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58-584: Holles was the son of Frescheville Holles of Grimsby , Lincolnshire and was baptised at Grimsby on 13 March 1607. He was Mayor of Grimsby in 1636, 1638 and was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1639. In April 1640, Holles was elected Member of Parliament for Grimsby in the Short Parliament . He was re-elected MP for Grimsby for the Long Parliament in November 1640. He supported

116-680: A paravane with a cutting jaw through the water in what was known as a "sweep" to bring mines to the surface and allow for their removal. This hazardous work lost the Patrol Service more vessels than any other Royal Navy branch in the Second World War; 2,385 men died. Grimsby's Royal Naval Patrol Service veterans financed a memorial beside the Dock Tower to ensure that the bravery and sacrifice of their comrades were not forgotten. On 14 June 1943, an early-morning air raid by

174-555: A port town and the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire , Lincolnshire , England. Grimsby adjoins the town of Cleethorpes directly to the south-east forming a conurbation . Grimsby is 45 mi (72 km) north-east of Lincoln , 33 mi (53 km) (via the Humber Bridge ) south-south-east of Hull , 28 mi (45 km) south-east of Scunthorpe , 50 mi (80 km) east of Doncaster and 80 mi (130 km) south-east of Leeds . In 2021 it had

232-596: A European centre of excellence in producing chilled prepared meals, and the area has Europe's largest concentration of cold-storage facilities. The Port of Grimsby has been in use since the medieval period. The first enclosed dock, later known as the Old Dock , was built in the 1790s by the Grimsby Haven Company . Major expansion came with the railways and construction of the Royal Dock, Grimsby in

290-581: A month after the raid. HMS  Grimsby is a Sandown class minehunter (commissioned in 1999) currently in service in the Royal Navy . After the pressures placed on the industry during the Cod Wars and the European Union 's Common Fisheries Policy , which redistributed fishing quotas to other EU nations, many Grimsby firms decided to cease trawling operations there. The sudden demise of

348-476: A plaque at the Montefiore Synagogue (above), as are six Jewish servicemen from Grimsby who died in service among the 43 men who fought during World War One. A young men's association was formed in 1895, a charity for the poor formed in 1900, and young refugees from Nazi Germany were taken in c. 1939. Amongst many ministers of religion, Rev. M Warshawsky served the congregation 1916-56, with

406-515: A population of 86,138. Grimsby has notable landmarks including Grimsby Minster , Port of Grimsby , Cleethorpes Beach and Grimsby Fishing Heritage Centre . Grimsby was once the home port for the world's largest fishing fleet around the mid-20th century, but fishing then fell sharply. The Cod Wars denied UK access to Icelandic fishing grounds and the European Union used its Common Fisheries Policy to parcel out fishing quotas to other European countries in waters within 200 nmi (370 km) of

464-618: A supplier of fish products to the UK food market. The £5.6 million Humber Seafood Institute, the first of its kind in the UK, opened in 2008. Backed by Yorkshire Forward, North East Lincolnshire Council and the European Regional Development Fund, it is managed by the local council. Tenants include the Seafish Industry Authority and Grimsby Institute and University Centre . Greater Grimsby is

522-555: A tenth of the fish consumed in the United Kingdom was landed there, although there were also many smaller coastal fishing ports and villages involved. The demand for fish in Grimsby meant that at its peak in the 1950s it claimed to be the largest fishing port in the world. The population grew from 75,000 in 1901 to 92,000 by 1931. The Great Depression and restructured fishing caused a sharp decline in employment. After that

580-692: A week after the foundation stone-laying in 1885. Grimsby's Old Jewish Cemetery, in Doughty Road, dates from 1854, closing around 1920. Most burials were in other towns until the First Avenue Jewish Cemetery opened in 1896, around which time a burial society was formed. Among the approximately 500 First Avenue graves are several of those who died at sea on the journey from Europe. It holds two Commonwealth War Graves , both airmen killed in World War Two, commemorated on

