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48-566: The river is 657 km (408 mi) long and drains an area of about 58,000 km (22,000 sq mi). It rises at Cañada de las Fuentes (village of Quesada ) in the Cazorla mountain range ( Jaén ), flows through Córdoba and Seville and reaches the sea between the municipalities of Almonte and the fishing village of Bonanza , in Sanlúcar de Barrameda , flowing into the Gulf of Cádiz, in

96-416: A cityscape of intermixed historic buildings (monasteries, churches, etc.) and more modern ones. This part of the city developed at the beginning of the 20th century as the neighbourhood of the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy. Sanlúcar was then a popular beach resort; presently the people living in this area are generally linked to local wine-making interests and the tourist industry. Because of its position at

144-514: A long series of works was started to again provide Seville with a good connection to the sea. The construction of the canal known as the Corta de Merlina in 1794 marked the beginning of the modernisation of the port of Seville. After five years of work (2005–2010), in late November 2010 the new Seville lock designed to regulate tides was finally in operation. In Medieval times, the Guadalquivir

192-405: A power source, was another reason for the decline of navigation on this section of the river. The weirs that stored water in order to guarantee a steady power supply for water mills, directly hindered navigation. There were openings in the weirs, but their passage caused much damage to the barges. The weirs also led to raising the river bed. Perez de Oliva proposed to build locks in these weirs as

240-490: A preliminary measure to restore navigation. In the end, the above developments put an end to inland navigation in the area. The iconic Albolafia is a hydropowered scoop wheel . It was originally built by the Romans and lifted water from the river to the nearby Alcázar gardens. It was also used to mill flour. The Guadalquivir River Basin occupies an area of 63,085 km and has a long history of severe flooding. During

288-618: A result of the increased flow of the Guadalquivir, which on 6 March 2010 reached 2,000 m/s (71,000 cu ft/s) in Córdoba and 2,700 m/s (95,000 cu ft/s) in Seville. This was below that recorded in Seville in the flood of 1963 when 6,000 m/s (210,000 cu ft/s). was reached. During August 2010, when flooding occurred in Jaén, Córdoba and Seville, three people died in Córdoba. The Doñana disaster , also known as

336-491: Is a Spanish municipality in the province of Jaén . It is in the Alto Guadalquivir comarca and its inhabitants are called quesadenses or quesadeños . It has an area of 328.7 km² and 5483 inhabitants according to the 2016 census. Its population has decreased in the last half of the twentieth century. In 1950, 12,224 quesadeños were registered. The eastern and southern parts of its municipality are part of

384-626: Is a city in the northwest of Cádiz province , part of the autonomous community of Andalucía in southern Spain . Sanlúcar is located on the left bank at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River opposite the Doñana National Park , 52 km from the provincial capital Cádiz and 119 km from Sevilla capital of the autonomous region Andalucía. Its population is 68,656 inhabitants ( National Institute of Statistics 2019 ). Sanlúcar has been inhabited since ancient times, and

432-516: Is assumed to have belonged to the realm of the Tartessian civilization. The town of San Lucar was granted to the Spanish nobleman Alonso Pérez de Guzmán in 1297. Its strategic location made the city a starting point for the exploration, colonization and evangelization of America between the 15th and 17th centuries. Sanlúcar lost much of its strategic value after 1645 because of the disgrace of

480-690: Is dedicated to the goddess Thetis (others are exhibited in the Provincial Museum of Jaén). The villa is next to an early Christian basilica and is open to the public. More recent is the "Watchtower of the Infante Don Enrique", dated 1314, above the port of Tíscar. It is open to the public and offers wide views. Tíscar Castle, with a fragmentary tower, is next to the Water Cave, a natural cavern containing an impressive waterfall (except during times of drought). According to legend,

