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43-650: Grand Ronde or Grande Ronde may refer to: Grand Ronde, Oregon , a place in Oregon, U.S. Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon , a group of twenty-seven Native American tribes Grand Ronde Community , an Indian reservation in Oregon, U.S. Grande Ronde River , Oregon, U.S. Grande Ronde Valley Grande Ronde Hospital , in La Grande, Oregon, U.S. Grande Ronde basalt ,

86-797: A Round Dance. The community has an 11,288-acre (46 km ) Indian reservation , the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation , located in Yamhill and Polk counties of Oregon. In the 2000s, the tribe's population was more than 5,500 members. The Tribes employ around 1,600 people. Since 1996, the tribes have generated most of their income by operating the Spirit Mountain Casino in Grand Ronde, between Lincoln City and Salem . The most successful casino in Oregon, it attracts considerable tourist traffic from

129-834: A hotel. A spur of the railroad headed south out of the town across Rock Creek and into the coastal range. Electricity was brought to the town in 1922 according to the Lumber World Review, Volume 42, published in January 1922. The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community own and operate Spirit Mountain Casino , which is a major local employer. In 1997, the casino created the Spirit Mountain Community Fund, which supports several charities both within Polk County and throughout Oregon from

172-645: A member of the Columbia River basalt group Grande Ronde Aquifer See also [ edit ] Grand Rounds (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Grand Ronde . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Ronde&oldid=1055491717 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

215-571: A member of the tribe has an estimated financial benefit of between $ 5500 and $ 7000 per year when such things as housing benefits, student scholarships and per capita payouts from casino revenue are added up; however, that does not include health care or elder pension. Created by the Tribal Constitution, the Grand Ronde Tribal Council was set up to be the tribe's primary governing and legislative body. The council

258-462: A monthly newsletter, in 1978; it has since shifted to a semi-monthly publication schedule, and a tabloid newspaper format. The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde has a curriculum specialist who created tribal history lessons funded in part by Oregon Senate Bill 13, which supplies funds for each of the nine federally recognized tribes in Oregon to create curriculum about Native Americans' contributions to Oregon history. A Chinuk Wawa immersion program

301-484: Is available for kindergarteners and first graders. The tribe published Chinuk Wawa: As our elders teach us to Speak It , a Chinuk Wawa dictionary, in 2012. In 2010, the tribe built a plank house on the reservation. In 2011, Grand Ronde Canoe Journey , an exhibit about the tribe's canoe traditions, was installed at the Willamette Heritage Center . Every year the reservation hosts powwows and

344-977: Is considered to be in Eco Sub-Region 3c by data published by Oregon State University and is described as "The nearly level to undulating Prairie Terraces ecoregion includes all of the terraces of the Willamette River upstream of the Portland/Vancouver Basin (3a). Ecoregion 3c is drained by low-gradient, meandering streams and rivers. Its broad fluvial terraces once supported oak savanna and prairies that were maintained by burning; wetter areas supported Oregon ash and black cottonwood. Today, only relict native prairie remains. The poorly drained soils derived from glacio-lacustrine deposits are extensively farmed for grass seed and small grains. Grasses tolerate poor drainage and poor rooting conditions better than other crops. In addition to agriculture,

387-459: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Grand Ronde, Oregon Grand Ronde is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Polk and Yamhill counties, Oregon , United States. Historically noted as a village in Polk County, the sphere of influence and community is in both Polk and Yamhill counties. The name of

430-536: Is made up of nine standing members. Each member is meant to serve a three-year term with three council seats up for re-election every year and no restrictions for how many terms a council member can serve. To qualify for a position as a council member, a person simply needs to be 18 years or older and be an enrolled member of the Tribe according to the Tribal Constitution. To vote for council members, confirmed tribal members mail in ballots with verified signatures on file with

473-690: Is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area . On January 4, 1855, a treaty between the various bands of Kalapuyans and Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs Joel Palmer was effected, calling for the various bands to remove to a reservation to be established by the government. For this purpose the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation was opened on June 30, 1857, covering 60,000 acres in northwest Polk and southwest Yamhill counties. A census conducted in 1870 reported only 47 Yamels and 36 Luckiamutes on

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516-592: The Dawes Act . In 1921, International Harvester laid out a town site. In 1922 the company built nine miles of track from Willamina to Grand Ronde, calling it the Willamina and Grand Ronde Railroad. The short railroad connected the area with the Southern Pacific railroad at Willamina. The railroad helped the timber industry to flourish and made it possible for lumber mills to grow and dominate the economy of

559-678: The census of 2010, there were 1,661 people in 658 households residing in Grand Ronde As of the census of 2000, there were 271 people, 113 households, and 61 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 413.8 people per square mile (159.8 people/km ). There were 140 housing units at an average density of 213.8 per square mile (82.5/km ). The racial makeup of the CDP was 67.16% White , 25.83% Native American , 2.95% Asian , 0.37% from other races , and 3.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of