638-507: A white ethnic group. There is archaeological evidence of a small town of Roman workers in the area in the 2nd century AD of Roman occupation. Located on The Haven, which flowed into the Humber , the site long provided a location for ships to shelter from approaching storms. It was well placed to exploit the rich fishing grounds in the North Sea . Sometime in the 9th century AD, Grimsby

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696-543: Is 22 January. Grimsby is the second largest settlement by population in Lincolnshire after Lincoln . The town was named "Great Grimsby" to distinguish it from Little Grimsby , a village about 14 mi (23 km) to the south, near Louth. It had a population of 88,243 in the 2011 census and an estimated population of 88,323 in 2019. It forms a conurbation with Cleethorpes and the villages of Humberston , Scartho , Brigsley and Waltham . The 2011 census recorded

754-467: Is associated with a folk tale of an imp who played tricks in the church and was turned into stone by an angel. (A similar tale is told of Lincoln Cathedral – see Lincoln Imp ). In the mid-14th century, the town benefited from the generosity of Edmund de Grimsby , a local man who became a senior Crown official and judge in Ireland. In the 15th century, The Haven began to silt up, preventing ships in

812-516: Is likely to have the same derivation. Grimsby is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as having a population of around 200, a priest, a mill, and a ferry. Grimsby grew in the 12th century into a fishing and trading port, at one time ranking twelfth in importance to the Crown for tax revenue. The town gained its charter from King John in 1201; the first mayor was installed in 1202. Grimsby

870-474: Is noted in the Orkneyinga Saga in this Dróttkvætt stanza by Kali Kolsson : Vér hǫfum vaðnar leirur   vikur fimm megingrimmar; saurs vara vant, er várum,   viðr, í Grímsbœ miðjum. Nú'r þat's más of mýrar   meginkátliga látum branda elg á bylgjur   Bjǫrgynjar til dynja. We have waded in the mire for five terrible weeks; there

928-613: Is one of the largest centres of fish processing in Europe. More than 100 local companies are involved in fresh and frozen fish production, the largest being the Findus Group (see Lion Capital LLP ), comprising Young's Seafood and Findus , with its corporate headquarters in the town. Young's is a major employer, with some 2,500 people based at its headquarters. From this base, Young's has a global sourcing operation supplying 60 species from 30 countries. Traditional Grimsby smoked fish

986-792: The Grand National of 1951. Max Gold (1944-2017), born Grimsby, a well-known Hull solicitor, who represented families of trawlermen of lost fishing vessel The Gaul . Dr David Husain (1937-2007) was raised in Grimsby, later scientific adviser to the government (1974-1976), chemist at Cambridge University. Leo Solomon MBE (1930-2021) Jazz pianist, Director Grimsby Symphony Orchestra, music teacher and synagogue president. Mayors of Grimsby: Ald. Moses Abrahams JP (d. 1925), 1901-2. Ald.Isidore Abrahams OBE (c.1887-1962), 1929-30. Ald. Max Bloom JP (c.1891-1962), 1943-4. Ald. Wilfred Harris OBE (d.1961), 1954-6. Mayor of Cleethorpes: Ald. Wolf (Woolf) Solomon JP OBE (1899-1970), president of

1044-488: The Luftwaffe dropped several 1,000-kg bombs, 6,000 incendiary bombs and over 3,000 Butterfly Bombs in the Grimsby area, killing 99 people. In total, Second World War bombing raids in Grimsby and Cleethorpes killed 196, while another 184 were seriously injured. The Butterfly Bombs that littered the area hampered fire-fighting crews trying to reach locations damaged by incendiary bombs. The search for bodies continued for

