75-631: Granary Wharf is a mixed-use development that stands next to the brick tunnels beside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal , and the River Aire in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England. Leeds City railway station sits above the brick tunnels on Dark Neville Street. The tunnel complex is known locally as the Dark Arches . In 1864 it was proposed to build a "New Station" in Leeds. Construction began in 1866 and
150-582: A BBC radio transmitter, and a number of microwave communication towers. This site was the first place in the UK chosen for an unmanned weather radar, beginning operation in 1979; it is one of 18 that cover the British Isles. Also since 2007 the three turbines of the Hameldon Hill wind farm have stood on its northern flank. To the east of the town lie the 1,677 feet (511 m) Boulsworth Hill and
225-511: A P-38 Lightning from the 14th Fighter Group USAAF crashed near Cliviger , and Black Hameldon Hill claimed a Halifax from No. 51 Squadron RAF in January 1943, and also a B-24 Liberator from the 491st Bombardment Group USAAF in February 1945. Lucas Industries set up shadow factories , producing a wide range of electrical parts for the war effort. Notably they were involved with
300-786: A Roman presence, but no evidence of a settlement has been found in the town. Gorple Road (running east from Worsthorne ) appears to follow the route of a Roman road that may have crossed the present-day centre of town, on the way to the fort at Ribchester . It has been claimed that the nearby earthworks of Ring Stones Camp ( 53°47′35″N 2°10′26″W / 53.793°N 2.174°W / 53.793; -2.174 ), Twist Castle ( 53°48′00″N 2°10′16″W / 53.800°N 2.171°W / 53.800; -2.171 ) and Beadle Hill ( 53°48′11″N 2°10′08″W / 53.803°N 2.169°W / 53.803; -2.169 ) are of Roman origin, but little supporting archaeological information has been published. Following
375-505: A charter granted the church of Burnley to the monks of Pontefract Abbey . In its early days, Burnley was a small farming community, gaining a corn mill in 1290, a market in 1294, and a fulling mill in 1296. At this point, it was within the manor of Ightenhill , one of five that made up the Honor of Clitheroe , then a far more significant settlement, and consisted of no more than 50 families. Little survives of early Burnley apart from
450-668: A canal. John Longbotham was engaged to survey a route. Two groups were set up to promote the scheme, one in Liverpool and one in Bradford. The Liverpool committee was unhappy with the route originally proposed, following the Ribble valley through Preston , considering that it ran too far to the north, missing key towns and the Wigan coalfield. A counter-proposal was produced by John Eyes and Richard Melling, improved by P.P. Burdett , which
525-494: A detailed estimate of a distance just less than 109 miles (175 km) built at a cost of £259,777 (equivalent to about £32.67 million as of 2014). The Leeds and Liverpool Canal Act 1770 ( 10 Geo. 3 . c. 114) was passed in May 1770 authorising construction, and Brindley was appointed chief engineer and John Longbotham clerk of works ; following Brindley's death in 1772, Longbotham carried out both roles. A commencement ceremony
600-488: A series of violent disturbances arising from racial tensions between some of its White and Asian residents. Burnley was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1861, a Parliamentary Borough returning one member in 1867 and became, under the Local Government Act 1888 , a county borough outside the administrative county of Lancashire. Under the Local Government Act 1972 Burnley's county borough status
675-559: A tunnel at Foulridge , lowering the proposed summit level by 40 feet (12 m), using a more southerly route in Lancashire. These proposals were authorised by a fresh act of Parliament, the Leeds and Liverpool Canal Act 1790 ( 30 Geo. 3 . c. 65), together with further fund-raising, and in 1791, construction of the canal finally recommenced south-westward from Gargrave, heading toward Barrowford in Lancashire. By this time planning for
750-593: Is 127 miles (204 km) long and crosses the country from Liverpool to Leeds, via East Lancashire and the Pennines. It was generally built with locks 60 ft (18 m) long and 14 ft 3 in (4.34 m) wide. From Liverpool to Appley Locks, the canal runs for 27 miles (43 km) without locks, across the West Lancashire Coastal Plain . The two main side-branches both connect to other waterways. The Rufford Branch links into
825-659: Is a canal in Northern England , linking the cities of Leeds and Liverpool . Over a distance of 127 miles (204 km), crossing the Pennines , and including 91 locks on the main line. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal has several small branches, and in the early 21st century a new link was constructed into the Liverpool docks system . In the mid-18th century the growing towns of Yorkshire , including Leeds, Wakefield and Bradford , were trading increasingly. While
