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34-482: Not to be confused with Guicciardi . [REDACTED] Coat of arms of Guicciardini family The House of Guicciardini is the name of an old and important Florentine family, which originated from Mugello, as rich landowners, and moved to Florence in the XIVth century. When Francesco Guicciardini (1851–1915) married Princess Luisa Strozzi-Majorca-Renzi (1859–1933), this line of

68-573: A hoax?" Therese's doubts were well-founded because, unlike Schindler and other contemporaries, she knew all about the intense and long-lasting romance between Beethoven and her sister Josephine : "Three letters by Beethoven ... they must be to Josephine whom he had loved passionately." In the 1994 film Immortal Beloved , Countess Guicciardi is played by Valeria Golino . Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven) The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor , marked Quasi una fantasia , Op. 27 , No. 2,

102-495: A modern instrument built on historical principles) are more able to follow Beethoven's direction literally. For performance on the modern piano, several options have been put forth. The C ♯ minor sonata, particularly the third movement, is held to have been the inspiration for Frédéric Chopin 's Fantaisie-Impromptu , and the Fantaisie-Impromptu to have been in fact a tribute to Beethoven. It manifests

136-560: A mournful ghostly voice sounds from the distance". The movement was very popular in Beethoven's day, to the point of exasperating the composer himself, who remarked to Czerny, "Surely I've written better things". In his book Beethoven's pianoforte sonatas , the renowned pianist Edwin Fischer suggests that this movement of this sonata is based on Mozart's " Ah Soccorso! Son Tradito " of his opera Don Giovanni , which comes just after

170-450: A movement with almost the character of a funeral march" and "absurd". Other critics have approved of the sobriquet, finding it evocative or in line with their own interpretation of the work. Gramophone founder Compton Mackenzie found the title "harmless", remarking that "it is silly for austere critics to work themselves up into a state of almost hysterical rage with poor Rellstab", and adding, "what these austere critics fail to grasp

204-530: A piece to dedicate to Guicciardi. In 1823, Beethoven confessed to his secretary and later biographer Anton Schindler , that he was indeed in love with her at the time. In his 1840 Beethoven biography, Schindler claimed that "Giulietta" was the addressee of the letter to the " Immortal Beloved ". This notion was instantly questioned (though not in public) by her cousin Therese Brunsvik : "Three letters by Beethoven, allegedly to Giulietta. Could they be

238-485: A very powerful sound in spite of the predominance of piano (p) markings throughout. At the opening of the first movement, Beethoven included the following direction in Italian: "Si deve suonare tutto questo pezzo delicatissimamente e senza sordino" ("This whole piece ought to be played with the utmost delicacy and without damper[s]" ). The way this is accomplished (both on today's pianos and on those of Beethoven's day)

272-469: Is a piano sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven , completed in 1801 and dedicated in 1802 to his pupil Countess Julie "Giulietta" Guicciardi . Although known throughout the world as the Moonlight Sonata ( German : Mondscheinsonate ), it was not Beethoven who named it so. The name grew popular later, likely long after Beethoven's death. The piece is one of Beethoven's most famous compositions for

306-457: Is a relatively conventional minuet in triple time , with the first section of the minuet not repeated. It is a seeming moment of relative calm written in D ♭ major , the more easily notated enharmonic equivalent of C ♯ major , the parallel major of the main work's key, C ♯ minor. The slight majority of the movement is in piano (p) , but a handful of sforzandos (sfz) and fortepianos ( fp) helps to maintain

340-779: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Guicciardi Julie Guicciardi, as she was named by her family, was born in Przemyśl , Austrian Poland . Her parents were Count Franz Joseph Guicciardi and Countess Susanna von Brunswik. She arrived in Vienna with her parents from Trieste in June 1800, and her beauty caused her to be noticed by high society. She was soon engaged to Count von Gallenberg (1780 –1839), an amateur composer, whom she married on 14 November 1803. Subsequently, they moved to Naples . She returned to Vienna in 1822. In later years, Count Hermann von Pückler-Muskau

374-400: Is perhaps the only instance where one genius discloses to us – if only by means of a composition of his own – what he actually hears in the work of another genius." Carl Bohm composed a piece for violin and piano called "Meditation", Op. 296, in which he adds a violin melody over the unaltered first movement of Beethoven's sonata. Modern popular music pianists have included core motifs of