1102-690: The North Riding of Lindsey . It was reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 and became a Municipal Borough in that year. In 1889 a County Council was created for Lindsey, but Great Grimsby was outside its area of control and formed an independent County Borough in 1891. The Borough expanded to absorb the adjacent hamlet of Wellow (1889), also the neighbouring parishes of Clee-with-Weelsby (1889), Little Coates (1928), Scartho (1928), Weelsby (1928) and Great Coates (1968). It had its own police force until 1967 when it

1160-692: The 13th century, often in connection with the Jews of Lincoln ; however in 1290 Edward I expelled the Jews from England . In the 1840's Victor Abrahams, born 1810 in Prussia, settled as a jeweller, later his son became mayor. After the opening of a deep water dock in 1852 , continental migrants came into Grimsby for its railway terminus, eventually including by 1914 hundreds of thousands of East-European Jews, mostly bound for Liverpool en route to America; other settled in (e.g.) Leeds and Manchester, with Grimsby

1218-467: The 1840s. A Fish Dock was added in 1857, and the fish docks expanded over the next 80 years. The Old Dock was expanded to form Alexandra Dock in the 1880s. The Kasbah is a historic area between the Royal Dock and Fish Dock marked by a network of streets that remains home to many artisan fish-processing businesses. Fishing activities were reduced to a fraction of former levels in the second half of

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1276-441: The 1950s, around chemicals and from the 1990s gas-powered electricity generation. Grimsby is strongly linked with the sea fishing industry that once generated wealth for the town. At its peak in the 1950s, it was the largest and busiest fishing port in the world. The Cod Wars with Iceland , and the European Union 's Common Fisheries Policy sent this industry into decline for many years. In 1970 around 400 trawlers were based in

1334-404: The 20th century. The current port has become a centre for car imports and exports, and since 1975 for general cargo. In the early 21st century, it has developed as a wind-farm maintenance base. High-street shopping is grouped in central Grimsby between the railway and River Freshney, where Victoria Street acts as a central pedestrianised shopping street with an undercover Freshney Place centre to

1392-580: The Council Leader dropped the idea a year later. North East Lincolnshire Council has eight Council wards within the area of Grimsby: The main sectors of the economy are ports and logistics, food processing, specifically frozen foods and fish processing, chemicals and process industries and digital media. Cleethorpes to the east has a tourist industry. To the west along the Humber bank to Immingham, there has been large-scale industrial activity since

1450-524: The Dane ) may have taken the fisherman Grim to be Odin in disguise. The Oðinic name "Grimr/Grim" occurs in many English place names in the historical Danelaw and elsewhere in Britain. Examples are numerous earthworks named Grimsdyke . Other British place names with the element Grim are explained as referring to Woðen / Oðin (e.g. Grimsbury, Grimspound, Grime's Graves, Grimsditch, Grimsworne), and Grimsby

1508-562: The Dane , but historians see this account as a myth. In Norse mythology, Grim (Mask) and Grimnir (Masked One) are names adopted by the deity Oðin (Anglo-Saxon Woðen ) when travelling incognito amongst mortals, as in the short poem known as "Grimnir's Sayings" ( Grimnismal ) in the Poetic Edda . The intended audience of the Havelock tale (recorded much later as the Lay of Havelock

1566-591: The Haven of the Town and Port of Great Grimsby". After the dredging of The Haven and related improvement in the early 19th century, the town grew rapidly as the port boomed, importing iron, timber, wheat, hemp, and flax. New docks were needed to cope with the expansion. The necessary works were allowed under the Grimsby Docks Act of 1845. The arrival of the railway in 1848 eased the transport of goods to and from

1624-637: The Humber from docking. As a result, Grimsby entered a long period of decline until the late 18th century. By 1801, the population of Grimsby numbered 1,524, around the size it had been in the Middle Ages . By 1810 Joseph Smedley was hiring a purpose built theatre for seven Guineas. The Grimsby Haven Company was formed by Act of Parliament in May 1796 (the Grimsby Haven Act) for the purpose of "widening, deepening, enlarging, altering and improving

