Misplaced Pages

#823176

74-906: The Dian Kingdom , which inhabited the present-day area of Guizhou, was annexed by the Han dynasty in 106 BC. Guizhou was formally made a province in 1413 during the Ming dynasty . After the overthrow of the Qing in 1911 and following the Chinese Civil War , the Chinese Communist Party took refuge in Guizhou during the Long March between 1934 and 1935. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China , Mao Zedong promoted

148-730: A bronze lid. Dian weapon types and decorative motifs had some commonalities with Chu. Iaroslav Lebedynsky and Victor H. Mair speculate that some Sakas may also have migrated to the area of Yunnan in southern China following their expulsion by the Yuezhi in the 2nd century BCE. Excavations of the prehistoric art of the Dian civilization of Yunnan have revealed hunting scenes similar to that of Indo-European artwork depicting horsemen in Central Asian clothing. Horsemen practicing hunting are depicted in circular arrangement on top of drums,

222-539: A design often encountered in Scythian art . Animal scenes of felines attacking oxen are also at times reminiscent of Scythian art both in theme and in composition. These objects reflect the influence of steppe art. The bronze lids were covered with miniature figurines and structures, depicting various scenes from the life of the Dian people. The bronze lids depicted the Dian people engaged in everyday activities such as hunting, farming and weaving. Other scenes depicted

296-424: A large number of rivers with continuous flow, and there are 984 rivers with a length of more than 10 kilometers. Guizhou Province has a large number of rivers, with 984 rivers that are over 10 kilometers long. In 2002, the runoff volume of Guizhou's rivers reached 114.52 billion cubic meters. The mountainous characteristics of Guizhou's rivers are evident, with most rivers having broad valleys and gentle water flow in

370-500: A major mountain tourism province, a national ecological civilization pilot zone, and an inland open economic pilot zone. The representative historical culture is "Qian Gui culture"(黔贵文化). In addition, Guizhou is also one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese humans and ancient Chinese culture , with ancient humans living on this land since about half a million years ago. Guizhou is rich in natural, cultural and environmental resources. Its natural industry includes timber and forestry, and

444-455: A means of international transportation. The kingdom of Yelang declared their allegiance to Nanyue rule from the start of 183 BC until the end of 111 BC. The Yi people may be modern-day descendants of the Yelang kingdom. Yelang is best known to modern Chinese because of an incident said to have occurred in the 120s BC. According to the story the king of Yelang, convinced that his kingdom was

518-532: A province in 1413; the capital of the province was originally called "Guizhou", but it is currently known as Guiyang . Evidence of settlement by humans during the Middle Palaeolithic is indicated by stone artefacts, including Levallois pieces, found during archaeological excavations at Guanyindong Cave. These artefacts have been dated to approximately 170,000–80,000 years ago using optically stimulated luminescence methods. From around 1046 BC to

592-466: A significant impact on agricultural production. Like in China's other southwest provinces, rural areas of Guizhou suffered severe drought during spring 2010. Beginning on 3 April 2010, China's premier Wen Jiabao went on a three-day inspection tour in the southwest drought-affected province of Guizhou, where he met villagers and called on agricultural scientists to develop drought-resistant technologies for

666-424: A site connected with the Dian culture, archaeologists discovered a large double coffin burial; The outer coffin was made of wood and the inner coffin was made of bronze. The inner coffin was shaped like a house and weighs over 157 kg. The Yunnan Provincial Museum holds many archaeological relics of the Dian culture. Yelang Yelang , also Zangke , was an ancient political entity first described in

740-579: A variety of Mandarin . The area was first organized as an administrative region of a Chinese empire under the Tang , when it was named Juzhou ( 矩州 ), pronounced Kjú-jyuw in the Middle Chinese of the period. During the Mongol -led Yuan dynasty , the character 矩 ( ju , "carpenter's square") was changed to the more refined 貴 ( gui , "precious or expensive"). The region formally became

814-426: Is 108,740 square kilometers, accounting for 61.7% of the total land area of Guizhou Province. The hilly area is 54,197 square kilometers, accounting for 31.1% of the total land area of Guizhou Province. The area of mountainous flatlands is 13,230 square kilometers, only accounting for 7.5% of the total land area of Guizhou Province. There is a limited amount of land resources available for agricultural development. Due to