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408-438: Is probably the "enchanting girl", about whom he wrote on 16 November 1801 to his friend Franz Gerhard Wegeler : "My life is once more a little more pleasant, I'm out and about again, among people – you can hardly believe how desolate, how sad my life has been since these last two years; this change was caused by a sweet, enchanting girl, who loves me and whom I love. After two years, I am again enjoying some moments of bliss, and it

442-408: Is significantly more demanding technically than the 1st and 2nd movements. Of the final movement, Charles Rosen has written "it is the most unbridled in its representation of emotion. Even today, two hundred years later, its ferocity is astonishing". Beethoven's heavy use of sforzando (sfz) notes, together with just a few strategically located fortissimo (ff) passages, creates the sense of

476-447: Is that unless the general public had responded to the suggestion of moonlight in this music Rellstab's remark would long ago have been forgotten." Donald Francis Tovey thought the title of Moonlight was appropriate for the first movement but not for the other two. Carl Czerny , Beethoven's pupil, described the first movement as "a ghost scene, where out of the far distance a plaintive ghostly voice sounds". Franz Liszt described

510-649: Is the first time that – I feel that marriage could make me happy, but unfortunately she is not of my station – and now – I certainly could not marry now." In 1802, he dedicated to her (using the Italian form of her name "Giulietta Guicciardi" to conform with the conventions of dedications) the Piano Sonata No. 14 , which although originally titled Sonata quasi una Fantasia (like its companion piece, Piano Sonata No. 13 in E-flat major ) subsequently became known by

544-421: Is to depress the sustain pedal throughout the movement – or at least to make use of the pedal throughout, but re-applying it as the harmony changes. The modern piano has a much longer sustain time than the instruments of Beethoven's time , so that a steady application of the sustain pedal creates a dissonant sound. In contrast, performers who employ a historically based instrument (either a restored old piano or

578-421: The surname Guicciardini . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guicciardini&oldid=1189451583 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

612-540: The Commendatore’s murder. He claims to have found, in the archives of the Wiener Musikverein , a sketch in Beethoven's handwriting of a few lines of Mozart's music (which bears the same characteristic triplet figuration) transposed to C ♯ minor, the key of the sonata. "In any case, there is no romantic moon-light in this movement: it is rather a solemn dirge ", writes Fischer. The second movement

646-480: The Italian title as " sonata in the manner of a fantasy ". "The subtitle reminds listeners that the piece, although technically a sonata, is suggestive of a free-flowing, improvised fantasia ." Many sources say that the nickname Moonlight Sonata arose after the German music critic and poet Ludwig Rellstab likened the effect of the first movement to that of moonlight shining upon Lake Lucerne . This comes from

680-458: The companion sonata Opus 27, No. 1 and later on in Opus 101 ), namely, placement of the most important movement of the sonata last. The writing has many fast arpeggios /broken chords, strongly accented notes, and fast alberti bass sequences that fall both into the right and left hands at various times. An effective performance of this movement demands lively, skillful playing and great stamina, and

714-484: The earliest pieces of the Romantic era. Instead, the sonata possesses an end-weighted trajectory, with the rapid music held off until the third movement. In his analysis, German critic Paul Bekker states: "The opening sonata-allegro movement gave the work a definite character from the beginning ... which succeeding movements could supplement but not change. Beethoven rebelled against this determinative quality in

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748-644: The family changed its name to Guicciardini-Strozzi . Notable members [ edit ] Francesco Guicciardini (1483–1540), Italian historian and statesman Lodovico Guicciardini (1521–1589), his nephew, Italian historian active in Antwerp Francesco Guicciardini (1851–1915), Italian politician Niccolò Guicciardini (born 1957), Italian historian of mathematics References [ edit ] ^ "Family tree of Ferdinando STROZZI MAJORCA RENZI (1)" . [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

782-402: The first movement. He wanted a prelude , an introduction, not a proposition". The sonata consists of three movements : The first movement, in C ♯ minor and alla breve , is written in modified sonata-allegro form . Donald Francis Tovey warned players of this movement to avoid "taking [it] on a quaver standard like a slow 8 ". The movement opens with an octave in