1682-747: The King and was disabled in August, 1642. He was awarded MA at Oxford University on 1 November 1642 and served as colonel of foot to Charles I and Louis XIV. He was an antiquary and during his exile in Holland wrote on historical subjects including Parentela Hollesiorum and Lincolnshire Church Notes . After the Restoration , Holles was re-elected MP for Grimsby in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death in 1675. In 1663, he

1740-433: The UK coast. Grimsby suffered post-industrial decline like most other industrial towns and cities in the UK. Food production has been on the rise in the town since the 1990s. The Grimsby–Cleethorpes conurbation acts as a cultural and economic centre for much of north and east Lincolnshire. Grimsby people are called Grimbarians; the term codhead is also used jokingly, often for football supporters. Great Grimsby Day

1798-770: The country, according to government statistics. Since the December 2019 general election , Lia Nici ( Conservative ) has been the Member of Parliament for the Great Grimsby constituency, having won the seat from the former MP, Melanie Onn ( Labour ), who had served since 2015. This lost the seat to the Labour Party for the first time in 74 years, not least under Austin Mitchell ( Labour ), who held it from 1977 to 2015. Great Grimsby formed an ancient Borough in

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1856-474: The docks, but industry and demographic changes have led it to struggle since the late 1970s. Previously the town centre area was rivalled by the Freeman Street shopping area, located closer to the docks. Freeman Street retains its covered market. Grimsby town centre has re-emerged in prominence as the docks declined and shops such as Marks and Spencer relocated to central Grimsby. Other developments near

1914-501: The first floor by ramps at the western end, which can accommodate even large vehicles. The ramp also provides access to the car park on the roof of the indoor market, which is operated by the local council. Freshney Place won a design commendation in the Refurbishment Category of the 1993 BCSC awards. In the town centre Bethlehem and Osborne Street are also mixed in use, hosting retail, legal and service functions to

1972-555: The industry brought an end to a way of life and community that had lasted for generations. The loss of the fishing industry brought severe economic and social problems for the town. Huge numbers became redundant, highly skilled in jobs that no longer existed, and struggled to find work ashore. As with the Ross Group , some firms concentrated on expanding industries within the town, such as food processing. Grimsby's trawling days are remembered through artefacts and permanent exhibits at

2030-544: The largest concentrations of such firms in Europe. The local council has promoted Grimsby as Europe's Food Town for nearly 20 years. In 1999, the BBC reported that more pizzas were produced than anywhere else in Europe, including Italy. Grimsby is recognised as the main centre of the UK fish-processing industry; 70 per cent of the UK's fish-processing industry is located there. In recent years, this expertise has led to diversification into all forms of frozen and chilled foods. It

2088-1005: The last lay reader being Harry Goodman. The community produced five Mayors of Grimsby and a Mayor of Cleethorpes, as well as Aldermen, Town Councillors, and Justices of the Peace. Jonathan Arkush , former president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews. Alf Bowers (1920-2017) Born London, involved in Battle of Cable Street , decorated naval officer in WW2 Arctic Convoys and D-Day landings, later President, Grimsby Chamber of Commerce. John Bowers KC (b. Grimsby 1956) human and employment rights lawyer and author. Raoul Feld (1930-2020) Vienna-born Kindertransport child, left Germany in 1939, chemist who developed worldwide use of titanium oxide in white paint. Louis Furman (1908-83) owned shoe-shops in Grimsby, trained horses, and rode in

2146-529: The newcomers came from Barking in East London and other Thames-side towns. In 1857 there were 22 vessels in Grimsby. Six years later there were 112. The first two legitimate steam trawlers built in Britain were based in Grimsby. A gale in February 1889 resulted in the loss of fifteen smacks and 70 to 80 lives. At that time it was thought to be one of the most serious losses to a single port. By 1900,

