94-555: The Greater Sudbury Public Library is a public library system in Greater Sudbury , Ontario , Canada. The library system has 13 branches throughout the city. The main branch is called "Mackenzie" and it is located on Mackenzie Street in the downtown core. Additional branches are located in the communities of Azilda , Capreol , Chelmsford , Coniston , Copper Cliff , Dowling , Garson , Hanmer , Lively , Lo-Ellen , New Sudbury , and Onaping . A non-lending reference branch
188-455: A canoeing club, a hapkido club, a running club and a boxing club. Once a busy and important river port the last industrial building on the riverside in Sudbury has been converted into the town's Quay Theatre . The River Stour Trust, formed in 1968, has its headquarters in Sudbury, and a purpose built visitor centre located at Cornard Lock. The trust operates electric-powered boats from
282-592: A market town where the local people came to barter their goods. The market was established in 1009. During this period the town was surrounded by a defensive ditch and a diverted section of the River Stour . The Church of All Saints was established in the 12th century before being bought by Adam the Monk, who then passed the church and its lands to the Abbey of St Albans . St Bartholemew's Benedictine Priory and
376-509: A mission called Sainte-Anne-des-Pins, just before the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1883. The Sainte-Anne-des-Pins church played a prominent role in the development of Franco-Ontarian culture in the region. Coincidentally, Ste-Anne is the patron saint of miners. During construction of the railway in 1883, blasting and excavation revealed high concentrations of nickel - copper ore at Murray Mine on
470-524: A Thursday. The Sudbury Mercury , again owned by Archant, is delivered free to households, and the Suffolk Free Press , owned by Iliffe Media, is sold in shops around south Suffolk and north Essex. The town's main football club, A.F.C. Sudbury , was formed on 1 June 1999 by the amalgamation of two existing clubs, Sudbury Town (founded 1885) and Sudbury Wanderers (founded 1958). Three times FA Vase finalists, they are currently members of
564-556: A large geological structure known as the Sudbury Basin , which are the remnants of a nearly two billion-year-old impact crater ; long thought to be the result of a meteorite collision, more recent analysis has suggested that the crater may in fact have been created by a comet . Sudbury's pentlandite , pyrite and pyrrhotite ores contain profitable amounts of many elements—primarily nickel and copper, but also platinum, palladium and other valuable metals. Local smelting of
658-416: A managed natural habitat for birds, and a hiking and nature trail near Coniston , which is named in honour of scientist Jane Goodall . Six provincial parks ( Chiniguchi River , Daisy Lake Uplands , Fairbank , Killarney Lakelands and Headwaters , Wanapitei and Windy Lake ) and two provincial conservation reserves (MacLennan Esker Forest and Tilton Forest) are also located partially or entirely within
752-491: A market town with a twice-weekly market in the town centre in front of St Peter's Church , which is now a cultural venue for events such as concerts and exhibitions. In sport, the town has a semi-professional football club, A.F.C. Sudbury , which competes at the seventh level of the football pyramid. It is home to the Gainsborough's House museum, celebrating the work of the artist. Sudbury's history dates back into
846-495: A much more modest effect on the city's economy than the earlier action—unlike in 1978, the local rate of unemployment declined slightly during the 2009 strike. The ecology of the Sudbury region has recovered dramatically, helped by regreening programs and improved mining practices. The United Nations honoured twelve cities in the world, including Sudbury, with the Local Government Honours Award at
940-481: A production of Shakespeare 's Romeo and Juliet . Place des Arts , a new project to provide a community hub for the city's francophone cultural institutions including a 300-seat concert hall, a 120-seat theatre studio, an art gallery, a bistro, a gift boutique and bookstore, a children's arts center and 10,000 square feet of studio space for artists, began construction in the downtown core in 2019, and opened in 2022. Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival ,
1034-474: A professional artist named Phil Brinkman, who was taken into the squadron by its commander, Capt. Howell, specifically for the purpose of painting the bombers. Now most of the airfield buildings have been demolished, including the control tower. Sections of perimeter track, aircraft hard stand areas, and two narrow crossing lengths of former runways provide footpaths between Chilton, Newmans Green and Great Waldingfield. A number of pillboxes were constructed along
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#17327810554961128-478: A program of musical performance with the creation of both murals and installation art projects throughout the downtown core, while PlaySmelter, a theatre festival devoted to theatrical and storytelling performances by local writers and actors, was launched in 2013, and is held at various venues in the city including the Sudbury Theatre Centre and Place des Arts. In music, the city is home to