816-492: The key relationships of the sonata's three movements, chord structures, and even shares some passages. Ernst Oster writes: "With the aid of the Fantaisie-Impromptu we can at least recognize what particular features of the C ♯ minor Sonata struck fire in Chopin. We can actually regard Chopin as our teacher as he points to the coda and says, 'Look here, this is great. Take heed of this example!' ... The Fantaisie-Impromptu

850-624: The left hand and a triplet figuration in the right. A melody that Hector Berlioz called a " lamentation ", mostly by the left hand, is played against an accompanying ostinato triplet rhythm, simultaneously played by the right hand. The movement is played pianissimo (pp) or "very quietly", and the loudest it gets is piano (p) or "quietly". The adagio sostenuto tempo has made a powerful impression on many listeners; for instance, Berlioz commented that it "is one of those poems that human language does not know how to qualify". Beethoven's student Carl Czerny called it "a nocturnal scene, in which

884-500: The moonlight comparison, though the nickname may not have arisen until later. By the late 1830s, the name " Mondscheinsonate " was being used in German publications and "Moonlight Sonata" in English publications. Later in the nineteenth century, the sonata was universally known by that name. Many critics have objected to the subjective, romantic nature of the title "Moonlight", which has at times been called "a misleading approach to

918-433: The movement's cheerful disposition. It is the shortest of the movements and has been called the "less popular" interlude between the first and third movements. Franz Liszt is said to have described the second movement as "a flower between two chasms". The stormy final movement (C ♯ minor), in sonata form and common time , is the weightiest of the three, reflecting an experiment of Beethoven's (also carried out in

952-546: The musicologist Wilhelm von Lenz , who wrote in 1852: "Rellstab compares this work to a boat, visiting, by moonlight, the remote parts of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. The soubriquet Mondscheinsonate , which twenty years ago made connoisseurs cry out in Germany, has no other origin." Taken literally, "twenty years" would mean the nickname had to have started after Beethoven's death. In fact Rellstab made his comment about

986-499: The piano, and was quite popular even in his own day. Beethoven wrote the Moonlight Sonata around the age of 30, after he had finished with some commissioned work; there is no evidence that he was commissioned to write this sonata. The first edition of the score is headed Sonata quasi una fantasia ("sonata almost a fantasy"), the same title as that of its companion piece, Op. 27, No. 1 . Grove Music Online translates

1020-500: The piece in their adaptations. Examples include George Shearing , in his 'Moonlight Becomes You,' on his White Satin album and Alicia Keys 's 'Remixed & Unplugged' version of her Songs in A Minor album. Depeche Mode released a version of the piece, performed by Alan Wilder , as a B-side on their 1988 single Little 15 . The Beatles song Because is based upon the chord progression of Moonlight Sonata played in reverse. Psychedelic rock band Vanilla Fudge covered

1054-534: The popular nickname Moonlight Sonata . This dedication was not Beethoven's original intention, and he did not have Guicciardi in mind when writing the Moonlight Sonata. Thayer , in his Life of Beethoven , states that the work Beethoven originally intended to dedicate to Guicciardi was the Rondo in G, Op. 51 No. 2, but this had to be dedicated to Countess Lichnowsky. So he cast around at the last moment for

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1088-514: The second movement as "a flower between two abysses". Although no direct testimony exists as to the specific reasons why Beethoven decided to title both the Op. 27 works as Sonata quasi una fantasia , it may be significant that the layout of the present work does not follow the traditional movement arrangement in the Classical period of fast–slow–[fast]–fast. Indeed, this sonata is considered one of

1122-584: The sonata's first movement in a story called Theodor that he published in 1824: "The lake reposes in twilit moon-shimmer [ Mondenschimmer ], muffled waves strike the dark shore; gloomy wooded mountains rise and close off the holy place from the world; ghostly swans glide with whispering rustles on the tide, and an Aeolian harp sends down mysterious tones of lovelorn yearning from the ruins." Rellstab made no mention of Lake Lucerne, which seems to have been Lenz's own addition. Rellstab met Beethoven in 1825, making it theoretically possible for Beethoven to have known of

1156-514: Was among her admirers. She died in Vienna in 1856. Beethoven became acquainted with Guicciardi through the Brunsvik family (often known in English as "Brunswick"). He was particularly intimate with her cousins, the sisters Therese and Josephine Brunsvik (whom he had taught the piano since 1799). In late 1801, he became Guicciardi's piano teacher, and apparently became infatuated with her. She

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