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#1732783761103900-582: Is a series of independent viaducts two or four tracks wide. The station is situated next to the terminus of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal , but as the station is raised high above ground level it is possible to gain access to the Dark Arches from the towpath . Developed in the 1990s and advertised as Leeds' best kept secret, the Granary Wharf shopping centre was situated underneath the Dark Arches. There were several established businesses underneath
975-521: Is a town and the administrative centre of the wider Borough of Burnley in Lancashire , England, with a 2021 population of 78,266. It is 21 miles (34 km) north of Manchester and 20 miles (32 km) east of Preston , at the confluence of the River Calder and River Brun . The town is located near the countryside to the south and east, with the towns of Padiham and Brierfield to
1050-619: Is considered to be a suburb of the town, it is actually part of the neighbouring borough of Pendle . To the north west of the town, and home of the Pendle Witches , is the imposing Pendle Hill , which rises to 1,827 feet (557 m), beyond which lie Clitheroe and the Ribble Valley . To the south west, Hameldon Hill rises to 1,342 feet (409 m), on top of which are the Met Office north west England weather radar ,
1125-511: Is represented on the council in six divisions : Burnley Central East, Burnley Central West, Burnley North East, Burnley Rural, Burnley South West, and Padiham & Burnley West. The constituency of Burnley elects a single member of Parliament (MP). In the 2024 election Burnley elected Labour MP Oliver Ryan . Previously, in the general election in 2019 , the town elected Antony Higginbotham , its first Conservative Party MP in over 100 years. The constituency had been represented by MPs of
1200-543: The Aire and Calder Navigation improved links to the east for Leeds, links to the west were limited. Bradford merchants wanted to increase the supply of limestone to make lime for mortar and agriculture using coal from Bradford's collieries and to transport textiles to the Port of Liverpool . On the west coast, traders in the busy port of Liverpool wanted a cheap supply of coal for their shipping and manufacturing businesses and to tap
1275-530: The Burnley Coalfield : the drift mines and shallow bell-pits of earlier centuries were replaced by deeper shafts, meeting industrial as well as domestic demand in Nelson, Colne and Padiham, and by 1800 there were over a dozen pits in the modern-day centre of the town alone. The arrival of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1796 made possible transportation of goods in bulk, bringing a huge boost to
1350-688: The French Revolution , Britain had been at war with France from 1793 to 1802. The peace proved temporary, with the Napoleonic Wars beginning the following year. High taxes and interest rates during this period made it difficult for the company to borrow money, and the pace of construction inevitably slowed. In 1804 Samuel Fletcher also died and his brother Joseph and son James were jointly appointed to replace him and they were provided with Gannow House in Burnley. In 1805 they estimated
1425-673: The Haslingden Canal . The Peel family asked the canal company not to construct the crossing over the River Hyndburn above their textile printworks; such a crossing would have required the construction of embankments, and reduced the water supply to their factories. Consequently, Accrington was bypassed and the Haslingden Canal was never built. Yet more fund-raising took place, as the Foulridge Tunnel
1500-664: The Labour Party since 1935 , apart from 2010 – 2015, when it was represented by Gordon Birtwistle , a Liberal Democrat . Richard Shaw was the town's first MP in 1868 . Arguably its most notable MP was former leader of the Labour Party and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Arthur Henderson . The town lies in a natural three-forked valley at the confluence of the River Brun and the River Calder , surrounded by open fields, with wild moorland at higher altitudes. To
1575-522: The Market Cross , erected in 1295, which now stands in the grounds of the old grammar school. Over the next three centuries, Burnley grew in size to about 1,200 inhabitants by 1550, still centred around the church, St Peter's , in what is now known as "Top o' th' Town". Prosperous residents built larger houses, including Gawthorpe Hall in Padiham and Towneley Hall . In 1532, St Peter's Church
