79-469: The Grand Paris Express is a project consisting of new rapid transit lines and the extension of existing lines being built in the Île-de-France region of France. The project comprises four new lines for the Paris Métro , plus extensions of the existing Lines 11 and 14 . A total of 200 kilometres (120 mi) of new tracks and 68 new stations are to be added, serving a projected 2 million passengers
158-537: A merger of Line 3bis and Line 7bis , Line 12 , as well as a new proposed Line 19 in the city's outer suburbs. Besides the Métro, central Paris and its urban area are served by five RER lines (602 km or 374 mi with 257 stations), fourteen tramway lines (186.6 km or 115.9 mi with 278 stations), nine Transilien suburban trains (1,299 km or 807 mi with 392 stations), in addition to three VAL lines at Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport , making Paris one of
237-452: A 20 meters (65 ft 7 in)-wide railroad. The last remaining hurdle was the city's concern about national interference in its urban rail system. The city commissioned renowned engineer Jean-Baptiste Berlier , who designed Paris' postal network of pneumatic tubes, to design and plan its rail system in the early 1890s. Berlier recommended a special track gauge of 1,300 mm ( 4 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 16 in ) (versus
316-648: A common designation and brand name for rapid transit systems in France and in many cities elsewhere. The Métro is operated by the Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP), a public transport authority that also operates part of the RER network, light rail lines and many bus routes. The name Métro was adopted in many languages, making it the most used word for a (generally underground) urban transit system. "Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain" may have been adapted from
395-473: A compromise with the state. On 20 April 1896, Paris adopted the Fulgence Bienvenüe project, which was to serve only the city proper of Paris. Many Parisians worried that extending lines to industrial suburbs would reduce the safety of the city. Paris forbade lines to the inner suburbs and, as a guarantee, Métro trains were to run on the right, as opposed to existing suburban lines, which ran on
474-559: A day. The new lines were originally indexed by colour (Red Line, Pink Line, Green Line, Blue Line), but this was changed in 2013 to continue the numbering convention that the RATP uses. They are therefore now known as Line 15 , Line 16 , Line 17 and Line 18 . The constructed lines are planned to open in stages, starting with the Line 14 extension in June 2024, until 2030. Since August 2013,
553-537: A large number of omnibus lines, consolidated by the French government into a regulated system with fixed and unconflicting routes and schedules. The first concrete proposal for an urban rail system in Paris was put forward by civil engineer Florence de Kérizouet. This plan called for a surface cable car system. In 1855, civil engineers Edouard Brame and Eugène Flachat proposed an underground freight urban railroad, due to
632-405: A massive impact on the Métro. Services were limited and many stations closed. The risk of bombing meant the service between Place d'Italie and Étoile was transferred from Line 5 to Line 6, so that most of the elevated portions of the Métro would be on Line 6. As a result, Lines 2 and 6 now form a circle. Most stations were too shallow to be used as bomb shelters. The French Resistance used
711-415: A month before the 2024 Summer Olympics . Line 14 was also extended south from Olympiades towards Orly Airport . The extension travels southeastward from Olympiades to Maison Blanche , interchanging with Line 7 's Villejuif branch, and opened on 24 June 2024 (again, just a month before the 2024 Summer Olympics). With both extensions complete, it is expected that Line 14 will eventually be merged into
790-468: A new underground network, whereas the Parisians favoured a new and independent network and feared national takeover of any system it built. The disagreement lasted from 1856 to 1890. Meanwhile, the population became denser and traffic congestion grew massively. The deadlock put pressure on the authorities and gave the city the green light. Prior to 1845, the urban transport network consisted primarily of
