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45-516: The canal starts at the port of Gliwice and descends to Kędzierzyn-Koźle on the Oder. The canal passes through Opole Voivodeship and Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. The canal is approximately 41.6 kilometres (26 mi) long; its maximum depth is 3.5 metres (11 ft); canal width is 38 metres (125 ft); the maximum allowed speed for ships on the canal is 6 kilometres per hour (4 mph); and

90-631: A "province" ( prowincja ). According to the argument, such a prowincja (for example, Greater Poland) cannot consist of a number of subdivisions (" województw a ", the plural of " województw o ") that are likewise called "provinces". This, however, is an antiquarian consideration, as the word "province" has not been used in Poland in this sense of a region for over two centuries; and those former larger political units, all now obsolete, can now be referred to in English as what they actually were: "regions". The Polish województwo , designating

135-478: A fear of 'alienation' should one find themselves residing in a new, unfamiliar region. The solution came in late 1999, when Olesno was, after 24 years apart, finally reunited with the Opole Voivodeship to form the new legally defined region. A historic moment came in 2006 when the town of Radłów changed its local laws to make German, alongside Polish, the district's second official language, becoming

180-603: A greater resemblance (in territory, but not in name) to the voivodeships that existed between 1950 and 1975. Today's voivodeships are mostly named after historical and geographical regions, while those prior to 1998 generally took their names from the cities on which they were centered. The new units range in area from under 10,000 km (3,900 sq mi) ( Opole Voivodeship ) to over 35,000 km (14,000 sq mi) ( Masovian Voivodeship ), and in population from nearly one million (Opole Voivodeship) to over five million (Masovian Voivodeship). Administrative authority at

225-623: A result, many areas are officially bilingual and the German language and culture play a significant role in education in the region. Ethnic Germans first came to this region during the Late Middle Ages. The area was once part of the Prussian province of Silesia . The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 10.1 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 2.0% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

270-508: A second-tier Polish or Polish–Lithuanian administrative unit, derives from wojewoda , (etymologically, a ' warlord ', 'war leader' or 'leader of warriors', but now simply the governor of a województwo ) and the suffix -ztwo (a "state or condition"). The English voivodeship , which is a hybrid of the loanword voivode and -ship (the latter a suffix that calques the Polish suffix -ztwo ), has never been much used and

315-613: A total of c. 90,800 overnight stays were hosted for international tourists, a figure making up 12.4% of the total amount of overnight stays for Opole Voivodeship. The majority (44.7%) of international overnight stays were hosted in the city of Opole , followed by Kędzierzyn-Koźle County (9.9%) and Nysa County at (9.4%). The transport route from Germany to Ukraine , the A4 , runs through Opole. The region has four border crossings, and direct rail connections to all important Polish cities, as well as to Frankfurt , Munich , Budapest , Kyiv , and

360-603: Is a loanword - calque hybrid formed on the Polish " województwo ". Some writers argue against rendering województwo in English as "province", on historical grounds: before the third, last Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , in 1795, each of the main constituent regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth — Greater Poland , Lesser Poland , Lithuania , and Royal Prussia —was sometimes idiosyncratically referred to as

405-550: Is absent from many dictionaries. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , it first appeared in 1792, spelled "woiwodship", in the sense of "the district or province governed by a voivode." The word subsequently appeared in 1886 also in the sense of "the office or dignity of a voivode." Poland's Commission on Standardization of Geographic Names outside the Republic of Poland, prefers the form which omits

450-580: Is most frequently visited by international tourists from countries located in Europe (94.6%). The rank was followed by tourists from Asia , compromising 2.4% of the total international tourist figure, followed by that of North America at 1.8%. The general composition of international tourists visiting the Opole Voivodeship remains unchanged, with 46.2% of tourists heading from Germany . International tourists visiting Opole Voivodeship with an overnight stay according to country of permanent residence: In 2015,

495-457: Is the highest-level administrative division of Poland , corresponding to a province in many other countries. The term has been in use since the 14th century and is commonly translated into English as " province ". The Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, which went into effect on 1 January 1999, reduced the number of voivodeships to sixteen. These 16 replaced the 49 former voivodeships that had existed from 1 July 1975, and bear

