the workers' sleeping quarters, wounding and killing an unspecified number." In 1906 Estrada faced serious revolts against his rule; the rebels were supported by the governments of some of the other Central American nations, but Estrada succeeded in putting them down. Elections were held by

988-423: A successor, and said: "Gentlemen, let me please sign this decree. As First Designated, you must hand me the Presidency". His first decree was a general amnesty and the second was to reopen all the elementary schools closed by Reyna Barrios, both administrative and political measures aimed at winning over public opinion. Estrada Cabrera was almost unknown in the political circles of the capital and one could not foresee

1064-670: A well-organized web of spies. One American Minister returned to the United States after he learned the dictator had given orders to poison him. Former President Manuel Barillas was stabbed to death in Mexico City, on a street outside of the Mexican presidential residence on Cabrera's orders; the street now bears the name of Calle Guatemala. Also, Estrada Cabrera responded violently to workers' strikes against UFC. In one incident, when UFC went directly to Estrada Cabrera to resolve

1140-541: Is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery. Next to him are the remains of his last wife, Consuelo, who had become countess of Saint-Exupéry after her third marriage, to French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry . On 9 July 1941, by initiative Nicaraguan write Juan Manuel Mendoza, who wrote Gómez Carrillo's biography, a Committee pro Enrique Gómez Carrillo Monument was created, and it was in charge of Natalia Górriz de Morales . Among those who worked with

1216-746: The Montyon of the Académie Française for the French translation of his book The Japanese Soul . In 1916 he was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor , and later promoted to Commander in the same order. Ever since his arrival in Europe, Gómez Carrillo sent his critical and opinion articles to El Liberal , a prestigious Spanish newspaper. Among the journalists in Europe there were very few that could match him, so that he came to be known as "Prince of

1292-471: The 16th and 17th W streets when the bomb detonated. The explosion failed to injure Estrada Cabrera or those that were with him. Only the driver and one of the horses died. On May 2, 1907, Emilio Ubico, brother of Arturo Ubico Urruela —president of Congress—and uncle of Jorge Ubico Castañeda —political chief of Verapaz, was appointed Chief of Police, in charge of the investigations, along the Secretary of

1368-506: The 7th. S. Avenue, between 16th and 17th W. streets. The detonation was horrendous and it was heard all over the city; but fortunately, for the good of the Motherland, its effects were far away from following the highly despicable desires of its criminal makers. In early 1907, lawyer Enrique Ávila Echeverría and his brother, physician Jorge Ávila Echeverría, along with Dr. Julio Valdés Blanco and electrical engineer Baltasar Rodil, planned

1444-524: The American-owned United Fruit Company , whose influence on the government was deeply unpopular among the population. Estrada Cabrera ruled as a dictator who used increasingly brutal methods to assert his authority, including armed strike-breaking , and he effectively controlled general elections. He retained power for 22 years through controlled elections in 1904, 1910, and 1916, and was eventually removed from office when

1520-538: The Chroniclers". His massive work production is not known in its entirety because he worked for a lot of different news outlets throughout his life; the most famous were: Among his major contributions were: For his war contributions, the French government granted him the high dignity of Commentator of the Legion of Honor. He was also a skilled interviewer, and his most famous one was with pope Benedict XV during

1596-706: The Colombian Rafael Madriñán escaped the country on a bicycle. The mother of the Romaña brothers took the Mexican Ambassador, Federico Camboa, to the house where the Avila Echeverría brothers and his friends were hiding, who, knowing that they had only days to live, gave him all their valuables and begged him to pass them on to their relatives. At last, after several days of uncertainty, Rufina Roca de Monzón gave them shelter in

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1672-462: The Interior, Reina Andrade. A few days later, Congress issued Decree 737, by which any explosive-related import was prohibited, unless previously authorized by the Secretary of War. Over the next twenty-two days, the four conspirators fled through the small streets and little holes that they could find, trying to escape from Guatemala City, but the government surrounded the city and slowly tightened

1748-590: The Liberal and Conservative parties and therefore be able to appeal all "good willing, freedom and democracy loving" men who "dreamed of the Central America Union". The headquarters of the new party were in a house belonging to the Escamilla family which soon was known as "People's House". Tácito Molina wrote a founding Act for the party, which was signed by fifty one citizens on 25 December 1919 and