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#17327837611031650-522: The River Aire , at Dowley Gap. Also completed was the branch to Bradford . On the western side, the section from Liverpool to Newburgh was dug. By the following year the Yorkshire end had been extended to Gargrave , and by 1777 the canal had joined the Aire and Calder Navigation in Leeds. From Liverpool it had reached Wigan by 1781, replacing the earlier and unsatisfactory Douglas Navigation . By now,
1725-659: The Rover Company 's failed attempts (and Rolls-Royce 's later successful ones) to produce Frank Whittle 's pioneering jet engine design, the W.2 ( Rolls-Royce Welland ) in Barnoldswick . Magnesium Elektron 's factory in Lowerhouse became the largest magnesium production facility in Britain. An unexpected benefit of the conflict for the residents of Burnley occurred in 1940. The Old Vic Theatre Company and
1800-554: The Sadler's Wells Opera and Ballet Companies moved from London to the town's Victoria Theatre. For their actions during the war, two Distinguished Service Orders and eight Distinguished Conduct Medals , along with a large number of lesser awards, were awarded to servicemen from the town. Burnley's main war memorial stands in Place de Vitry sur Seine next to the central library. The Queen , together with Prince Philip , first visited
1875-488: The moors around the town, as have numerous tumuli , stone circles , and some hill forts (see: Castercliff , which dates from around 600 BC). Modern-day Back Lane, Stump Hall Lane and Noggarth Road broadly follow the route of a classic ridgeway running east–west to the north of the town, suggesting that the area was populated during pre-history and probably controlled by the Brigantes . Limited coin finds indicate
1950-438: The spinning machines . The first turnpike road through the area now known as Burnley was begun in 1754, linking the town to Blackburn and Colne eventually leading to the area of Brun Lea developing into a town, and by the mid 19th century, there were daily stagecoach journeys to Blackburn , Skipton and Manchester , the latter taking just over two hours. The 18th century also saw the rapid development of coal mining on
2025-689: The 1840s, who formed a community in one of the poorest districts. At one time, the Park District (modern-day town centre, around Parker St.) was known as Irish Park. In 1848, the East Lancashire Railway Company 's extension from Accrington linked the town to the nation's nascent railway network for the first time. This was another significant boost to the local economy and, by 1851, the town's population had reached almost 21,000. The Burnley Building Society , incorporated in Burnley in 1850, was, by 1911, not only 'by far
2100-554: The First World War heralded the beginning of the collapse of the English textiles industry and the start of a steady decline in the town's population. The Bank Parade drill hall was completed in the early 20th century. There is a total of 191 listed buildings in Burnley – one Grade I (Towneley Hall), two Grade II* (St Peter's Church and Burnley Mechanics) and 188 Grade II. Over 4000 men from Burnley were killed in
2175-632: The First World War, about 15 per cent of the male working-age population. 250 volunteers, known as the Burnley Pals, made up Z Company of 11th Battalion, the East Lancashire Regiment , a battalion that as a whole became known by the far more famous name of the Accrington Pals . Victoria Crosses were awarded to two soldiers from the town, Hugh Colvin and Thomas Whitham , along with a third to resident (and only son of
2250-577: The Lancaster Canal between Aspull and Johnson's Hillock. The main line of the canal was thus completed in 1816. There had been various unsuccessful negotiations to connect the canal to the Bridgewater Canal at Leigh but agreement was finally reached in 1818, and embodied in the Leeds and Liverpool Canal Branch and Railway Act 1819 ( 59 Geo. 3 . c. cv) and the connection was opened in 1820, thus giving access to Manchester and
2325-570: The Pennines the Leeds and Liverpool had been beaten by the Huddersfield Narrow Canal and the Rochdale Canal . The most important cargo was always coal, with over a million tons per year being delivered to Liverpool in the 1860s. Even in Yorkshire, more coal was carried than limestone. Once the canal was fully open, receipts for carrying merchandise matched those of coal. The heavy industry along its route, together with
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2400-799: The River Douglas and, via the Ribble Link and the River Ribble to the previously isolated Lancaster Canal . The Leigh Branch from Wigan leads to the Bridgewater Canal and thus to Manchester and the Midlands . The canal at Aintree passes close to the racecourse and gives the name to the course's Canal Turn . Direction: East (top) to west (bottom) Bibliography 53°47′34″N 01°32′53″W / 53.79278°N 1.54806°W / 53.79278; -1.54806 Burnley Burnley ( / ˈ b ɜːr n l i / )