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540-482: Is the smallest and least populated voivodeship ( province ) of Poland . The province's name derives from that of the region's capital and largest city, Opole . It is part of Silesia . A relatively large German minority lives in the voivodeship, and the German language is co-official in 28 communes. Opole Voivodeship is bordered by Lower Silesian Voivodeship to the west, Greater Poland and Łódź Voivodeships to

585-973: The Baltic ports. There are three state-run universities in the region: the Opole University , the Opole University of Technology , and the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole . All of them are based in the voivodeship's capital. Among the region's private schools, the Opole School of Management and Administration has been certified as a degree-granting institution by the Ministry of National Education. Most popular surnames in Opole Voivodeship: Opole Voivodeship

630-815: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were based on the administrative structure that existed in the Duchy prior to the Commonwealth's formation, from at least the early-15th century. They were: While the Duchy of Livonia was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, approximately 1569–1772, in various periods it comprised the following voivodeships in varying combinations: From 1816 to 1837 there were 8 voivodeships in Congress Poland . The administrative division of Poland in

675-638: The Klodnitz (Kłodnicki) Canal had become obsolete, it was decided in 1934 that construction of a new canal was more feasible than modernization of the older Klodnitz Canal, which closed in 1937. The new canal, known as the Gleiwitz Canal ( German : Gleiwitzer Kanal ), was built from 1935-1939 and opened for service in 1941. On 8 December 1939, it was renamed the Adolf Hitler Canal ( Adolf-Hitler-Kanal ), in honor of Adolf Hitler , during

720-666: The Praděd/Pradziad Euroregion with its headquarter in Prudnik has facilitated economic, cultural and tourist exchanges between the border areas of Poland and the Czech Republic . The territory became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century, and later on, Brzeg , Namysłów , Niemodlin , Opole , Prudnik and Strzelce Opolskie were ducal seat of local lines of the Piast dynasty . Opole Voivodeship

765-475: The 'e', recommending the spelling "voivodship", for use in English. Competences and powers at voivodeship level are shared between the voivode (governor), the sejmik (regional assembly) and the marshal . In most cases these institutions are all based in one city, but in Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Voivodeship the voivode's offices are in a different city from those of the executive and

810-561: The Adolf Hitler Canal: The canal was 120 kilometers long and 15 meters wide. It was built by forced labor, including POWs and concentration camp inmates. The canal was never completed, and it was only partially operational during World War II. The canal was destroyed by the flood in 1945, and it was never rebuilt. There were also plans to make it a part of the Danube-Oder-Canal project. After World War II ,

855-755: The Masovian Voivodeship at 33,500 EUR) and the poorest per capita (being the Lublin Voivodeship at 14,400 EUR). The following is a list of the Voivodeships within Greater Poland at various points over the period from the mid-16th century until the late 18th century: The following is a list of the Voivodeships within Lesser Poland over the period of the mid-16th century until the late 18th century: Voivodeships of

900-501: The canal and the surrounding territories (see Regained Territories ) were placed under Polish administration according to the 1945 Potsdam Conference . About fifty people are employed in maintaining the canal. About 700 000 tonnes of material are shipped each year through the canal (mostly coal ). The Polish government is considering modernizing the canal. Opole Voivodeship Opole Voivodeship ( Polish : województwo opolskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ ɔˈpɔlskʲɛ] ),

945-828: The castle in Brzeg , built during the reign of the Piast dynasty —pearl of the Silesian Renaissance, the Franciscan monastery on top of Góra Świętej Anny (Saint Anne Mountain), as well as the medieval old town and defence fortifications in Paczków (referred to as the Upper Silesian Carcassonne ), all designated Historic Monument of Poland . According to the Central Statistical Office of Poland , Opole Voivodeship

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990-1105: The country within the new national borders was based on the prewar one and included 14 (+2) voivodeships, then 17 (+5). The voivodeships in the east that had not been annexed by the Soviet Union had their borders left almost unchanged. The newly acquired territories in the west and north were organized into the new voivodeships of Szczecin , Wrocław and Olsztyn , and partly joined to Gdańsk , Katowice and Poznań voivodeships. Two cities were granted voivodeship status: Warsaw and Łódź . In 1950, new voivodeships were created: Koszalin (previously part of Szczecin ), Opole (previously part of Katowice ), and Zielona Góra (previously part of Poznań , Wrocław and Szczecin voivodeships). In 1957, three more cities were granted voivodeship status: Wrocław , Kraków and Poznań . Collapsed list of car registration plates from 1956 – please use table-sort buttons Poland's voivodeships 1975–1998 Administrative division of Poland between 1979 and 1998 included 49 voivodeships upheld after