869-562: A premium paid alternative offer proposed for a faster internet connection. As of 2020, the entire RATP network was connected with 4G service, including within tunnels. The automated Line 1 , Line 4 and Line 14 – as well as some congested stations on Line 13 – have platform edge doors ('porte palière') separating the tracks from the platform. The vast majority of Métro stations are not accessible to all. The 20 stations of Line 14 (which first opened in 1998) are fully accessible, and all line extensions since 1992 have included lifts at
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#1732765968559948-569: A serious debate occurred over whether the new system should consist of elevated lines or of mostly underground lines; this debate involved numerous parties in France, including Victor Hugo , Guy de Maupassant , and the Eiffel Society of Gustave Eiffel , and continued until 1892. Eventually the underground option emerged as the preferred solution because of the high cost of buying land for rights-of-way in central Paris required for elevated lines, estimated at 70,000 francs per metre of line for
1027-653: Is a French metro and railway station in Rosny-sous-Bois , in Seine-Saint-Denis département , in Île-de-France region. It is named for and located in the Bois-Perrier district. The station is at kilometric point 11.216 of Paris–Mulhouse railway . Its altitude is 75 m. Rosny–Bois-Perrier station opened in 1971. Since 1999, it has been part of the RER network and served by trains going through
1106-463: Is a paper ticket aimed at visitors offering unlimited trips for a duration of one, two, three or five days, for zones 1–3 covering the centre of Paris, or zones 1–5 covering the whole of the network including the RER to the airports, Versailles and Disneyland Paris. A single ticket to or from Orly Airport on Métro line 14 costs €10.30. On 26 June 2012, it was announced that the Métro would get Wi-Fi in most stations. Access provided would be free, with
1185-409: Is available in paper form, or can be loaded onto a Navigo Easy pass. As of 2024, it costs €2.15 per ticket, and is also available as a pack of ten tickets (a carnet ) for €17.35 on Navigo Easy. Daily, weekly, and monthly passes are available for users of a Navigo card , an RFID -based contactless smart card . Daily tickets are also available as paper tickets until the end of 2024. Paris Visite
1264-500: Is no longer required. The standard ticket for a single trip is the Ticket t+. It is valid for a multi-transfer journey within 90 minutes from the first validation. It can be used on the Métro (excluding Orly Airport), buses and trams, and in zone 1 of the RER. It allows unlimited transfers between the same mode of transport (i.e. Métro to Métro, bus to bus and tram to tram), between bus and tram, and between Métro and RER zone 1. The ticket
1343-476: Is the fifth RER line. It terminates at Haussmann–Saint-Lazare , but a new project, financed by EPAD, the public authority managing the La Défense business district, should extend it west to La Défense–Grande Arche and the suburbs beyond. Between 2007 and November 2011, Line 1 was converted to driverless operation. The line was operated with a combination of driver-operated trains and driverless trains until
1422-514: The Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare lines at Pont Cardinet , and the final one with the RER D at Saint-Denis–Pleyel . Construction on the extension began in 2014, with an aim of completion by 2019. Completion was later pushed back to 2020 after flooding from the water table stopped the tunnel works for a year. The COVID-19 pandemic then further delayed the opening to December 2020. The extension opened on 24 June 2024, just
1501-604: The Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design from Harvard University 's Graduate School of Design in 2023. Paris M%C3%A9tro The Paris Métro ( French : Métro de Paris , [metʁo d(ə) paʁi] ), short for Métropolitain ( [metʁɔpɔlitɛ̃] ), is a rapid transit system serving the Paris metropolitan area in France. A symbol of the city, it is known for its density within
1580-515: The standard gauge of 1,435 mm or 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) to protect the system from national takeover, which inflamed the issue substantially. The issue was finally settled when the Minister of Public Works begrudgingly recognized the city's right to build a local system on 22 November 1895, and by the city's secret designing of the trains and tunnels to be too narrow for mainline trains, while adopting standard gauge as