1222-715: Is also fictionalized as "Chinookville" in several books by American comedy writer Jack Douglas , and as "Complexity" in Tomson Highway 's musical play The (Post) Mistress . Noted writers who have lived in Sudbury include playwrights Jean-Marc Dalpé, Sandra Shamas and Brigitte Haentjens , poets Robert Dickson , Roger Nash , Gregory Scofield and Margaret Christakos , fiction writers Kelley Armstrong , Sean Costello , Sarah Selecky , Matthew Heiti and Jeffrey Round , poet Patrice Desbiens , journalist Mick Lowe and academics Richard E. Bennett , Michel Bock , Rand Dyck , Graeme S. Mount and Gary Kinsman . In 2010,
1316-559: Is also home to a large Franco-Ontarian population, which influences its arts and culture. James Worthington, the superintendent of construction on the Northern Ontario segment of the railway, selected the name Sudbury after Sudbury, Suffolk , in England, which was the hometown of his wife Caroline Hitchcock. The city's official name was changed to Greater Sudbury in 2001, when it was amalgamated with its suburban towns into
1410-632: Is celebrated with the Franco-Ontarian flag , recognized by the province as an official emblem, which was created in 1975 by a group of teachers at Laurentian University and after some controversy has flown at Tom Davies Square since 2006. The large francophone community plays a central role in developing and maintaining many of the cultural institutions of Sudbury including the Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario , La Nuit sur l'étang , La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario , Le Centre franco-ontarien de folklore and
1504-587: Is currently in the delivery phase of a major regeneration project to conserve and refurbish the building, led by The Churches Conservation Trust . Valley Walk cycle route and footpath, starts at the Sudbury water meadows and continues along the disused railway track, finishing close to Long Melford Country Park, and then connects to Melford Walk. Commencing in 2006 the town has hosted the charity fundraising pop music festival, Leestock . Children's author Dodie Smith lived near to Sudbury, and part of her famous novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians , which inspired
1598-686: Is divided between the federal electoral districts of Sudbury and Nickel Belt in the House of Commons of Canada , and the provincial electoral districts of Sudbury and Nickel Belt in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario . The federal and provincial districts do not have identical boundaries despite using the same names; most notably, the Walden district of the city is located in Sudbury federally but in Nickel Belt provincially. The city
1692-710: Is home to an IMAX theatre which screens a program of IMAX films, the Cavern at Science North hosts some gala screenings during Cinéfest and screens science documentaries during the year, and the Sudbury Indie Cinema Co-op programs a repertory cinema lineup of independent and international films as well as organizing both the Junction North and Queer North film festivals. In 2021 the Sudbury Indie Cinema Co-op also launched
1786-647: Is represented federally by Members of Parliament Viviane Lapointe and Marc Serré , both of the Liberal Party of Canada , and provincially by Jamie West and France Gélinas of the Ontario New Democratic Party . The provincial Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines has its head office in the city. Both federal and provincial politics in the city tend to be dominated by the Liberal and New Democratic parties. Historically,
1880-736: Is the francophone Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario (TNO), one of seven organizations residing at the Place des Arts , where it also stages its performances. The Sudbury Theatre Centre , which was the city's only professional English-language theatre company, merged with YES Theatre in 2023, though the building which was previously home to the company retains its original name. Theatrical productions are also staged by several community theatre groups, as well as by high school drama students at Sudbury Secondary School , Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School , St. Charles College and École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier with its troupe Les Draveurs. Postsecondary institutions in
1974-584: Is the largest in Ontario and the fifth largest in Canada . It is administratively a single-tier municipality and thus is not part of any district, county, or regional municipality . The City of Greater Sudbury is separate from, but entirely surrounded by the Sudbury District . The city is also referred to as " Ville du Grand Sudbury " among Francophones . The Sudbury region was inhabited by
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#17327810554962068-513: The 1950 general election when it was merged with the Woodbridge constituency to form Sudbury and Woodbridge . In 1983 this constituency was abolished, and Sudbury formed part of the new South Suffolk constituency. The current MP is James Cartlidge ( Conservative Party ). The town's only secondary school is Ormiston Sudbury Academy . The school was formed, as Sudbury Upper School, in 1972 from an amalgamation of Sudbury Grammar School ,
