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26-500: Dian may refer to: Places [ edit ] Dian Kingdom , ancient kingdom in modern Yunnan province, China Diān (滇), an official abbreviation for Yunnan province Lake Dian , a lake in Yunnan Dian, Armenia , a village People [ edit ] Dian (given name) , a list Dian (surname) , a list See also [ edit ] Diane (disambiguation) ,

52-728: A Hmong man in Guizhou , claiming to be the Yelang King's 75th generation descendant. The Dian Kingdom's elite used elements of the Chu state's aristocratic mortuary practices. The largest tin deposits on the Eurasian continent are located on the Malay peninsula, and as such, the Dian people were sophisticated metal workers, casting both bronze and iron. The Dian cast bronze objects using both

78-679: A bronze lid. Dian weapon types and decorative motifs had some commonalities with Chu. Iaroslav Lebedynsky and Victor H. Mair speculate that some Sakas may also have migrated to the area of Yunnan in southern China following their expulsion by the Yuezhi in the 2nd century BCE. Excavations of the prehistoric art of the Dian civilization of Yunnan have revealed hunting scenes similar to that of Indo-European artwork depicting horsemen in Central Asian clothing. Horsemen practicing hunting are depicted in circular arrangement on top of drums,

104-539: A design often encountered in Scythian art . Animal scenes of felines attacking oxen are also at times reminiscent of Scythian art both in theme and in composition. These objects reflect the influence of steppe art. The bronze lids were covered with miniature figurines and structures, depicting various scenes from the life of the Dian people. The bronze lids depicted the Dian people engaged in everyday activities such as hunting, farming and weaving. Other scenes depicted

130-620: A given name Dianne (disambiguation) , a given name All pages with titles beginning with Dian All pages with titles containing Dian Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dian . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dian&oldid=1207638638 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

156-447: A site connected with the Dian culture, archaeologists discovered a large double coffin burial; The outer coffin was made of wood and the inner coffin was made of bronze. The inner coffin was shaped like a house and weighs over 157 kg. The Yunnan Provincial Museum holds many archaeological relics of the Dian culture. Daxia Daxia , Ta-Hsia , or Ta-Hia ( Chinese : 大夏 ; pinyin : Dàxià ; literally: 'Great Xia')

182-475: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dian Kingdom Dian was an ancient kingdom situated in modern Yunnan , southwestern China, in the region around the Dian Lake . According to Han historian, Sima Qian , it was established in 279 BCE when King Qingxiang of Chu sent a military force to the southwest. Zhuang Qiao, a general of Chu , reached

208-564: Is used by the explorer Zhang Qian in 126 BCE to designate Bactria. It is possible that "Daxia", in part, conflated or confused Tokhara with the country of the Dahae (on the south-eastern shores of the Caspian Sea), who were usually known in classical Chinese sources as the Dayi ( Chinese : 大益 ; pinyin : Dayi ). Daxia is mentioned by, for instance, Chapter VIII (Xiao Kuang) of

234-611: The Dian Lake as part of the Chu military campaign. When the Chu homeland was invaded by the Qin , Zhuang Qiao decided to stay in Yunnan and adopt the native ways, establishing the Dian kingdom. The Qin dynasty was subsequently overthrown by the Han, and the commanderies of the new dynasty, Ba and Shu, bordered Dian. According to the Shiji , the southwest was dominated by barbarians, among whom

260-798: The Guanzi (7th Century BCE): "In the west [Duke Huan]... having passed through the valleys of the Taihang and Bier, took captive the chief of the Da Xia. Further to the west, he subjugated the Xi Yu of Liusha, and for the first time the Rong People of Qin were obedient." (Taihang and Bier are located along the Shanxi-Hebei border in China.) The reports of Zhang Qian are preserved in Shiji ("Records of

286-624: The Bactrians were suzerains to the nomadic Yuezhi , who were settled to the north of their territory beyond the Oxus . Overall, Zhang Qian depicted a rather sophisticated but demoralized people who were afraid of war. Following these reports, the Chinese emperor Wudi was informed of the level of sophistication of the urban civilizations of Ferghana , Bactria and Parthia , and became interested in developing commercial relationships with them: Thus

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312-409: The Chinese, and became a tributary. Emperor Wu sent Wang Ranyu to persuade the king of Dian to submit, pointing out that many of the neighboring tribes had already been defeated. The king of Dian was initially reluctant to accept the offer for he still possessed some 30,000 troops as well as the allegiance of the nearby Laojin and Mimo tribes. However, in 109 BCE, Han troops from Ba and Shu wiped out

338-469: The Great Historian") by Sima Qian in the 1st century BCE. They describe an important urban civilization of about one million people, living in walled cities under small city kings or magistrates . Daxia was an affluent country with rich markets, trading in an incredible variety of objects, coming as far as Southern China. By the time Zhang Qian visited Daxia, there was no longer a major king and

