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75-501: Guagua , officially the Municipality of Guagua ( Kapampangan : Balen ning Guagua ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Guagua ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pampanga , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 128,893 people. Wawa , which means "river mouth" ( Kapampangan : alua or bukana ), was the earliest recorded form of the town's name according to records dating back to 1590. The town

150-566: A Cold War context, Marcos retained the support of the United States through Marcos's promise to stamp out communism in the Philippines and by assuring the United States of its continued use of military and naval bases in the Philippines. On November 27, 1977, a military tribunal sentenced Aquino and two co-accused, NPA leaders Bernabe Buscayno (Commander Dante) and Lt. Victor Corpuz, to death by firing squad. In 1978, while still

225-631: A 50-year electrification franchise, with the electricity provided by the National Power Corporation . At the overthrow of the Marcos dictatorship in 1986, the local government carried out a sustainable development program to address the town's destitute state. From its income classification in 1986 as a third-class municipality, Guagua grew to a first-class one. Guagua garnered several outstanding citations for its achievement, including of several "Most Outstanding LGU" awards. Guagua

300-504: A candidate in case of contingencies or any sudden announcements of changes. It was then on November 3, 1985, after pressure from the US government, that Marcos suddenly announced a snap presidential election would take place the following year, one year ahead of the regular presidential election schedule, to legitimize his control over the country. The snap election was legalized with the passage of Batas Pambansa Blg. 883 (National Law No. 883) by

375-420: A certain order after verbs (or particles, such as negation words). The enclitic pronoun is always followed by another pronoun (or discourse marker : Pronouns also combine to form a portmanteau pronoun: Portmanteau pronouns are not usually used in questions and with the word naman : In the following chart, blank entries denote combinations which are deemed impossible. Column headings denote pronouns in

450-463: A demonstrative pronoun and its existential form (for the nearest addressee) are exceptions. The plural of iyan is den/ren ; the plural of niyan is daren ; the plural of kanyan is karen , and the plural of oian is oren . The existential form of ian is ken . Kapampangan verbs are morphologically complex, and take a variety of affixes reflecting focus, aspect and mode. The language has Austronesian alignment , and

525-504: A friend of Ninoy Aquino, did not agree with this choice and wanted to run against Aquino and Marcos. UNIDO overwhelmed Laurel's vote and encouraged him to become Cory Aquino's vice-president instead. Once Cory Aquino became the main candidate, Laurel eventually ran as Cory Aquino's running mate for vice-president under the United Opposition (UNIDO) party. Marcos ran for re-election, with Arturo Tolentino as his running mate under

600-526: A future senator in Teofisto Guingona Jr. , and a technocrat who once served as Marcos's executive secretary named Rafael Salas . After the vetting of nominees, as men such as Sen. Diokno vehemently opposed to run for president, the remaining potential candidates who openly wished to earn the opposition's nomination were Salonga, Laurel, and Estrada-Kalaw. United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO) members Estrada-Kalaw and Laurel were

675-586: A passport in Washington and New York, Ninoy got two passports with the help of Rashid Lucman  – one bearing his real name, and the other with the alias Marcial Bonifacio . On August 21, 1983, after three years, Aquino was murdered by the military, as he disembarked from a China Airlines plane at Manila International Airport (later renamed in Aquino's honor). His assassination shocked and outraged most Filipinos, who had lost confidence in

750-538: A primary school which functioned on a regular basis. During that period, the town of Betis to the east was abolished, turning into a township of Guagua. In 1908, Colegio del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús (now Saint Mary's Academy) in Barangay San Roque was established in a two-storey building in downtown, donated by a charitable matron. Commerce was further improved when the San Fernando–Guagua line of

825-544: A significant Kapampangan-speaking minority also exists in Cagayan de Oro , Davao City and South Cotabato , specifically in General Santos and the municipalities of Polomolok and Tupi . According to the 2000 Philippine census, 2,312,870 people (out of the total population of 76,332,470) spoke Kapampangan as their native language. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the eighth leading language spoken at home in