2162-584: The A10 south of King's Lynn . There is a taxi rank for Hackney carriages at Old Market Place. The bus station on Hamilton Road in the town centre provides services to neighbouring places, operated by Hedingham & Chambers and other operators. The railway arrived in Sudbury in 1847 when Sudbury railway station was built on the Stour Valley Railway . The town escaped the Beeching Axe of
2256-662: The Babergh local government district and part of the South Suffolk constituency. In 2021 the built-up area had a population of 23,912 and the parish had a population of 13,619. Sudbury was an Anglo-Saxon settlement from the end of the 8th century, and its market was established in the early 11th century. Its textile industries prospered in the Late Middle Ages , the wealth of which funded many of its buildings and churches. The town became notable for its art in
2350-466: The Flemings , allowing the weaving and silk industries to prosper for centuries during the Late Middle Ages . As the main town in the area, Sudbury prospered too, and many great houses and churches were built, giving the town a major historical legacy. The Woolsack in the House of Lords was originally stuffed with wool from the Sudbury area, a sign of both the importance of the wool industry and of
2444-696: The Isthmian League Premier Division . The local rugby club, Sudbury R.F.C. have previously played as high as National 3 in English rugby, but are currently in the London 2 North East. The club's ground is in neighbouring village, Great Cornard . The town's oldest sports club is Sudbury Cricket Club, founded in 1787, who currently play in the East Anglian Premier League. The Kingfisher Leisure Centre, next to
2538-733: The Massachusetts Bay Colony as part of the wave of emigration that occurred during the Great Migration . In 1706 the River Stour Navigation Act 1705 ( 4 & 5 Ann. c. 2) was passed in Parliament , and work was undertaken to make the river navigable all the way from Manningtree . By the 18th century the fees charged to become a freeman , with voting rights, were exorbitant and the borough of Sudbury, along with 177 other English towns,
2632-710: The New England region of the United States: Sudbury, Massachusetts , and Sudbury, Vermont . Sudbury is twinned with Höxter in Germany , Clermont in France and Fredensborg in Denmark . The landscape painter John Constable (1776–1837) worked in and near the town. Ruralist journalist and farmer Adrian Bell (1901–1980) wrote the agricultural memoir Corduroy at his parents' rented house in
2726-943: The Northern Lights Festival Boréal and La Nuit sur l'étang festivals. Sudbury also hosts Northern Ontario's only Japanese cultural Festival, Japan Festival Sudbury. It started in 2019, went on hiatus for two years during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario , and returned to Sudbury's Bell Park Amphitheatre on July 16, 2022. Works of fiction themed or set primarily or partially in Sudbury or its former suburbs include Robert J. Sawyer 's The Neanderthal Parallax trilogy, Alistair MacLeod 's novel No Great Mischief , Paul Quarrington 's Logan in Overtime , Jean-Marc Dalpé 's play 1932, la ville du nickel and his short story collection Contes sudburois , and Chloé LaDuchesse 's L'Incendiare de Sudbury . The city
2820-513: The Ojibwe people of the Algonquin group for thousands of years prior to the founding of Sudbury after the discovery of nickel and copper ore in 1883 during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway . Greater Sudbury was formed in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury with several previously unincorporated townships. Being located inland,
2914-672: The Prise de parole publishing company. The city hosted Les Jeux de la francophonie canadienne in 2011. The Sudbury Arts Council was established in 1974. Its mandate is to connect, communicate and celebrate the arts. It has an important role to provide a calendar of events and news about arts and culture activities. The city is home to two art galleries—the Art Gallery of Sudbury and La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario . Both are dedicated primarily to Canadian art, especially artists from Northern Ontario. The city's only professional theatre company
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3008-498: The Regional Municipality of Sudbury in 1973, which was subsequently merged in 2001 into the single-tier city of Greater Sudbury. In common usage, the city's urban core is still generally referred to as Sudbury , while the outlying former towns are still referred to by their old names and continue in some respects to maintain their own distinct community identities despite their lack of political independence. Each of
3102-466: The Second World War an American squadron of B-24 Liberator bombers of the 834th Squadron (H), 486th Bomb Group (H), 8th Air Force was based at RAF Sudbury . This squadron performed many important bombing and photographic missions during the war, but is perhaps best known as the "Zodiac Squadron", as its bombers were decorated with colourful images of the twelve signs of the zodiac painted by
3196-778: The Sudbury Outdoor Adventure Reels Film Festival , devoted to wilderness and adventure films, following several years of the city hosting an annual stop on the Banff Mountain Film Festival 's touring circuit, and in 2022 they launched both the Sudbury's Tiny Underground Film Festival (STUFF) for underground and experimental films, and the Sudbury Indie Creature Kon for horror films. The city has hosted an annual Sudbury Pride festival since 1997. The Up Here Festival , launched in 2015, blends