602-748: The 1970s, Grand Ronde elders began teaching Chinook Jargon language classes in the community. In 1983, the Confederated tribes of Grand Ronde regained federal recognition as a sovereign tribe. As part of restoration, they established a formal language program for children, which they could support through revenues generated from gaming. They renamed Chinook Jargon as Chinuk Wawa (Talking Chinuk). The Grand Ronde tribe's immersion language program has produced native speakers, joining another half-dozen Native language immersion programs in such success. This program begins in preschool classes (Lilu) and continues into Kindergarten. The language program officials plan to expand

645-557: The Grand Ronde reservation are: From 1854 to 1856, the U.S. Army resettled Native people from western Oregon, the Oregon coast, and along the Columbia River to territory along the South Yamhill River. It was here that the Grand Ronde Reservation was established in 1857. In 1887, with the passage of the Dawes Act , the Grand Ronde Reservation was reduced through the privatization of property. Land that

688-454: The Grand Ronde reservation, established by this treaty. "The Chief Tumulth descendants were classified as "provisionally dis-enrolled" Grand Ronde members in July 2014, which stripped them of almost all their tribal rights, including voting rights in the Grand Ronde elections. A three-judge Tribal Court of Appeals panel restored the 66 descendants as full tribal members." But, based on tribal law,

731-519: The Museum, by the Grand Ronde for religious, historical, and cultural purposes while maintaining its continued presence at the Museum for scientific and educational purposes. The agreement recognizes the Museum's tradition of displaying and studying the Meteorite for almost a century, while also enabling the Grand Ronde to re-establish its relationship with the Meteorite with an annual ceremonial visit to

774-599: The Prairie Terraces also experience the bulk of urban expansion" The overall climate of Grand Ronde can be considered a temperate climate. This is characteristic of areas with wet, mild winters and warm, dry summers. Grand Ronde is located in the Oregon Coast Range , which is one of the wettest places in the contiguous United States. Precipitation data has been gathered in Grand Ronde sporadically since 1910 and continuously since 1948. That data shows

817-741: The Tribal Election Board, and the forty-five days preceding the September General Council meeting is when the elections are officially held. As a result of political conflict, in 2014 the tribal council voted to disenroll en masse 66 living descendants and six deceased descendants of the 19th-century Chief Tumulth. Chief Tumulth of the Cascade Band of Chinuk had signed the 1855 treaty with the United States that ceded tribal land and agreed to relocation to

860-402: The area. Grand Ronde became the center of support services for mill workers and a train depot, store, hotel, movie theater, diner, gas station, bank, post office, church, and a small residential area were built. The Spaulding-Miami Lumber Company created and owned the town proper in the early 1920s as part of its logging operations. A rail line and several related buildings were built as well as

903-553: The average annual precipitation from 1971 to 2000 to be 101.01 inches (2,566 mm). In contrast, rainfall in Willamina , approximately 7 miles (11 km) away, is 50.90 inches (1,293 mm). Additionally, precipitation at Laurel Mountain , located about 9 miles (14 km) to the southeast and further up in the Oregon Coast Range, comes down at an average rate of 121.48 inches (3,086 mm) per year. As of

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946-402: The average family size was 3.07. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.5 males. The median income for a household in the CDP

989-648: The casino's gambling revenue. In January 2010, the CDP was expanded to include areas located inside Yamhill County. There was quite a bit of communication about the name of the town going back and forth between the Oregon Geographic Board and the United States Geographic Board starting in 1919. Initially, the State was calling for the town to be officially named "Grande Ronde" using the typical French spelling, (possibly due to

1032-633: The coastal beaches and resorts. Six percent of the casino's profits goes to the Tribes' Spirit Mountain Community Fund, which supports and funds various organizations in the following 11 western Oregon area counties: Benton, Clackamas, Lane, Lincoln, Linn, Marion, Multnomah, Polk, Tillamook, Washington, and Yamhill. By 2017, the Spirit Mountain Community Fund had given more than $ 75 million to non-profit organizations, making it Oregon's eighth largest charitable foundation. They also earn revenue from

1075-482: The community is a variation of the French Grande Ronde or "Grand Round" which could be about the large round-up of Native American peoples in the area who were settled on what was known as the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation, or possibly referencing the shape of the valley in which the community is located. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,661 people in 658 households residing in Grand Ronde. It

1118-562: The court could not restore membership to six members, who were posthumously dis-enrolled in 2014. The law prohibits heirs and descendants from challenging such action. Attorney Gabriel Galanda defended the Tumulth descendants and has strongly opposed such "politically motivated" dis-enrollment. Russell Wilkinson, a spokesperson for the descendants, said that such dis-enrollment was a self-destructive practice of tribes. Tribal council elections were scheduled for September 10, 2016. In August 2016

1161-577: The history of French Canadian fur trapping in the area via the Hudson Bay Company), though through research and correspondence lasting into the early 1940s, the name as spelled currently, "Grand Ronde", was made official. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km ), all of it land. The community is located 344 feet (105 m) above sea-level. This area

1204-481: The immersion program to a pre-8 grade program, and offer classes for adults. This will create speakers of the language to help the language survive in perpetuity. The elected tribal council sets the rules for membership. Generally, membership requires direct descent from a person listed on the rolls at particular times and a percentage of Native American ancestry from among the tribes in the Confederation. Being