528-647: Is located on the Atlantic coast of the autonomous community of Andalusia, in the province of Cadiz, specifically on the left side of the mouth of the Guadalquivir River, which separates the provinces of Huelva and Seville . The municipality covers an area of 174.3 km with 6 km of beaches. The city is part of the tourist area known as the Costa de la Luz (Coast of the Light), about 44 km from

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576-611: Is one of Spain's three better-known sherry -producing towns. (The other two are Jerez de la Frontera , for which sherry is named, and El Puerto de Santa María .) Although a seaside town, Sanlúcar de Barrameda is also home to the oldest horse races in Spain and some of the oldest in Europe . The races take place just before sunset along the beach at the mouth of the river Guadalquivir every August before thousands of spectators. Contested at distances of 1500 m and 1800 m, these were

624-625: Is the talarines, a close relative of the Gazpacho manchego and the tatters, consisting of a stew of meat, vegetables, and mushrooms in which dough wafers are cooked that are broken into pieces (hence the name of tatters). Pipirrana, crumbs, porridge, ajoharina, gachurreno, etc. are also prepared. Some typical quesadeños sweets are: fig bread, papajotes, sweet gachillas, florets, drunkards, and bath donuts. Sanl%C3%BAcar de Barrameda Sanlúcar de Barrameda ( Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈlukaɾ ðe βaraˈmeða] ), or simply Sanlúcar ,

672-565: The Atlantic Ocean . The course of the Guadalquivir is divided into three parts. This division is based on the main course of the river and its confluence with other rivers. The upper course of the river runs from the source of the Guadalquivir roughly to Mengíbar . It includes its junction with the Guadalimar , just east of Mengíbar. The middle course curso medio starts near Mengíbar and ends near Palma del Río . It includes

720-638: The House of Medina Sidonia , the general decline of Spain under Charles II, the relocation of the Casa de Contratación to the town of Cadiz in 1717, and the Lisbon earthquake of 1755. In the 19th century the economy of the city was converted to viticulture and summer tourism. The 20th century brought destruction and political upheaval as it did elsewhere in Spain during the Spanish Civil War . Sanlúcar

768-642: The Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park . The source of the Guadalquivir River is in its municipal district, in the Cañada de las Fuentes. In its municipal area there are caves with rock art, although they are rarely visited, and the remains of a Bronze Age necropolis. There are also the ruins of the Roman villa of Bruñel, which has some preserved mosaics, the most spectacular of which

816-576: The designation of origin " Sierra de Cazorla ". Cereal cultivation is now vestigial, as it has been replaced by olive groves. From January 19 to January 21, the festival of San Sebastián is celebrated. Residents of Quesada will wear flags, have drummers, and lights to shine on key areas of the town. The two most important holidays, both dedicated to the Virgin of Tíscar, are held in August and in May. On

864-588: The 17th century, as well as votive lamps from the 18th century. The paintings from different eras of great masters are kept. The verses of Antonio Machado dedicated to the Virgin of Tíscar and the Sierra de Quesada are sculpted in the sanctuary square and on a stone slab. In turn, it was a tribute to the Sevillian poet that the town of Quesada honored him in 1957. There is a building on Avenida de Almería where all

912-637: The 1st century BC, Hispalis was a walled city with shipyards building longboats to carry wheat. In the 1st century AD the Hispalis was home to entire naval squadrons. Ships sailed to Rome with various products: minerals, salt, fish, etc. During the Arab rule between 712 and 1248 the Moors built a stone dock and the Torre del Oro (Tower of Gold), to reinforce the port defences. In the 13th century Ferdinand III expanded

960-820: The Andalusian municipalities of Úbeda , Peal de Becerro and Torreperogil in the province of Jaén . The Port of Seville is the main port on the Guadalquivir River. The Port Authority of Seville is responsible for developing, managing, operating, and marketing the Port of Seville. The entrance to the Port of Seville is protected by a lock that regulates the water level, making the port free of tidal influences. The Port of Seville has over 2,700 m (8,900 ft) of berths for public use and 1,100 m (3,600 ft) of private berths. These docks and berths are used for solid and liquid bulk cargoes, roll-on/roll-off cargoes, containers, private vessels and cruise ships. In 2001,