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900-545: Is also declared as a national historical landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines during the college's 75th Foundation anniversary in 1993. Guagua, Pampanga The 1607 Santiago Apostol Parish Church , commonly known as Betis Church is a Baroque (heritage) Church , located in Guagua, Pampanga (Betis Area). It is a Spanish-era church declared a National Cultural Treasure by

975-731: Is derived from the root word pampáng ('riverbank'). The language was historically spoken in the Kingdom of Tondo , ruled by the Lakans . A number of Kapampangan dictionaries and grammar books were written during the Spanish colonial period . Diego Bergaño  [ pam ] wrote two 18th-century books about the language: Arte de la lengua Pampanga (first published in 1729) and Vocabulario de la lengua Pampanga (first published in 1732). Kapampangan produced two 19th-century literary giants; Anselmo Fajardo  [ pam ; tl ]

1050-757: Is divided into four (4) districts, subdivided into 31 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Poblacion district Pangulo district Locion district Betis district San Rafael was constituted from Dock Island in 1956. In the 2020 census, the population of Guagua, Pampanga, was 128,893 people, with a density of 2,600 inhabitants per square kilometre or 6,700 inhabitants per square mile. Roman Catholic 88%, Iglesia ni Cristo 5%, Members Church of God International 3%, Seventh-day Adventists 2%, Others (Including Protestantism , Aglipayan , Buddhism , Islam and Other Religionist) 2%. Poverty incidence of Guagua Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The town of Guagua belongs to

1125-848: Is located immediately adjacent to the Guagua Municipal Building and houses the Cardinal Santos Catholic Center and the Immaculate Conception Parochial School. Kapampangan language Kapampangan is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code pam , but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code. Kapampangan is one of the Central Luzon languages of the Austronesian language family . Its closest relatives are

1200-516: Is mostly flat and is suitable to any kind of development; agricultural, industrial, commercial and others. It is only a meter above sea level. In general, the soils of Guagua are of recent alluvial origin consisting of fine sand, silt loam and hydrosol. The average chemical analysis of its top soils is : nitrogen, 0.02 to 0.1; phosphorus, 0.06 to 0.28; potassium, 0.46 to 1.74; organic carbon, 0.41 to 3.02; and pH value (acidity and alkalinity), 5.61 to 6.99. The climate and topographical features of

1275-663: Is preserved in some western dialects. Proto-Philippine *tanəm is tanam ('to plant') in Kapampangan, compared with Tagalog tanim , Cebuano tanom and Ilocano tanem ('grave'). Proto-Philippine *R merged with /j/ . The Kapampangan word for 'new' is bayu ; it is bago in Tagalog, baro in Ilocano, and baru in Indonesian. Kapampangan is a VSO or Verb-Subject-Object language. However,

1350-402: Is strategically located along a river which played a vital role in trade and transportation during the precolonial era . Wawa was already a prosperous settlement when Spanish colonists took control of the town in the year 1561, from then on calling it Guagua , which is a Hispanised form of the original name. Indeed, archeological artifacts have been excavated in a nearby town which affirmed

1425-477: Is what we do'). Ini is always concrete: ining libru ('this book'), ini ing asu nang Juan ('this is Juan's dog'). In their locative forms, keni is used when the person spoken to is not near the subject spoken of; keti is used when the person spoken to is near the subject spoken of. Two people in the same country will refer to their country as keti , but will refer to their respective towns as keni ; both mean 'here'. The plural forms of

1500-717: The National Museum of the Philippines and the NCCA (under R.A. 4896 as amended by P.D. 374 and R.A. 8492), on November 5, 2001 (one of only 26 churches in the country bestowed that honor). It is part of the Ecclesiastical Provinces of the Archdiocese of San Fernando . In 2009, the National Museum installed a marker of its 2005 Proclamation. The first church edifice was constructed in 1587 but

1575-651: The Philippines , mostly in Metro Manila , from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of Ferdinand Marcos , the end of his 20-year dictatorship and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines. It is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during demonstrations (in reference to

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1650-581: The Sambalic languages of Zambales province and the Bolinao language spoken in the towns of Bolinao and Anda in Pangasinan . These languages share the same reflex /j/ of the proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R. Kapampangan mistakenly sounds like a distant Tagalog dialect at first sight to the unfamiliar, but both languages are distantly related, as Tagalog is a Central Philippine language . Kapampangan