3290-472: The parliamentary constituency of Sudbury returned two Members of Parliament, before it was disenfranchised for corruption. The Sudbury election of 1835, which Charles Dickens reported for the Morning Chronicle , is thought by many experts to be the inspiration for the famous Eatanswill election in his novel Pickwick Papers . In the previous year's by-election a dead heat of 263 votes each
3384-570: The 18th century, being the birthplace of Thomas Gainsborough , whose landscapes offered inspiration to John Constable , another Suffolk painter of the surrounding Stour Valley area. The 19th century saw the arrival of the railway with the opening of a station on the historic Stour Valley Railway , and Sudbury railway station forms the current terminus of the Gainsborough Line . In World War II , US Army Air Forces bombers operated from RAF Sudbury . Today, Sudbury retains its status as
3478-538: The 1930s. Sudbury was the fastest-growing city and one of the wealthiest cities in Canada for most of the decade. Many of the city's social problems in the Great Depression era were not caused by unemployment or poverty, but due to the difficulty in keeping up with all of the new infrastructure demands created by rapid growth — for example, employed mineworkers sometimes ended up living in boarding houses or makeshift shanty towns , because demand for new housing
3572-569: The 1960s and maintained its rail link with London, although many villages further up the river lost their railway stations. Sudbury railway station now forms the terminus of the branch line which is marketed as the Gainsborough Line , with stops at Bures and Chappel and Wakes Colne railway stations, terminating at Marks Tey railway station . This junction on the Great Eastern Main Line provides connections to London, where trains terminate at Liverpool Street station . The town
3666-525: The 1992 Earth Summit to recognise the city's community-based environmental reclamation strategies. By 2010, the regreening programs had successfully rehabilitated 3,350 ha (8,300 acres) of land in the city; however, approximately 30,000 ha (74,000 acres) of land have yet to be rehabilitated. Various studies have confirmed that the provincial government's initial claims that the municipal amalgamation would result in cost savings and increased efficiencies have not borne out, and in fact administration of
3760-606: The British Crown to share a large tract of land, including what is now Sudbury, as part of the Robinson Huron Treaty . In exchange the Crown pledged to pay an annuity to First Nations people, which was originally set at $ 1.60 per treaty member and increased incrementally; its last increase was in 1874, leaving it fixed at $ 4. French Jesuits were the first to establish a European settlement when they set up
3854-465: The Chapel of Holy Sepulchre were also established in the 12th century. A community of Dominicans established Sudbury Priory in the mid-13th century and gradually extended the size of their priory , which was one of three Dominican priories in the county of Suffolk. A leper hospital was founded on the outskirts of the town in 1272. Sudbury was one of the first towns in which Edward III settled
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3948-537: The Disney film One Hundred and One Dalmatians , takes place in the town including St Peter's Church . Just before midnight they came to the market town of Sudbury. Pongo paused as they crossed the bridge over the River Stour. "Here we enter Suffolk" he said, triumphantly. They ran on through the quiet streets of old houses and into the market square. They had hoped they might meet some dog and hear if any news of
4042-710: The Granary in Quay Lane, to Great Henny , a few miles downstream. Each September, the 24 mi (39 km) stretch of the River Stour hosts hundreds of canoe and small boat enthusiasts in a weekend event called Sudbury to the Sea , which finishes at Cattawade . St Peter's Church, Sudbury a former church crowning the top of the Market Hill in the centre of Sudbury is now used as a cultural venue for live music and other performances, art exhibitions, and markets. St Peter's
4136-577: The High School for Girls and the Secondary Modern School, following the introduction of comprehensive education . There are several primary schools , including Tudor CEVC Primary School, St. Gregory CEVCP, St Joseph's Roman Catholic Primary School and Woodhall Primary School. Salters Hall School which was partly housed in the town's fifteenth century building of the same name, was closed in 1995. Television signals are received from
4230-570: The Liberals have been stronger in the Sudbury riding, with the New Democrats dominant in Nickel Belt, although both ridings have elected members of both parties at different times. Greater Sudbury Utilities Inc. (GSU) delivers utility services in the city's urban core. Its sole shareholder is the City of Greater Sudbury. The city of Sudbury and its suburban communities were reorganized into
