Misplaced Pages

#317682

68-737: The castle respectively the tower is situated at the then only bridge over the Linth river, in the east of the former, dried up Tuggenersee lakeshore, at the southern end of the Buechberg hill in the municipality of Tuggen in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland . Since the correction of the Linth river, the Fridgraben and the St. Gallerstrasse , a road towards Tuggen , and the Linth canal and

136-447: A flying bridge , with which he crossed part of his command the next morning. In Zürich, Korsakov had felt his position secure to the extent that he had not made a single inspection of the line, nor had he removed his baggage or hospitals to a safe distance; instead, everything was left jumbled up in the city. Roused by the cannonade , he rode out to Höngg with a small detachment of troops and learned of Markov's defeat. Nevertheless, he

204-514: A camp before Weiningen opposite Dietikon (2,000 grenadiers and 300 cossacks) Brigade of General-Major Pushchin in a camp at Würenlos and in front of the village of Wettingen : 2,500 infantry, 1,000 cossacks (8 battalions, 10 squadrons). Along the right banks of the Limmat from Baden to the Rhine (1,000 men). Total with gunners 7,052 men. Nauendorf , with 5,400 Austrians, on the right bank of

272-630: A column of 29,000 men under Friedrich von Hotze , and Korsakov's command with the Swiss in the Austrian service. The plan for these two commands was to wait for the arrival of the Russian column of Suvorov penetrating north from Italy over the Alpine passes and trap Masséna in a 3-point encirclement . The French troops which took part in the battle included: On 22 August Korsakov and Hotze agreed that

340-415: A door on the ground floor was excavated in the 17th century; the original high entrance was on the 2nd floor on the southern side, and the castle was rebuilt as a mansion. The castle was between 1807 and 1816 widely rebuilt on occasion of the construction of the Linth channel; the road and bridge cross as of today in between the preserved tower and the former economic structures that were widely broken. In 1906

408-463: A fire broke out in the barn, which was adjacent to the tower and destroyed the roof and the interior of the tower. The castle tower was re-decorated and re-roofed and a new barn built in the following year. The damaged 1900s fresco on the southeastern tower wall shows the fight between the brothers Suito and Scheyo , the legendary 'founders' of the Canton of Schwyz. The building ensemble Grinau tower,

476-399: A misleading note from a double agent and not getting any other news from Suvorov or Hotze. During the night Korsakov was finally joined by Durasov's troops, and by the corps returned by Hotze from the Linth. Now mustering 16 battalions Korsakov was determined to hold his position at Zurich until he could be joined by Suvorov. That morning he received the news of the death of Hotze. Facing

544-410: A single boat was sunk, or a man drowned. At this point the Limmat sweeps back in a wide arc to the south, allowing Masséna's artillery to fire from both sides of the river bend on the landing and deeper beyond the bridgehead. 25 shots hit various buildings of the monastery . As more French crossed, firing from the left bank ceased in fear of hitting their own men, and all effort was placed into traversing

612-525: The Gotthard Pass (see Battle of Gotthard Pass ). This delayed success for the Russians made the joint attack of Korsakov, Hotze and Suvorov impossible, but it persuaded Masséna to bring forward his attack from 26 to 25 September. On the evening of 24 September Masséna's troops concentrated at Dietikon amounted to more than 8,000 men of Lorge 's infantry division and 26 guns, all laying silently in

680-645: The Grynaustrasse towards Uznach separate the property also from the former Linth river. The Linth canal respectively the Grynau tower also marks the historical border between the cantons of Schwyz and St. Gallen. Built probably in the early 13th century AD by the House of Rapperswil , the castle secured the strategically important river crossing in the area between the Grafschaft Rapperswil and

748-527: The House of Toggenburg . The property was documented in 1311, when the castle was taken by force by Rudolf von Laufenburg-Rapperswil probably from the Toggenburg family. It's again mentioned on the occasion of the battle of Grynau on 21 September 1337, when Count Johann I was killed: Graf Diethelm von Toggenburg moved with a fleet, numerous soldiers and siege material from Zürich over the Obersee to

SECTION 10

#1732779935318

816-669: The Linth river are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as Class objects of national importance. Linth Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.151 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 940091565 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:45:35 GMT Second Battle of Zurich at least 8,000 casualties during