1725-584: The Tony Orlando and Dawn song " Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree ") as a symbol of protest following the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. in August 1983 upon his return to the Philippines from exile. It was widely seen as a victory of the people against two decades of presidential rule by President Marcos, and made news headlines as "the revolution that surprised

1800-404: The civil unrest that arose after the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis as a justification for the proclamation . Through this decree and through a controversial referendum in which citizen assemblies voted through a show of hands , Marcos seized emergency powers giving him full control of the Philippines' military and the authority to suppress and abolish the freedom of speech ,

1875-498: The eleventh President of the Philippines . Senate President Ferdinand Marcos was elected president in 1965 , defeating incumbent President Diosdado Macapagal by a margin of 52 to 43 percent. During this time, Marcos was very active in the initiation of public works projects and the intensification of tax collections. Marcos and his government claimed that they "built more roads than all his predecessors combined and more schools than any previous administration". Amidst charges from

1950-594: The freedom of the press , and many other civil liberties . President Marcos also dissolved the Philippine Congress and shut down media establishments critical of the Marcos Administration. He also ordered the immediate arrest of his political opponents and critics. Among those arrested were Senate President Jovito Salonga , and the leaders Senator Jose W. Diokno and Senator Ninoy Aquino — whom Marcos sent to Laur, Nueva Ecija — and

2025-459: The grammatical antecedent , is present. The pronouns ya and la have special forms when they are used in conjunction with the words ati ('there is/are') and ala ('there is/are not'). Both ati yu and ati ya are correct. The plural form ('they are') is atilu and atila . Both ala la and ala lu are correct in the plural form. The singular forms are ala ya and ala yu . Kapampangan pronouns follow

2100-607: The 18th century, they sought refuge in the town to escape discrimination and persecution in Manila . After their near-total slaughter , the Chinese lived in relative peace while they freely practiced their craft and mingled hand-in-hand with the local residents. The Chinese residents were merchants, masons, woodcarvers, carpenters, agriculturists and labourers. Their influence on the cultural and economic life of Guagua cannot be overlooked. The town could not have prospered so well without

2175-554: The 1973 plebiscite through the simple counting of hands raised by children and adults that involved questions such as the option for more rice in lieu of constitutional affirmation. With practically all of his political opponents arrested, out of office, and in exile, President Marcos's pre-emptive declaration of martial law in 1972 and the ratification of his new constitution by more than 95% of voters enabled Marcos to effectively legitimize his government and hold on to power for another 14 years beyond his first two terms as president. In

2250-649: The Barangays of Barrios. The seat of Government is vested upon the Mayor and other elected officers who hold office at the Town hall. The Sangguniang Bayan is the center of legislation. For elementary and high school education, Guagua has numerous schools. The town has interesting culture and heritage attractions and landmarks, including Rufino Santos Catholic Center, Capt. Ruben P. Sonco Freedom Square, Monument of Aurelio Tolentino (1867-1915). The Guagua National Colleges

2325-629: The JAJA coalition, as a means to unite the businessmen, communists, and other groups. Most of the KOMPIL members were led by the AMA leaders. Meanwhile, Diokno, Lorenzo M. Tañada of MABINI, Butz and Corazon Aquino, and a few others were elected the overall presiding leaders in a search to find the opposition candidate. The main issue was whether to accept the CAMEL or Call for Meaningful Elections or, as Diokno and

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2400-623: The Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) party. Thus within a matter of only a few weeks the candidates were fixed and the campaign period was set for the 1986 snap election. The election was held on February 7, 1986. The official election canvasser, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), declared that Marcos was the winner. The final tally of the COMELEC had Marcos winning with 10,807,197 votes against Aquino's 9,291,761 votes. On

2475-578: The Marcos family's first term in the 1960s, the Philippines was left vulnerable when the US economy went into recession in the third quarter of 1981, forcing the Reagan administration to increase interest rates. The Philippine government plunged further into debt and the economy began going into decline in 1981, continuing to do so by the time of the Benigno Aquino Jr. assassination in 1983. By