1659-447: The "balai" (broom) because it sweeps up remaining passengers, arrives at the terminus at 1:15 a.m., except on Fridays (since 7 December 2007), Saturdays and on nights before a holiday, when the service ends at 2:15 a.m. On New Year's Eve , Fête de la Musique , Nuit Blanche and other events, some stations on Lines 1, 4, 6, 9 and 14 remain open all night. Tickets are sold at staffed counters and at automated machines in
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#17327659685591738-454: The 105.4 km (41 sq mi) of the City of Paris. Châtelet–Les Halles , with five Métro and three RER commuter rail lines, is one of the world's largest metro stations. The system generally has poor accessibility since most stations were built underground well before ease of access started being taken into consideration. The first line opened without ceremony on 19 July 1900, during
1817-625: The 2.9-metre or 9-foot-6-inch carriages in Lyon) and trains on Lines 1, 4 and 14 have capacities of 600–700 passengers; this is as compared with 2,600 on the Altéo MI 2N trains of RER A. The City of Paris deliberately chose to build narrow Métro tunnels to prevent the running of mainline trains; the city of Paris and the French state had historically poor relations. In contrast to many other historical metro systems (such as New York, Madrid, London, and Boston), all lines have tunnels and operate trains with
1896-840: The Belgian Baron Édouard Empain , won the contract; this company was then immediately reorganized as the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain . Construction began in November 1898. The first line, Porte Maillot – Porte de Vincennes , was inaugurated on 19 July 1900 during the Paris World's Fair . Entrances to stations were designed in Art Nouveau style by Hector Guimard . Eighty-six of his entrances are still in existence. Bienvenüe's project consisted of 10 lines, which correspond to current Lines 1 to 9. Construction
1975-453: The E4 branch. The building was demolished and rebuilt in 2010–2011. The counter in the building is open every day. The station is equipped with automatic ticket machines, real time traffic information systems and facilities for disabled people. Rosny-Bois Perrier is served by RER E trains coming from or bound to Villiers-sur-Marne–Le Plessis-Trévise . Trains from or bound to Tournan call at
2054-728: The Ligne de Vincennes (eastbound) with the intention of joining them and to serve multiple districts of central Paris with new underground stations. The new line created by this merger became Line A. The Ligne de Sceaux, which served the southern suburbs and was bought by the CMP in the 1930s, would be extended north to merge with a line of the SNCF and reach the new Charles de Gaulle Airport in Roissy. This became Line B . These new lines were inaugurated in 1977 and their wild success outperformed all
2133-460: The Métro's own rabbit mascot , which advises children on staying away from the closing doors. Métro is the abbreviated name of the company that originally operated most of the network: the Empain group subsidiary Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris S.A. ("Paris Metropolitan Railway Company Ltd."), shortened to "Le Métropolitain". It was quickly abbreviated to Métro , which became
2212-498: The New Grand Paris steering committee has met quarterly. The first public inquiry, focused on the southern section of Line 15 from Pont de Sèvres to Noisy–Champs , was held from October to mid-November 2013. Work on Line 15 began in 2015. Its first section between Pont de Sèvres Métro station and Noisy–Champs RER A station was scheduled at that time to open around 2020, but this has now been pushed back to 2025. This line
2291-509: The Paris Métro mostly uses two-way tunnels. As in most French métro and tramway systems, trains drive on the right ( SNCF trains run on the left track). The tracks are 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) standard gauge . Electric power is supplied by a third rail which carries 750 volts DC . The width of the carriages, 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in), is narrower than that of newer French systems (such as
2370-539: The RATP and STIF had considered the possibility of adding it later on. Line 11 was the first metro line converted to rubber-tyred pneumatic operation, and its first set of rubber-tyred rolling stock was the MP 55 , which operated from October 1956 through January 1999. They were then replaced by refurbished MP 59 stock from Line 4. The MP 55 stock consisted of 4 carriages, as did the replacement MP 59 stock. One MP 73 of line 6
