Mackay Glacier ( 76°58′S 162°0′E / 76.967°S 162.000°E / -76.967; 162.000 ) is a large glacier in Victoria Land , descending eastward from the Antarctic Plateau , between the Convoy Range and Clare Range , into the southern part of Granite Harbour . It was discovered by the South magnetic pole party of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907–09 , and named for Alistair Mackay , a member of the party. The glacier's tongue is called Mackay Glacier Tongue. First mapped by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 and named for Alistair F. Mackay, a member of the party. Its mouth is south of the Evans Piedmont Glacier and the Mawson Glacier . It is north of the Wilson Piedmont Glacier and the Ferrar Glacier .
40-526: The Mackay Glacier forms on the Antarctic Plateau to the south of Gateway Nunatak and the north of Willett Range . It flows east to the north of Detour Nunatak and Pegtop Mountain, which separate it from Frazier Glacier to the south, which flows past the Clare Range further to the south. It is joined by Frazier Glacier to the east of Dome Nunatak and west of Gondola Ridge and Mount Suess. It
80-526: A detour on the way up the Mackay Glacier, passing south of this nunatak. 77°04′S 161°15′E / 77.067°S 161.250°E / -77.067; 161.250 . An elongated mountain marked by several conspicuous knobs, the highest and westernmost rising to 1,395 metres (4,577 ft), situated at the south side of Mackay Glacier, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) west of Sperm Bluff . Mapped and given this descriptive name by
120-425: A find of springtail insects at this location. 77°15′54″S 160°56′47″E / 77.265108°S 160.946302°E / -77.265108; 160.946302 A steep bluff rising to 1,750 metres (5,740 ft) high and extending west–east for 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) at the southeast end of Parker Mesa, Clare Range, Victoria Land. The elevation drops to 1,350 metres (4,430 ft) high at
160-625: A snow divide with Benson Glacier to the northeast. Named after Mount Gran by the New Zealand Northern Survey Party of the CTAE (1956-58), which visited the area in November 1957. 76°57′S 161°37′E / 76.950°S 161.617°E / -76.950; 161.617 . Small tributary glacier flowing southeast to the north side of Mackay Glacier, immediately west of Mount Allan Thomson. Charted and named by
200-608: Is a large area of East Antarctica that extends over a diameter of about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi), and includes the region of the geographic South Pole and the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station . This huge continental plateau is at an average elevation of about 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). This plateau was first sighted in 1903 during the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic, which
240-744: Is joined by Gran Glacier from the north between Mount Gran in the Convoy Range and Mount Woolnough. It is joined by Scrivener Glacier east of Mount Wadinough and west of Mount Allen Thomson. It flows past Redcliff Nunatak and The Flatiron to the south. It terminates in the Mackay Glacier Tongue in Granite Harbour . Download coordinates as: Glaciers that flow into the Mackay Glacier include, from west to east: 77°05′S 161°25′E / 77.083°S 161.417°E / -77.083; 161.417 . Glacier between
280-621: Is one of the most well-represented bacterial groups in marine habitats; Bacteroidota (e.g. Cryomorphaceae and Flavobacteriaceae ); and Cyanobacteria . According to research, polar microorganisms should be considered as not only deposited airborne particles, but also as active components of the snowpack ecology of the Antarctic Plateau. No penguins live on the Antarctic Plateau, and few birds routinely fly over it, except mostly Antarctic petrels , snow petrels and south polar skuas . There are very few land animals anywhere on
320-742: The Willett Range on the south side of Mackay Glacier , in Victoria Land , Antarctica. It is south of the Convoy Range and north of the Olympus Range . The Clare Range was circumnavigated in 1957 by the New Zealand Northern Survey Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE; 1956–58), and named by them after Clare College, Cambridge , England. Download coordinates as: The Clare Range runs in an east-northeast direction to
360-602: The first journey to the South Pole , the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen decided to name this plateau the King Haakon VII Plateau in honour of the newly elected king of Norway. The Antarctic Plateau was first observed and photographed from the air in 1929 by a Ford Trimotor aeroplane carrying four men on the first flight to the South Pole and back to the seacoast. The chief pilot of this flight