884-451: The St. Gotthard , Furka and Oberalp Passes in a series of violent assaults. As a distraction, on 14 August French forces under Soult made demonstrations across the Sihl below Zürich. On the night of 16/17th Archduke Charles supported by Korsakov's troops launched a surprise attack over the river Aare at Gross-Döttingen using boats and pontoon bridges , but his engineers misjudged

952-528: The surrounding building into the Landgasthof Schloss Grynau , a country inn, which is still held by the family. First mentioned in 1253 as Chrinecum and 1290 respectively 1293 as Grinowe , it's not known when the castle was built, but the architecture dates back to the early 13th century. The five-story tower measures 12.5 x 12.5 metres (41 ft), the foundation walls are 2.2 metres (7 ft) meters thick. The current access through

1020-424: The (Toggenburg) residents will be respected, notably with regard to the so-called third penny in inheritances and the so-called Kirchsatz ; Zürich will also not impose any taxes. The commitment, Count Fridrich has concluded with Schwyz, related to the tower at Grinow will by complyed by Elisabeth. On 16 February 1437 Elisabeth von Matsch granted the mayor and council of the city of Zürich or their representatives

1088-640: The 1803 Act of Mediation . On the Zürichberg up a short forest trail and a monument to Masséna and the French. On the monument in the forest both battles of Zürich are briefly described. There is another commemorative memorial at Langnau am Albis south of Zürich to the defence of the Albis pass . In Paris the village names of Dietikon and Muta Thal are chiselled on the Arc de Triomphe . In Schöllenenschlucht (near

1156-598: The Archduke, "a battalion." – "I understand you," rejoined the other; "an Austrian battalion, or a Russian company" At the end of August the Allied army stood as follows. Korsakov with 33,000 men around Zürich and the Lower Limmat, distributed as: Brigades of General-Major Tuchkov (6,314 men) and General-Major Essen (2,237 men) at Wollishofen. Total with gunners 10,330 men. Brigade of General-Major Markov in

1224-412: The Austrian positions. The Battle of Linth River began at 02:30 on the 25th when a small group of soldiers, stripped to their underclothes, with pistols and ammunition tied above their heads and swords in their teeth, swam across the channel near Schänis . They were able to pull up rafts with ropes, and under the darkness and a thick mist which lingered all day, a whole battalion was ferried across before

1292-567: The Eastern and Central Switzerland, as well as between the city republic of Zürich and the Gotthard Pass . Gräfin Elssbeth von Toggenburg , née von Maetsch , was mentioned as sole heir in two documents of the city council of Zürich, and she certified on 31 October 1436, in view of the diverse services by Zürich for Fridrich, and given the fact that a widow requires special protection , with help of her uncle and legal counsel, Fridrich of Hewen,

1360-459: The French 76th Line Infantry. Linken's troops, which consisted of Joseph Anton von Simbschen 's brigade, soon found themselves opposed by a battalion of the 84th Line. By 27 September, Molitor attacked Linken after being reinforced by two of Soult's battalions, but the fighting was inconclusive. On 29 September after more skirmishing, Linken gave the order to retreat to the Rhine valley after receiving

1428-559: The French and his allies the Austrians: The presumption and arrogance of Korsakoff were carried to such a pitch, that in a conference with the Archduke Charles, shortly before the battle [of Zürich], when that great general was pointing out the positions which should in an especial manner be guarded, and said, pointing to the map, "Here you should place a battalion." – "A company, you mean," said Korsakoff – "No," replied

SECTION 20

#1732779935318

1496-494: The French and poor leadership on the part of the Russians. On his arrival at the front Korsakov had made no personal reconnaissances, but gave himself over to comfortable existence in Zürich and relied entirely on a misplaced faith in the superiority of his troops to all others. Masséna described him as "more of a courtier than a soldier". Equally, the very rigid linear style of fighting the Russians had developed in their wars against

1564-619: The French further increased the confusion and impeded the Russians even more. By the time they had cleared Zürich it was too late, the French had gained the mountain on that side of town and on the plains took possession of the Beckenhof country house. The Russians attacked bravely, but could make no impression on the troops of Lorges, supported by the Helvetian Legion. In the meantime four Russian battalions sent back to Zürich by Hotze arrived, Korsakov put himself at their head and with

1632-435: The French had crossed 800 men and were in possession of the pine wood and the Russian camp. Behind them the pontoon bridge was rapidly assembled and completed at 07:30. By 09:00 the entire division of Lorge was on the right side of the Limmat with 8,000 men and a total of 26 guns. Masséna aimed to prevent the Russian right wing under Durasov joining their left at Zürich, and now quickly sent Bontemps with his brigade to gain