2449-587: The RATP to stop extending lines and concentrate on modernisation. The MP 51 prototype was built, testing both rubber-tyred metro and basic automatic driving on the voie navette . The first replacements of the older Sprague trains began with experimental articulated trains and then with mainstream rubber-tyred Métro MP 55 and MP 59 , some of the latter still in service (Line 11). Thanks to newer trains and better signalling, trains ran more frequently. The population boomed from 1950 to 1980. Car ownership became more common and suburbs grew further from
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2528-574: The RER developed by the SNCF would never match the success of the RATP's two RER lines. In 1979, the SNCF developed Line C by joining the suburban lines of the Gare d'Austerlitz and Gare d'Orsay , the latter being converted into a museum dedicated to impressionist paintings. During the 1980s, it developed Line D , which was the second line planned by the initial RER schedule, but serving Châtelet instead of République to reduce costs. A huge Métro-RER hub
2607-512: The Rosny-sous-Bois workshop on Monday nights to be retired. Twenty new MP 14 -manual transit were deployed by summer 2023, with an additional nineteen new trains deployed in spring 2024 to serve the extension to Rosny–Bois-Perrier . The ceremonial final runs of the MP 59 took place on 23 May 2024, with #'s 6069, 6073 and 6087 being the final three to be withdrawn. [1] The automated Line 14
2686-478: The World's Fair ( Exposition Universelle ). The system expanded quickly until World War I and the core was complete by the 1920s; extensions into suburbs were built in the 1930s. The network reached saturation after World War II with new trains to allow higher traffic, but further improvements have been limited by the design of the network and, in particular, the short distances between stations. In 1998, Line 14
2765-680: The capital's territorial limits, uniform architecture and historical entrances influenced by Art Nouveau . The system is 245.6 kilometres (152.6 mi) long, mostly underground. It has 320 stations of which 61 have transfers between lines. Operated by the Régie autonome des transports parisiens ( RATP ), it has sixteen lines (with an additional four under construction ), numbered 1 to 14, with two lines, Line 3bis and Line 7bis , named because they used to be part of Line 3 and Line 7 , respectively. Three lines ( 1 , 4 and 14 ) are automated . Lines are identified on maps by number and colour, with
2844-693: The centre of Paris. The main railway stations, termini of the suburban rail lines, were overcrowded during rush hour. The short distance between Métro stations slowed the network and made it unprofitable to build extensions. The solution in the 1960s was to revive a project abandoned at the end of the 19th century : joining suburban lines to new underground portions in the city centre as the Réseau Express Régional (regional express network; RER). The RER plan initially included one east–west line and two north–south lines. RATP bought two unprofitable SNCF lines—the Ligne de Saint-Germain (westbound) and
2923-405: The cities in the world best served by public transportation. Despite the network's uniform architecture, several of its stations stand out at the hand of their unique design. The Métro itself has become an icon in popular culture, being frequently featured in cinema and mentioned in music. In 2021, the RATP started offering an umbrella lending service at several Métro and RER stations, highlighting
3002-539: The delivery of the last of its driverless MP 05 trains in February 2013. The same conversion for Line 4 was completed on 13 January 2022, with the last non-automatic train removed from that line on 17 December 2023, and RATP would now like to automate Line 13. Line 14 was automated from Day 1, as will the lines 15 to 18 which are being built as part of the Grand Paris Express . Several extensions to
3081-399: The difficult and heterogeneous soils and rocks. Line 1 and Line 4 were conceived as central east–west and north–south lines. Two lines, ligne 2 Nord (Line 2 North) and ligne 2 Sud (Line 2 South), were also planned but Line 2 South was merged with Line 5 in 1906. Line 3 was an additional east–west line to the north of line 1 and line 5 an additional north to south line to