SECTION 10

#1732766026824

888-677: Is 176,167 square kilometers, accounting for 1.8% of the total area of China. The easternmost point is in Di Lake Township, Tianzhu County, Qiandongnan Prefecture. The westernmost point is in Yulong Township(玉龙乡), Weining County, Bijie City. The southernmost point is in Luowan Township(洛万乡), Xingyi City, Qianxinan Prefecture. The northernmost point is in Yangxi Town(阳溪镇), Daozhen County, Zunyi City. Guizhou

962-463: Is a mountainous province, although its higher altitudes are in the west and centre. It lies at the eastern end of the Yungui Plateau . At 2,900 m (9,514 ft) above sea level, Jiucaiping is Guizhou's highest point. Guizhou Plateau is predominantly mountainous, and its topography can be generally divided into three basic types: plateau mountains, hills , and basins(盆地), with 92.5% of

1036-620: Is a wetland that is an important overwintering site for many birds. It is a National Nature Reserve and an Important Bird Area identified by BirdLife International . Guizhou is one of the four major medicinal material-producing areas in China. The province boasts 4,419 species of medicinal plants and 301 medicinal animals. It is famous for its 50 "authentic medicinal materials" known both domestically and internationally. Over 350 types of Chinese medicinal resources have been developed and utilized, with Gastrodia elata , Eucommia ulmoides , Coptis chinensis , Evodia rutaecarpa , and Dendrobium being

1110-462: Is abundant, with a distinct rainy season, many cloudy days, and less sunshine, with the number of cloudy days generally exceeding 150 days throughout the year, and the annual relative humidity above 70%. Influenced by atmospheric circulation and terrain, Guizhou's climate is diverse, with the saying. Additionally, the climate is unstable, with a variety of disastrous weather conditions such as droughts , autumn winds, freezing , and hail , which can have

1184-627: Is also rich in wildlife resources, with 1,053 species of vertebrates, including 141 mammals, 509 birds, 104 reptiles, 74 amphibians, and 225 fish species. In broad terms, the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau is one of the vertebrate diversity hotspots of China. At the level of counties, Xingyi is one of nine Chinese vertebrate (excluding birds) diversity hotspots. Animals only known from Guizhou include Leishan moustache toad , Kuankuoshui salamander , Shuicheng salamander , Guizhou salamander , and Zhijin warty newt . Caohai Lake with its surroundings

1258-458: Is derived from this Sanskrit word. The Yelang were believed to have been an alliance of agricultural tribes covering parts of modern-day Guizhou , Hunan , Sichuan and Yunnan . The ancient Chinese historian Sima Qian described Yelang located west of the Mimo and Dian, south of Qiongdu (in what is now southern Sichuan ), and east of the nomadic Sui and Kunming. Some people have identified

1332-716: Is low. The border mountains of Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan have been identified as one of the eight plant diversity hotspots in China. Guizhou Province is home to 9,982 species of vascular plants (including subspecies and varieties, the same below)， The main ecosystem types include evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and montane elfin forest. more than 700 of which are edible, and over 2,000 that are used for greening, beautification, and for pollution resistance and environmental improvement. Plant species endemic to this region include Abies ziyuanensis , Cathaya argyrophylla , and Keteleeria pubescens ， Davidia involucrata , Guizhou Cycas . The province

1406-563: Is roughly 10 to 20 °C, with January temperatures ranging from 1 to 10 °C and July temperatures ranging from 17 to 28 °C. with annual rainfall ranging from 1,000 to 1,400 millimeters; the frost-free period lasts between 250 and 300 days. There is no severe cold in winter and no extreme heat in summer, with the coldest month of January averaging 4-6 degrees Celsius, and the hottest month of July averaging 15-23 degrees Celsius. The unique climatic characteristics make Guizhou an ideal place for leisure travel and summer retreats. Precipitation

1480-413: The Han , Dian and Bashu cultures ". Tomb excavations show a unique burial custom in some Yelang tombs, in which the head of the deceased is placed into a bronze pot. This custom is unknown elsewhere in China. According to Chinese records the Yelang had strong armies. In 2007 a Miao man publicly disclosed his possession of an ancient seal, said to be that of the Yelang kingdom, and claimed to be