1035-454: The development of agriculture , which is among the most productive in the country. A total of nineteen industries are represented in the voivodeship. The most important are cement and lime, furniture, food, car manufacturing, and chemical industries. In 1997, the biggest production growth in the area was in companies producing wood and wood products, electrical equipment, machinery and appliances, as well as cellulose and paper products. In 1997,

1080-592: The difference in the height of the water levels at its ends is 43.6 metres (143 ft). It has six locks . The canal is accessible from 15 March to 15 December (270 days a year). Locks: The water in the canal comes from the Kłodnica River as well as lakes and reservoirs such as Dzierżno Duże and Dzierżno Małe . The Gliwice Canal was originally built in the Province of Upper Silesia within Germany . Because

1125-563: The end of World War II. The flood was caused by the collapse of a dam on the Oder River. The floodwaters destroyed the canal and the work camp, and many of the POWs were killed. The exact number of POWs who died in the flood is not known. However, it is estimated that several hundred POWs were killed. The flood was a tragedy, and it is a reminder of the harsh conditions that POWs faced during World War II. Here are some additional details about

1170-515: The establishment of the Third Polish Republic in 1989 for another decade. This reorganization of administrative division of Poland was mainly a result of local government reform acts of 1973–1975. In place of the three-level administrative division (voivodeship, county, commune), a new two-level administrative division was introduced (49 small voivodeships, and communes). The three smallest voivodeships— Warsaw , Kraków and Łódź —had

1215-654: The first town in the region to do so. The voivodeship lies in southwestern Poland, the major part on the Silesian Lowland ( Nizina Śląska ). To the east, the region touches upon the Silesian Upland ( Silesian Uplands , Wyżyna Śląska ) with the famous Saint Anne Mountain ; the Sudetes range, the Opawskie Mountains , lies to the southwest. The Oder River cuts across the middle of

1260-608: The following table (ordering is by decreasing population). The voivodeship contains 2 cities and 34 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (as of 2019): Towns: The Opole Voivodeship is the smallest region in the administrative makeup of the country in terms of both area and population. About 15% of the one million inhabitants of this voivodeship are ethnic Germans , which constitutes 90% of all ethnic Germans in Poland. Towns with particularly high concentrations of German speakers include: Strzelce Opolskie ; Dobrodzien ; Prudnik ; Głogówek ; and Gogolin . As

1305-406: The functioning of local government, coordinates actions in the field of public safety and environment protection, and exercises special powers in emergencies. The voivode's offices collectively are known as the urząd wojewódzki . The sejmik is elected every five years. (The first of the five-year terms began in 2018; previous terms lasted four years.) ) Elections for the sejmik fall at

1350-634: The inauguration ceremony by Rudolf Hess . The Erenforst area is located in the Upper Silesian region of Poland , about 50 kilometers south of the city of Wroclaw . The area is now known as Kędzierzyn-Koźle . The Adolf Hitler Canal connected the Oder River to the industrial region of Upper Silesia. The canal was built by the Nazis during World War II to transport coal from Silesia to Berlin and other parts of Germany. The exact location of

1395-403: The interwar period included 16 voivodeships and Warsaw (with voivodeship rights). The voivodeships that remained in Poland after World War II as a result of Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945 were very similar to the current voivodeships. Collapsed list of car registration plates from 1937, please use table-sort buttons. After World War II, the new administrative division of

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1440-400: The north, Silesian Voivodeship to the east, and the Czech Republic ( Olomouc Region and Moravian-Silesian Region ) to the south. Opole Province's geographic location, economic potential, and its population's level of education make it an attractive business partner for other Polish regions (especially Lower Silesian and Silesian Voivodeships ) and for foreign investors. Formed in 1997,

1485-422: The proposed Silesian Region, they would have formed a very small minority among a great number of ethnic Poles). To the surprise of many of the ethnic Germans in Opole however, the local Polish Silesian population and groups of ethnic Poles also rose up to oppose the planned reforms; this came about as a result of an overwhelming feeling of attachment to the voivodeships that were scheduled to be 'redrawn', as well as