1700-528: The Grynau Castle, which at that time was still located at the confluence of the Linth river in the former Tuggenerse . The castle was a base of the "outer Zürich" ( äusseres Zürich ) alliance of 1336 in the feud of the House of Rapperswil against the city of Zürich. Although they thereby passed the city of Rapperswil , the Zürich troops were convinced not to be bothered, due to their large number. Hidden by

1768-551: The Grynau castle, on occasion of the then planned division of the canton of Schwyz, however, waived without an armed intervention. And again in a Swiss civil war, the so-called Sonderbundskrieg , federal troops crossed the important bridge in March 1847, without a single dead soldier on both sides. In 1849 respectively 1879 the remaining buildings, the tower, the adjacent barn and the former accommodation building, were bought for then 35,000 Swiss Francs by Schlossvogt Kälin, who rebuilt

1836-473: The Limmat before Zürich and exposing his line of communications. The departure of Archduke Charles gave the French a momentary superiority in numbers, Masséna was determined to exploit this and the redistribution of Austrians and Russians. His aim was to beat Korsakov and Hotze before any intervention by Suvorov. On 30 August he attempted to cross the Aare and push back the enemy before Zürich. This river crossing

1904-410: The Limmat the alarm was raised, and initial shots fired by a battalion of Gazan 's Advance Guard Brigade signalled the beginning of the attack. With prompt efficiency approximately 600 men in 37 boats crossed the Limmat and formed a bridgehead on the opposite bank. The crossing of the boats alerted the weak Russian outposts on the opposite bank, but despite several rounds of musketry and artillery not

1972-469: The Ottoman Empire stood against them in this terrain against the more fluid French. Accustomed as they were to seize victory by aggressive bayonet advances to their front, it never occurred to them that they might be outflanked. Korsakov and Petrasch have also been strongly criticised for their rapid withdrawal over the Rhine despite very little pursuit by the French and in full knowledge that Suvorov

2040-488: The Reuss he was met by units of Soult's division blocking the route at Altdorf. Unable to break through the French lines and aware of Korsakov's disastrous defeat, the Russian general turned east through the high and difficult Pragel Pass to Glarus, where he was dismayed to find other French troops awaiting him on 4 October. Massena tried to defeat Suvorov, but the latter defeated him at Battle of Muottental , and then captured

2108-478: The Rhine between Waldshut and Basel . Hotze with 25,000 Austrians, including 3,000 Swiss, from Uznach to Chur and Disentis . Suvorov with 28,000 Russians on the march from Italy through the Alps. Shortly before the battle Korsakov detached Osten-Sacken's 5,000 man Reserve Division to Rapperswil to reinforce Hotze in anticipation of Suvorov's approach, consequently weakening his defensive line along

Grynau Castle - Misplaced Pages Continue

2176-427: The Rhine, and beyond. Wickham claims that the greater part of the Russian command were able to reach Eglisau unmolested by the French. Nevertheless, of an original force of more than 25,000 men, Korsakov finally reached the Rhine with 10,000 remnants via Bülach and Eglisau, having lost his baggage train, guns and military chest and records. The defeat of Korsakov came about through a combination of careful planning by

2244-516: The Russians launched a powerful attack against Lorge's Division in two lines which succeeding in driving back Bontem's brigade and re-taking the Winterthur Road, thus foiling the plan to drive them into the lake. This was very fortunate for Korsakov, as at that moment Klein and Mortier were bombarding Klein Zürich, and Oudinot's ordinance breaking in the Höngg gate. Terrible confusion reigned in

2312-489: The Russians with 22,000 men would line the lower reaches of the River Limmat (Aare), and Hotze with 20,000 men would occupy the Obersee region below Lake Zürich from the Linth to Glarus . On 28 August the bulk of the troops of Archduke Charles departed Switzerland. Korsakov himself arrived in Zürich the following day, quickly displaying a vain over-confidence in the capabilities of his troops and disregard both for

2380-476: The Russians with his attack and also demonstrations against Brugg. From daybreak he had opened a barrage of artillery fire with all his guns in the vicinity of Baden and at the confluence of the Aare and Limmat against Durasov's forces, spread his remaining brigade out in full view of the enemy, and put into motion the remaining boats on the river. Durasov was completely duped by this, and stationed his troops nearly