1554-876: The Liupanshui Special Area was abolished and the prefecture-level city of Liupanshui was established, governing three special districts, with the municipal government located in Shuicheng Special District, becoming the second prefecture-level city in Guizhou Province. In September 1981, the Xingyi Special Area was abolished and the Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established, with its administrative center in Xingyi. In 1983, Kaili County in

SECTION 20

#1732766026824

1628-755: The Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture and the Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture were established, with their administrative centers in Kaili (the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was established in Zhenyuan on July 23 of the same year and later moved to Kaili in 1958). In 1956, two villages from Qijiang County (綦江县), Sichuan Province, were transferred to Xishui County (习水县), Guizhou Province. In 1960,

1702-567: The Xingyi Special Area, Liuzhi Industrial and Mining Area, Shuicheng Industrial and Mining Area, and Pan County Industrial and Mining Area were established. In 1970, the Wanshan Special District was established, under the jurisdiction of Tongren Special Area. The Liuzhi, Pan County, and Shuicheng industrial and mining areas and their original counties were merged into Liuzhi Special District , Pan County Special District, and Shuicheng Special District. In December 1978,

1776-695: The Yao and Miao minorities during the Miao Rebellions . Chinese-style agriculture flourished with the expertise of farmers from Sichuan, Hunan and its surrounding provinces into Guizhou. Wu Sangui was responsible for the ousting the Ming in Guizhou and Yunnan during the Manchu conquest of China . During the governorship-general of the Qing dynasty 's nobleman Ortai , the tusi system of indirect governance of

1850-412: The energy and mining industries constitute an important part of its economy. Notwithstanding, Guizhou is considered a relatively undeveloped province, with the fourth-lowest GDP per capita in China as of 2020. However, it is also one of China's fastest-growing economies. The Chinese government is looking to develop Guizhou as a data hub. Guizhou is a mountainous province, with its higher altitudes in

1924-489: The 3rd century BC in what is now western Guizhou province, China . It was active for over 200 years. The state is known to modern Chinese from the idiom, "Yelang thinks too highly of itself" ( Chinese : 夜郎自大 ; pinyin : Yèláng zì dà ; lit. 'Yelang self-aggrandizes'). The inhabitants of Yelang called themselves Zina . This may be source of the Sanskrit word Cīna (चीन). The English word China

1998-452: The 75th generation descendant of the King of Yelang. In the early third century BCE, the state of Chu sent Zhuang Qiao to Yelang at the head of a military expedition to prevent the state of Qin from annexing these kingdoms. After negotiating these alliances with the state of Ba, who helped Zhuang Qiao negotiate passage through the state of Bi to reach Yelang. Yelang also accepted the terms of

2072-683: The Baima, who belonged to the Di tribe. Shu is the only place that makes ju berry sauce. large quantities of it are exported in secret to the markets of Yelang, which is situated on the Zangke. The Zangke at that point is over 100 paces across, wide enough to allow boats to move up and down it. The king of Southern Yue sends money and goods in an effort to gain control of Yelang, extending his efforts as far west as Tongshi, but so far he has not succeeded in getting Yelang to acknowledge his sovereignty. In 135 BCE,

2146-469: The Chinese invasion in the hopes of assistance against rival tribes. It was at this time he received his seal from the Chinese, and became a tributary. Emperor Wu sent Wang Ranyu to persuade the king of Dian to submit, pointing out that many of the neighboring tribes had already been defeated. The king of Dian was initially reluctant to accept the offer for he still possessed some 30,000 troops as well as

2220-572: The Chinese southwest in the process of defeating the Song during the Mongol invasion of China , and the newly established Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) saw the importation of Chinese Muslim administrators and settlers from Bukhara in Central Asia. It was during the following Ming dynasty , which was once again led by Han Chinese , that Guizhou was formally made a province in 1413. The Ming established many garrisons in Guizhou from which to pacify

2294-472: The Han envoy Tang Meng brought gifts to Duotong, the king of Yelang, which bordered Dian, and convinced him to submit to the Han. The Jianwei Commandery was established in the region. In 122 BCE, Emperor Wu dispatched four groups of envoys to the southwest in search of a route to Daxia in Central Asia. One group was welcomed by the king of Dian but none of them were able to make it any further as they were blocked in