2550-546: The Marcos-controlled unicameral congress called the Regular Batasang Pambansa . To select a leader, the convenor's group of opposition leaders formed underlying principles. These principles, mainly proposed and edited by Diokno, discussed matters that involved anti-foreign domination in the economy, especially American intervention and military bases. After the principles were agreed upon by

2625-568: The Marcoses. The event led to more suspicions about the government, triggering non-cooperation among Filipinos that eventually led to outright civil disobedience . It also shook the Marcos Administration, which was by then deteriorating due in part to Marcos's blatant illness (turned out to be the fatal lupus erythematosus ). In 1984, Marcos appointed a commission, first led by Chief Justice Enrique Fernando and later Corazon Agrava , to launch an investigation into Aquino's assassination. Despite

2700-622: The Opposition) [REDACTED] Ferdinand Marcos ( President of the Philippines ) Events/Artifacts (north to south) Events/Artifacts Artifacts Presidency Family Unexplained wealth Legacy Related [REDACTED] The People Power Revolution , also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution , were a series of popular demonstrations in

2775-645: The Philippines President Cardinal Ricardo Vidal , the Archbishop of Cebu . It is rightfully remembered as a “ Rosary miracle ” in the peaceful victory. The protests, fueled by the resistance and opposition after years of governance by President Marcos and his cronies , ended with the ruler, his family, and some of their supporters fleeing to exile in Hawaii ; and Ninoy Aquino 's widow, Corazon Aquino , inaugurated as

2850-607: The Philippines with only 639,687 households still speaking the language. Standard Kapampangan has 21 phonemes : 15 consonants and five vowels ; some western dialects have six vowels. Syllabic structure is relatively simple; each syllable contains at least one consonant and a vowel. Standard Kapampangan has five vowel phonemes: There are four main diphthongs : /aɪ/ , /oɪ/ , /aʊ/ , and /iʊ/ . In most dialects (including standard Kapampangan), /aɪ/ and /aʊ/ are reduced to /ɛ/ and /o/ respectively. Monophthongs have allophones in unstressed and syllable-final positions: In

2925-486: The Second district of Pampanga, along with the towns in the south-western part of the province. Like other towns in the Philippines, Guagua is governed by a mayor and vice mayor who are elected to three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head and leads the town's departments in executing the ordinances and improving public services. The vice mayor heads a legislative council (Sangguniang Bayan) consisting of councilors from

3000-492: The United States. In 1972, the Moro National Liberation Front , a militant Muslim separatist group, formed in the southern island of Mindanao . Marcos soon used the rise of militant and civil unrest as justification for declaring martial law. Barred from running for a third term as president in 1973, Marcos announced Proclamation No. 1081 on September 23, 1972, declaring martial law , using

3075-473: The absolutive case, and the row headings denote the ergative case . Kapampangan's demonstrative pronouns differ from other Philippine languages by having separate forms for singular and plural. The demonstrative pronouns ini and iti (and their respective forms) both mean 'this', but each has distinct uses. Iti usually refers to something abstract, but may also refer to concrete nouns: iting musika ('this music'), iti ing gagawan mi ('this

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3150-594: The actor of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. Ergative or genitive markers mark the object (usually indefinite) of an intransitive verb and the actor of a transitive one. It also marks possession. Oblique markers, similar to prepositions in English, mark (for example) location and direction. Noun markers are divided into two classes: names of people (personal) and everything else (common). Examples: Kapampangan pronouns are categorized by case: absolutive, ergative, and oblique. Genitive pronouns follow

3225-568: The campaign. In 1980, Ninoy Aquino suffered a heart attack, and was compassionately released from prison to undergo a heart bypass surgery in the United States. Aquino stayed with his wife Corazon, and children in Boston College as a fellow for numerous American universities such as Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Because the Marcos administration's spending had relied so heavily on debt since

3300-462: The chart of Kapampangan consonants, all stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions, including the beginning of a word. Unlike other languages of the Philippines but similar to Ilocano , Kapampangan uses /h/ only in words of foreign origin. Stress is phonemic in Kapampangan. Primary stress occurs on the last or the next-to-last syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress, except when stress occurs at