2448-517: The Russians, Oudinot assembled all the troops on the right bank to attack the Zürichberg – Bontemp's brigade was to block the Winterthur road on the left. Lorge was to march along the Limmat to connect with the attacks of Klein and Mortier, who in their turn would advance by the Sihlfeld with Masséna at their head. By cutting the retreat of the Russians they would be driven into the lake. At dawn

2516-425: The Zürichberg, held by several Russian battalions. Gazan marched to Schwamendingen to cut the road to Winterthur. By this time Korsakov had finally become aware of his dangerous situation and withdrew troops from the right bank through Zürich to face the advancing Oudinot, however they could only do this by filing through the narrow streets of the town, jammed with wounded and baggage. A barrage of howitzer shells from

2584-430: The alarm was raised. Similar crossings were made at Grynau Castle and Schmerikon . At 04:00 Hotze was awakened by the noise of artillery fire and rode out to find his troops fighting bravely at Schänis. He then rode with his chief of staff towards Weesen to reconnoitre, but in the fog they ran into French troops concealed in a wood. As the two Austrians turned to flee they opened fire and both men were shot dead. News of

2652-683: The authority to act on their behalf, immediately after the usurpations of lands of the Toggenburg County by the cantons of Schwyz and Glarus, and to lock Grynow . In the summer of 1799, the French and Austrian troops fought in the Second Coalition War at the strategically important bridge which was destroyed three times, and rebuilt, and occupied by the French troops in the aftermath of the Second Battle of Zurich . Again in 1833, Swiss federal troops were concentrated at

2720-660: The battle 100 guns The Second Battle of Zurich (25–26 September 1799) was a key victory by the Republican French army in Switzerland led by André Masséna over a Russian force commanded by Alexander Korsakov near Zürich . It broke the stalemate that had resulted from the First Battle of Zurich three months earlier and led to the withdrawal of Russia from the Second Coalition . Most of

2788-447: The built-in chapel, Landgasthof Schloss Grinau and the bridgehead situation is impressive. The portal of the chapel of the 14 Nothelfer (literally: Holy Helpers) bears the date 1675, the concrete railway bridge crossing Linthkanal dates from 1995, and a stone bridge leads over the narrow bed of the old Linth river. Since 1990 the ensemble Schlossgruppe zwischen zwei Brücken (literally: castle group between two bridges) crossing over

Grynau Castle - Misplaced Pages Continue

2856-583: The centre of the Russians, who defended themselves with desperation. Generals Sacken and Likotsuchin were severely wounded, the troops fought in isolated pockets without cohesion of any sort. At the same time Oudinot broke through the Limmat gate, still defended by the Russian rearguard, while Klein stormed through Klein Zürich with the Reserve. There was no pursuit and the Russians were able to retreat without further interference, however Korsakov determined to continue withdrawing with undiminished speed as far as

2924-450: The confines of the town, Korsakov proposed a parley, but no one paid any attention. Instead the Russians began a general retreat, leaving only a weak rearguard in the town. Though he made no effort to prevent the withdrawal, Masséna advanced Dedon's light artillery to successive positions to fire on the left flank of the retreating column, which spread complete disorder through their ranks. Masséna then ordered Lorge, Bontems and Gazan to charge

2992-441: The death of Hotze spread quickly and the dismayed Austrians now under the hapless command of Franz Petrasch fell back towards Lichtensteig , abandoning their small flotilla of boats at Rapperswil . Further east on Soult's right flank, Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor 's brigade had been attacked by the Austrian far left flank columns under Franz Jellacic and Friedrich von Linken on the upper Linth. The two Austrians were unaware of

3060-449: The entire day between Freyenwyl and Wurenlingen . By the time he realised his mistake and marched to rejoin troops on the heights of Oetlikon he found the passage barred by Bontemp's brigade, and had to make a substantial detour to Zürich, where he arrived late at night. At Vogelsang Ménard succeeded in throwing a small detachment over the Limmat on boats transported overland from the Aare while under fire, this enabled him to re-establish

3128-471: The fate of Hotze's and Korsakov's forces and out of touch with each other. The French 84th Line Infantry demi-brigade held on behind the Linth all through 25 September, then counter-attacked on the following day. Encouraged by the defeat of Hotze, Molitor's men drove Jellacic's Austrians back towards Walenstadt . On the 25th, Linken's column appeared in the Sernftal , surprising and capturing two battalions of