1824-589: The Military Academy to be closed, its building demolished and that salt would be spread on the field. Several military officers were sent to prison, including some loyal to the president. Conditions in the Penitentiary were cruel and foul. Political offenses were tortured daily and their screams could be heard all over the Penitentiary. Prisoners regularly died under these conditions since political crimes had no pardon. It has been suggested that

1900-759: The President was incapable of leading the recovery efforts. Bishop of Facelli, Piñol y Batres from the Aycinena family, began preaching against the government policies in the San Francisco Church in 1919, instructed by his cousin, Manuel Cobos Batres. For the first time, the Catholic Church opposed the President. Additionally, Cobos Batres was able to inflame the nationality sentiment of conservative leaders José Azmitia, Tácito Molina, Eduardo Camacho, Julio Bianchi and Emilio Escamilla into forming

1976-449: The aesthetic decadence of his writings. Guatemala is probably the country where Gómez Carrillo is least known, and where the few that do know about his work, are those who criticize it the most. Official cultura curriculum has ignored him, neglecting both his persona and his work. Luis Cardoza y Aragón , has been the direct culprit of this; in both of his memoirs Cardoza y Aragón wrote complete chapters about Gómez Carrillo where he attacks

2052-483: The capital, Guatemala City . Yet, due to lack of funding exacerbated by the collapse of the internal coffee industry, the railway fell sixty miles short of its goal. Estrada Cabrera decided, without consulting the legislature or judiciary, that striking a deal with the United Fruit Company was the only way to finish the railway. Cabrera signed a contract with UFC's Minor Cooper Keith in 1904 that gave

2128-554: The committee were Miguel Ángel Asturias and Federico Hernández de León , who put at the committee's service the Diario del Aire broadcasts, and Nuestro Diario newspaper, respectively. Finally, during Dr. Juan José Arévalo presidency, in 1947 the monument was opened to the public in Concordia square, which was renamed as Enrique Gómez Carrillo Park. In 1960 a tomb for those famous Guatemalan intellectuals that had died overseas

2204-510: The company tax-exemptions, land grants, and control of all railroads on the Atlantic side. Estrada Cabrera often employed brutal methods to assert his authority, as was the fashion in Guatemala at the time. Like him, presidents Rafael Carrera y Turcios and Justo Rufino Barrios had led tyrannical governments in the country. Right at the beginning of his first presidential period, he started prosecuting his political rivals and soon established

2280-429: The dynamics of Guatemalan society at the time pointing out that even though it called itself a "Republic", Guatemala had three sharply defined classes: Prince Wilhelm also described how the country was after two decades of government of Estrada Cabrera. Guatemala was naturally rich: But the means of communication were poorly developed; aside from the railway that ran from shore to shore going through Guatemala City and

2356-408: The economy. However, Jose Maria Barrios was assassinated before he was able to complete this transition between paper currencies. As a result, Manuel Estrada Cabrera inherited a country with a huge economic problem. Unfortunately, he was unable to succeed instantly, for to keep his government afloat, plus improve on the countries educational system. He had to temporarily increase again the production of

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2432-427: The explosives, the detonators, the day and the exact time; even the president's driver—Patrocinio Monterroso—was part of the conspiracy. On the day planned for the attack, April 29, the president was traveling in the capital in his chariot along with his 13-year-old son, Joaquin, and his Chief of Staff, general José María Orellana . Around 10 a.m., the president and his retinue were traveling on 7th S. Avenue, between

2508-460: The extreme as a relentless dueler , syphilitic , traveller and correspondent. He died on November 29, 1927, and is buried in Paris's Père Lachaise Cemetery ; years later, when Consuelo died, she was buried alongside him; upon his death, she inherited his two homes in Paris and Cimiez , near Nice. Gómez Carrillo died in Paris on 27 November 1927 victim of an aneurysm following years of excess and