2475-588: The Roman period, the area became part of the kingdom of Rheged , and then the kingdom of Northumbria . Local place-names Padiham and Habergham show the influence of the Angles , suggesting that some had settled in the area by the early 7th century; sometime later the land became part of the hundred of Blackburnshire . There is no definitive record of a settlement until after the Norman conquest of England . In 1122,
2550-547: The Stoops and Hargher Clough council estates in the south west of the town. The millennium brought some improvement projects, notably the "Forest of Burnley" scheme, which planted approximately a million trees throughout the town and its outskirts, and the creation of the Lowerhouse Lodges local nature reserve . In June 2001, during the 2001 England riots , the town again received national attention following
2625-589: The UK. For the first time in more than 50 years, a direct train service now operates between the town's Manchester Road railway station and Manchester's Victoria station and onward to Wigan Wallgate via the restored Todmorden Curve , which opened in May 2015. The name Burnley is believed to have been derived from Brun Lea, meaning "meadow by the River Brun". Various other spellings have been used: Bronley (1241), Brunley (1251) and commonly Brumleye (1294) Stone Age flint tools and weapons have been found on
2700-722: The arches, these included; restaurants, shops, boutiques, cafes, a bakery, exhibition spaces and a 1,000 capacity events venue. The Arches as a shopping centre was in decline for some time, and has now been developed as a car park. In 2009 Granary Wharf was redeveloped with a new hotel (the City Inn, Leeds - now DoubleTree by Hilton ) and two apartment blocks: Candle House and Watermans Place. The newly developed Granary Wharf also features several modern restaurants and bars. 53°47′39″N 1°32′53″W / 53.79417°N 1.54806°W / 53.79417; -1.54806 Leeds and Liverpool Canal The Leeds and Liverpool Canal
2775-474: The area's economy and the town of Burnley was born. Dozens of new mills were constructed, along with many foundries and ironworks that supplied the cotton mills and coal mines with machinery and cast and wrought iron for construction. The town became renowned for its mill-engines, and the Burnley Loom was recognised as one of the best in the world. A permanent military presence was established in
2850-568: The borough has one further, bottom tier of government, the parish or town council . Burnley Borough Council is currently governed by a multi-party coalition. The role of mayor is a ceremonial post which rotates annually and for 2020-21 is Wajid Khan ( Labour Party ). The borough comprises 15 wards , 12 of which – Bank Hall, Briercliffe , Brunshaw, Coal Clough with Deerplay, Daneshouse with Stoneyholme, Gannow, Lanehead, Queensgate, Rosegrove with Lowerhouse, Rosehill with Burnley Wood, Trinity, and Whittlefield with Ightenhill – fall within
2925-482: The canal there were tank traps , bunkers and blockhouses . Some buildings such as barns and pubs along the canal were fortified. There are still some remaining concrete pillboxes and brick built blockhouses. In August 2010, a 60-mile stretch of the canal was closed due to the low reservoirs, following the driest start to the year since records began. It was reopened the following month, although some restrictions remained. The £22 million Liverpool Canal Link
3000-574: The chief constable) Alfred Victor Smith . In 1926 a memorial to the fallen was erected in Towneley Park , funded by Caleb Thornber, former mayor and alderman of the borough to ensure the sacrifice of the men lost was commemorated. The local school of art created pages of vellum with the names of the fallen inscribed. These were framed in a rotating carousel in Towneley Hall for visitors to see. There were 2000 names inscribed – less than half
3075-596: The competing Rochdale Canal was under way and it was likely to offer a more direct journey to Liverpool via Manchester and the Bridgewater Canal. The same year John Rennie surveyed a branch of the Rochdale between Todmorden and Burnley. In 1794 an agreement was reached with the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal company to create a link near Red Moss near Horwich . The company's experiences running
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3150-544: The cost of linking Enfield to Red Moss would be £245,275 and £101,725 for the shorter continuation to Wigan (totalling about £27.36 million in 2014). The planned link with the Manchester, Bolton and Bury did not materialize. The latest plan for the route had it running parallel to, and then crossing the southern section of the Lancaster Canal , but common sense prevailed and the Leeds and Liverpool connected with