Guizhou - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-624: The Langdai County(朗岱县) in Anshun Special Area was abolished and Liuzhi City was established, which was later changed back to Liuzhi County. In 1965, the city status of Duyun was restored, serving as the capital of the Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. In 1966, on the basis of Liuzhi County(六枝县) in the former Anshun Special Area, Shuicheng County (水城县) in the Bijie Special Area,and Pan County in

2442-773: The Pan County Special District in Liupanshui City was abolished and Pan County was established. Qingzhen County in the Anshun Special Area was abolished and the county-level Qingzhen City was established, still under the jurisdiction of Anshun Special Area. In 1994, Renhuai County in the Zunyi Special Area was abolished and the county-level Renhuai City was established. Bijie County in the Bijie Special Area

2516-467: The Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was abolished and the county-level Kaili City was established, serving as the capital of the autonomous prefecture. In 1987, the Shuicheng Special District in Liupanshui City was abolished and Shuicheng County and Zhongshan District were established, with the Liupanshui municipal government moving to Zhongshan District; on August 21, Tongren County

2590-807: The Qing, in 1735 , from 1795–1806 and from 1854–1873 . After the overthrow of the Qing in 1911 and following Chinese Civil War , the Communists took refuge in Guizhou during the Long March (1934–1935). While the province was formally ruled by the warlord Wang Jialie , the Zunyi Conference in Guizhou established Mao Zedong as the leader of the Communist Party. As the Second Sino-Japanese War pushed China's Nationalist Government to its southwest base of Chongqing , transportation infrastructure improved as Guizhou

2664-642: The Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated Guiyang ; on December 26, the People's Government of Guizhou Province was established. In the early period after liberation, the province had one directly managed city, eight special areas, and one special area city, totalling 79 counties. In April 1956, the Guiyang , Zhenyuan , and Duyun special areas were abolished, and

2738-474: The absence of their men, the tribe of Julan rebelled against the Han and killed the governor of Jianwei Commandery. After Nanyue was defeated, Han forces turned north and subjugated the various tribes of Yelang, Julan, Toulan, Qiong, Zuo, Ran, and Mang. The Dian kingdom was annexed by the Han under the reign of Emperor Wu of Han in 109 BCE and the Yizhou commandery established. The Dian King willingly received

2812-727: The agreement and Zhuang Qiao went further west to the Lake Dian region. However, in 281 BCE the Qin state sent Sima Cuo to intercept this threat to its interests and attacked Ba, eventually persuading Ba, Bi and Yelang to switch to alliances with the Qin. Yelang had a close relationship with the Nanyue ("Southern Yue") kingdom and used the Zangke River (now known as the Beipan River ) as

2886-468: The allegiance of the nearby Laojin and Mimo tribes. However, in 109 BCE, Han troops from Ba and Shu wiped out the Laojin and Mimo, leading the king of Dian to surrender. While Dian became Yizhou Commandery , the king was allowed to continue his rule until a rebellion during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han . The Han proceeded with colonization and conquered the people of Kunming in 86 and 82 BCE, reaching all

2960-549: The approval of the State Council, Xingren County in the Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was abolished and the county-level Xingren City was established. In July 2020, Shuicheng County in Liupanshui City was abolished and the district-level Shuicheng District was established. In March 2021, with the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Civil Affairs agreed to abolish Qianxi County and establish

3034-533: The area being mountains and hills. There are numerous mountain ranges within the province, with overlapping ridges and peaks stretching across the landscape. In the north, there is the Dalou Mountain , which runs diagonally from the west to the northeast, with the important pass Loushan Pass at an altitude of 1444 meters; in the central and southern part, Miaoling Mountain(苗岭) Range stretches across, with its main peak, Leigong Mountain(雷公山), at 2178 meters; in

Guizhou - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-609: The area from Tongshi east to Yeyu were the Sui and Kunming tribes who braided their hair and moved from place to place with their herds. They had no fixed abodes or rulers. Northeast of the Sui were the Xi and Zuodu. The most powerful of the Zuodu were the Ran and Mang, who lived west of Shu . Some of them moved from place and place but others lived in fixed abodes. Northeast of the Ran and Mang were

3182-463: The area. Because of its lesser development compared to many other provinces in China, Guizhou's environment is well-preserved. As of at least 2023, its environment and favorable climate have been assets in attracting the new, increasingly digital, economy. Guizhou Province's rivers are located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins, with 69 counties falling within