3196-635: The fighting took place on both banks of the river Limmat up to the gates of Zürich, and within the city itself. The same days saw a battle between Hotze's Austrians and Soult's French at the River Linth . It was arguably the most significant French victory of 1799–1800. After the First Battle of Zurich Masséna had consolidated to a defensive line behind the lower reaches of the Aare River. At this time his entire army in Switzerland consisted of around 77,000 combatants, positioned as: Following

3264-571: The help of Bachmann's Swiss Legion drove back the French to the foot of the Heights of Wipkingen. Gazan however, held on at Schwamendingen. The Russian counterattacks against the Zürichberg, though incredibly brave, were inadequate in number and "instead of gaining the heights, the troops kept fighting before the gate, and charging the enemy with the bayonet among the vines and hedges, in a ground which did not admit of such an operation". As night drew on Korsakov shut himself up in Zürich, having conceded

3332-537: The important city of Glarus , which allowed him to calmly leave the encirclement. Russians have lost their baggage and artillery, and losing as many as 5,000 men. On 15 October the last Coalition troops left Swiss territory, which therefore returned to the control of the Helvetic Republic . After the French victory Russia pulled out of the Second Coalition. The French extended their control of

3400-489: The lake shore Buchberg , Graf Johann landed soldiers, and from the wooded eastern slope of the mountain, they raided the Zürich troops carelessly encamped at the Grinau Castle, who, leaderless, fled to their ships, and Graf Diethelm was taken as a prisoner. As the Zürich troops noted that Graf Johann had just a handful of soldiers, they competed for the counterattack, and killed Johann von Habsburg-Rapperswil; Diethelm

3468-525: The left wing and hence surround the Russians. Nevertheless, the action remains a brilliant feat of arms for the French. Masséna, aware of Suvorov's advance toward St. Gotthard, quickly shifted his troops southward. Lecourbe's division had already performed heroics in delaying the Russians at the St. Gotthard Pass, and later at the spectacular crossing over the Reuss at the Devil's Bridge . When Suvorov finally forced

SECTION 50

#1732779935318

3536-566: The overall strategic plan, the Austrian army under the Archduke Charles was to be augmented by the 25,000 man Russian command of Korsakov, newly arrived at Schaffhausen after a 90-day march. Masséna meanwhile was preparing an offensive on his right flank against the Austrian positions in the Alps . On 15 and 16 August General Claude Lecourbe with 12,000 men drove the forces of Gottfried von Strauch and Joseph Anton von Simbschen from

3604-478: The plains to the French. Masséna summoned the town but received no answer. While all this was going on around Zürich, at the eastern end of Lake Zürich the Austrian corps of Hotze faced the French division of Jean-de-Dieu Soult in the channels and marshes around the lower Linth and the Walensee. For days beforehand Soult had dressed himself in an ordinary infantryman's uniform and performed outpost duty to observe

3672-457: The point of crossing. Since June, French boats had been gathered from different waters and transported over land and water. By September, 37 boats of different types were gathered in secret near Dietikon. Under cover of the night of 23/24 September Artillery General Dedon dismantled the pontoon bridge at Rottenschwil and transported it by convoy across the mountain to Dietikon. On 24 September news came that Suvorov's troops had finally conquered

3740-408: The river. At 05:00 Dedon directed the erection of the pontoon bridge. The French bridgehead was exposed to Russian artillery fire from the heights of Kloster-Fahr and the pine woods. This plateau, defended by seven guns and Markov's reserves was forthwith attacked, and after hard fighting by 06:00 the Russians were driven back, Markov wounded and taken prisoner. Barely an hour after the first shots

3808-519: The she gave over to the city of Zürich as property the towns Utznang , Schmerikon and Utznangerberg (a castle on the Uznach mountain) with all its rights. The transfer is valid "zuo stund" (now), and the inhabitants of the territories have to swear to the people of Zürich until next Hilariustag (13 January 1437); the Countess maintained all servitudes by lifetime. The privileges and the tradition of

3876-587: The slopes of the mountains of the Glatt and cut the communications between Regensberg and Zürich. Bontemps ' left was covered by 2 battalions of Quétard 's brigade on the Wurenlos road. All the other troops, some 15,000 men including the advance guard under Gazan, followed chief of staff Nicolas Oudinot in the direction of Höngg. Meanwhile, at 05:00 Mortier's Division had launched its feint attacks against Korsakov's main command. His left under Brunet advanced to