3375-474: The coalitions tended to pursue Diokno's philosophy of pressure politics or mass actions to influence and sway the Marcos dictatorship. Parliamentarians of the streets, as they were called, applied pressure politics, and soon other coalitions were formed, culminating in the first call for elections for the opposition in the Kongreso ng Mamamayang Pilipino or KOMPIL. KOMPIL was organized by Aquino's ATOM from

3450-467: The commission's conclusions, Cardinal Jaime Sin , the Archbishop of Manila, declined an offer to join the commission and rejected the government's views on the assassination. This began a period of coalitions, first led by the nationalist liberal democrats under Jose W. Diokno called Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan or KAAKBAY , an umbrella organization founded in 1983, which headed

3525-538: The economic services provided by the Chinese. The town took significant part in the revolutionary struggles against the foreign intruders. A house near a church was made a secret cell of the Katipuneros in August 1897. In March 1898, a massacre of all Spanish sympathisers in Guagua marked the end of Spanish colonialism and the outset of American rule . Moreover, during the Philippine–American War and

3600-403: The end of a word. Stress shift can occur, shifting to the right or left to differentiate between nominal or verbal use (as in the following examples): Stress shift can also occur when one word is derived from another through affixation; again, stress can shift to the right or the left: In Kapampangan, the proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə merged to /a/ in most dialects of Kapampangan; it

3675-528: The end of that year, the economy contracted by 6.8%. The economic and political instability combined to produce the worst recession in Philippine history in 1984 and 1985, with the economy contracting by 7.3% for two successive years. Despite threats from First Lady Imelda Marcos , Ninoy Aquino was determined to return home, saying that "the Filipino is worth dying for". After failing to apply for

3750-542: The ensuing Second World War , Guagua became an important battleground. At the turn of the twentieth century, a new system of education was introduced and made popular and available to the Filipinos. The Guagua Elementary School in Barangay Santa Filomena, is believed to be the first to be established in the town in the year 1901. Later in that year, an English teacher came to Betis district and opened

3825-624: The ergative-case ning ; non-subject patients are marked with the accusative-case -ng , which is cliticized onto the preceding word. DIR:direct case morpheme S‹um›ulat   ‹ AT ›will.write yang ya =ng 3SG . DIR = ACC poesia   poem ing   DIR People Power Revolution [REDACTED] Opposition Political parties: Military defectors: Others: Religious groups: Militant groups: [REDACTED] Government Military loyalists: Government parties: Others: [REDACTED] Corazon Aquino (Leader of

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3900-406: The existence of a prehistoric community in Guagua. Early inhabitants opted to stay in the town because it was here that they could engage in barter trade with people from different islands, along with other means of livelihood like fishing and farming. The navigable river with which the town was endowed allowed shipping vessels to transport commodities to and from other chief localities, particularly

3975-533: The first grand liberal coalition called JAJA, or the Justice for Aquino, Justice for All movement. JAJA consisted of organizations such as the social democrat -based August Twenty One Movement (ATOM) led by Butz Aquino , KAAKBAY, MABINI, the Makati-based Alliance of Makati Associations or AMA, and others. This was before the division of the center-left and national democratic /Marxist left, when

4050-740: The imperial Manila. The first cargo boat to arrive in Guagua was the Doña Dominga on May 7, 1884. Much later it was followed by the steamships Kaibigan and Kababayan , which anchored at the pier in Bgy Santo Niño, better known as the Yañgco Landing. In 1892, when the Manila–Mabalacat railroad was inaugurated, Guagua was virtually the port of embarkation to and from Manila that served the province. The Chinese have long been part in Guagua's social and economic mainstream. In

4125-613: The increasing disparity of wealth between the very wealthy and the very poor that made up the majority of the Philippines' population led to a rise in crime and civil unrest around the country. In March 1969, the New People's Army (NPA) was formed as the military wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines , initiating the still-ongoing CPP–NPA–NDF rebellion. Marcos quickly denounced the movement, hoping to gain monetary and political support from anti-Communist administrators in

4200-483: The last opposition leader yet to be released from prison at Fort Bonifacio, Aquino founded his political party , Lakas ng Bayan (abbreviated "LABAN"; English: People's Power ) to run for office in the Interim Batasang Pambansa (Parliament). All LABAN candidates lost, including Aquino himself. He appeared in a television interview with Ronnie Nathanielsz to freely criticize the regime during