2584-648: The extreme despotic characteristics of the man did not emerge until after an attempt on his life in 1907. In 1910 both his wife, Desideria Ocampo, and his firstborn child, Diego Estrada, died of tuberculosis. Desideria Ocampo died in Nice, France after Estrada Cabrera sent her there for treatment. Diego had contracted a venereal disease while he was studying in the United States. The treatment of this, and his previous excesses led to tuberculosis; unable to cope with it, he killed himself. On November 8, 1912, Francisco Estrada, who had just returned to Guatemala from Europe where he

2660-462: The features of his government or his intentions. From the pen of the writers of 'The Liberal Idea', especially that of Enrique Gómez Carrillo , these phrases out support for the first election of Manuel Estrada Cabrera: And when the election was getting close: In 1898 the legislature convened for the election of President Estrada Cabrera, who triumphed thanks to the large number of soldiers and policemen who went to vote in civilian clothes and to

2736-414: The final decision of affairs; and Congress was not much better, as no laws were ever passed without previous approval from the highest quarter. Finally, the courts of law were complete pledged to the presidential interests. Throughout the entire administration prevailed rampant corruption. In the case of the president and ministers they procured additional revenues for themselves by granting concessions and

2812-467: The first earthquake as they "did not want to stay anymore in a city where excessive luxury, impunity and terror were rampant". Likewise, the newspaper complained that the National Assembly was issuing "excellent" laws, but nobody was "going by the law". Finally, on its front page of May 1918, it complained that there was "still debris all over the city". The Diario de Centro América itself

2888-476: The following: «CRIMINAL ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT. At eight in the morning of today, when Mr. President of the Republic, Manuel Estrada Cabrera, left his home in his chariot and was on his way to the south of the city on the laudable mission to inspect the construction work that for the good of civilization and progress he ordered, a dynamite loaded mine activated by an electrical device, made a horrible explosion on

2964-418: The fourth term of Estrada Cabrera, despotism prevailed. Universal suffrage was the rule, but presidential elections were a farce as only the President himself was allowed to figure on the ballot papers and opposition was forbidden as any rival candidate was looked after by the police, and detained at best if not killed outright. Besides, anyone declining to vote was a suspect at once, and each plantation received

3040-405: The generals; the rank and file went about in rags and beg; proper uniform and army boots was non-existent with the soldiers going around barefoot. There was one general for each 100 men and they were the only ones that had dilapidated half boots. The soldiers, like the general population, were uneducated as it was in the interest of the authorities to keep them as ignorant as possible in order that

3116-496: The international opinion on opening spaces for political rivals, but kept arresting Unionist sympathizers. On 11 March 1920, the new party organized a large demonstration against the government, but the army fired into the crowd, fomenting more resentment and anger which further united the Guatemalan people against the President. The National Assembly, whose president then was Adrián Vidaurre , former Secretary of War and one of

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3192-591: The large German-Guatemalan population, which held several assets connected to coffee as explained by Ralph Lee Woodward. Cabrera did very little when it came down to seizing these German-owned businesses and reselling them to American companies. One of the German-owned businesses to have been seized was the Empresa Eléctrica del Sur , which was later sold to an American business called Henry W. Catlin’s Electric Lighting Company in 1885. Estrada Cabrera

3268-740: The large number of illiterate family members that they brought with them to the polls. Also, the effective propaganda that was written in the official newspaper "the Liberal Idea ', run by the poet Joaquin Mendez. Among the writers were Enrique Gómez Carrillo , Rafael Spinola , Máximo Soto Hall and Juan Manuel Mendoza, and others. Gómez Carrillo received as a reward for his work as political propagandist an appointment as general consul in Paris, with 250 gold pesos monthly salary, and immediately went back to Europe The other candidates were: One of Estrada Cabrera's most famous and most bitter legacies

3344-403: The like; lower officials get money as they saw fit. All these issues were rarely known as everyone feared for their own life and keep silent. There was a universal conscription law, but almost any one could obtain exemption by payment and in reality only "mozos" were recruited. If there was ever a need for additional recruits, they were gathered by force. The pay of the army went only as far as

3420-413: The masses might be more easily led. The seismic activity started on 17 November 1917 and ruined several settlements around Amatitlán. On December 25 and 29 of the same year, and on January 3 and 24 of the next, there were stronger earthquakes felt on the rest of the country, which destroyed a number of buildings and homes in both Guatemala City and Antigua Guatemala . The Diario de Centro América ,