1008-593: The Aznalcóllar Disaster or Guadiamar Disaster was an industrial accident in Andalusia. In April 1998 a holding dam burst at the Los Frailes mine, near Aznalcóllar , Seville Province , releasing 4 to 5 million cubic metres (140 to 180 million cubic feet) of mine tailings. The Doñana National Park was also affected by this event. Of the numerous bridges spanning the Guadalquivir, one of

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1056-509: The Port of Seville handled almost 4.9 million tonnes (5.4 million short tons) of cargo, including 3.0 million tonnes (3.3 million short tons) of solid bulk, 1.6 million tonnes (1.8 million short tons) of general cargo, and over 264,000 tonnes (291,000 short tons) of liquid bulk. Almost 1,500 vessels brought cargo into the port, including more than 101,000 TEUs of containerized cargo . Quesada, Spain Quesada

1104-502: The Virgin of Tíscar, patron saint of Quesada, appeared to the king of Tíscar, Mohamed Abdón, within the cave in the fourteenth century. At the foot of the castle, on a plateau, stands the sanctuary of the Virgin of Tíscar. It retains a primitive Gothic style door of the 14th century. Its interior contains an altar in Neo-Romanesque style made in painted terracotta by artists from Orea y Baños. There are rich gates of Granada from

1152-572: The dawn of the 29th, the Quesada locals travel to the Virgin of Tíscar to bring it back to the town. They begin at the town and make their way to the sanctuary, which is 14 kilometres away. The locals travel on foot to the Humilladero cross, located at the exit of the town. Here, the quesadeños and people of the region give an emotional farewell to the Mother of God and her Most Holy Son. From there,

1200-487: The famous Sanlúcar prawn). These two occupations were naturally concentrated in different parts of the town, and until the modernizing trends of the last few decades, there were marked distinctions between the people living in each area. People living near the sea, in the area known as Bajo de Guía , were almost exclusively dedicated to fishing. Now these same people combine fishing with managing restaurants that rely on fresh fish and shellfish for their menus. People living in

1248-478: The first Saturday of May, a pilgrimage occurs to bring the Virgin of Tíscar to its sanctuary. It is known as the "brought of the Virgin" day. During this trip, the Virgin of Tíscar crosses the town to the church, where she will remain until the end of August. During the trip, the quesadeños throw rose petals. On the mantle of the Virgin of Tíscar, they pin fifty or one hundred euro bills as an offering. The summer holiday begins on August 23 and ends on August 28. On

1296-534: The first anchorage grounds and dealt in precious metals. The ancient city of Tartessos (that gave its name to the Tartessian Civilization) was said to have been located at the mouth of the Guadalquivir, although its site has not yet been found. The Romans , whose name for the river was Baetis , settled in Hispalis ( Seville ), in the 2nd century BC, making it into an important river port. By

1344-672: The first regulated horse races in Spain; the riders wear distinctive colours and caps. Other annual events include the Sanlúcar Tapas Fair, a local gastronomy competition; the Feria de la Manzanilla in late May, which is held at the beginning of the Noches de Bajo de Guía flamenco season; classical and jazz festivals; and the occasional concert by a major act. The city is also known for the Romería de El Rocío pilgrimage, one of

1392-482: The flag bearer, the guidance, and the small charge, accompanied by the drummer and an enthusiastic entourage, depart on the 26th towards the Sanctuary of Tíscar where the image of the Virgin. During the return, from cortijada to cortijada, the tasty products of the slaughter and the good wine receive the entourage. On the 27th, with the renewal of the "Charges" of the coming year, this party ends. The most unique dish