4275-569: The man who was groomed by the opposition to succeed President Marcos after the 1973 elections. A constitutional convention , which had been called for in 1970 to replace the Commonwealth-era 1935 Constitution , continued the work of framing a new constitution after the declaration of martial law. The new constitution went into effect in early 1973, changing the form of government from presidential to parliamentary and allowing President Marcos to stay in power beyond 1973. The constitution

4350-541: The more liberal JAJA members preferred, to boycott the event which might be another fixed election. JAJA was later replaced by the Coalition of Organizations for the Restoration of Democracy (CORD) in the middle of 1984, which retained most of JAJA's features and membership. A year later CORD was replaced by Bagong Alyansang Makabayan or BAYAN, which was to be a platform for Diokno should he run for president, and

4425-431: The only two not to sign the declaration of unity or the underlying principles. Eventually Estrada-Kalaw withdrew after being overwhelmed by the multiple candidates in the selection process and campaigned to become the vice-presidential candidate. Between 64 year old Salonga, who with 64 year old Estrada-Kalaw represented the two largest Liberal Party factions, and Laurel, who was son of former president Jose P. Laurel , it

4500-566: The opposition leaders, as Lorenzo M. Tañada quipped, it became almost automatic and completely expeditious in agreeing unanimously on one candidate to face Marcos. For the initial step in nominating a candidate, the selection process started out with a pooled list among the opposition leaders themselves. The list of candidates for president were mostly including former senators: Jose W. Diokno, Butz Aquino, Jovito Salonga , Eva Estrada-Kalaw , Salvador "Doy" Laurel , Ambrosio Padilla , Aquilino Pimentel , Raul Manglapus , and Ramon Mitra , as well as

4575-489: The opposition party of vote-buying and a fraudulent election, President Marcos was reelected in the 1969 Philippine presidential election , this time defeating Sergio Osmeña Jr. by 61 to 39 percent. President Marcos's second term for the presidency was marred by allegations by the opposition Liberal Party of widespread graft and corruption. According to leftists who rioted during the First Quarter Storm ,

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4650-496: The province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac ( Bamban , Capas , Concepcion , San Jose , Gerona , La Paz , Victoria and Tarlac City ). It is also spoken in border communities of the provinces of Bataan ( Dinalupihan , Hermosa and Orani ), Bulacan ( Baliuag , San Miguel , San Ildefonso , Hagonoy , Plaridel , Pulilan and Calumpit ), Nueva Ecija ( Cabiao , San Antonio , San Isidro , Gapan and Cabanatuan ) and Zambales ( Olongapo City and Subic ). In Mindanao,

4725-408: The railroad was chartered on November 17, 1907. Later in 1918, Guagua National Institute (now Guagua National Colleges) in Barangay Santa Filomena was founded in the convento of the local church. Further, in 1941, the then- parish priest felt the need for another high school in town, so he opened Saint Michael's College. In November 1959, nine rural barrios (now barangays) of Guagua were granted

4800-813: The same time', Mikakapapagsisiluguranan , 'everyone loves each other', Makapagkapampangan , 'can speak Kapampangan', and Mengapangaibuganan , 'until to fall in love'. Long words frequently occur in normal Kapampangan. Kapampangan nouns are not inflected , but are usually preceded by case markers . There are three types of case markers: absolutive ( nominative ), ergative ( genitive ), and oblique . Unlike English and Spanish (which are nominative–accusative languages ) and Inuit and Basque (which are ergative–absolutive languages ), Kapampangan has Austronesian alignment (in common with most Philippine languages). Austronesian alignment may work with nominative (and absolutive) or ergative (and absolutive) markers and pronouns. Absolutive or nominative markers mark

4875-452: The vast land of Guagua make it ideal for the growing of fruit trees and vegetables. Among the fruit trees most fitting to be planted are mangoes, guavas, santol, star apples, and bananas. For vegetables, sitao, upo, ampalaya, gabi and cucumber are the most commonly produced by farmers and which thrive best in the community. Being void of forest areas, its fauna are mostly the domesticated ones like, chicken, ducks, cattle, and others. Guagua