3225-402: The country. In 1871, the population was 44,320, and had grown to 87,016 by 1891. Burnley Town Hall , designed by Holton and Fox of Dewsbury , was built between 1885 and 1888. The Burnley Electric Lighting Order was granted in 1890, giving Burnley Corporation (which already controlled the supply of water and the making and sale of gas) a monopoly in the generation and sale of electricity in
3300-640: The decision to build the canal with broad locks, ensured that (unlike the other two trans-Pennine canals) the Leeds and Liverpool competed successfully with the railways throughout the 19th century and remained open through the 20th century. The canal suffered some damage during the Second World War . It was breached when a German bomb fell on it in Bootle . The canal in West Lancashire was part of Britain's defensive plans against invasion. Along
3375-520: The largest in the County of Lancashire... but the sixth in magnitude in the kingdom'. The Cotton Famine of 1861–1865, caused by the American Civil War , was again disastrous for the town. However, the resumption of trade led to a quick recovery and, by 1866, the town was the largest producer of cotton cloth in the world. By the 1880s, the town was manufacturing more looms than anywhere in
3450-553: The loss of 571 jobs. The area of the mine has been restored as a park. In 1980 Burnley was connected to the motorway network, through the construction of the first and second sections of the M65 . Although the route, next to the railway and over the former Clifton colliery site, was chosen to minimise the clearance of occupied land, Yatefield, Olive Mount and Whittlefield Mills, Burnley Barracks, and several hundred more terrace houses had to be demolished. Unusually this route passed close to
3525-403: The market was moved to the bottom of what is today Manchester Road, at the end of the 19th century. In the second half of the 18th century, the manufacture of cotton began to replace wool . Burnley's earliest known factories – dating from the mid-century – stood on the banks of the River Calder , close to where it is joined by the River Brun , and relied on water power to drive
3600-596: The moors of the South Pennines , and to the south, the Forest of Rossendale . On the hills above the Cliviger area to the south east of the town stands Coal Clough wind farm , whose white turbines are visible from most of the town. Built in 1992 amidst local controversy, it was one of the first wind farm projects in the UK. Nearby, the landmark RIBA Award-winning Panopticon Singing Ringing Tree , overlooking
3675-487: The most expensive single item in the whole project. At Burnley, rather than using two sets of locks to cross the shallow Calder valley, Whitworth designed the Burnley Embankment , a 1,350 yards (1,234 m) long and up to 60 feet (18 m) high earthwork. It would also require another 559 yards (511 m) tunnel nearby at Gannow and a sizeable cutting to allow the canal to traverse the hillside between
3750-524: The number of actual casualties. The Burnley Justices had delegated their authority to determine which pictures could be shown in local cinemas to a panel of three justices. In a judicial review in 1916 this was found to be an unlawful delegation of their authority. During the Second World War, Burnley largely escaped the Blitz , with the only Luftwaffe bomb to known to have fallen within
3825-461: The output from the industrial regions of Lancashire . Inspired by the effectiveness of the wholly artificial navigation, the Bridgewater Canal opened in 1759–60. A canal across the Pennines linking Liverpool and Hull (by means of the Aire and Calder Navigation) would have obvious trade benefits. A public meeting took place at the Sun Inn in Bradford on 2 July 1766 to promote the building of such
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#17327837611033900-538: The rapidly expanding town, an example of which, originally installed at Harle Syke Mill, is on display in the Science Museum in London. Around 1840, a traveller described the town as ugly, stating that: "parts of it were so situated that good architectural effects might have been obtained had the disposition and the resources co-existed". The Great Famine of Ireland led to an influx of Irish families during
3975-511: The rest of the canal network. The Bridgewater Canal, like most of Brindley's designs was for boats of 72 feet (22 m) length, whereas the Leeds and Liverpool had been designed for broad boats of 62 feet (19 m) length. There was naturally a desire by the longer boats to reach Liverpool and the locks of the westerly end of the canal were extended to 72 feet (22 m) in 1822. James Fletcher continued as engineer until his death in 1844. The canal took almost 50 years to complete; in crossing