1247-449: The issue by supporting certain candidates in the 2006 primary races for Governor of Oregon. Historically the tribe had people speaking 27 distinct languages. Numerous members of these tribes could speak more than one language due to their proximity and trading relationships. The Oregon Territory was one of the most linguistically diverse regions in the world. On the reservation, most Native Americans began communicating using Chinook Jargon,

1290-775: The late 20th century to repatriate the meteorite to Oregon were not successful, but the CTGR (successor to the Clackamas, one of the confederation) reached a historic agreement in June 2000 with the American Museum of Natural History. The tribe can have periodic access to Tomanowos for religious and cultural purposes. They perform rites and ceremonies related to their belief in the Tomanowos' role in their sacred history. The American Museum of Natural History of New York City bought

1333-490: The late 20th century, the tribe attempted to repatriate Tomanowos under NAGPRA, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990. The museum argued in federal district court in 2000 that the law applied to ceremonial objects made by the tribes, not to objects such as the meteorite, which occurred naturally and may be revered by peoples. It sued to be named as official owner of

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1376-557: The management of their timber resources. They have developed "other tribal enterprises in construction and environmental management, real estate investment and inventory logistics services." In the 21st century, the Grand Ronde tribes have opposed the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs ' plans to build an off-reservation casino in Cascade Locks, Oregon . They spent more than $ 800,000 trying to influence decisions on

1419-594: The meteorite in 1906 from the Oregon Iron and Steel Company, which at the time owned the land on which it was found. This land was historically occupied by the Clackamas prior to European-American immigration. The museum has displayed the meteorite since then, known as the largest found in North America. Since 1999, it has been featured at the new addition known as the Rose Center for Earth and Space . In

1462-542: The meteorite. The museum and CTGR tribe reached an agreement in June 2000 to share custody of the meteorite to preserve it for both religious and scientific purposes. The American Museum of Natural History and the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon today signed a historic agreement that ensures access to the Willamette Meteorite, a world famous scientific specimen at

1505-406: The population. There were 113 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.0% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and

1548-516: The reservation occupies parts of Yamhill and Polk counties. Because the tribes had lived near each other, and often spoke more than one language for use in trading, after they were grouped in the 19th century on the reservation, they refined a creole language that became known as Chinook Wawa . Although long forced to speak English , the people are working to conserve this Native language. They have taught Native speakers through immersion programs for young children. The tribes who were removed to

1591-461: The reservation was closed and the tribal council disbanded. In 1975, the tribal council was reconstituted. In 1983, House Resolution 3885 restored federal recognition status to the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde. Five years after this resolution, a small portion of the original reservation was returned to Grand Ronde which is used today for timber, recreation, and traditional harvesting practices. The tribes began publishing Smoke Signals , then

1634-760: The reservation; in 1910 the Yamels numbered five, the Luckiamutes, eight. By the end of the historic period, the Kalapuyan people no longer existed as a distinct cultural-racial entity. According to a Cultural Resources Report from the Oregon Department of Transportation, the town of Grand Ronde began as "New Grand Ronde" in about 1908 when the first large groups of Indians were leaving the Reservation and establishing their own farms and ranches under

1677-736: The trade language that had developed earlier. The Chinook Jargon was widely spoken throughout the Northwest between tribes and newcomers to the region. At Grand Ronde reservation, Chinook Jargon developed as a creole language , and was the first language in most native homes. Tribal members continued to use this language, even as their children were educated in English and through the termination era (1954-1983). During this period, children were being sent to Indian boarding schools and forced to learn English; all individual tribal languages at Grand Ronde became extinct as their last native speakers died. In

1720-424: The tribal Court of Appeals (en banc) overturned the tribe's mass dis-enrollment in 2014 of 66 living descendants of Chief Tumulth of the watlala Band of Chinuk, who had signed the 1855 treaty with the United States by which his tribe ceded communal land and agreed to the Grand Ronde reservation. This was the first such action by a tribal court overturning dis-enrollment of members by a tribe. Since 2000, members of

1763-537: The tribe travel to New York City annually in July to see Tomanowos , also known as the Willamette Meteorite . This meteorite was taken from Oregon years ago and has been displayed at American Museum of Natural History as a natural curiosity. The Clackamas people , one of the Grand Ronde tribes, perceive this 15-ton meteorite as a sacred Sky Person who fell to earth thousands of years ago and helped create their people and their world. Efforts since

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1806-530: Was $ 23,929, and the median income for a family was $ 20,139. Males had a median income of $ 19,722 versus $ 21,583 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 13,538. None of the families and 19.1% of the population were living below the poverty line . Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community The community has an 11,288-acre (45.7 km ) Indian reservation , the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation . Established in 1856,

1849-584: Was not allotted to Natives through the process of privatization was made available to non-Native ownership. In 1936, Grand Ronde voted to confederate, accept an Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) government, and adopted a constitution and by-laws modeled after the U.S. government. In 1954, US Congress "terminated" the tribe. The land of terminated tribes was no longer tax-exempt. Faced with the increased cost of land ownership, many lost their property. In addition, people from terminated tribes could no longer attend Chemawa School and had to pay for medical services. In 1956

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