3160-512: The direction of travel indicated by the terminus. It is the second-busiest metro system in Europe , after the Moscow Metro , as well as the tenth-busiest in the world. It carried 1.498 billion passengers in 2019, roughly 4.1 million passengers a day, which makes it the most used public transport system in Paris. It is one of the densest metro systems in the world, with 244 stations within
3239-560: The east of Line 4. Line 6 would run from Nation to Place d'Italie . Lines 7 , 8 and 9 would connect commercial and office districts around the Opéra to residential areas in the north-east and the south-west. Bienvenüe also planned a circular line, the ligne circulaire intérieure , to connect the six mainline stations. A section opened in 1923 between Invalides and the Boulevard Saint-Germain before
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3318-450: The greater Paris area. The Métro is mostly underground (225.2 km or 139.9 mi of 245.6 km or 152.6 mi). Above-ground sections consist of elevated railway viaducts within Paris (on Lines 1, 2, 5 and 6) and the at-level suburban ends of Lines 1, 5, 8, and 13. The tunnels are relatively close to the surface due to the variable nature of the terrain, which complicates deep digging; exceptions include parts of Line 12 under
3397-598: The high rate of accidents on surface rail lines. On 19 November 1871 the General Council of the Seine commissioned a team of 40 engineers to plan an urban rail network. This team proposed a network with a pattern of routes "resembling a cross enclosed in a circle" with axial routes following large boulevards. On 11 May 1872 the Council endorsed the plan, but the French government turned down the plan. After this point,
3476-448: The high-quality decoration of its stations, the trains' extreme comfort and pretty lighting. Nord-Sud did not become profitable and bankruptcy became unavoidable. By the end of 1930, the CMP bought Nord-Sud. Line A became Line 12 and Line B Line 13 . Line C was built and renamed Line 14 ; that line was reorganised in 1937 with Lines 8 and 10. This partial line is now the south part of Line 13. The last Nord-Sud train set
3555-542: The hill of Montmartre and line 2 under Ménilmontant . The tunnels mostly follow the twists and turns of the streets above. During construction in 1900, a minimum radius of curvature of just 75 metres (246 ft) was imposed, but even this low standard was not adhered to at Bastille and Notre-Dame-de-Lorette . Like the New York City Subway , and in contrast with the London Underground ,
3634-461: The inner suburbs of Boulogne . The line C planned by Nord-Sud between Montparnasse station and Porte de Vanves was built as Line 14 (different from present Line 14 ). It extended north in encompassing the already-built portion between Invalides and Duroc, initially planned as part of the inner circular. The over-busy Belleville funicular tramway would be replaced by a new line, Line 11 , extended to Châtelet . Lines 10, 11 and 14 were thus
3713-527: The left. Unlike many other subway systems (such as that of London), this system was designed from the outset as a system of (initially) nine lines. Such a large project required a private-public arrangement right from the outset – the city would build most of the permanent way, while a private concessionaire company would supply the trains and power stations, and lease the system (each line separately, for initially 39-year leases). In July 1897, six bidders competed, and The Compagnie Generale de Traction, owned by
3792-519: The line 15 project: The proposed rolling stock for line 15 is a new automated design, using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and overhead electrification, with a width of 2.80 metres (9 ft 2 in). Alstom has been chosen to build these trains. The names of the trains are the Alstom Metropolis MR3V/MR6V (MR6V (6-car variant for line 15) and MR3V (3-car variant for lines 16 and 17)). The specifications of
3871-439: The line acquired its current line 15 naming. Line 15 is planned to open in phases from 2025 through 2030. It will create a loop connecting Noisy–Champs to Champigny, passing through Champigny-sur-Marne , Créteil , Villejuif , La Défense , Saint-Denis and Rosny-sous-Bois . On 22 February 2018, a new timeline is announced by Prime minister Édouard Philippe : In 2013, the government led by Ayrault proposed this timeline for
