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24-728: The General Rufus Putnam House (also Bliss–Murray–Putnam House ) is a National Historic Landmark at 344 Main Street in Rutland , Worcester County, Massachusetts , US. The two-story wood-frame house was built between 1760 and 1765 by John Murray , a Scots-Irish immigrant . Murray became a Mandamus Councillor , who enforced the tax laws and was only responsible to the governor and king. On August 24, 1774, an angry mob forced him to flee his home. He escaped to Boston and later to New Brunswick , never to return. Murray's daughter had married Daniel Bliss. They were also Loyalists and lived in

48-402: A National Historical Park may include more than one National Historic Landmark and contributing properties that are buildings, structures, sites or objects, and it may include non-contributing properties. Contributing properties may or may not also be separately listed or registered. Prior to 1935, efforts to preserve cultural heritage of national importance were made by piecemeal efforts of

72-460: A designated heritage asset can be: a World Heritage Site, scheduled monument , listed building, protected wreck site, registered park and garden, registered battlefield or conservation area . Each type of heritage asset is designated as such using different legislation. In the UK, the process of giving some measure of legal protection to special buildings and other historic artefacts, is grouped under

96-505: A legal status on a property by a specific law and provides a degree of legal protection (which varies by country). The term 'designation' is used when referring to the formal protection by legal statute for a wide range of heritage assets , including listed buildings and World Heritage Sites as well as many others. The UK Government publication Planning Policy Statement 5: (Planning for the Historic Environment) states that

120-618: A listed building may (or may not) be within a conservation area; a registered park and garden can contain a Site of Special Scientific Interest (and so on). In England, the DCMS is responsible for the designation of heritage assets such as listed buildings; but the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is responsible for Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, village greens etc. On

144-895: The Historic American Buildings Survey amassed information about culturally and architecturally significant properties in a program known as the Historic Sites Survey. Most of the designations made under this legislation became National Historic Sites , although the first designation, made December 20, 1935, was for a National Memorial , the Gateway Arch National Park (then known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial) in St. Louis , Missouri. The first National Historic Site designation

168-633: The United States Congress . In 1935, Congress passed the Historic Sites Act , which authorized the interior secretary authority to formally record and organize historic properties, and to designate properties as having "national historical significance", and gave the National Park Service authority to administer historically significant federally owned properties. Over the following decades, surveys such as

192-470: The 20th century. The house front is five bays wide, with a center doorway that is flanked by pilasters and topped by a transom window and flat pediment. The interior of the main block consists of four rooms on each floor, surrounding a central hallway with stairwell. The second-floor bedrooms have retained much of their original woodwork, including pine wainscoting and paneling. Some of the first-floor rooms have had floors replaced using floorboards taken from

216-842: The 50 states. New York City alone has more NHLs than all but five states: Virginia , California , Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New York, the latter of which has the most NHLs of all 50 states. There are 74 NHLs in the District of Columbia . Some NHLs are in U.S. commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states . There are 15 in Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands , and other U.S. commonwealths and territories ; five in U.S.-associated states such as Micronesia ; and one in Morocco . Over 100 ships or shipwrecks have been designated as NHLs. Approximately half of

240-575: The Historic Environment (PPS5) 2010 sets out planning policies on the conservation of the historic environment. The Penfold Review was set up by the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills to identify whether non-planning consents delay or discourage investment published its final report in July 2010. More recently the controversial draft National Planning Policy hopes to streamline planning policy whilst "reaffirming protections for

264-672: The National Historic Landmarks are privately owned . The National Historic Landmarks Program relies on suggestions for new designations from the National Park Service, which also assists in maintaining the landmarks . A friends' group of owners and managers, the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association, works to preserve, protect and promote National Historic Landmarks. If not already listed on

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288-828: The National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation; about three percent of Register listings are NHLs. Washington, D.C. is home to three specifically legislated exceptions to this rule: the White House , the United States Capitol , and the United States Supreme Court Building . All are designated as NHLs, but are not on the National Register. Designation (heritage assets) The process of designation confers