3256-552: The county-level Qianxi City. Guizhou Province is located on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau , between longitudes 103°36′ to 109°35′ east and latitudes 24°37′ to 29°13′ north. The average altitude is around 1100 meters. It borders Hunan to the east, Guangxi to the south, Yunnan to the west, and Sichuan and Chongqing to the north. It stretches approximately 595 kilometers from east to west and about 509 kilometers from north to south. The total area of Guizhou Province

3330-714: The emergence of the State of Qin , northwest Guizhou was part of the State of Shu . During the Warring States period , the Chinese state of Chu conquered the area, and control later passed to the Dian Kingdom . During the Chinese Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), to which the Dian was tributary, Guizhou was home to the Yelang collection of tribes, which largely governed themselves before the Han consolidated control in

3404-538: The five famous medicinal materials of Guizhou. Dian Kingdom Dian ( Chinese : 滇 ) was an ancient kingdom established by the Dian people, a non- Han metalworking civilization that inhabited around the Dian Lake plateau of central northern Yunnan , China from the late Spring and Autumn period until the Eastern Han dynasty . The Dian buried their dead in vertical pit graves. The Dian language

3478-467: The greatest in all the world, inquired rhetorically of the Han emperor's envoy, "Which is greater, Yelang or Han?" This gave rise to the Chinese idiom , "Yelang thinks too highly of itself" ( Chinese : 夜郎自大 ; pinyin : Yèláng zì dà ). Other sources suggest that Yelang's king was simply copying an earlier statement by a ruler of the adjacent Kingdom of Dian . Other Chinese sources describe

3552-502: The increasing population and the growth of non-agricultural land use, the area of arable land is continuously decreasing. By the end of 2002, the actual area of arable land in Guizhou Province was 17,694 square kilometers, a reduction of 629 square kilometers compared to 2001. The per capita area of arable land is less than 0.05 hectares, which is significantly lower than the national average of China. The proportion of arable land with thick soil layers, high fertility, and good water conditions

3626-406: The leisurely pursuits of the Dian people, such as bullfighting, dancing and music-making. The Dian people dressed in tunics over short pants and wore their hair in topknots. The bronze lids corroborated Sima Qian's description of the Dian hairstyle. Many scenes depicted the Dian at war, often riding horses. Archaeological evidence shows that horses had been domesticated by the Dian people as early as

3700-490: The new dynasty, Ba and Shu, bordered Dian. According to the Shiji , the southwest was dominated by barbarians, among whom the ruler of Yelang was the most powerful. To the west of Yelang were the Mimo and the most powerful among them was the ruler of Dian. North of Dian was Qiongdu. All these people styled their hair in a mallet-shaped fashion. These were settled peoples who worked the fields and lived in settlements. In

3774-550: The north by the Sui and Kunming tribes of the Erhai region and in the south by the Di and Zuo tribes. However they learned that further west there was a kingdom called Dianyue where the people rode elephants and traded with the merchants from Shu in secret. In 111 BCE, Emperor Wu of Han ordered the barbarian tribes of Jianwei Commandery to raise troops for the campaign against Nanyue . Fearing that neighboring tribes would attack them in

SECTION 50

#1732766026824

3848-587: The northeastern part, there is the Wuling Mountain Range, which winds into Guizhou from Hunan, with its main peak, Fanjing Mountain , at 2572 meters; in the west, there is the towering Wumeng Mountain(乌蒙山), with the highest point in Guizhou being Jiucaiping(韭菜坪) in Zhushi Township(珠市乡), Hezhang County , at an altitude of 2900.6 meters. Guizhou has a humid subtropical climate . There are few seasonal changes. Its annual average temperature

3922-690: The original county-level Zunyi City being changed to Honghuagang District . In 2000, the Anshun Special Area was abolished and the prefecture-level city of Anshun was established, with the original county-level Anshun City being changed to Xixiu District . In 2003, parts of the Honghuagang District in Zunyi City were divided to establish the Huichuan District of Zunyi City. In 2011, the Tongren Special Area

3996-489: The other being Yelang . Both have survived: the Yelang Seal emerged in 2007 from a Hmong man in Guizhou , claiming to be the Yelang King's 75th generation descendant. The Dian Kingdom's elite used elements of the Chu state's aristocratic mortuary practices. The largest tin deposits on the Eurasian continent are located on the Malay peninsula, and as such, the Dian people were sophisticated metal workers, casting both bronze and iron. The Dian cast bronze objects using both