4050-476: The southern edge of town, causing only minor damage. On the night of 12 October the control shelter at the Starfish site near Crown Point suffered a direct hit, killing Aircraftman L R Harwood, and severely injuring four other men. Although the blackout was enforced, most of the aircraft in the sky above the town would have been friendly and on training missions, or returning to the factories for maintenance. Aircraft crashes did occur, however: In September 1942
4125-408: The station was completed in 1869. The new station was built on arches which span the River Aire , Neville Street and Swinegate. The building of the station led to the creation of the 'Dark Arches' over Neville Street. Over 18 million bricks were used during their construction, breaking records at the time. Although the arches appear to be part of one single structure, closer inspection reveals that it
4200-413: The subscribed funds and further borrowing had all been spent, and work stopped in 1781 with the completion of the Rufford Branch from Burscough to the River Douglas at Tarleton . The war in the American colonies and its aftermath made it impossible to continue for more than a decade. In 1789 Robert Whitworth developed fresh proposals to vary the line of the remaining part of the canal, including
4275-440: The textile industry. Other industries at that time included: brass and iron foundries, rope works, calico printing works, tanneries, paper mills, collieries and corn mills and granaries. By 1910, there were approximately 99,000 power looms in the town, and it reached its peak population of over 100,000 in 1911. By 1920, the Burnley and District Weavers', Winders' and Beamers' Association had more than 20,000 members. However,
4350-441: The town as well as Nelson and the Mullard valve factory at Simonstone near Padiham in 1955. There were widespread celebrations in the town in the summer of 1960, when Burnley FC won the old first division to become Football League champions. The Queen paid a second official visit to the town in summer 1961, marking the 100th anniversary of Burnley's borough status. The rest of the decade saw large-scale redevelopment in
4425-411: The town centre and had a partitioning effect on the districts of Gannow, Ightenhill , Whittlefield, Rose Grove and Lowerhouse to the north. The 1980s and 1990s saw massive expansion of Ightenhill and Whittlefield. Developers such as Bovis , Barratt and Wainhomes built large housing estates , predominantly on greenfield land . In summer 1992, the town came to national attention following rioting on
4500-430: The town itself. The remaining three – Cliviger with Worsthorne, Gawthorpe, and Hapton with Park, cover the neighbouring town of Padiham and a number of villages. Lancashire County Council is currently controlled by the Conservative Party and has been since 2017. They have had only one other term in power between 2009 – 2013, the rest of the time from 1981, the council has been under Labour control. The borough
4575-462: The town landing near the conservatory at Thompson Park on 27 October 1940. In early 1941 a network of five Starfish site bombing decoys were established in the rural areas near Burnley, designed to protect Accrington . A site was located near Crown Point in Habergham Eaves with two on Hameldon Hill , and others in Worsthorne-with-Hurstwood and near Haslingden . On 6 May 1941, a stick of eight bombs straddled houses around Rossendale Avenue on
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#17327837611034650-465: The town with the completion of Burnley Barracks in 1820. Disaster struck Burnley in 1824, when its only local bank, Holgate's Bank, collapsed, forcing the closure of some of the largest mills. This was followed by a summer drought, which caused serious problems for many of the other mills, leading to high levels of unemployment and possibly contributing to the national Panic of 1825 . By 1830, there were 32 steam engines in cotton mills throughout
4725-472: The town. Many buildings were demolished including the market hall, the cattle market, the Odeon cinema and thousands of mainly terraced houses. New construction projects included the Charter Walk shopping centre, Centenary Way and its flyover , the Keirby Hotel, a new central bus station, a large scale housing development known as Trafalgar Gardens, and a number of office blocks. The town's largest coal mine, Bank Hall Colliery , closed in April 1971 resulting in
4800-432: The town. The building of the coal-powered Electricity Works , in Grimshaw Street, began in 1891, close to the canal (the site of the modern-day Tesco supermarket) and the first supply was achieved on 22 August 1893, initially generating electricity for street lighting. The start of the 20th century saw Burnley's textile industry at the height of its prosperity. By 1901 there were 700,000 spindles and 62,000 looms at work in