4324-581: The Mary C. Shantz Local History Collection, and Canadian Legal Materials. The Makerspace located in the Mackenzie Library Main Branch offers sewing machines, 3D printers, and other tools for public use. The South End Library branch was demolished in 2009 after a broken sewer lead to sections of the building's floor sinking by over 35cm and the building was declared unsafe. A new branch, designed by Yallowega Bélanger Salach Architecture ,
4418-513: The age of the Saxons . The town's earliest mention is in circa 799, when Ælfhun , Bishop of Dunwich , died in the town. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the town as Suðberie ("south-borough"), presumed to distinguish it from Norwich or Bury St Edmunds , to the north, and c. 995 is recorded as Suðbyrig . The town is also mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, as
4512-531: The air pollution from the roasting yards. Acid rain added more staining, in a layer that penetrates up to 3 in (76 mm) into the once pink-grey granite . The construction of the Inco Superstack in 1972 dispersed sulphuric acid through the air over a much wider area, reducing the acidity of local precipitation. This enabled the municipality, province and Inco and academics from Laurentian University to begin an environmental recovery program in
4606-469: The amalgamated city costs significantly more than the prior regional government structure did. Sudbury has 330 lakes over 10 ha (25 acres) in size within the city limits. The most prominent is Lake Wanapitei , the largest lake in the world completely contained within the boundaries of a single city. Ramsey Lake , a few kilometres south of downtown Sudbury, held the same record before the municipal amalgamation in 2001 brought Lake Wanapitei fully inside
4700-552: The area providing wood for the reconstruction of Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. While other logging areas in Northeastern Ontario were also involved in that effort, the emergence of mining-related processes in the following decade made it significantly harder for new trees to grow to full maturity in the Sudbury area than elsewhere. The resulting erosion exposed bedrock in many parts of
4794-559: The borough court, the mayor and corporation directed the affairs of the town. They built a house of correction (1624) for ' rogues , vagabonds and sturdy beggars ' and tried to finance the reconstruction of Ballingdon Bridge, which disappeared during a storm on 4 September 1594. Among theatrical companies that they paid to visit Sudbury were Lord Strange's Men (1592) and the King's Men (1610). Minor infringements, such as not attending church, were punished by fines; for worse offenders there
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#17327810554964888-480: The city boundaries. Greater Sudbury has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb ). This region has warm and often humid summers with occasional short lasting periods of hot weather, with long, cold and snowy winters. It is situated north of the Great Lakes , making it prone to arctic air masses. Monthly precipitation is equal year round, with snow cover expected for up to six months of
4982-458: The city created the position of Poet Laureate , with Roger Nash being the first to occupy the role. Sudbury, Suffolk Sudbury ( / ˈ s ʌ d b ər i / , locally / ˈ s ʌ b ər i / ) is a market town and civil parish in the south west of Suffolk , England, on the River Stour near the Essex border, 60 miles (97 km) north-east of London. It is the largest town in
5076-643: The city limits. Sudbury is divided into two main watersheds: to the east is the French River watershed which flows into Georgian Bay and to the west is the Spanish River watershed which flows into the North Channel of Lake Huron . Sudbury is built around many small, rocky mountains with exposed igneous rock of the Canadian (Precambrian) Shield . The ore deposits in Sudbury are part of
5170-631: The city no longer offer training in theatre, following the closures of Theatre programs at Thorneloe University in 2020 and Laurentian University in 2021, as well as the technical production programs at Collège Boréal and Cambrian College . In 2021, YES Theatre unveiled plans for the Refettorio, which would convert a vacant lot on Durham Street near the YMCA into an outdoor theatrical and musical performance space. The space opened in August 2023 with
5264-457: The city's primary annual film festival, has been staged in September each year since 1989. Two smaller specialist film festivals, the Junction North International Documentary Film Festival for documentary films and the Queer North Film Festival for LGBT -themed films, are also held each year. Mainstream commercial films are screened at the SilverCity theatre complex, which is also the primary venue for most Cinéfest screenings. Science North
5358-431: The city, which was charred in most places to a pitted, dark black appearance. There was not a complete lack of vegetation in the region as paper birch and wild blueberry patches thrived in the acidic soils. During the Apollo crewed lunar exploration program, NASA astronauts trained in Sudbury to become familiar with impact breccia and shatter cones , rare rock formations produced by large meteorite impacts. However,