364-661: The Han. The Jianwei Commandery was established in the region. In 122 BCE, Emperor Wu dispatched four groups of envoys to the southwest in search of a route to Daxia in Central Asia. One group was welcomed by the king of Dian but none of them were able to make it any further as they were blocked in the north by the Sui and Kunming tribes of the Erhai region and in the south by the Di and Zuo tribes. However they learned that further west there

390-455: The Laojin and Mimo, leading the king of Dian to surrender. While Dian became Yizhou Commandery , the king was allowed to continue his rule until a rebellion during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han . The Han proceeded with colonization and conquered the people of Kunming in 86 and 82 BCE, reaching all the way to what is now modern day Myanmar . The Dian buried their kings at Shizhaishan, which

416-655: The Sui were the Xi and Zuodu. The most powerful of the Zuodu were the Ran and Mang, who lived west of Shu . Some of them moved from place and place but others lived in fixed abodes. Northeast of the Ran and Mang were the Baima, who belonged to the Di tribe. Shu is the only place that makes ju berry sauce. large quantities of it are exported in secret to the markets of Yelang, which is situated on

442-517: The Zangke. The Zangke at that point is over 100 paces across, wide enough to allow boats to move up and down it. The king of Southern Yue sends money and goods in an effort to gain control of Yelang, extending his efforts as far west as Tongshi, but so far he has not succeeded in getting Yelang to acknowledge his sovereignty. In 135 BCE, the Han envoy Tang Meng brought gifts to Duotong, the king of Yelang, which bordered Dian, and convinced him to submit to

468-409: The emperor learned of Dayuan , Daxia, Anxi , and the others, all states rich in unusual products whose people cultivated the land and made their living in much the same way as the Chinese. All these states, he was told, were militarily weak and prized Han goods and wealth. ( Shiji 123) These contacts immediately led to the dispatch of multiple embassies from the Chinese, initiating the development of

494-406: The leisurely pursuits of the Dian people, such as bullfighting, dancing and music-making. The Dian people dressed in tunics over short pants and wore their hair in topknots. The bronze lids corroborated Sima Qian's description of the Dian hairstyle. Many scenes depicted the Dian at war, often riding horses. Archaeological evidence shows that horses had been domesticated by the Dian people as early as

520-404: The piece mould method and the lost wax method. Dian elite burials contained an impressive array of bronze objects, although late Dian burials also contained locally cast iron objects. Large bronze drums were employed by the Dian to communicate in battle; ritual burials of Dian elites were accompanied by large bronze drums filled with cowrie shells. The tops of the drums were removed and replaced by

546-552: The ruler of Yelang was the most powerful. To the west of Yelang were the Mimo and the most powerful among them was the ruler of Dian. North of Dian was Qiongdu. All these people styled their hair in a mallet-shaped fashion. These were settled peoples who worked the fields and lived in settlements. In the area from Tongshi east to Yeyu were the Sui and Kunming tribes who braided their hair and moved from place to place with their herds. They had no fixed abodes or rulers. Northeast of

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572-454: The sixth century BCE. The bronze lids also depicted the Dian decapitating their enemies (who wore their hair in long plaits). The kingdom was based on agriculture, the bronzes also showed head hunting, human sacrifice, and slaves as part of Dian society. Archaeologists recently discovered the inundated remains of Dian-period buildings and pottery fragments under Fuxian Lake and were able to verify their age with carbon dating. At Dabona,

598-430: Was a kingdom called Dianyue where the people rode elephants and traded with the merchants from Shu in secret. In 111 BCE, Emperor Wu of Han ordered the barbarian tribes of Jianwei Commandery to raise troops for the campaign against Nanyue . Fearing that neighboring tribes would attack them in the absence of their men, the tribe of Julan rebelled against the Han and killed the governor of Jianwei Commandery. After Nanyue

624-570: Was apparently the name given in antiquity by the Han Chinese to Tukhara or Tokhara : the main part of Bactria , in what is now northern Afghanistan , and parts of southern Tajikistan and Uzbekistan . The name "Daxia" first appears in Chinese accounts from the 3rd century BCE, to designate a kingdom in the far west – possibly a consequence of the first contacts with the expansion of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom – and then

650-460: Was defeated, Han forces turned north and subjugated the various tribes of Yelang, Julan, Toulan, Qiong, Zuo, Ran, and Mang. The Dian kingdom was annexed by the Han under the reign of Emperor Wu of Han in 109 BCE and the Yizhou commandery established. The Dian King willingly received the Chinese invasion in the hopes of assistance against rival tribes. It was at this time he received his seal from

676-618: Was uncovered in 1954 near Shizhai Village in Jinning County , Yunnan . The burials were identified by the inscription King Dian's Seal . The inscription was written in seal script on a gold imperial seal of investiture given by the Han Emperor. Sima Qian noted that the Dian were one of only two local groups to have received an imperial seal, the other being Yelang . Both have survived: the Yelang Seal emerged in 2007 from

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