400-586: The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2007) after Steve Hopkins who worked several seasons at McMurdo Station, first as a cargo handler loading and unloading C-141 and C-130 aircraft later attaining the lead supervisory cargo position. He was injured during the 2001-02 season in a helicopter crash at Lake Fryzell while working as Lead Helo-tech for helicopter operations. 76°57′S 160°23′E / 76.950°S 160.383°E / -76.950; 160.383 . Narrow rock ridge at
440-607: The BrAE (1907-09) and named for Eduard Suess, Austrian geologist and paleontologist. 76°46′00″S 160°24′00″E / 76.7666667°S 160.4°E / -76.7666667; 160.4 . A group of three nunataks rising to 2,180 metres (7,150 ft) at the head of Cambridge Glacier, between the Coombs Hills and Convoy Range. The nunataks extend west-east 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) and rise about 50 metres (160 ft) above Cambridge Glacier. Named by
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#1732786561351480-402: The BrAE (1910-13) for J. Allan Thomson, British geologist who assisted in writing the scientific reports of the BrAE, 1907-09. 76°56′S 161°51′E / 76.933°S 161.850°E / -76.933; 161.850 . Conspicuous black peak over 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) high, standing on the north side of Mackay Glacier about 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) west of
520-453: The BrAE (1910-13) which named it for Tryggve Gran, Norwegian naval officer who was a ski expert with the expedition. 76°56′S 161°19′E / 76.933°S 161.317°E / -76.933; 161.317 . Mountain over 1,400 m, standing on the north side of Mackay Glacier, about midway between Mount Morrison and Mount Gran. Charted by the BrAE, 1910-13, and named for Walter G. Woolnough, British geologist who assisted in writing
560-419: The BrAE, 1910-13, and so named because of its color. 77°02′S 162°08′E / 77.033°S 162.133°E / -77.033; 162.133 . A small lake at the southeast corner of Redcliff Nunatak on the south flank of Mackay Glacie. Redcliff Nunatak projects as a rounded mound of granite 300 metres (980 ft) above the glacier surface. The ice is piled up on the west side and sweeps around
600-455: The BrAE, 1910-13. 76°55′S 162°01′E / 76.917°S 162.017°E / -76.917; 162.017 . Glacier about 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi)wide which flows east-southest from Mount Morrison and Mount Brøgger to enter Mackay Glacier just west of Mount Marston . Discovered by the BrAE (1910-13) and named by Frank Debenham, a member of the expedition, after his mother's maiden name. Other festures along
640-602: The BrAE, 1910-13. 77°01′S 161°27′E / 77.017°S 161.450°E / -77.017; 161.450 . Dome-shaped nunatak, 990 metres (3,250 ft) high, protruding above the Mackay Glacier, about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) northwest of Mount Suess. Charted and named by the BrAE under Scott, 1910-13. 77°01′S 161°45′E / 77.017°S 161.750°E / -77.017; 161.750 . High rocky ridge just south of Mackay Glacier, extending northeast from Mount Suess for about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi). Charted by
680-453: The CTAE (1956-58), and so named by them because it marks the most obvious gateway through the upper icefalls for parties traveling west up the Mackay Glacier. 76°59′S 160°48′E / 76.983°S 160.800°E / -76.983; 160.800 . Prominent rocky peak, 2,110 metres (6,920 ft) high, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west of Mount Gran on the north side of Mackay Glacier. Surveyed in 1957 by
720-521: The Clare Range and Detour Nunatak, flowing northeast to join Mackay Glacier east of Pegtop Nunatak. Named by US-ACAN in 1964 for Lieutenant (j.g.) W.F. Frazier, officer in charge at Byrd Station, 1963. 76°57′S 160°31′E / 76.950°S 160.517°E / -76.950; 160.517 . A wide sheetlike glacier between the Convoy Range and Coombs Hills, draining south into
760-521: The Clare Range. So named in 1957 by the Northern Survey Party of the CTAE (1956-58) because the summit is notably asymmetrical from all directions. 77°10′S 160°42′E / 77.167°S 160.700°E / -77.167; 160.700 . A rock point 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) north of Skew Peak in the Clare Range, Victoria Land. So named by Heinz Janetschek, biologist at McMurdo Station (1961-62), because of