4070-404: The piece mould method and the lost wax method. Dian elite burials contained an impressive array of bronze objects, although late Dian burials also contained locally cast iron objects. Large bronze drums were employed by the Dian to communicate in battle; ritual burials of Dian elites were accompanied by large bronze drums filled with cowrie shells. The tops of the drums were removed and replaced by

4144-490: The poorest province in China, with a GDP growth average of 9 percent from 1978 to 1993. Regional history In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), Guizhou established six administrative supervision areas, each in charge of several counties. In the 30th year (1941), Guiyang City was established. By the 37th year (1948), Guizhou had one direct jurisdiction area, six administrative supervision areas, and 78 counties (cities) under its administration. On November 15, 1949,

4218-521: The province's total land area, with major rivers including: Wu River , Chishui River , Qingshuijiang , Hongzhou River(洪州河), Wuyang River , Jinjiang , Songtao River(松桃河)， Songkan River(松坎河), Niulan River(牛栏江), Hengjiang(横江), etc.; to the south of Miao Ridge lies the Pearl River basin, covering an area of 60,420 square kilometers, accounting for 34.3% of the province's total land area, with major rivers including: Nanpan River , Beipan River , Hongshui River , Duliu River , Dagou River(打狗河), etc. Guizhou has

4292-418: The relocation of heavy industry into inland provinces such as Guizhou, to better protect them from potential foreign attacks. Located in the hinterland of the southwestern inland region, Guizhou is a transportation hub in the southwest area and an important part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It is the country's first national-level comprehensive pilot zone for big data, a mountain tourism destination and

4366-414: The same year, Pingba County in Anshun City was abolished and Pingba District of Anshun City was established. In 2016, Zunyi County in Zunyi City was abolished and the district-level Bozhou District was established. In April 2017, the Ministry of Civil Affairs agreed to abolish Pan County in Liupanshui City and establish the county-level Panzhou City, managed by Liupanshui City. In August 2018, with

4440-487: The scope of the Yangtze River protective forest conservation area, making it an important ecological barrier for the upper reaches of both the Yangtze and Pearl Rivers. The water system of the province flows from the west and center towards the north, east, and south according to the terrain. Miao Ridge serves as the watershed between the Yangtze and Pearl River basins; to the north lies the Yangtze River basin, covering an area of 115,747 square kilometers, accounting for 65.7% of

4514-665: The seat of the kingdom as Bijie ( Chinese : 畢節 ) in today's Liupanshui area, in modern Guizhou province, whilst others suggest the capital moved throughout the region over time. The Yelang were primarily a confederation of agricultural farming tribes. Yelang people wore their hair up and decorated themselves with jewellery such as bracelets and necklaces. Archaeologists have retrieved relics from Yelang graves including "bronze swords, U-shaped bronze hairclips, turquoise bracelets and jade necklaces", as well as "various bronze, porcelain and stone vessels visibly different from those belonging to other cultures studied in China, like

SECTION 60

#1732766026824

4588-454: The sixth century BCE. The bronze lids also depicted the Dian decapitating their enemies (who wore their hair in long plaits). The kingdom was based on agriculture, the bronzes also showed head hunting, human sacrifice, and slaves as part of Dian society. Archaeologists recently discovered the inundated remains of Dian-period buildings and pottery fragments under Fuxian Lake and were able to verify their age with carbon dating. At Dabona,

4662-670: The southwest and established the Lingnan province. During the Three Kingdoms period, parts of Guizhou were governed by the Shu Han state based in Sichuan , followed by Cao Wei (220–266) and the Jin dynasty (266–420). During the 8th and 9th centuries in the Tang dynasty , Chinese soldiers moved into Guizhou (Kweichow) and married native women. Their descendants are known as Lǎohànrén ( 老汉人 ), in contrast to new Chinese who populated Guizhou at later times. They still speak an archaic dialect. Many immigrants to Guizhou were descended from these soldiers in garrisons who married these pre-Chinese women. Kublai Khan and Möngke Khan conquered