1530-461: The resolutions of the sejmik , manages the voivodeship's property, and deals with many aspects of regional policy, including management of European Union funding. The marshal's offices are collectively known as the urząd marszałkowski . According to 2017 Eurostat data, the GDP per capita of Polish voivodeships varies notably and there is a large gap between the richest per capita voivodeship (being

1575-406: The same time as that of local authorities at powiat and gmina level. The sejmik passes by-laws , including the voivodeship's development strategies and budget. It also elects the marszałek and other members of the executive, and holds them to account. The executive ( zarząd województwa ), headed by the marszałek drafts the budget and development strategies, implements

1620-468: The sejmik. Voivodeship capitals are listed in the table below. The voivode is appointed by the Prime Minister and is the regional representative of the central government. The voivode acts as the head of central government institutions at regional level (such as the police and fire services, passport offices, and various inspectorates), manages central government property in the region, oversees

1665-483: The smallest administrative divisions of Poland . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Some English-language sources, in historical contexts, speak of " palatinates " rather than "voivodeships". The term " palatinate " traces back to the Latin palatinus , which traces back to palatium ("palace"). More commonly used now is province or voivodeship . The latter

1710-661: The top company in the region was Zakłady Azotowe S.A. in Kędzierzyn-Koźle , whose income was over PLN 860 million. The voivodship's economy consists of more than 53,000 businesses, mostly small and medium-sized, employing over 332,000 people. Manufacturing companies employ over 89,000 people; 95.7% of all the region's business operate in the private sector. The Opole Voivodeship is a green region with three large lakes: Turawskie , Nyskie , and Otmuchów (the latter two are connected). The Opawskie Mountains between Prudnik and Głuchołazy are extremely popular. The region also includes

1755-409: The voivodeship level is shared between a government-appointed governor called a voivode ( wojewoda ), an elected assembly called a sejmik , and an executive board ( zarząd województwa ) chosen by that assembly, headed by a voivodeship marshal ( marszałek województwa ). Voivodeships are further divided into powiats ('counties') and gminas ('communes' or 'municipalities'),

1800-543: The voivodeship. The northern part of the voivodeship, along the Mała Panew River, is densely forested, while the southern part consists of arable land. The region has the warmest climate in the country. Protected areas in Opole Voivodeship include the following three areas designated as Landscape Parks : Opole Voivodeship is divided into 12 counties ( powiats ): 1 city county and 11 land counties. These are further divided into 71 gminas . The counties are listed in

1845-407: The work camp where the 500 Jewish POWs ( prisoners of war ) were sent to repair the canal is not known. However, it is likely that the camp was located in the vicinity of the canal, perhaps near the town of Kędzierzyn-Koźle. The camp was probably a small, temporary camp that was set up to house the POWs while they worked on the canal. The flood that destroyed the canal occurred in 1945, shortly before

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1890-548: Was 17,000 euros or 56% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 66% of the EU average. The Opole Voivodeship is an industrial as well as an agricultural region. With respect to mineral resources, of major importance are deposits of raw materials for building: limestone ( Strzelce Opolskie ), marl (near Opole ), marble , and basalt . The favourable climate , fertile soils, and high farming culture contribute to

1935-696: Was also a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland between 1975 and 1998. Major cities and towns (population in 1995): This administrative region of the People's Republic of Poland (1950–1975) was created as a result of the partition of Katowice Voivodeship in 1950. 50°38′54″N 17°54′02″E  /  50.64833°N 17.90056°E  / 50.64833; 17.90056 Voivodeships of Poland A voivodeship ( / ˈ v ɔɪ v oʊ d ʃ ɪ p / VOY -vohd-ship ; Polish : województwo [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ] ; plural: województwa [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfa] )

1980-534: Was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Opole Voivodeship and parts of Częstochowa Voivodeship , pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. Originally, the government, advised by prominent historians, had wanted to disestablish Opolskie and partition its territory between the Lower Silesian and Silesian Voivodeship (eastern Upper Silesia and western Lesser Poland ). The plan

2025-559: Was that Brzeg and Namysłów, as the Western part of the region, were to be transferred to Lower Silesia, while the rest was to become, along with a part of the Częstochowa Voivodeship, an integral part of the new 'Silesian' region. However, the plans resulted in an outcry from the German minority population of Opole Voivodeship, who feared that should their region be abolished, they would lose all hope of regional representation (in

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