800-464: The Mackay Glacier between Mount Bergen and Gateway Nunatak. Surveyed in 1957 by the New Zealand Northern Survey Party of the CTAE, 1956-58. Named by them after Cambridge University, where many of the various Antarctic scientific reports have been written. 76°56′S 161°14′E / 76.933°S 161.233°E / -76.933; 161.233 . A glacier flowing south into Mackay Glacier between Mount Gran and Mount Woolnough. It rises from
840-470: The N.Z. Northern Survey Party of the CTAE (1956-58) and named by them after the birthplace in Norway of Tryggve Gran, a member of the BrAE, 1910-13. 76°59′S 160°58′E / 76.983°S 160.967°E / -76.983; 160.967 . Large flat-topped mountain, 2,235 metres (7,333 ft) high, standing at the north side of Mackay Glacier and immediately west of Gran Glacier. Discovered by
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#1732786561351880-608: The National Science Foundation’s Office of Polar Programs, 1994--2003; United States representative to the SCAR Committee for Environmental Protection and Vice Chair of the Committee for two terms. 77°14′S 161°15′E / 77.233°S 161.250°E / -77.233; 161.250 . A prominent, curved, rock spur, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long, which descends from
920-468: The New Zealand party of the CTAE (1956-58) because of the carapaces of small crustaceans found in the rocks. 77°08′S 160°55′E / 77.133°S 160.917°E / -77.133; 160.917 . A broad nunatak between Frazier Glacier and the upper part of Mackay Glacier. So named in 1957 by the New Zealand Northern Survey Party of the CTAE (1956-58) because it was necessary to make
960-489: The Western Geological Party of the BrAE (1910-13) who so named it because Mount Suess, to which the ridge is joined, resembles a gondola in shape. 77°02′S 161°42′E / 77.033°S 161.700°E / -77.033; 161.700 . A conspicuous mountain, 1,190 metres (3,900 ft) high, surmounting the south part of Gondola Ridge, near the south side of Mackay Glacier. Discovered by
1000-482: The ability of microorganisms to withstand a hostile milieu. Doctor Vishniac fell to his death in the Asgard Range, upper Wright Valley, 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) south of this peak, on December 11, 1973. 77°13′S 160°42′E / 77.217°S 160.700°E / -77.217; 160.700 . A mountain, 2,535 metres (8,317 ft) high, just west of the head of Frazier Glacier, in
1040-404: The course of the glacier include, from west to east: 76°53′S 159°24′E / 76.883°S 159.400°E / -76.883; 159.400 . A prominent isolated nunatak, the most westerly near the head of Mackay Glacier, standing 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) southwest of Mount Brooke where it is visible for a considerable distance from many directions. So named by
1080-1034: The foot of the bluff. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2005) after Bruce Franklin Molnia, United States Geological Survey (USGS) geologist who conducted seismic studies in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic marginal seas from R.V. Eltanin, 1965-66; Acting Executive Director of the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, 1985-87; Chief, International Polar Programs, United States Geological Survey (USGS), 1987-2002; Research Geologist, United States Geological Survey (USGS), 2002-05. 77°15′S 160°55′E / 77.250°S 160.917°E / -77.250; 160.917 . A prominent snow covered mesa 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) southeast of Skew Peak, in
1120-477: The head of Webb Glacier and 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) southwest of Skew Peak. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy aerial photography, 1947-62. Named by US-ACAN for Wolf V. Vishniac (1922-73), professor of biology at the University of Rochester, New York, who made Antarctic studies (1971-72 and 1973) on the water absorption of soil particles and its microbiological significance, and
1160-515: The lowest in the world in most years, falling as low as −92 °C (−134 °F). The nearly continuous frigid winds that blow across the Antarctic Plateau, especially in the austral winter, make the environment inhospitable to life. Microbial abundance is low (<103 cells/ml of snowmelt ). The microbial community is mainly composed of members of the Alphaproteobacteria class (e.g. Kiloniellaceae and Rhodobacteraceae ), which
1200-445: The mouth of Cleveland Glacier. Charted and named by the BrAE, 1910-13. The name suggests the easy identification of the peak and its use as a landmark. 77°02′S 162°03′E / 77.033°S 162.050°E / -77.033; 162.050 . Red granite nunatak, 630 metres (2,070 ft) high, rising about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Mount Suess along the south flank of Mackay Glacier. Charted by