4736-534: The southwest was abolished, prompting rebellions from disenfranchised chieftains and the further centralization of government. After the Second Opium War , criminal triads set up shop in Guangxi and Guizhou to sell British opium . For a time, Taiping Rebels took control of Guizhou, but they were ultimately suppressed by the Qing. Concurrently, Han Chinese soldiers moved into the Taijiang region of Guizhou, married Miao women, and their children were brought up as Miao. More unsuccessful Miao rebellions occurred during

4810-644: The upper reaches, with small water volume; the middle reaches have alternating tight and open valleys with rapid water flow; the lower reaches have deep and narrow valleys, with large water volume and abundant hydropower resources. The potential of hydropower resources is 18.745 million kilowatts, ranking sixth in China, of which 16.833 million kilowatts are exploitable, accounting for 4.4% of China's total, with many concentrated river sections with large water level drops, and favorable development conditions. Guizhou Province's land resources are predominantly mountainous and hilly, with relatively few plains. The mountainous area

4884-450: The way to what is now modern day Myanmar . The Dian buried their kings at Shizhaishan, which was uncovered in 1954 near Shizhai Village in Jinning County , Yunnan . The burials were identified by the inscription King Dian's Seal . The inscription was written in seal script on a gold imperial seal of investiture given by the Han Emperor. Sima Qian noted that the Dian were one of only two local groups to have received an imperial seal,

4958-399: The west and centre. It lies at the eastern end of the Yungui Plateau . Demographically, it is one of China's most diverse provinces. Minority groups account for more than 37% of the population, including sizable populations of the Miao , Bouyei , Dong , Tujia and Yi peoples, all of whom speak languages distinct from Chinese. The main language spoken in Guizhou is Southwestern Mandarin ,

5032-403: Was abolished and Tongren City was established; on November 6, with the approval of the State Council, Xingyi County was abolished and Xingyi City was established. In 1990, Chishui County in the Zunyi Special Area was abolished and the county-level Chishui City was established. Anshun City and Anshun County were merged to serve as the administrative center of Anshun Special Area. In 1992,

5106-416: Was abolished and the county-level Bijie City was established, serving as the administrative center of Bijie Special Area. In 1996, Qingzhen City, Xiuwen County , Kaiyang County , and Xifeng County , originally belonging to the Anshun Special Area, were transferred to the jurisdiction of Guiyang City. In 1997, the Zunyi Special Area was abolished and the prefecture-level city of Zunyi was established, with

5180-428: Was abolished and the prefecture-level city of Tongren was established, with the original county-level Tongren City being changed to Bijiang District , and the original Wanshan Special District being changed to Wanshan District. Tongren City governs 2 districts and 8 counties. In the same year, the Bijie Special Area was abolished and the prefecture-level city of Bijie was established. The original county-level Bijie City

5254-420: Was changed to Qixingguan District . In 2013, a pilot model of provincial direct management of counties was implemented, with the county-level Renhuai City, originally belonging to Zunyi City, and Weining County , originally belonging to Bijie City, being designated as pilot counties for provincial direct management. On January 6, 2014, the State Council agreed to establish the Guizhou Gui'an New District. In

5328-518: Was established in 279 BCE when King Qingxiang of Chu sent a military force to the southwest. Zhuang Qiao, a general of Chu , reached the Dian Lake as part of the Chu military campaign. When the Chu homeland was invaded by the Qin , Zhuang Qiao decided to stay in Yunnan and adopt the native ways, establishing the Dian kingdom. The Qin dynasty was subsequently overthrown by the Han, and the commanderies of

5402-517: Was likely one of the Tibeto-Burman languages . The Han Empire's annexation of the Dian kingdom in 109 BCE eventually led to the establishment of the Yizhou commandery. Dian culture started from at least the 8th century BCE, until it fell under the control of the Han dynasty in 109 BCE. Dian was an ancient kingdom situated in modern Yunnan , southwestern China, in the region around the Dian Lake . According to Han historian, Sima Qian , it

5476-541: Was linked with the Burma Road . After the end of the War, a 1949 Revolution swept Mao into power, who promoted the relocation of heavy industry into inland provinces such as Guizhou, to better protect them from Soviet and American attacks. The 1957 influenza pandemic started in Guizhou and killed a million people around the world. After the Chinese economic reform began in 1978, geographical factors led Guizhou to become

#823176