2204-475: The north. Freshney Place is visited by 14 million shoppers a year and employs over 2,000 staff. The centre houses over 100 stores, including Marks and Spencer and House of Fraser . Constructed between 1967 and 1971 in a joint venture between the old Grimsby Borough Council and developers Hammerson's UK Ltd. , it was known as the Riverhead Centre (so named as the development was adjacent to where

2262-409: The past 30-odd years" and a town which "seemingly shuns the notion of heritage." Redevelopment was planned as part of Yorkshire Forward 's Renaissance Towns Programme, but the scheme was abandoned in 2012. In the early 21st century, the town faced the challenges of a post-industrial economy on top of the decline in its fishing industry. The East Marsh ward of the town is the second most deprived in

2320-475: The population of the conurbation as 134,160, making it the second largest built-up area in Lincolnshire . A little under half of the population of Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes reported a religious affiliation in the 2021 Census, mainly Christian, with Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, Jewish and other minorities making up around 3% of the population. In Grimsby town, 95.7% of the population identified with

2378-501: The population was fairly stable for the rest of the 20th century. The Royal Dock became the UK's largest base for minesweepers patrolling the North Sea . The Admiralty requisitioned numerous trawlers to serve the purpose of the Royal Naval Patrol Service . Often the crew was ex-trawlermen, alongside Royal Naval Reserve and Royal Navy volunteers. Trawlers used the winches and warps from fishing operations to tow

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2436-540: The port to markets and farms. Coal mined in the South Yorkshire coalfields was brought by rail and exported through Grimsby. Rail links direct to London and the Billingsgate Fish Market allowed fresh "Grimsby fish" to gain nationwide renown. The first true fish dock opened in Grimsby in 1856, and the town became central to the development of the commercial fishing industry. The Dock Tower

2494-537: The port, but by 2013 only five remained, while 15 vessels were being used to maintain offshore wind farms in the North Sea. The town still has the largest fish market in the UK, but most of what is sold is brought overland from other ports or from Iceland by containerisation . Of the 18,000 tonnes of fresh fish sold in Grimsby fish market in 2012, almost 13,000 tonnes, mainly cod and haddock, came from Iceland. Grimsby houses some 500 food-related companies, as one of

2552-563: The south of Victoria Street. Many local independent stores operate, several at the Abbeygate Centre off Bethlehem Street. Once the head office of local brewers Hewitt Brothers , the building was renovated in the mid-1980s and now houses restaurants and designer clothing stores. The town has two markets, one next to Freshney Place and the other in Freeman Street (B1213). This was a dominant shopping area with close ties to

2610-488: The third port of entry for Jews, after London and Hull. They originated especially from Poland and Greater Lithuania , and after 1860 some stayed, with Jews reported resident in Grimsby numbering 87 in 1871, 450 in 1914, but dwindling to 45 by 2021. Initially living close to the port, they later moved out along Cleethorpes Road and Hainton Avenue into suburbia. As well as traditional Jewish craft trades and retail businesses, like tailoring, cabinet-making, and jewelry, glaziery

2668-690: The town centre since the 1980s include the Alexandra Retail Park and Sainsbury's to the west of Alexandra Dock, an Asda store between the town centre and Freeman Street, and the Victoria Mills Retail Park off the Peaks Parkway A16 , which has several chain stores, including Next and close to a Tesco Extra (the second in the area. B&Q opened a large store off the Peaks Parkway to the east of

2726-464: The town centre. Unlike many towns where shopping has been built on the outskirts, these and similar developments were placed around Grimsby's town centre. This keeps shopping in a compact area, easier on pedestrians and public transport users. History of the Jews of Grimsby A Jewish presence in Grimsby (in Lincolnshire , England) was first reported around 1182 , and further mentioned during

2784-525: The town's Fishing Heritage Centre . A preserved 1950s trawler, Ross Tiger , is located here. Few fishing vessels still operate from Grimsby's docks, but the town maintains a substantial fish market important in Europe. Grimsby was struck by an F1/T3 tornado on 23 November 1981, as part of a record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak that day. From the mid-1980s, the former Humber ferry PS Lincoln Castle has been moored in Alexandra Dock. She