5452-454: The current city, on the grounds of ensuring that the merger did not erase the longstanding community identities of the outlying towns. In everyday usage, however, the city is still more commonly referred to as just Sudbury. The Sudbury region was inhabited by the Ojibwe people of the Algonquin group as early as 9,000 years ago following the retreat of the last continental ice sheet. In 1850, local Ojibwe chiefs entered into an agreement with
5546-401: The economy for much of the 20th century. The two major mining companies which shaped the history of Sudbury were Inco, now Vale Limited , which employed more than 25% of the population by the 1970s, and Falconbridge , now Glencore . Sudbury has since expanded from its resource-based economy to emerge as the major retail, economic, health, and educational center for Northeastern Ontario. Sudbury
5640-415: The edge of the Sudbury Basin . This discovery brought the first waves of European settlers, who arrived not only to work at the mines, but also to build a service station for railway workers. Sudbury was incorporated as a town in 1893, and its first mayor was Joseph Étienne aka Stephen Fournier . The American inventor Thomas Edison visited the Sudbury area as a prospector in 1901. He is credited with
5734-415: The historic Edison Building , the onetime head office of Falconbridge, to the city in 2007 to serve as the new home of the municipal archives. On September 19, 2008, a fire destroyed the historic Sudbury Steelworkers Hall on Frood Road. A strike at Vale's operations, which began on July 13, 2009, was tentatively resolved in July 2010. The 2009 strike lasted longer than the devastating 1978 strike, but had
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#17327810554965828-400: The late 1970s, labelled a "regreening" effort. Lime was spread over the charred soil by hand and by aircraft. Seeds of wild grasses and other vegetation were also spread. As of 2010, 9.2 million new trees have been planted in the city. Vale has begun to rehabilitate the slag heaps that surrounds their smelter in the Copper Cliff area with the planting of grass and trees, as well as
5922-435: The local climate is extremely seasonal, with average January lows of around −18 °C (0 °F) and average July highs of 25 °C (77 °F). The population resides in an urban core and many smaller communities scattered around 330 lakes and among hills of rock blackened by historical smelting activity. Sudbury was once a major lumber center and a world leader in nickel mining. Mining and related industries dominated
6016-436: The nearby Sudbury TV transmitter situated south east of the town. The town is served by both BBC Radio Suffolk and BBC Essex . Other radio stations are Heart East , Greatest Hits Radio East , Nation Radio Suffolk , and Karisco Radio, a community based station. Sudbury is served by a daily newspaper, the East Anglian Daily Times , owned by the Archant group. There are also two weekly newspapers, both published on
6110-410: The ore releases this sulphur into the atmosphere where it combines with water vapour to form sulphuric acid , contributing to acid rain . As a result, Sudbury has had a widespread reputation as a wasteland. In parts of the city, vegetation was devastated by acid rain and logging to provide fuel for early smelting techniques. To a lesser extent, the area's ecology was also impacted by lumber camps in
6204-429: The original discovery of the ore body at Falconbridge . Rich deposits of nickel sulphide ore were discovered in the Sudbury Basin geological formation. The construction of the railway allowed exploitation of these mineral resources and shipment of the commodities to markets and ports, as well as large-scale lumber extraction. Mining began to replace lumber as the primary industry as the area's transportation network
6298-433: The parishes of Sudbury and Ballingdon and until 1935 Sudbury St Bartholomew. In the local government reorganisation of 1974 the district was abolished to form Babergh, in the non-metropolitan county of Suffolk. A successor parish was formed covering the same area as the former district. Being an urban area the parish council and its chair are known as the 'Town Council' and 'Town Mayor' respectively. From 1559 until 1844
6392-437: The popular misconception that they were visiting Sudbury because it purportedly resembled the lifeless surface of the Moon persists. The city's Nickel District Conservation Authority operates a conservation area , the Lake Laurentian Conservation Area , in the city's south end. Other unique environmental projects in the city include the Fielding Bird Sanctuary, a protected area along Highway 17 near Lively that provides
6486-421: The puppies had come at the Twilight Barking, but not so much as a cat was stirring. While they were drinking at the fountain, church clocks began to strike midnight. By road, Sudbury is served by the A131 which runs from near Little Waltham , north of Chelmsford in Essex, and the A134 which runs from Colchester in Essex, through Bury St Edmunds , past Thetford in Norfolk to its west, before merging with
6580-458: The railway station, has a 25 m swimming pool, sauna, fitness centre and a soft play area for children. It is home to Sudbury Storms Swimming Club. Sudbury Rowing Club, formerly Sudbury Boat Club, was founded in 1874 and has held a regatta in the town every year since, except during the world wars . It has a boathouse and clubhouse in Quay Lane and rows on a 1500 m stretch of the Stour by Friars Meadow. Other sporting groups include