312-555: The National Register, or as an NHL) often triggered local preservation laws, legislation in 1980 amended the listing procedures to require owner agreement to the designations. On October 9, 1960, 92 places, properties, or districts were announced as eligible to be designated NHLs by U.S. Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton . Agreements of owners or responsible parties were subsequently obtained, but all 92 have since been considered listed on that 1960 date. The origins of

336-548: The United States secretary of the interior because they are: More than 2,500 NHLs have been designated. Most, but not all, are in the United States. There are NHLs in all 50 states and the national capital of Washington, D.C. Three states ( Pennsylvania , Massachusetts , and New York ) account for nearly 25 percent of the nation's NHLs. Three cities within these states, Philadelphia , Boston , and New York City , respectively, all separately have more NHLs than 40 of

360-547: The attic. National Historic Landmark A National Historic Landmark ( NHL ) is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Only some 2,500, or roughly three percent, of over 90,000 places listed on the country's National Register of Historic Places are recognized as National Historic Landmarks. A National Historic Landmark District sometimes called

384-593: The first National Historic Landmark was a simple cedar post, placed by the Lewis and Clark Expedition on their 1804 outbound trek to the Pacific in commemoration of the death from natural causes of Sergeant Charles Floyd . The cedar plank was later replaced by a 100 ft (30 m) marble obelisk. The Sergeant Floyd Monument in Sioux City, Iowa , was officially designated on June 30, 1960. NHLs are designated by

408-418: The general term 'designation of heritage assets'. This is also sometimes referred to as 'heritage designation' or as the 'heritage protection process' and uses a range of different pieces of heritage protection legislation which have been formed piecemeal over the centuries. The purpose of designating heritage assets is to ensure that the significance and character of the asset in question is protected through

432-464: The historic environment and heritage". In England, anyone can apply to English Heritage to ask for a building, monument, wreck etc. to be considered for designation. It is not necessary to be the owner of the asset in order to apply for it to be designated. There is an application form and guidance notes on the organisation's web site. Site that are under threat, for example of demolition, removal or salvage are given priority. The following information

456-702: The house. During the American Revolutionary War , the Commonwealth of Massachusetts confiscated the property. On May 24, 1781, General Rufus Putnam purchased the property from the government for 993 pounds and lived there until 1788. He left to settle the Northwest Territories as a leader of the Ohio Company of Associates . There he helped found Marietta, Ohio and built a new home , also NRHP listed. The house

480-431: The other hand, the Department of Communities and Local Government is responsible for the planning system. European Union law affects certain locations - such as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) whilst international law applies to World Heritage Sites There has been a long series of investigations, reports and plans to reform and restructure the heritage protection process. Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for

504-423: The planning system, to ensure they are passed on to future generations. The UK Government white paper Heritage Protection for the 21st Century describes designation as being "the first step in an effective heritage protection system. It is a means of identifying those aspects of our past that are most important to us, and explaining why they are important. Effective designation is also the basis for decisions about

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528-709: The way we manage change to the historic environment." In England (Scotland, Ireland and Wales have their own legislative frameworks): The implications of becoming designationed are recognised by a number of designated sites around the world, though the impacts are likely to vary considerably depending on the resources, location and management of the site itself. Different UK government departments are involved with different parts of designation legislation, which has practical implications for those wishing to apply for planning permission. In certain circumstances, heritage assets may affected by different pieces of overlapping legislation. A national park may contain scheduled monuments;

552-467: Was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972, in recognition of its association with Putnam. The home is currently operated as a bed and breakfast . The house is a wood-frame two-story house sheathed in clapboard, with a hipped roof and two interior brick chimneys. A two-story addition was added to the rear of the house early in

576-684: Was made for the Salem Maritime National Historic Site on March 17, 1938. In 1960, the National Park Service took on the administration of the survey data gathered under this legislation, and the National Historic Landmark program began to take more formal shape. When the National Register of Historic Places was established in 1966, the National Historic Landmark program was encompassed within it, and rules and procedures for inclusion and designation were formalized. Because listings (either on

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