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35-671: Gros-Mécatina is a municipality on the Lower North Shore of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence , near the border with Labrador in Quebec , Canada . Located near crab, lobster, and scallop fishing grounds, it is dependent on the fishing business, including a fish processing factory that contributes to regional economic activity. The isolated municipality can only be reached via a regular weekly ferry service, or La Tabatière Airport . The villages of La Tabatière and Mutton Bay are connected via

70-487: A 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) asphalted road that has views of the gulf from the mountains; but in the winter the road is not plowed, and the only access is via snowmobile . The name, pronounced (me-kuh-TEE-nuh) is from the Innu word makatinau , or "It is a large mountain." Exploration of the area began in 1535 when Jacques Cartier passed by during his second voyage. The place became an important hunting and fishing ground in

105-581: A European in its waters was by the French explorer Jacques Cartier in the year 1534 . Cartier named the shores of the St. Lawrence River "The Country of Canadas", after an indigenous word meaning "village" or "settlement", thus naming the world's second largest country. Basque whalers from Saint-Jean-de-Luz sailed into the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1530 and began whaling at Red Bay . They established their base on

140-611: A French, English, and Native population of Catholic and Protestant religion and giving courses from Kindergarten to Secondary inclusively. On June 18, 1975, the name of the Commission scolaire de la Côte-Nord du Golfe St-Laurent was changed to the Littoral School Board ( Commission scolaire du Littoral in French). Prior to the creation of the district, multiple school districts from various religious orders controlled

175-449: A fish processing plant and reservoirs to supply vessels that serve this part of the region. According to popular opinion, the origin of its name (French for "the snuff box ") refers to the loss of a tobacco pouch by a missionary. However, it is a corruption of tabaquen , possibly Innu, which became tapatienne and then tabatière . Missionary correspondence shows that the parish was at one time often referred to as Saint-Joseph-de-Tabaquen,

210-557: A metaphor for the white foam of waves, or for the hills that surround the bay, which are all rounded at the top. In 1804, notary Félix Têtu reported the establishment of the Baie-Moutons trading post. In the middle of the 19th century, the bay was being fished but the village was not really established until 1872 when Newfoundlanders arrived and settled there. By 1886, the local post office opened, first identified as Saint-Joseph-de-la-Tabatière, then from 1896 on as Mutton Bay. In 1983,

245-560: A multitude of facets of the great river in all seasons. In winter, the St. Lawrence River is an immense ice factory. The machine starts up in December with the formation of ice cubes between Montreal and Quebec City . The prevailing winds and currents push this ice towards the estuary, it reaches the east of Les Méchins at the end of December. Ice covers the entire gulf in January and February. Ice helps navigation because it prevents

280-434: A name said to mean "sorcery," and a priest who visited the mission in 1887 wrote that aboriginal groups who came to trade would consult a "sorcerer-magician" before leaving for their camps in the interior forests to find out the prospects for their return trip. La Tabatière has long been frequented by fishermen and traders, particularly attractive for fishing cod and seals. In 1820, Scotsman Samuel Robertson, former employee of

315-477: Is about 290 m (950 ft) deep and about 1,250 km (780 mi) long from the Continental Shelf to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River . Deep waters with temperatures between 2 and 6.5 °C (36 and 44 °F) enter the Gulf at the continental slope and are slowly advected up the channel by estuariane circulation. Over the 20th century, the bottom waters of the end of the channel (i.e. in

350-668: Is bounded on the north by the Labrador Peninsula and Quebec , to the east by Saint-Pierre and Newfoundland , to the south by the Nova Scotia peninsula and Cape Breton Island , and to the west by the Gaspé Peninsula , New Brunswick , and Quebec. As for significant islands the Gulf of St. Lawrence contains Anticosti Island , Prince Edward Island , Îles-de-la-Madeleine archipelago , Cape Breton Island , Saint Pierre Island , and Miquelon-Langlade . Half of

385-525: Is established as follows: The five provinces bordering the Gulf of St. Lawrence have several provincial parks with protected coasts. Download coordinates as: The Laurentian Channel is a feature of the floor of the Gulf that was formed during previous ice ages , when the Continental Shelf was eroded by the St. Lawrence River during the periods when the sea level plunged. The Laurentian Channel

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420-476: The Innu word makatinau , meaning "large mountain." The municipality consists of two small isolated fishing villages, La Tabatière and Mutton Bay, as well as the abandoned settlements of Lac-Salé and Baie-des-Ha!-Ha! (Baie de la Terre). La Tabatière ( 50°49′45″N 58°57′38″W  /  50.82917°N 58.96056°W  / 50.82917; -58.96056 ) is located on La Tabatière Bay, opposite Big Mecatina Island ( île du Gros Mécatina ), and home to

455-844: The Migratory Birds Convention Act on Bonaventure Island , on the Bird Rocks of the Magdalen Islands , and on the Percé Rock . These migratory bird sanctuaries are administered by the Canadian Wildlife Service . The Federal Government of Canada manages 37 National Parks of Canada , overview of the parks touching the Gulf of St. Lawrence: Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve , in Côte-Nord , Forillon National Park on