3950-602: The line is the Alstom Metropolis MR3V (3-car variant) [2] Line 18 is planned to open in phases between 2026 and 2030. The proposed rolling stock for line 18 is the MRV (Matériel Roulant Voyageurs), a new automated design with a width of 2.45 metres (8 ft 0 in), using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and third rail electrification. Alstom has been chosen to build these trains. The Grand Paris Express development has received
4029-471: The most optimistic forecasts to the extent that line A is the most used urban rail line in Europe with nearly 300 million journeys a year. Because of the enormous cost of these two lines, the third planned line was abandoned and the authorities decided that later developments of the RER network would be more cheaply developed by the SNCF, alongside its continued management of other suburban lines. However,
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#17327659685594108-477: The name of London's pioneering underground railway company, the Metropolitan Railway , which had been in business for almost 40 years prior to the inauguration of Paris's first line. By 1845, Paris and the railway companies were already thinking about an urban railway system to link inner districts of the city. The railway companies and the French government wanted to extend mainline railways into
4187-438: The network would cost between 4 and 6 billion euros, and that certain stations would remain impossible to retrofit. As of 2022 , there were no plans to retrofit existing stations with lifts. RATP notes that buses and trams in Paris are fully accessible, and many RER & Transilien stations are accessible. Rosny%E2%80%93Bois-Perrier station Rosny–Bois-Perrier station ( French : Gare de Rosny–Bois-Perrier )
4266-426: The new stations. By 2025, 23 stations on the Métro will be accessible, following extensions to existing lines. The four new lines of the Grand Paris Express will also be fully accessible from day 1. The Law on Equal Rights and Opportunities, Participation and Citizenship of Persons with Disabilities of 2005 [ fr ] does not require the Métro to be made accessible. RATP estimates that retrofitting
4345-464: The only two on the network to be split in branches. The RATP would like to get rid of those saturated branches in order to improve the network's efficiency. A project existed to attribute to line 14 one branch of each line, and to extend them further into the suburbs. This project was abandoned. In 1999, the RER Line E was inaugurated. Known during its conception as Eole (Est-Ouest Liaison Express), it
4424-650: The plan was abandoned. On 31 January 1904, a second concession was granted to the Société du chemin de fer électrique souterrain Nord-Sud de Paris (Paris North-South underground electrical railway company), abbreviated to the Nord-Sud (North-South) company. It was responsible for building three proposed lines: Line A was inaugurated on 4 November 1910, after being postponed because of floods in January that year. Line B
4503-552: The proposed Grand Paris Express system. In February 2012 the STIF announced that with the two extensions planned, the brand new MP 14 class of rolling stock would replace the MP89 CA and MP 05 stock on Line 14 starting from 2020. This new stock is in eight-car train formations, longer than previously employed anywhere on the Paris Métro but which the length of all Line 14 stations was planned for. The previous MP 89 CA and MP 05 stock
4582-481: The same dimensions. Five Paris Métro Lines (1, 4, 6, 11 and 14) run on a rubber tire system developed by the RATP in the 1950s, exported to the Montreal , Santiago , Mexico City and Lausanne metro. The number of cars in each train varies line by line. The shortest are lines 3bis and 7bis with three-car trains. Line 11 ran with four until the summer 2023 when four-car MP 59 trains, the oldest type in service at
4661-405: The station foyer. Entrance to platforms is by automated gate, opened by smart cards and paper tickets. Gates return tickets for passengers to retain for the duration of the journey. There is normally no system to collect or check tickets at the end of the journey, and tickets can be inspected at any point. The exit from all stations is clearly marked as to the point beyond which possession of a ticket
4740-525: The stations are very close: 548 metres (1,798 ft) apart on average, from 424 metres (1,391 ft) on Line 4 to 1,158 metres (3,799 ft) on the newer line 14, meaning Paris is densely networked with stations. The surrounding suburbs are served by later line extensions, thus traffic from one suburb to another must pass through the city (the circular line 15 , now under construction, will enable some journeys that do not need to pass through Paris). The slow average speed effectively prohibits service to