2842-460: The two local rivers, the Freshney and the Haven, meet). Hammerson's UK Ltd began a £100 million redevelopment of the retail centre, doubling it in size. The expanded centre was covered in a glass roof. Two multi-storey car parks were constructed at each end of the centre; with this development, the old Top Town area of Grimsby was effectively privatised and roofed over. Stores are serviced at

2900-453: Was Mayor of Grimsby for the third and last time. He was secretary of petitions to Charles II and one of the Masters of Requests . Holles died at the age of 67 and was buried at Mansfield, Nottinghamshire. Holles married twice. His second wife was Elizabeth Molesworth and their only son, Frescheville , was also Mayor and MP for Grimsby. Grimsby Grimsby or Great Grimsby is

2958-419: Was abolished in 1996. The former Great Grimsby district merged with that of Cleethorpes to form the unitary authority of North East Lincolnshire . The town does not have its own town council, instead just a board of Charter Trustees . In 2007, in the struggle for identity, it was suggested that the district be renamed Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes , but this did not meet with favour among local residents, and

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3016-568: Was awarded a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) in 2009 by the European Union. The traditional process uses overnight cold smoking from sawdust in tall chimneys, roughly 1 by 2 m (3 ft 3 in by 6 ft 7 in) square and 10m high. Other major seafood companies include the Icelandic-owned Coldwater Seafood , employing more than 700 across its sites in Grimsby; and Five Star Fish ,

3074-409: Was completed in 1851, followed by the Royal Dock in 1852. No.1 Fish Dock was completed in 1856, followed by No.2 Fish Dock in 1877. Alexandra Dock and Union Dock were completed in 1879. During this period, the fishing fleet was much expanded. In a rare reversal of usual trends, large numbers of fishermen from the south-east and Devon travelled north to join the Grimsby fleet. Over 40 per cent of

3132-649: Was merged into the Lincolnshire force. In 1974, the County Borough was abolished and Great Grimsby was reconstituted with the same boundaries as Grimsby non-metropolitan district in the new county of Humberside , under the Local Government Act 1972 . The district was renamed Great Grimsby in 1979. In the early 1990s, area local government came under review from the Local Government Commission for England ; Humberside

3190-453: Was no lack of mud where we were, in the middle of Grimsby. But now away we let our beaked moose [ship] resound merrily on the waves over the seagull's swamp [sea] to Bergen . Grimsby had no town walls. It was too small and felt to be protected by the marshland around it. However, the town dug a defensive ditch. Grimsby in medieval times had two parish churches, St Mary's and St James . Only St James, now Grimsby Minster , remains. It

3248-607: Was prominent. The growth and decline of the Grimsby community parallels others in England's North Sea ports, especially Hull , its larger sister community directly across the Humber estuary. Grimsby's first Jewish congregation dates from 1865, with the new-built Sir Moses Montefiore Synagogue opening in 1888, later expanded with a school and ritual bath-house behind; it is now a listed building. The financier and philanthropist Montefiore (resident in Ramsgate ) died aged 100

3306-512: Was settled by Danes . Local folklore claims that the name Grimsby derives from Grim, a Danish (as an old term closer to " Viking ") fisherman. The common toponymic suffix -by is derived from the Old Norse word býr for village (compare with Norwegian : by , Danish : by and Swedish : by ). The legendary founding of Grimsby features in a medieval romance, the Lay of Havelock

3364-573: Was used during this time as a pub\restaurant, but despite her design and status as Britain's last coal-fired paddle steamer, the catering no longer yielded a profit. The ship was broken up in 2010. Berthed in Alexandra Dock is the Ross Tiger , the last survivor of what was once the world's largest fleet of sidewinder trawlers. The town was described in The Daily Telegraph in 2001 as one "subjected to... many crude developments over

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