4950-401: The verbs change according to triggers in the sentence (better known as voices). Kapampangan has five voices: agent, patient, goal, locative, and cirumstantial. The circumstantial voice prefix is used for instrument and benefactee subjects. The direct case morphemes in Kapampangan are ing (which marks singular subjects) and reng , for plural subjects. Non-subject agents are marked with

5025-811: The word order can be very flexible and change to VOS ( Verb-Object-Subject ) and SVO ( Subject-Verb-Object ). Just like other Austronesian languages, Kapampangan is also an agglutinative language where new words are formed by adding affixes onto a root word (affixation) and the repetition of words, or portions of words (reduplication), (for example: anak ('child') to ának-ának ('children')). Root words are frequently derived from other words by means of prefixes, infixes, suffixes and circumfixes. (For example: kan ('food') to kanan ('to eat') to ' kakanan ('eating') to kakananan ('being eaten')). Kapampangan can form long words through extensive use of affixes, for example: Mikakapapagbabalabalangingiananangananan , 'a group of people having their noses bleed at

5100-401: The word they modify. Oblique pronouns can replace the genitive pronoun, but precede the word they modify. The dual pronoun ikata and the inclusive pronoun ikatamu refer to the first and second person. The exclusive pronoun ikamí refers to the first and third persons. Kapampangan differs from many Philippine languages in requiring the pronoun even if the noun it represents, or

5175-430: The world". The majority of the demonstrations took place on a long stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue , more commonly known by its acronym EDSA , in Metro Manila from February 22 to 25, 1986. They involved over two million Filipino civilians, as well as several political and military groups, and religious groups led by Cardinal Jaime Sin , the Archbishop of Manila , along with Catholic Bishops' Conference of

5250-499: Was approved by 95% of the voters in the Philippine constitutional plebiscite . The constitution was part of the landmark Javellana v. Executive Secretary case (G.R. No. 36142) that led to the resignation of Chief Justice Roberto Concepcion . Part of the plot of the regime involved legitimizing the military rule through the new constitution providing legislative and executive powers to the president. Simultaneously Marcos conducted

5325-526: Was decided by men such as Chino Roces that both candidates might lack the popularity needed to win. This was because Salonga had spent much time in exile in the United States while Laurel, the founder and main head of UNIDO, was deemed "too lightweight". UNIDO and the other coalitions agreed to choose Aquino's wife Cory Aquino instead of Doy Laurel or Estrada-Kalaw and began the Cory Aquino for President Movement or CAPM, led by Roces, et al. Only Laurel,

5400-495: Was led by Tañada and student leader Lean Alejandro of the University of the Philippines . However the socialists/national democrats took control of the coalition so Diokno, Ambrosio Padilla , and the liberal democrats as well as Butz Aquino, ATOM, and the social democrats left BAYAN to the present national democratic coalition that it has become in the 21st century. Eventually the top leaders decided to convene to select

5475-415: Was noted for Gonzalo de Córdova and Comedia Heróica de la Conquista de Granada , and playwright Juan Crisóstomo Soto  [ pam ; tl ; nl ] wrote Alang Dios in 1901. "Crissotan" was written by Amado Yuzon , Soto's 1950s contemporary and Nobel Prize nominee for peace and literature, to immortalize his contribution to Kapampangan literature. Kapampangan is predominantly spoken in

5550-454: Was severely devastated by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. Guagua is bounded on the north by the towns of Bacolor and Santa Rita; on the south by the towns of Sasmuan and Lubao; on the east, Macabebe and Sasmuan; and on the west, Porac and Floridablanca. It is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the capital city of San Fernando , 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Angeles City , and 76 kilometres (47 mi) from Metro Manila . The town

5625-476: Was unfortunately razed by fire. The current Church structure was constructed in 1772 under the administration of the Augustinians. The Church was greatly improved in 1862 until 1870. The interiors are simple and the centerpiece attraction is the main altar, a creation of noted local artist Willy Layug. While still simple, the exteriors on the other hand, are marked by massive strength. The Cathedral-type church

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