6674-410: The river and by Ballingdon Bridge, many of which are extant. The Corn Exchange became the local public library after a successful campaign in the mid-1960s by the Corn Exchange Preservation Association to save it. In 1892 Sudbury became a municipal borough which became part of the administrative county of West Suffolk in 1889, with its headquarters at Sudbury Town Hall , the district contained
6768-760: The river. During the Great War of 1914–18 , and fearing German invasion, the remaining fourteen Stour Lighters were scuttled in Ballingdon Cut. One of these was raised and completely rebuilt by the Pioneer Trust in Brightlingsea . It was delivered, fitted with electric propulsion, to the River Stour Trust in 2012. The Canadian city of Greater Sudbury , Ontario (formerly known as Sudbury and still referred to as Sudbury in everyday usage)
6862-637: The seat. However, he was not allowed to take his place in parliament as he was subsequently declared insane. A new workhouse was built in 1836 off Walnut Tree Lane, close to St Gregory's church. From 1946, with the foundation of the National Health Service , it became the local cottage hospital. Sudbury's Catholic Church, Our Lady Immaculate and St. John the Evangelist, was designed by Leonard Stokes and erected in 1893. The shrine of Our Lady of Sudbury sits within its nave. During
6956-464: The seven former municipalities in turn encompasses numerous smaller neighbourhoods. Amalgamated cities (2001 Canadian census population) include: Sudbury (85,354) and Valley East (22,374). Towns (2001 Canadian census population) include: Rayside-Balfour (15,046), Nickel Centre (12,672), Walden (10,101), Onaping Falls (4,887), and Capreol (3,486). The Wanup area, formerly an unincorporated settlement outside of Sudbury's old city limits,
7050-550: The three medieval churches in Sudbury. Simon's concerns for his native town are reflected in the founding of St Leonard's Hospital in 1372, a place of respite, towards Long Melford , for lepers . For the College of St Gregory, which he founded in 1375 to support eight priests, he used his father's former house and an adjoining plot. From the 16th to 18th century the weaving industry was less consistently profitable and Sudbury experienced periods of varying prosperity. By means of
7144-420: The use of biosolids to stabilize and regreen tailings areas. In 1978, the workers of Sudbury's largest mining corporation, Inco (now Vale), embarked on a strike over production and employment cutbacks. The strike, which lasted for nine months, badly damaged Sudbury's economy. The city government was spurred to launch a project to diversify the city's economy. A unique and visionary project, Science North
7238-527: The war, Sudbury was in a good position to supply nickel to the United States government when it decided to stockpile non- Soviet supplies during the Cold War . The open coke beds used in the early to mid-20th century and logging for fuel resulted in a near-total loss of native vegetation in the area. Consequently, the terrain was made up of exposed rocky outcrops permanently stained charcoal black by
7332-671: The wealth of the donors. One citizen of Sudbury, Archbishop Simon Sudbury showed that not even the Tower of London guarantees safety. On 14 June 1381 guards opened the Tower's doors and allowed a party of rebellious peasants to enter. Sudbury, inventor of the poll tax , was dragged to Tower Hill and beheaded . His body was afterwards buried in Canterbury Cathedral , but his skull is kept in St Gregory's Church , one of
7426-551: The year. Although extreme weather events are rare, one of the worst tornadoes in Canadian history struck the city and its suburbs on August 20, 1970, killing six people, injuring two hundred, and causing more than C$ 17 million (equivalent to $ 132 million in 2023) in damages. The highest temperature ever recorded in Greater Sudbury was 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) on July 13, 1936. The lowest temperature ever recorded
7520-479: Was a stocks or a whipping. During the Civil War a 12-strong band of watchmen was created to prevent the town's enemies, presumed to be Royalists , burning it down. Sudbury and the surrounding area, like much of East Anglia , was a hotbed of Puritan sentiment during much of the 17th century. Sudbury was among the towns called "notorious wasps' nests of dissent." During the 1630s, many families departed for
7614-486: Was also annexed into the city in 2001, along with a large wilderness area on the northeastern shore of Lake Wanapitei . Sudbury's culture is influenced by the large Franco-Ontarian community consisting of approximately 40 percent of the city's population, particularly in the amalgamated municipalities of Valley East and Rayside-Balfour and historically in the Moulin-à-Fleur neighbourhood. The French culture
7708-524: Was built in the same location with a $ 4.9 million budget and opened in 2012. The new building includes outdoor reading and performance areas, spaces for children and teens, and meeting rooms. Greater Sudbury Sudbury , officially the City of Greater Sudbury , is the largest city in Northern Ontario by population, with a population of 166,004 at the 2021 Canadian Census . By land area, it