4875-537: The two sections of the canal had shown that coal not limestone would be its main cargo, and that there was plenty of income available from local trade between the settlements along the route. With this in mind in the same year, the route was changed again with a further act of Parliament, the Leeds and Liverpool Canal Act 1794 ( 34 Geo. 3 . c. 94), moving closer to that proposed by Burdett. The Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal company proposed another link from Bury to Accrington. This new link would have been known as
4950-488: The two. It took 5 years to complete this work, with the embankment alone costing £22,000, about £1.55 million in 2014 (comparing the historic opportunity cost of £22,000 in 1801 with 2014). Whitworth died aged 64, on 30 March 1799 and Samuel Fletcher, previously the inspector of works took over as engineer. Once the Burnley work was completed, the canal opened to Enfield near Accrington in 1801. It would be another 9 years until it reached Blackburn only 4 miles away. Following
5025-434: The west and north respectively. It has a reputation as a regional centre of excellence for the manufacturing and aerospace industries. The town began to develop in the early medieval period as a number of farming hamlets surrounded by manor houses and royal forests , and has held a market for more than 700 years. During the Industrial Revolution it became one of Lancashire's most prominent mill towns ; at its peak, it
5100-523: The west of Burnley lie the towns of Padiham , Accrington and Blackburn , with Nelson and Colne to the north. The centre of the town stands at approximately 387 feet (118 m) above sea level and 30 miles (48 km) east of the Irish Sea coast. Areas in the town include: Burnley Wood , Rose Hill , Healey Wood, Harle Syke , Haggate , Daneshouse, Stoneyholme , Burnley Lane, Heasandford, Brunshaw, Pike Hill, Gannow, Ightenhill , Whittlefield, Rose Grove, Habergham, and Lowerhouse. Although Reedley
5175-402: Was abolished, and it was incorporated with neighbouring areas into the non-metropolitan district of Burnley . Burnley has three tiers of government: Local government responsibilities are shared by Burnley Borough Council and Lancashire County Council ; at a national level the town gives its name to a seat in the United Kingdom parliament . While the town itself is unparished, the rest of
5250-431: Was completed in 2009, joining the Leeds and Liverpool Canal with the City Centre. On 11 October 2021 the stretch between Barrowford and Blackburn was closed following a breach in the canal appearing between bridges 109 and 110. Later that month, lock numbers 73 and 80 were among 142 sites across England to receive part of a £35-million grant from the government's Culture Recovery Fund . The Leeds and Liverpool Canal
5325-420: Was held at Halsall , north of Liverpool on 5 November 1770, with the first sod being dug by the Hon. Charles Mordaunt of Halsall Hall. The first section of the canal opened from Bingley to Skipton in 1773. By 1774 the canal had been completed from Skipton to Shipley , including significant engineering features such as the Bingley Five Rise Locks , Bingley Three Rise Locks and the seven-arch aqueduct over
5400-443: Was largely rebuilt. Burnley's grammar school was founded in 1559, and moved into its own schoolhouse next to the church in 1602. Burnley began to develop in this period into a small market town , with a population of not more than 2,000 by 1790. It is known that weaving was established in the town by the middle of the 18th century, and in 1817 a new Market House was built. The town continued to be centred on St Peter's Church, until
5475-551: Was one of the world's largest producers of cotton cloth and a major centre of engineering. Burnley has retained a strong manufacturing sector, and has strong economic links with the cities of Manchester and Leeds , as well as neighbouring towns along the M65 corridor. In 2013, in recognition of its success, it received an Enterprising Britain award from the UK Government as the Most Enterprising Area in
5550-452: Was proving difficult and expensive to dig. The new route took the canal south via the expanding coal mines at Burnley , Accrington and Blackburn , but would require some sizable earthworks to pass the former. The completion in 1796 of the 1,640-yard-long (1,500-metre) Foulridge Tunnel and the flight of seven locks at Barrowford enabled the canal to open to eastern Burnley. At a cost of £40,000 (about £3.65 million in 2014). The tunnel became
5625-418: Was rejected by the Bradford committee as too expensive, mainly because of the valley crossing at Burnley . James Brindley was called in to arbitrate, and ruled in favour of Longbotham's more northerly route, though with a branch towards Wigan, a decision which caused some of the Lancashire backers to withdraw their support, and which was subsequently amended over the course of development. In 1768 Brindley gave
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