1440-475: The higher elevations away from the sea, in a part of the town known as the Barrio Alto , formerly dedicated themselves exclusively to agriculture. However, with the advent of mechanisation this sector requires less manpower throughout the year, and most farm workers now work only seasonally during the grape harvest, in the so-called "sherry triangle". The centre of Sanlúcar developed as a commercial hub, with

1488-493: The historical archives of the House of Medina Sidonia (Archivo de la Casa de Medina Sidonia) ; the major part of the patrimony of the House of Medina Sidonia is located in the palace of the same name. The patron saint of the city is Our Lady of Charity , to whom it was dedicated in 1917. Concerning the etymology of both names, there is no consensus among scholars, but several hypotheses have been advanced: Sanlúcar de Barrameda

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1536-480: The monopoly of the trans-oceanic trade. As early as the Middle Ages navigation of the Guadalquivir River was already becoming increasingly difficult: by the year 1500, a great deal of heavy cargo was being handled farther downstream at the harbor of Sanlúcar de Barrameda , where the Guadalquivir exits into the sea. As a consequence, Seville finally lost its trade monopoly to Cádiz . During the late 18th century,

1584-724: The more popular expressions of the Roman Catholic faith; it can be compared to the pilgrimages to Santiago or Lourdes . Sanlúcar has had since ancient times a popular taste for bullfighting and has given the world of bullfighting several well-known bullfighters including Manuel Hermosilla y Llanera, José Martínez Ahumada ("Limeño") , Francisco Ojeda González ("Paco" Ojeda), Julio Vega Rodríguez ("Marismeño"), José Luis Parada, and Manuel Rodríguez Blanco ("El Manguin"). People in Sanlúcar historically worked primarily in agriculture (mainly viticulture ) and fishing (especially for

1632-577: The oldest is the Roman bridge of Córdoba . Significant bridges at Seville include the Puente del Alamillo (1992), Puente de Isabel II or Puente de Triana (1852), and Puente del Centenario (completed in 1992). The El Tranco de Beas Dam at the head of the river was built between 1929 and 1944 as a hydroelectricity project of the Franco regime . Doña Aldonza Dam is located in the Guadalquivir riverbed, in

1680-506: The paintings by Rafael Zabaleta and his friends are available. Paintings from all periods of the painter are preserved, in a chronological way, and were donated by the heirs of Zabaleta to the town of Quesada. Currently, and since March 28, 2015, it houses the Miguel Hernández Museum and his wife Josefina Manresa. In agriculture , the olive grove dominates, being part of its olive cooperative (La Bética Aceitera) of

1728-700: The provincial capital of Cádiz. This includes the marshes of the Pinar de la Bonanza Algaida and the marshes of the Guadalquivir , part of the Doñana Natural Park . Sanlúcar de Barrameda borders the municipalities of Trebujena , Jerez de la Frontera , Rota , Puerto de Santa María , and Chipiona . Its topography is shown in the MTN50 sheet (scale 1:50,000) No. 1047 of the National Topographic Map. In 1264, after Sanlúcar de Barrameda

1776-519: The river borders the Doñana National Park reserve. The modern name of Guadalquivir comes from the Arabic al- wādī l-kabīr ( اَلْوَادِي الْكَبِيرْ ), meaning "the great river". There were a variety of names for the Guadalquivir in Classical and pre-Classical times. According to Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome , Book 28, the native people of Tartessians or Turdetanians called

1824-567: The river by two names: Certis (Kertis) and Rherkēs ( Ῥέρκης ). Greek geographers sometimes called it "the river of Tartessos ", after the city of that name. The Romans called it by the name Baetis (which was the basis for name of the province of Hispania Baetica ). During a significant portion of the Holocene , the western Guadalquivir valley was occupied by an inland sea, the Tartessian Gulf . The Phoenicians established