7802-430: Was formerly a port ; from 1705, horse-drawn lighters transported grain to the numerous water-mills, locally made bricks, coal and even coconuts used for mat-making in Sudbury and Long Melford. Cargos, such as hay and straw, were transhipped in the River Stour estuary at Mistley into Thames barges for transport to London for the horses; they brought back horse-manure for the wheat and barley fields that lie on both sides of
7896-522: Was formerly also located at Tom Davies Square , but this moved back to the Mackenzie location in 1998 after renovations expanded the Mackenzie building. The largest library in the City of Greater Sudbury is the Mackenzie Library Main Branch. It provides access to bilingual business directories, phone books, maps, government publications, and a vast selection of books. The Reference Collection also has three special collections in its lower level: Genealogy,
7990-708: Was high during the First World War , when Sudbury-mined nickel was used extensively in the manufacturing of artillery in Sheffield , England. It bottomed out when the war ended and then rose again in the mid-1920s as peacetime uses for nickel began to develop. The town was reincorporated as a city in 1930. The city recovered from the Great Depression much more quickly than almost any other city in North America due to increased demand for nickel in
8084-502: Was improved to include trams. These enabled workers to live in one community and work in another. Sudbury's economy was dominated by the mining industry for much of the 20th century. Two major mining companies were created: Inco in 1902 and Falconbridge in 1928. They became two of the city's major employers and two of the world's leading producers of nickel. Through the decades that followed, Sudbury's economy went through boom and bust cycles as world demand for nickel fluctuated. Demand
8178-466: Was inaugurated in 1984 with two-snowflake styled buildings connected by a tunnel through the Canadian shield where the Creighton fault intersects the shores of Lake Ramsey . The city tried to attract new employers and industries through the 1980s and 1990s with mixed success. The city of Sudbury and its suburban communities, which were reorganized into the Regional Municipality of Sudbury in 1973,
8272-401: Was named after Sudbury, becoming a settlement in 1883 following the discovery of rich nickel and copper ores there during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway . The superintendent of the railway construction project James Worthington was married to Caroline Hitchcock, a woman who had been born in Sudbury, Suffolk, and the name was chosen to honour her. Sudbury has two namesakes in
8366-479: Was recorded for the two candidates, Edward Barnes and J. Bagshaw. The mayor of Sudbury gave a casting vote to Barnes despite having already voted, and the decision led to serious riots in the town. A county constituency of the same name was established by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 for the 1885 general election , electing one MP by the first past the post voting system. It was abolished for
8460-573: Was reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 . During the 18th century Sudbury became famous for its local artists. John Constable painted in the area, especially the River Stour . Painter Thomas Gainsborough was born in Sudbury in 1727, and was educated at Sudbury Grammar School . His birthplace, now named Gainsborough's House , is a museum to his work and is open to the public. It houses many valuable pictures and some of his family possessions. A statue of Gainsborough
8554-536: Was rising faster than supply. Between 1936 and 1941, the city was ordered into receivership by the Ontario Municipal Board . Another economic slowdown affected the city in 1937, but the city's fortunes rose again with wartime demands during the Second World War . The Frood Mine alone accounted for 40 percent of all the nickel used in Allied artillery production during the war. After the end of
8648-541: Was subsequently merged in 2001 into the single-tier city of Greater Sudbury. In 2006, both of the city's major mining companies, Canadian-based Inco and Falconbridge, were taken over by new owners: Inco was acquired by the Brazilian company CVRD (now renamed Vale ), while Falconbridge was purchased by the Swiss company Xstrata , which itself was purchased by Anglo–Swiss Glencore, forming Glencore Xstrata . Xstrata donated
8742-461: Was unveiled in the town centre outside St Peter's Church on Market Hill in 1913. The Reform Act 1832 ( 2 & 3 Will. 4 . c. 45) saw the villages of Ballingdon and Brundon appended to the town. In the 1841 general election Sudbury became the first place in the UK to elect a member of an ethnic minority to parliament , with David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre , the son of an Indian queen, winning
8836-412: Was −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F) on December 29, 1933. From the city hall at Tom Davies Square , the city is headed by twelve council members and one mayor both elected every four years. The current mayor is Paul Lefebvre , who was elected in the 2022 municipal election . The 2011 operating budget for Greater Sudbury was C$ 471 million, and the city employs 2006 full-time workers. The city
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