4819-470: The suburbs opened in the last years. Line 8 was extended to Pointe du Lac in 2011, line 12 was extended to Aubervilliers in 2012, line 4 was extended to Mairie de Montrouge in 2013, Line 14 was extended by 5.8 km (3.6 mi) to Mairie de Saint-Ouen in December 2020, and Line 4 was extended to Bagneux in January 2022. Since the Métro was built to comprehensively serve the city inside its walls,
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#17327659685594898-611: The suburbs, bypassing central Paris. The configuration of the line is very similar to that of the Arc Express , proposed by the RATP in 2006. It was later included in the red line project of the Grand Paris public transportation network, introduced by French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2009. In March 2013, the "New Grand Paris" project was announced by the Prime Minister at the time, Jean-Marc Ayrault . At this time,
4977-424: The suburbs. The new Line 13 was inaugurated on 9 November 1976. In October 1998, Line 14 was inaugurated. It was the first fully new Métro line in 63 years. Known during its conception as Météor (Métro Est-Ouest Rapide), it was the first of the now three fully automatic lines within the network, along with Line 1 and Line 4. It was the first with platform screen doors to prevent suicides and accidents. It
5056-639: The three new lines envisaged under this plan. Most lines would be extended to the inner suburbs. The first to leave the city proper was Line 9, extended in 1934 to Boulogne-Billancourt ; more followed in the 1930s. World War II forced authorities to abandon projects such as the extension of Line 4 and Line 12 to the northern suburbs. By 1949, eight lines had been extended: Line 1 to Neuilly-sur-Seine and Vincennes , Line 3 to Levallois-Perret , Line 5 to Pantin , Line 7 to Ivry-sur-Seine , Line 8 to Charenton , Line 9 to Boulogne-Billancourt, Line 11 to Les Lilas and Line 12 to Issy-les-Moulineaux . World War II had
5135-616: The time, were gradually replaced by new five-car MP 14 trains (at a pace of 3 to 5 new MP 14 every Monday). Lines 1 and 4 run six-car trains. Line 14 currently runs a mix of six and 8-car trains; in the future it will only run 8 cars. All other lines run with five. Two lines, 7 and 13, have branches at the end, and Line 10 has a one-way loop. Trains serve every station on each line except when they are closed for renovations. [REDACTED] The first train leaves each terminus at 5:30 a.m. On some lines additional trains start from an intermediate station. The last train, often called
5214-421: The trains travelling line 15 and their operation are as follows: Line 16 is planned to open in between 2026 and 2028. Line 17 is planned to open in phases between 2026 and 2030. The proposed rolling stock for lines 16 and 17 is a new automated design with a width of 2.80 metres (9 ft 2 in), using conventional steel wheel on steel rail technology and overhead electrification. The rolling stocks for
5293-481: The tunnels to conduct swift assaults throughout Paris. It took a long time to recover after liberation in 1944. Many stations had not reopened by the 1960s and some closed for good. On 23 March 1948, the CMP (the underground) and the STCRP (bus and tramways) merged to form the RATP , which still operates the Métro. The network grew saturated during the 1950s. Outdated technology limited the number of trains, which led
5372-419: Was adopted during the 2007 review of the Île-de-France Transportation Plan. Work on the extension to Rosny – Bois-Perrier started in 2015 and opened on 13 June 2024. It provides connections with the RER E and an eventual extension of Île-de-France tramway Line 1 , which better links central Paris with the commuter hub of Châtelet–Les Halles . A revised plan for the proposed Grand Paris Express subway system
5451-442: Was conceived with extensions to the suburbs in mind, similar to the extensions of the line 13 built during the 1970s. As a result, most of the stations are at least a kilometre apart. Like the RER lines designed by the RATP, nearly all stations offer connections with multiple Métro lines. The line initially ran between Saint-Lazare and Olympiades and was subsequently extended north to Mairie de St.Ouen in 2020. Lines 13 and 7 are