3944-572: The small plateau at Wiedikon where they were soon pinned down by superior forces. His right under Drouet drove the Russians from Wollishofen , but were soon counter-attacked by Gorchakov 's six battalions, assisted by William's flotilla of gunboats , and pushed back towards the Uetli . Gorchakov however, not satisfied with merely repulsing the enemy attack, pursued the French to the Uetliberg and succeeded in capturing some batteries . This gain

4012-531: The strength of the current and depth of the river, the pontoon bridge was unable to be secured and eventually after serious fighting the attack was called off. Archduke Charles and Korsakov planned no further joint action however, as following the strategic plans of the Austrian Hofkriegsrat under Baron Thugut , Charles had been ordered to move his main command north into southern Germany . Reluctantly following these instructions, he left behind

4080-535: The territory of the Confederation and created favourable conditions for the attack on Austria. Under accusations of looting Masséna requisitioned enormous quantities of food, livestock and feed as well as soldiers and money. Want and misery dominated in the war-affected areas. The Second Coalition War had greatly weakened the Helvetic Republic, the consequent loss of popular support led ultimately to

4148-405: The top and calling on his name Closely pursued as they retreated, Gorchakov's men suffered considerable loss. The river crossing over the Limmat was successful as the Russians were too weak in their front section, and because they had been distracted away from Dietikon with feints by Mortier's Division at Wollishofen and Ménard's Division at Vogelsang. Ménard had succeeded in completely outwitting

SECTION 60

#1732779935318

4216-708: The vicinity of the river. On the other side of the Limmat between Würenlos and Wipkingen they were faced by only 2,600 Russians under Major General Markov , including 1,100 men under Markov himself in Oetwil Würenlos, 290 men and 2 guns of the Misinov Cossack regiment between the rise of the monastery drive and the pine woods, 220 men of a Grenadier Battalion on the western edge of the pine woods and four squadrons of dragoons , with 550 men under Colonel Dmitry Dmitrievich Shepelev at Wipkingen. On 25 September at 04:45 as boats were rapidly launched across

4284-540: Was convinced that the crossing of the Limmat was merely a demonstration, and that the main threat came from Mortier's attack on Wollishofen . By 10:00 the French were advancing on both banks of the Limmat supported by a heavy artillery barrage. Oudinot seized Höngg and the Wipkingen Heights from the weak detachment left by Korsakov, then, joined by part of the Reserve, at shortly before 15:00 he began attacking

4352-536: Was however to contribute to the day's disaster, as the French success on the right bank, together with Klein's advance from Alstetten onto the Sihlfeld plane enfiladed the right of the Russian corps, obliging Korsakov to withdraw it at 13:00. The Russians fought with their accustomed bravery, but they were not well directed, and it was pathetic to see them charging up the slopes of the Albis expecting to see Suvároff at

4420-494: Was killed by Johann's abiders. Thereafter, the castle was sold by the sons of Count Johann I (among them Johann II von Rapperswil ) around 1343/47 to Friedrich V von Toggenburg , but after the extinction of the House of Rapperswil, in 1436/37 the property including all rights – especially the bridge toll – passed to the Old Swiss Confederacy ; it was claimed by the canton of Schwyz, to control all traffic between

4488-442: Was struggling to join them from the south. The Republican victory was undoubtedly Masséna's greatest triumph, however he too has been criticised for failing to fully exploit his success. Rocquancourt, Jomini and the Archduke Charles question why Masséna on the evening of the 25th, when it became clear the Russians were concentrating against Oudinot, did not move up all of Klein's reserve and the remains of Ménard's Division to support

4556-515: Was to hold the attention of Korsakov's main body in front of Zürich by attacking Wollishofen . Klein was to cover the Alstetten road, while the Division of Soult was to cross the Linth at Bilten and prevent Hotze from assisting the Russians. All the boats available for transportation were assembled at Brugg , while a pontoon bridge was constructed at Rottenschwil to mislead the enemy as to

4624-419: Was unsuccessful, and Masséna now planned a crossing near Dietikon with a subsequent attack on Korsakov in Zürich. On 19 September, Masséna revealed his plan to his division commanders. Lorge's Division and part of Ménard's would cross the Limmat from Dietikon and attack Korsakov in Zürich. The remainder of Ménard's command would occupy the enemy by demonstrating at Vogelsang . At the same time Mortier's Division

#317682