1240-609: The north and south sides to the lee side, where it is much lower, and where this lake has formed from meltwater. Given this descriptive name by the Western Journey Party, led by Taylor, of BrAE, 1910-13. [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey . Antarctic Plateau The Antarctic Plateau , Polar Plateau or King Haakon VII Plateau
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1280-441: The plateau, or the Antarctic in general; nematodes , springtails , mites , midges , humans and dogs. 77°00′S 150°00′E / 77.000°S 150.000°E / -77.000; 150.000 Sperm Bluff The Clare Range ( 77°10′S 161°11′E / 77.167°S 161.183°E / -77.167; 161.183 ( Clare Range ) ) is the range extending west-southwest from Sperm Bluff to
1320-399: The scientific reports of the BrAE, 1907-09. 76°57′S 161°43′E / 76.950°S 161.717°E / -76.950; 161.717 . Conspicuous mountain surmounted by a dark peak over 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) high which stands at the north side of Mackay Glacier, about 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) west of the mouth of Cleveland Glacier. Charted and named by
1360-865: The south of the Frazier Glacier and Mackay Glacier . The Willett Range is to its east. The head of the Webb Glacier and Victoria Upper Névé separate it from the Cruzen Range to the south. The eastern part of the range is north of the Saint Johns Range and Cotton Glacier . Named features, from southwest to northeast, include Vishniac Peak, Skew Peak, Parker Mesa, Dykes Peak, Heaphy Spur, Detour Nunatak and Sperm Bluff. 77°14′S 160°31′E / 77.233°S 160.517°E / -77.233; 160.517 . A peak 2,280 metres (7,480 ft) high which rises just north of
1400-686: The south part of Clare Range. This high, flattish feature was named by US-ACAN for Bruce C. Parker, United States ArmyRP biologist who conducted limnological studies at Antarctic Peninsula (1969-70) and in Victoria Land (1973-74 and 1974-75). 77°13′S 161°01′E / 77.217°S 161.017°E / -77.217; 161.017 . A peak 2,220 metres (7,280 ft) high at the head of Victoria Upper Glacier, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Skew Peak. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy aerial photographs, 1947-62. Named by US-ACAN (1974) for Leonard H. Dykes who
1440-651: The southern side of Clare Range and divides the head of Victoria Upper Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy aerial photography, 1947-62. Named by US-ACAN (1974) after William Heaphy, a New Zealand citizen who, over the past 10 years, participated in the United States Antarctic Research Program. 77°05′S 161°36′E / 77.083°S 161.600°E / -77.083; 161.600 . A prominent dark bluff, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long and over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) high, forming
1480-433: The west side of the mouth of Cambridge Glacier. Named by US-ACAN in 1964 for John R. Reid, Jr., glaciologist at Little America V in 1959-60. 77°01′S 160°15′E / 77.017°S 160.250°E / -77.017; 160.250 . Prominent nunatak near the head of Mackay Glacier, standing 9 nautical miles (17 km; 10 mi) west of Mount Gran. Surveyed in 1957 by the New Zealand Northern Survey Party of
1520-401: Was Bernt Balchen , a native of Norway , and the navigator and chief organizer of this expedition was Richard E. Byrd of Virginia , an officer in the U.S. Navy . The other two members of its crew were the co-pilot and the photographer. The high elevations of the Antarctic Plateau, combined with its high latitudes and its extremely long, sunless winters, mean that the temperatures here are
1560-571: Was associated for nearly 20 years with the successive Antarctic co-ordinating committees within the United States Government. 77°11′21″S 161°00′11″E / 77.189112°S 161.003146°E / -77.189112; 161.003146 A sharp-pointed peak, 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) high, 1.75 nautical miles (3.24 km; 2.01 mi) northwest of Dykes Peak. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2007) after Joyce A. Jatko, Environmental Officer for
1600-617: Was led by Robert Falcon Scott . Ernest Shackleton became the first to cross parts of this plateau in 1909 during his Nimrod Expedition , which turned back in bad weather when it had reached a point 97 nautical miles (180 km; 112 mi) from the South Pole . Shackleton named this plateau the King Edward VII Plateau in honour of the king of the United Kingdom . In December 1911, while returning from
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