5530-418: Was created at Châtelet–Les Halles , becoming one of the world's largest underground stations. The same project of the 1960s also decided to merge Line 13 and Line 14 to create a quick connection between Saint-Lazare and Montparnasse as a new north–south line. Distances between stations on the lengthened line 13 differ from that on other lines in order to make it more "express" and hence to extend it farther in
5609-425: Was decommissioned on 15 May 1972. Bienvenüe's project was nearly completed during the 1920s. Paris planned three new lines and extensions of most lines to the inner suburbs, despite the reluctance of Parisians. Bienvenüe's inner circular line having been abandoned, the already-built portion between Duroc and Odéon for the creation of a new east–west line that became Line 10 , extended west to Porte de Saint-Cloud and
5688-586: Was extended north from Saint-Lazare to Mairie de Saint-Ouen , with the primary aim of reducing overcrowding on Line 13 . The adopted solution connects both branches of Line 13 to Line 14, with stations at Porte de Clichy on the Asnières – Gennevilliers branch and Mairie de Saint-Ouen on the Saint-Denis branch. An additional station connects with the Saint-Ouen RER C station, and another with
5767-549: Was first proposed in the Orbival project, then integrated into the Arc Express . To ensure better commuter service to the inner northeastern suburbs, a six-station, 5.4-kilometre (3.4 mi) eastern extension of Line 11, not considered part of the Grand Paris Express project, opened from Mairie des Lilas to Rosny-sous-Bois . The scheme was initially lobbied for by the local authorities of these suburbs, and
5846-689: Was in service on the 11 as well. Île-de-France Mobilités planned to replace the aging fleet of Line 11 with MP 14 series trains around the time of the opening of the extension to Rosny-sous-Bois . The new trains are driver-operated as the MP 59 fleet was, but they are 5 cars long and have open gangways. An initial 20 trains were ordered in February 2018, with an additional 19 trains ordered in July 2021. Production began in late 2020, and testing in summer 2021. The first new MP 14 CC (manual transit) were deployed in June 2023, with four new trains entering service each Tuesday to replace four MP 59 transferred to
5925-404: Was inaugurated on 26 February 1911. Because of the high construction costs, the construction of line C was postponed. Nord-Sud and CMP used compatible trains that could be used on both networks, but CMP trains used 600 volts third rail, and NS −600 volts overhead wire and +600 volts third rail. This was necessary because of steep gradients on NS lines. NS distinguished itself from its competitor with
6004-412: Was put into service to relieve RER A . Line 11 reaching Rosny–Bois-Perrier in 2024 is the network's most recent extension. A large expansion programme known as the Grand Paris Express (GPE) is currently under construction with four new orbital Métro lines ( 15 , 16 , 17 and 18 ) around the Île-de-France region, outside the Paris city limits. Further plans exist for Line 1 , Line 7 , Line 10 ,
6083-422: Was so intense that by 1920, despite a few changes from schedule, most lines had been completed. The shield method of construction was rejected in favor of the cut-and-cover method in order to speed up work. Bienvenüe, a highly regarded engineer, designed a special procedure of building the tunnels to allow the swift repaving of roads, and is credited with a largely swift and relatively uneventful construction through
6162-443: Was then reassigned to the newly automated line 4, alongside some 6-car MP 14s. They replaced its manually driven MP 89 CC rolling stock, which was refurbished before going to line 6 to replace the aging MP 73 rolling stock. Line 15 will be a high-capacity underground rail line, providing a new ring line around Paris in the departments of Hauts-de-Seine , Val-de-Marne and Seine-Saint-Denis . It will enable direct journeys between
6241-463: Was unveiled on 6 March 2013, and calls for a second extension of Line 11 to be built towards Noisy–Champs , this second extension being considered part of the Grand Paris Express project. The target opening date is 2030, but might be pushed back. Should the second extension be built, Line 11 will eventually be fully automated. Automatic train operation was not implemented with the Rosny extension, although
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