3496-476: The most important members of Cabrera's cabinet, declared the President unable to continue and designated Carlos Herrera y Luna as interim president. Cabrera resisted this designation and settled for a fight from his residence in "La Palma", until he was defeated in April, following the "Tragic Week" during which Guatemala was in a state of revolution against the regime, and armed Unionists fought Cabrera's soldiers in

3572-491: The most rural parts of Guatemala. Besides being oppressed by brutal and dishonest officials and landowners, the natives were suffering of an endemic alcoholism problem. There were drinking places everything – as the government derived a certain revenue from the proceeds – with low quality spirits that had terrible effects. Both men and women got drunk regularly and changed their normally peaceful demeanor into an alcohol induced rage that results in mutilations and murder. By

3648-509: The national assembly declared him mentally incompetent, and he was jailed for corruption. As such, he was the longest-serving leader of Guatemala. Son of Pedro Estrada-Monzón and Joaquina Cabrera. Estrada Cabrera was a lawyer. He studied at the Universidad Nacional and thanks to his work he reached the position of "First Designated for the Presidency" when José María Reina Barrios was elected to his second term as president. He

3724-416: The official escort kept the bullet from reaching the president. Enraged, and in order to set a precedent, Estrada Cabrera ordered the shooting death of all Vega's Military Academy unit, except two, Rogelio Girón and Manuel Hurtarte, who were taken prisoners without any legal document. Vega had died on the spot where he tried to attack the president, killed instantly by his bodyguards. The president also ordered

3800-417: The ones that told the French on Mata Hari -even though at the time Gómez Carrillo had not met Raquel yet-; Gómez Carrillo took advantage of the scandal to increase his fame and prestige, and even wrote a book on it: El Misterio de la Vida y de la Muerte de Mata Hari - The mystery of Mata Hari's life and death -. Maurice Maeterlinck described Gómez Carrillo as a "true Renaissance man ", living his life to

3876-421: The people against the will of Estrada Cabrera and thus he had the president-elect murdered in retaliation. Presidential elections were held on August 7, 1904, and Estrada Cabrera was again the winner. In December 1908 there was a measles epidemic all over the country, but it was efficiently controlled by the doctors of his regime. Cabinet members: An Extra issue of El Guatemalteco on April 29, 1907, published

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3952-516: The perimeter while combing every inch of terrain. The conspirators' families were incarcerated and prosecuted. Others conspirators, brothers Juan and Adolfo Viteri and Francisco Valladares, were arrested when they attempted to flee disguised as women in Guastatoya. Others, like Felipe and Rafael Prado Romaña, tried to flee to El Salvador , but were captured when someone informed on them. The Romaña brothers remained imprisoned until their death. Only

4028-578: The procession from passing in front of his house, placed a fence in front of it and prohibited the use of masks for the Holy Week processions. On April 20, 1908, during the official reception of the new United States Ambassador in the National Palace, Military Academy cadet Víctor Manuel Vega, in revenge for what happened to his classmates and teachers, shot Estrada Cabrera point blank, but only managed to hurt him on his pinky finger. A flag from

4104-423: The procession uniforms completely covered the face of the penitents, decided to disguise themselves and blend in with the procession and by the time it passed in front of the president's house, they would storm in and take him prisoner. However, the extremely efficient spy system that Estrada Cabrera had in place allowed him to thwart the kidnapping attempt. As soon as he learned about this, Estrada Cabrera prohibited

4180-553: The quality of its material, the magazine had to close because it did not appeal to the readers. Given his intellectual and physical strengths, Gómez Carrillo was very popular with women, having a long list of affairs with artists, writers, and French socialites. However, there were a handful of ladies that were able -at least for a short while- keep him for themselves: Our marriage was so distant that in an argument we reacted as this: he, with courteous distancing and I with marked and fake coldeness. Aurora Cáceres Mata Hari

4256-453: The quetzal, thus increasing inflation. To solve this growing issue, Cabrera called for the assistance of the well-known economist, Edwin W. Kremmerer in 1919. Kremmerer was able to restructure Guatemala’s monetary system, plus give a few tips on how to better improve it, unfortunately, none of these were applied for Estrada was overthrown before they could be implemented. Fortunately, he succeeded in making education easily obtainable for some of