490-1028: The Strait of Belle Isle and worked closely with the Iroquois in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In 1579 the English government closed all English ports to Spanish oil imports. As a result, a third of Basque whale oil could not be sold. Basque whaling collapsed in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and never recovered. Commission scolaire du Littoral Situated along the Gulf of St. Lawrence , the School Board territory consists of nine Anglophone villages and four Francophone villages, scattered along 460 kilometres (285 miles) of coastline from Kegaska to Blanc-Sablon including Port-Menier (Anticosti Island). Their respective populations vary between 100 and 1000 inhabitants. The School Board has an annual enrolment of approximately 570 students. It offers general education services to

525-545: The "Commission scolaire de la Côte-Nord du Golfe St-Laurent". This school board, directed by an administrator, would become responsible for education in fifteen communities. These communities spread out from Kegaska to Blanc Sablon, a territory of 460 kilometres (285 miles) that is not connected to the Québec Provincial road network. Bill 41, created the first "unified" school board in the Province of Québec, serving

560-684: The Atlantic Ocean, the waters of the Gulf take the following straits : Since its appearance on maps, there has been no consensus on the demarcation of the St Lawrence River from the Gulf, nor whether it is hydrographically a gulf or an estuary . According to Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2023, the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence planning area covers most of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence bioregion, an area with some of

595-693: The Federal Bureau of Statistics gives detailed annual statistics for the years 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 Ports of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the Côte-Nord Shore: Blanc-Sablon , Harrington Harbor , Natashquan , Havre-Saint-Pierre , Mingan , Port-Menier (Anticosti Island), Cap-aux-Meules (Îles-de-la -Madeleine). The gulf has provided a historically important marine fishery for various First Nations that have lived on its shores for millennia and used its waters for transportation. The first documented voyage by

630-561: The Gros-Mécatina Post, settled there and founded a permanent settlement that his descendants still occupy today. In 1855, he was joined by settlers from Jersey and the place became known by the English name Sparr Point. In 1885, the Catholic mission Saint-Joseph-de-la-Tabatière was established and La Tabatière post office began operations on November 1, 1907. In the 1930s, the seal oil rendering and fish oil factory burned down and

665-535: The Gulf include the Chaleur Bay , Fortune Bay , Miramichi Bay , St. George's Bay , Bay St. George , Bay of Islands , and Northumberland Strait . According to Commission of Toponymy Quebec, the St. Lawrence River becomes the gulf at Pointe des Monts on the Côte-Nord and Matane Bas-Saint-Laurent or Sainte-Anne-des-Monts La Haute-Gaspésie , the Estuary is upstream, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, much wider, downstream. Large marine mammals travel in all

700-412: The Littoral School Board is characterized by the fact that it is not classified as a linguistic school board. Orange represents the soil and its residents. Turquoise (blue-green) represents the sea that is omnipresent on the territory. The vertical features imitate the territory and its size. The triangle represents Anticosti Island and the motion of the waves, referring to the district's motto: "We extend

735-608: The St. Lawrence estuary) have become hypoxic . Almost all of Quebec's ports are located along the St. Lawrence River seaway, from its source to its gulf, to the Atlantic Ocean . There are dozens and dozens of shelters, harbors, natural ports , large and small along the gulf up to the source of the St. Lawrence River, we can add village or individual wharf , without forgetting the large international maritime transport ports . In its annual report on maritime traffic in Canada,

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770-582: The area, and none of them offered senior high school education. The territory of Anticosti Island was added to the Littoral School Board with Bill 48 which was passed on June 18, 1976. Following inter-governmental agreements, the Natives acquired their school autonomy on the St. Augustine River Reservation on July 1, 1990, and on the La Romaine Reserve on July 1, 1991. However, the school board maintained services in these two communities to serve

805-471: The authorities of Quebec sold Gros-Mécatina. By then permanent settlement had begun. The Municipality of Gros-Mécatina was formed on January 1, 1994, when its territory was separated from the Municipality of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent . It was named after several geographic features within its area called Gros Mécatina, including a river, cape, island, archipelago, and lake. Mecatina comes from

840-437: The eastern tip of the Gaspé Peninsula , Prince Edward Island National Park on the northern shore of the island, Kouchibouguac National Park on the northeastern coast of New Brunswick , Cape Breton Highlands National Park on the northern tip of Cape Breton Island , Gros Morne National Park on the west coast of Newfoundland . In Quebec, since March 31, 2024, the network of protected areas extends over 274,431 km2 and

875-522: The first part of the 18th century. From 1739, Jean-Baptiste Pommereau acquired the fishing rights of the region for a period of ten years. The Gros-Mécatina Post, built in the same time period near present-day La Tabatière, quickly became one of the most important fishing settlements of the North Shore. Big Mécatina Island also, granted to Intendant Gilles Hocquart in 1755, was a popular location with fishermen. They remained such until at least 1808 when

910-517: The formation of waves and therefore spray, ice has the advantage of preventing the icing process of ships. At Baie-Trinité, the Pointe-des-Monts Lighthouse , a National historic site of Canada , was built in 1829-1830 on a point that ancient geographers, since Samuel de Champlain (1567-1655) himself, classified as the demarcation point between the St. Lawrence River and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Gulf of St. Lawrence