1872-582: The river's confluence with the Guadiana Menor and the Genil . The latter confluence is located between Palma del Río and Peñaflor . The lower course of the Guadalquivir runs from Palma del Río to the sea. On its lower course, the Guadalquivir is joined by the river Corbonés and (from the north west) by the Rivera de Huelva . The marshy lowlands at the river's mouth are known as " Las Marismas ". Here,

1920-440: The sea, and thence to the world markets. Main imports like iron and wood, were also cheaper in Córdoba than in cities that lacked aquatic transport. During the 16th century, the silting up of the Guadalquivir became ever more serious and started to halt navigation on the river. In 1524 Fernán Pérez de Oliva made a famous speech about navigation between Sevilla and Córdoba. The use of the river section between Córdoba and Sevilla as

1968-569: The shipyards and from Seville's busy port, grain, oil, wine, wool, leather, cheese, honey, wax, nuts and dried fruit, salted fish, metal, silk, linen and dye were exported throughout Europe. Following the discovery of the Americas , Seville became the economic centre of the Spanish Empire, because its port, under the jurisdiction of the Casa de Contratación (House of Trade), had come to hold

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2016-561: The trip continues in a vehicle. In the annex of Belerda, the Feast of the Charges or Feast of the God Boy is celebrated, a tradition that goes back to the 16th century reminiscent of the festival of Moors and Christians and currently, the clothes that carry the charges are old uniforms of the nineteenth century. The party starts on December 25. The five "Charges", the first and second captain,

2064-408: The winter of 2010 heavy rainfall caused severe flooding in rural and agricultural areas in the provinces of Seville, Córdoba and Jaén in the Andalusia region. The accumulated rainfall in the month of February was above 250 mm (10 in), double the precipitation for Spain for that month. In March 2010 several tributaries of the Guadalquivir flooded, causing over 1,500 people to flee their homes as

2112-514: The world. Alonso Fernández de Lugo , conqueror of the Canary Islands , of La Palma (1492) and Tenerife (1495), and subsequently the governor of the islands, was born in Sanlúcar. The ill-fated expedition to Florida led by Pánfilo de Narváez left from Sanlúcar on 17 June 1527. Only four members survived including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca who described the expedition in his work Naufragios. Sights include: Sanlúcar de Barrameda

2160-477: Was declared a Cultural Historical-artistic site in 1973. Since the restoration of democracy (1975–1982) its town council has borrowed heavily, making Sanlúcar the city with the lowest per capita income in Spain. Currently (2010) Sanlúcar is a summer tourist destination famous for its cuisine, especially manzanilla (a variety of fino sherry) and prawns. It is internationally renowned for beach horse racing and flamenco music. Less well known but equally important are

2208-681: Was navigable for barges from Seville up to Córdoba. In the city, there were piers at the Albolafia mill and near the Martos Mill . The bulky wool transports often left from the Cortijo Rubio pier about 15 km downstream. In Medieval times, the river transport between Sevilla and Córdoba was managed by the Barqueros de Córdoba. In medieval times, the navigable river gave Córdoba a cost advantage. It had relatively cheap transport to

2256-804: Was seized from the Moors by King Alfonso X of Castile , it was reconstituted as the capital of the Señorío de Sanlúcar , and became during the 15th and 16th centuries one of the most important ports for trade connecting the Atlantic coast with the Mediterranean . After the discovery of the New World , Sanlúcar developed as a port for refitting ships, and was the point of departure for various Spanish conquistadors . On 30 May 1498 Christopher Columbus left for his third voyage from Sanlúcar (See Voyages of Christopher Columbus ). Another historical departure

2304-486: Was that of Ferdinand Magellan on 10 August 1519, who with a fleet of five ships under his command left Seville and traveled down the Guadalquivir to Sanlúcar de Barrameda at its mouth, where they remained more than five weeks. Sanlúcar also witnessed the arrival in 1522 of the last surviving ship of Magellan's expedition, the Nao Victoria commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano , which was the first ship to circumnavigate

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