4332-444: The second floor of her home, # 29 Judío Place in Guatemala City, but a spy learned about it. On May 20, 1907, at 3 a.m. the house was surrounded by a platoon of soldiers. The troop broke down the door and tried to reach the second floor, but at that moment gunfight began. By 6 a.m. the conspirators were out of ammo and exhausted and decided to kill themselves before becoming prisoners of the regime. The Diario de Centro América , then

4408-468: The streets. Estrada Cabrera finally surrendered on April 14, 1920, along with his loyal friend, Peruvian poet José Santos Chocano . Estrada Cabrera’s downfall had quite a unique conclusion without the involvement of the United States . Overall, American interests where no longer considering Estrada Cabrera as a suitable patron, especially American companies such as The United Fruit Company . It

4484-616: The time, and contributed to several publications. In 1898 he was back in Guatemala, and worked in the election campaign of interim president Manuel Estrada Cabrera , who rewarded him for his work by appointing him consul of Guatemala in Paris. Years later, the Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen also appointed him as a representative of Argentina. In 1895 he became a member of the Royal Spanish Academy. In France, he won several awards for his literary work; in 1906 he won

4560-768: The tomb. In the case of Gómez Carrillo, due to the impossibility of getting his remains, his name was inscribed on a plaque in bronze letters. By the end of the 20th century, all the bronze letters had been stolen, the plaque covered with graffiti and the whole place is totally abandoned. Gómez Carrillo became the author of nearly eighty books of various genres, and is known primarily for his chronicles (crónicas), characterized by modernist prose . He contributed to numerous publications in Spain, France and Latin America, and headed El Nuevo Mercurio (1907) and Cosmópolis (1919–1922). Gómez Carrillo lived mainly in Madrid and Paris. It

4636-741: The war; the Pope accepted to be interviewed by Gómez Carrillo in spite of being a well-known playboy and a heretic writer. In 1916 was appointed as El Liberal director, but could work in that position for a year due to his multiple travels as press correspondent. In 1907 he began published the magazine El Nuevo Mercurio ( The new Mercury , which had first class contributions from the best Latin American writers: besides Gómez Carrillo, it had material from Catulle Mendès , Jean Moréas , Rubén Darío , José María Vargas Vila , Miguel de Unamuno , Manuel Ugarte , Amado Nervo , and others. Unfortunately, and despite

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4712-497: The writer mercilessly. Cardozas criticism, however, cannot completely hide his resentment and envy toward the writer who visited him in Paris in his youth, and to whom he dedicated his very first poems book. It is until the 21st century that a collection about representative writers in the American continent has published a chapter explaining the deliberate neglect around Gómez Carrillo's memory in his home country. The chapter state that: "ever since Darío died in 1916 there has been

4788-409: Was 44 years old; he was stocky, of medium height, and broad-shouldered. The mustache gave him a plebeian appearance. Black and dark eyes, metallic sounding voice and was rather sullen and brooding. At the same time, he already showed his courage and character. This was demonstrated on the night of the death of Reina Barrios when he stood in front of the ministers meeting in the government palace to choose

4864-467: Was a famous exotic dancer, who was accused of espionage and then shot by French authorities due to her ties to the German secret services during World War I. Later on, admiral Wilhelm Canaris , German secret service director, told in his autobiography that it was him who betrayed Mata Hari given that her services were not needed anymore. At the time, a rumor that Gómez Carrillo and his wife Raquel Meller were

4940-503: Was also the Secretary of Interior for most of Reina Barrios regime. When the Reina Barrios cabinet members were announced in 1892, a newspaper article that accompanied the images said: "Manuel Estrada Cabrera, who is this gentleman?" By 1920, when Estrada Cabrera was finally deposed, the writer got his answer. After the assassination of Reina Barrios on February 8, 1898, the Guatemalan cabinet called an emergency meeting to appoint