945-597: The non-Indian population. The School Board holds a special status considering it is managed by an administrator (who is named by the Lieutenant Governor in Council) who replaces the school commissioners and the director-general. He exercises his powers by means of ordinances, of which a copy is automatically transmitted to the Minister who decides to accept it or to reject it in whole or in part. Moreover,

980-471: The place name was officially anglicized to Mutton Bay, replacing Baie-des-Moutons, because of the majority of English-speaking residents. By 1988, Mutton Bay had 55 families, living mainly from fishing lobster and scallops. List of former mayors: Commission scolaire du Littoral operates St-Lawrence School (anglophone) in Mutton Bay. Gulf of Saint Lawrence The Gulf of St. Lawrence fringes

1015-1713: The seas of the earth, the research and observations of these giants concern fishermen and shipping industry , exercise a fascination and a keen interest for laymen and, subjects of endless studies for scientists from Quebec, Canada and around the world. Thirteen species of cetaceans frequent the waters of the estuary and the gulf of the St. Lawrence River. 1. Hyperoodon ampullatus . — Hypéroodon boreal, Hypéroodon arctique. — (Northern Bottlenose Whale). 2. Delphinapterus leucas . — Béluga, Bélouga, Baleine blanche, Dauphin blanc, Marsouin blanc. — (Beluga Whale). 3. Physeter macrocephalus . — Grand cachalot, Cachalot, Cachalot macrocéphale. — (Sperm whale). 4. Lagenorhynchus acutus . — Lagénorhynque à flancs blancs, Dauphin à flancs blancs. — (Atlantic white-sided dolphin). 5. Lagenorhynchus albirostris . — Dauphin à nez blanc, Dauphin à bec blanc, Lagénorhynque à bec blanc. — (White-beaked dolphin). 6. Orcinus orca . — Orque, Épaulard. — (Killer Whale). 7. Globicephala melas . — Globicéphale commun, Globicéphale noir, Dauphin pilote. — (Long-Finned Pilot Whale). 8. Phocoena Phocoena . — Marsouin commun, Cochon de mer, Dieu des mers. — (Harbour Porpoise). 9. Eubalaena glacialis . — Baleine franche de l'Atlantique nord, Baleine noire de l'Atlantique nord, Baleine de Biscaye. — (North Atlantic Right Whale). 10. Balaenoptera acutorostrata . — Petit rorqual. — (Minke whale). 11. Balaenoptera musculus . — Baleine bleue, Rorqual bleu. — (Blue whale). 12. Megaptera novaeangliae . — Rorqual à bosse, Baleine à bosse. — (Humpback whale). 13. Balaenoptera physalus . — Rorqual commun. — (Fin whale). Around Anticosti Island and to flow into

1050-682: The shores of the provinces of Quebec , New Brunswick , Nova Scotia , Prince Edward Island , Newfoundland and Labrador , in Canada , plus the islands Saint-Pierre and Miquelon , possessions of France , in North America . The Gulf of St. Lawrence connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence River . The secrets of the Saint-Laurent , marine weather guide 2013, of 100 pages, provides information on

1085-704: The signing of the Canada–Quebec Collaborative Agreement to Establish a Network of Marine Protected Areas in Quebec in March 2018. St. Paul Island in Nova Scotia off the northeastern tip of Cape Breton Island, is known as the "Graveyard of the Gulf" because of its many shipwrecks . Access to this island is controlled by the Canadian Coast Guard . In 1919 the first Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (MBS) in Canada were established under

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1120-534: The ten provinces of Canada adjoin the Gulf: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador , and Quebec. Besides the St. Lawrence River itself, significant streams emptying into the Gulf of St. Lawrence include the Miramichi River , Natashquan River , Romaine River , Restigouche River , Margaree River , Humber River , Mingan River and others. Branches of

1155-668: The warmest surface waters in Atlantic Canada during summer and the largest amount of sea ice during winter. The planning area is approximately 240,000 km². According to Encyclopedia Britannica , the name of Gulf St. Lawrence in a hydrologic context is not accurate, a gulf has to be considered more as a sea bordering the North American continent than as simply a river mouth . The International Hydrographic Organization 1953 defines it as follows: Western Honguedo Strait Coral Conservation Area , create following

1190-531: The youth sector for pre-school, primary, and secondary levels as well as literacy and secondary general education sector to the Adult Education sector. Preschool-Secondary 5: Secondary 1-5: Preschool-Secondary 3: Preschool-Secondary 2: Preschool and elementary: Adult education only: On April 14, 1967, the National Assembly of the Province of Québec sanctioned Bill 41, instituting

1225-681: Was rebuilt as a fish-processing plant which today is the largest on the Coast. Mutton Bay (in French: Baie-des-Moutons 50°46′19″N 59°01′45″W  /  50.77194°N 59.02917°W  / 50.77194; -59.02917 ) is a small isolated fishing village on the namesake bay, just east of the mouth of the Big Mecatina River. The meaning of its name remains obscure since it seems unlikely that there ever were any sheep present. The name may be used as

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