5016-580: Was also the author of several essays, autobiographies and literary criticisms on "Art Sensation" (1893) "Foreign Literature" (1895), "Modernism" (1905), "Exotic literatures" (1920), "Sappho, and other seductive courtesans" (1921), "The mystery of life and death of Mata Hari" (1923), "The hundred masterpieces of world literature" (1924) and "New French literature" (1927). As for his narrative, immoral novels include Of love, of pain and vice (1898), Bohemia sentimental (1899), Wonderland (1899, 1922) and The Gospel of Love (1922). Erotic themes predominates within

5092-582: Was built in the Guatemala City General Cemetery Unfortunately, due to the coup d'état of 1963 that deposed general Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes , President of Guatemala and sponsor of this idea, the project was abandoned; only Antonio José de Irisarri -who died in New York City in 1868 and whose remains were taken back to Guatemala in 1968- and poet Domingo Estrada -who died in Paris in 1901- are buried in

5168-418: Was his third wife; he had been previously married to intellectual Aurora Cáceres and Spanish actress Raquel Meller . He also became famous for his travels, chronicles, bohemian lifestyle and his notoriously numerous love affairs. At one point he was falsely accused of being the one that betrayed Mata Hari and gave the famous German spy up to the French during World War I . In 1891 Gómez Carrillo won

5244-517: Was in Madrid where he decided to change his surname from "Gomez Tible" to "Gómez Carrillo," mortified by the joking of others. A tireless traveler, he wrote numerous chronicles that collected his impressions of the places he visited: the enchanting París (1902), La Rusia actual (1906), La Grecia eterna (1908), El Japón heroico y galante (1912), La sonrisa de la esfinge (1913), Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa (1914) and Vistas de Europa (1919). He

5320-448: Was later known as the "Three-fold Act" because it had to be folded in three when it was distributed to the citizens of the city. The document was distributed in Guatemala City until January 1, 1920. Estrada Cabrera was forced to accept the new party due to the internal and international pressure. On March 1, 1920, the National Assembly officially accepted the new party. Since then, Estrada Cabrera publicly admitted his willingness to accept

5396-434: Was learning agricultural technology in Paris, found himself in a 4000 dollar debt after courting a French lady older than himself. When Estrada Cabrera found out about this, he put the receipt under his son's dinner plate and waited for his reaction. When Francisco came down for dinner, he saw the receipt and turned pale. Without saying a word, he left the dining room and shot himself in his room. Estrada Cabrera established

5472-400: Was print in the rubble, in spite of which it was able to issue its two daily numbers. El Guatemalteco , the official newspaper, showed the impact of the disaster: its regular publication was interrupted from 22 December 1917 to 21 January 1918; when it reappeared, it was in a much smaller format. Opposition to his regime started after the 1917–1918 earthquakes as it was evident that

5548-606: Was run by the United Fruit Company , there were only paths and tracks, marked on the maps as highways, but in reality just narrow mule-roads. Guatemala was placed in a tough spot, after the previous president known as Jose Maria Reyna Barrios (1854-1898) started to introduce a new type of paper currency. Due to the input of these new dollars known as the Guatemalan Quetzal , their value would slowly start to decrease in value, resulting in inflation within

5624-688: Was sent to prison for life after he was deposed. He died after a few years, in 1924, and was laid to rest in Quetzaltenango . Enrique G%C3%B3mez Carrillo Enrique Gómez Carrillo (February 27, 1873 in Guatemala City – November 29, 1927 in Paris) was a Guatemalan literary critic , writer, journalist and diplomat, and the second husband of the Salvadoran-French writer and artist Consuelo Suncin de Sandoval-Cardenas, later Consuelo Suncin, comtesse de Saint-Exupéry , who in turn

5700-495: Was the entry of the United Fruit Company into the Guatemalan economical and political arena. As a member of the Liberal Party , he sought to encourage development of the nation's infrastructure of highways , railroads , and sea ports for the sake of expanding the export economy. When Estrada Cabrera assumed the presidency, there had been repeated efforts to construct a railroad from the major port of Puerto Barrios to

5776-557: Was unusual at the time to see The United States turn their back on Estrada Cabrera, for U.S. representation would usually act as a “kingmaker,” as put in the words of James R Handy . It was believed that one of the reasons that led to Estrada Cabrera not receiving any support from the U.S. was due to Guatemala's lack of involvement during the First World War . The U.S. requested that the Estrada Government restrict

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